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DELAY
Virtual
Reality Services that can be delivered
by legacy networks
Services that could be
10ms Disaster Real-Time Multi-Person enabled by 5G
Alert Gaming Video Call
Fixed
Bi-Directional
Remote Controlling
Automotive Nomadic
100ms eCall Device First Responder
Remote Connectivity
Controlling On-The-Go
Machine-to-machine connectivity
1,000ms Wireless Cloud
Based Office
Monitoring Sensor Personal Video
Networks Cloud Streaming BANDWIDTH
<1 Mbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbp >1Gbps THROUGHPUT
10
1
Area Traffic Low 3x Spectrum
Capacity 1x Efficiency
10
(Mbit/s/m2)
1
10x 350
100x 500
Network Mobility
Energy Efficiency 10 (Km/s)
105
3GPP Roadmap
Looking at requirements, as described by the GSMA and adopted by the carriers, a
basic tenet is the technology will support 10-20 Gbps per cell with potentially 1 Gbps
real (or perceived) downstream bandwidth to a user at less than 1 ms latency. This is
an important distinction, since LTE was advertised as having high peak data rates,
but the end user rarely, if ever, experienced them. Even fixed broadband networks
must rise to the challenge of providing these rates and, thus, the required new
architectures. This implies a network that is:
An effective way to understand these requirements and the required network evolution
is to map them to the phases of the 3GPP’s International Mobile Telecommunication
system requirements for the year 2020 (IMT-2020). There are two phases to this.
Phase I is focused on early availability and an evolution of existing LTE deployments
and is aligned to 3GPP Release 15. Release 15 initially defined a non-stand-alone
mode (NSA), where 5G is anchored by a 4G LTE core network. This was standardized by
3GPP in December 2017. Standalone mode is expected in the final 3GPP Release 15
later in 2018. Phase 2, will be defined by 2019, if not sooner. Some operators are claiming
first commercial deployments of 5G towards the end of 2018 and into early 2019.
Are there test architectures for this technology shift? One way to look at this is
through the use cases instead of the technology itself. For example, model the
top 10 user scenarios, and determine the architecture required. This is important,
since developing these capabilities to validate an (IoT) sensor, an autonomous
vehicle, streaming of a high-definition (HD) movie, or a remote surgery are all very
different. Endpoints appear and disappear at high rates, cell-site complexity grows
with network sharing, and even the radios deployed and the bandwidth required for
the visibility traffic itself will require new ways of thinking.
stations. This comes at a cost of requiring much higher frequencies that can support PerfectStorm™, XAir2
higher bandwidth channels. These higher frequencies imply much higher density cell helps operators and
deployment (i.e., microcells), which then require a much higher density back haul NEMs prepare for 5G by
infrastructure. The user perception of availability is also impacted by roaming, made supporting many facets
more difficult by the above network requirements. However, looking at the three use of pre-5G support for LTE
cases, roaming may really only be applicable to enhanced mobile broadband where in unlicensed spectrum
For 5G, reducing latency by an order of magnitude implies that some of the servers
and intelligence will need to be within proximity of the cell site, and the driving factor
will be the cost of delivering the service versus the net gain. Some of the work
involving edge data centers and fiber buildouts in support of the distributed cloud by
the cellular providers align to these requirements. There may be different approaches
to the edge and “near edge,” depending on who is building the network and providing
the content.
CIS (RCC)
40.5 48.6 50.2
• Validate over-the-air
25.5 27.5 31.8 33.4 39.5 41.5 45.5 47.5 50.4 52.8 66 71 76 81 86 performance.
Arab (ASMG) No specific frequency bands submitted, opinions that above 31 GHz should be targeted.
Africa (ATU)
26.5 27.5 45.5 50.2
7.057 10.5 17.3 23.6 24.25 31.8 33.4 37 43.5 50.4 52.6 55 76 81 86
-10 GHz 10-20 GHz 20-30 GHz 30-40 GHz 40-50 GHz 50-60 GHz 60-70 GHz 70-80 GHz 80-90 GHz
Figure 3. Frequency ranges being studied for identification at World Radio Communication Conference in 2019.
The massive increase in the number of devices will only be served by a combination of
greater over-the-air bandwidth, antenna designs that efficiently handle this bandwidth and
subscriber density, and addressing space availability with Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
eMBB will utilize existing and new technologies to achieve the expected extreme data
throughputs:
1. Spectrum. 5G NR will extend the radio channel into mmWave frequencies and
combine unlicensed spectrum to increase the possible channel bandwidths. With
more channel bandwidth, more data can be sent through the channel.
• Ixia’s IxLoad® LTE XAir2 permits service providers, equipment and chipset makers,
and enterprises developing products and services to test LTE Advanced Pro
(LTE-A Pro) circuits and network equipment and even emulate entire networks in
support of these test scenarios. This testing will provide valuable experience in the
development of 5G test gear.
• With the move to mmWave spectrum, some tests will need over-the-air
(OTA) validation. Keysight’s Propsim channel emulation OTA testing solution
enables verification of a device’s performance in a real-world setting by accurately
simulating the radio channel characteristics without needing to connect to a base
station.
• Ixia’s XAir2 with high session counts, versus bandwidth per session, offers
operators the first step in supporting different types of IoT tests.
Keysight products and solutions are well positioned with LTE-A Pro and for the move
to 5G: from LTE-A IoT and running on unlicensed spectrum, to increasing throughput
in 5G from a combination of carrier aggregation, MIMO, and higher-order QAMs. Our
products and solutions address the design and test needs across the ecosystem
and through every layer of the protocol stack so that device designers, NEMs and
operators can innovate, transform and win in 5G.