ion IL. Spanish: ¢. 1603 Points of Pt Point- Quadrant’ blank I 2 3 4 AS 6 Ranges (paces) Cannon of go Ib. 1000 2500 3900 4000 4486 4550 4660 ‘Cannon of 45 ,, 950 2400 3800 3947 4464 4620 4700 Cannon of 40 ,, 900 2220 3700 4316 4490 4780 4792 Cannon of 35 ,, 850 2040 3570 4284 4613 4766 4834 Cannon of 30 ,, B00 1866, 3421 4227 4636 4814 4900 Demi-cannon of 25 |b. 759 1600 3200 3800 4434 4800 5600 Demi-cannon of 20 ,, 700 1540 3080. 3620 4090: 4526 $389 Demi-cannon of 12 ,, 600 1280 2560 3400 3980 4246 4380 Third-cannon of 12 ,, 500 1033 2066. 258 3054. 3300 3300 Culverin of 22 Ib. 800 1737 3466 5548 6469 7i20 7355 Culverin of 20 ,, 720 1560 3150 ooo 5990 6587 7200 Culverin of 18 ,, 700 1487 2074 4516 5419 6380 ‘6700 Culverin of 15 ,, 650 1430 2860 4290 5150 $720 6IBO Demi-culverin of 12 Ib. 600 1320 2640 3960 4750 $346 $700 Demi-culverin of ro ,, 550 1210 2420 3630 4837 $104 5500 Demi-culverin of 8 ,, 00 1100 2200 3300 412g 4640. 5200 Saker of 6 Ib. 450 990 1980 2970 3742 476. 4500 Falcon of 4 lb. 40 880 1760 2640 3300 4712 4000, Falcon of 2 ,, 330 ‘7oq 1408 2012 2640 2970 3200 1 Thatis‘ist point = 74°; and point = 15°; 31d point = 22°; 4th point = 30"; sth point = 37)°; éth point = 45°.APPENDIX UL. Spanish: c. 1603—(cont.) Weight of Gun Weight of Shot Length of Gun Demi-cannon 2400 Ib. 16 Ib. 18 calibres Culverin $530 16 30 Demi-culverin 2800 8 26 Saker 1750 Falconet 1950 3 30 (Diego de Prado y Tovar, Encyclopaedia de Fundicion de Artilleria y su Platica Manual (1603), pp. 8 et seq.) IIL. English: Civil War Period Calibre of Weight of Length of Weight of Piece! Piece Piece Shot Cannon Royal 8 in. 8000 Ib. 8 ft 63 Ib. ‘Cannon. 7 7000 10 47 Demi-cannon 6 6000: 12 27 Culverin $ 4000 Ir 15 Demi-culverin reg 3600 10 9 Saker ak 2500 94 st Minion 3 1§00 & 4 Falcon 2p 700 6 2h Falconet 2 210 4 1h Robinet ub 120 3 i * Probably } in. should be allowed for windage. The simplification of the classification and the increased strength of the smaller pieces are worth notice. (William Eldred; The Gunner's Glasse, 1646). T4R691 IV. French: 1666 (de la Fontaine: Les Fortifications Royales, 92-). Weight Gunners of Weight Length Point-blank Extreme and Ball Calibre of Gun Charge ofGun Range Range _Loaders Whole Cannon (Flemish) 45 Ib. 494 Ib. 6100 Ib. 224 Ib. “7h calibres rys0ft 16200 ft 5 Whole Cannon (French) 3340365 5200 17 19k 1500 16400: $ Demi-cannon (Flemish) 24 26} 4200S 20k 1560 16500 4 ‘Great Culverin (French) 1s 16h 3400 10 cE] 1630 16625 4 7 7 _ 18 20 4000, Iz 32 1650 16850 4 Quarter Cannon 12 14t 2800 8h 24h 1550 16050 3 Eighth Cannon (Saker) 6 6h 1700 ab 29 1500 15925 2 Sixteenth Cannon 3 3 TI0o 2h 35 1475 15550 2 ‘Thirtysecond Cannon ce 1 750 1h 4I 1450 15200 2 xXIGNaddVAPPENDIX V. French: 1607 Weight Weight Length French whole cannon —_ 6200 |b. 33 Ib. ft Spanish demi-cannon 100 24 uft French demi-cannon = 4100 16 to ft. ro in. Spanish qtr. cannon. 3400 12 ro ft. 9} in. French gtr. cannon. 1950 8 ro ft. 7} in. “Moyenne’ 1300 4 10 ft, 7 in. Falcon 1§0-800 $2 aft The names culverin and saker belong to pieces now disused and ‘dont les noms bizarres sont presque inconnus’. Ordnance of the latest type 24-pr weighing 3000 lb and 6 ft. 7-75 in. long 16-pr 2200 6 Ft, 2-33 in. i2-pr 2000 6 ft. 1-25 in. §-pr TO0O 4 ft. 11-83 in. 4-pr 600 4 ft. 9 in. These new pieces had a chamber larger than the bore, were conse- quently wider at the breech than the old, and cast shorter and lighter. Ranges at 45° (Guns of the old type charged with two-thirds of the weight of the ball in powder, the new type with one-third.) 24-pr 4500 yd apr 3320 yd 16-pr 4040 4-pr 3040 r2-pr 3740 ‘L’on ne s‘accorde point sur la Portée des Pitces.” The windages allowed vary from 0-21 in. for the 33-pr. to o-r1 in. for the 4-pr. Mortar Ranges Calibre 12 inch. Range 240 feet to 2160 feet, elevation s—45 deg., charge 2 Ib. Increase per deg. 48 fect. Range 2160 feet to 2700 feet, elevation 36-45 deg., charge 24 Ib. Increase per deg. 6o feet. Range 2664 feet to 3240 feet, elevation 37-45 deg., charge 3 Ib. Increase per deg. 72 feet. 170APPENDIX Calibre 8 inch: Range 210 to 1890 feet, clevation 5-45 deg., charge 4 Ib. Increase per deg. 42 feet. Range 1922 to 2790 feet, elevation 31-45 deg., charge } lb. Increase per deg. 62 fect. Range 2870 to 3690 feet, elevation 34-45 deg., charge 1 |b. Increase per deg. 82 feet. (Surirey de Saint-Rémy, Mémoires d'Artillerie (1697), vol. 1, pp. 57, 60, 70, 7, 258, 261.) By way of comparison the following table of ranges of naval ord~ nance in 1820 is given from A Treatise of Naval Gunnery by Sir Howard Douglas. Point- blank a 2° x 32-pr., 9 ft. Gin. long, charge 10-11 lb. 350750 © 10§0——«1320 24-pr., 9 ft. 6 in. long, charge 6 lb. = 24866 8470 «1213 24-pr., 6 ft. 6 in. long, charge 6 Ib. 221 82 832 1133 ia-pr., 8 ft. 6 in. long, charge 4 lb. yoo = 700 913 1189 o-pr., 8 ft. 6 in. long, charge 3 Ib. 700-683 900 1200 To°* 32-pr. 2900 yards ‘24-pre 2288 2545 2673 24-pr. 1741 2273 «2250 «2204 2562 12-pr. 18090 - - _ opr. 1800 _- _- _- _ 2 aisprine? I71