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Glasgow climate talks are down to the wire

on money, ambition and fossil fuels
>> Somini Sengupta, Lisa Friedman and Brad Plumer, The New York Times
Published: 13 Nov 2021 01:32 PM BdST Updated: 13 Nov 2021 01:32 PM BdST

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A person wears a mask depicting Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson during a protest at the UN Climate
Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland, Britain Nov 12, 2021. REUTERS/Russell Cheyne
A new draft
International climate talks went into overtime Friday evening, as negotiators wrestled behind agreement sho
closed doors over several sticking points in an agreement that could determine whether nations disputes remai
can prevent the planet from growing dangerously hot by mid-century.

Opinion
Hydrogen Energy
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Course
A draft agreement released Friday morning called for a doubling of money to help developing countries
cope with climate impacts and said nations should strengthen their emissions-cutting targets by next
year. The document urged countries to accelerate a coal phaseout and eliminate subsidies for fossil US-China arms
fuels. gets more com

Negotiators from about 200 countries worked into Saturday morning, arguing over several aspects of
the document, including money for developing countries suffering the worst impacts, how to structure a
global market for carbon, and whether countries should be asked to return next year with stronger
emissions plans.

They even disputed whether the final agreement should mention the words “fossil fuels,” which have Is the Great
never before appeared in a global climate agreement even though their combustion is the principal Resignation a
cause of climate change.

One of the most divisive questions involves whether industrialized countries that have prospered by
burning coal, oil and gas should pay developing countries for the irreparable harms they have caused.

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The state of the negotiations reflected intensifying pressure on polluter countries to not only reduce
greenhouse gas emissions far more quickly than they have been willing but also to address the Ex-wheat ins
damage that those emissions have exacted on countries least responsible for the problem. death in Dhak

“There’s a huge disconnect between where we are, where we will be based on current projections and A remnant of
where we need to be in terms of what science is telling us,” said Saber Hossain Chowdhury, a historic Dhak
negotiator from Bangladesh.
Newly elected
beaten to dea
A new draft text was expected Saturday morning, according to summit organizers. To reach a final
agreement, all parties must approve. By tradition, if one country objects to language in the agreement, Sajeeb Waze
the talks can deadlock. Leadership A

The summit host, Britain, had said its goal was to ensure that the planet would not heat more than 1.5 COVID-19's e
degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2100, compared with preindustrial times. That is the fresh reckoni
threshold beyond which scientists say devastating heat waves, fires and floods become significantly
Healthcare gi
more likely.
split into two
That goal is nowhere within reach.
‘The war has
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The world has already warmed an average of 1.1 degrees Celsius since the Industrial Revolution,
to give anythi
although some places have already heated more than that. One analysis found that even if all the
pledges made in Glasgow are kept, temperatures will still skyrocket by 2.4 degrees Celsius by 2100. Bangladesh r
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The Kenyan environment minister, Keriako Tobiko, noted that an average global temperature rise of 1.5
degrees Celsius would translate into 3 degrees in Africa, intensifying erratic patterns of rainfall and
drought that are already punishing farmers.

“In Kenya and Africa, we cry, we bleed. We bleed when it rains, we cry when it doesn’t rain,” he said.
“So for us, ambition, 1.5 is not a statistic. It is a matter of life and death.”

Pressure mounted throughout the day to deliver a strong final document. At noon, more than 700
climate activists marched through the convention centre where the summit is being held, chanting
“climate justice” and calling for more ambitious targets. They spilled out into the streets to join noisy
throngs of more protesters.

The demonstrations enlivened the two-week proceedings, which have been dominated by well-crafted
speeches onstage and arguments over verbs in small meeting rooms. But they also served as a
reminder to politicians and diplomats of the demands of ordinary citizens. Midway through the summit,

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over the course of two days, more than 100,000 protesters filled the streets of Glasgow, many of them
young people, angrily demanding that world leaders take aggressive action to deal with the climate
crisis.

A British diplomat closely following the negotiations said talks would go down to the wire.

“There are a number of key issues still in play here, and we’re still some distance from reaching an
outcome,” said David Waskow, international climate director at the World Resources Institute, a
Washington-based environmental think tank.

The latest draft also “requests” nations to return every year to strengthen their emissions-cutting targets
until the 1.5 degree Celsius goal is within reach. In diplomatic terms, that is tamer than “urges,” which
was used in the previous draft.

Even at current temperatures, Chowdhury said, “we see the destruction, the devastation, the pain, the
suffering that all countries of the world are facing.” He received sustained applause from delegates in
the plenary hall.

The latest draft calls on countries to accelerate “the phaseout of unabated coal power and of inefficient
subsidies for fossil fuels.” Unabated coal refers to power plants that do not capture their carbon dioxide
emissions using a nascent technology not currently available on a commercial scale. The language
would allow power plants with the technology to continue burning coal and is a change from previous
language asking nations to “accelerate the phasing out of coal and subsidies for fossil fuels.”

John Kerry, US special envoy for climate change, on Friday described fossil fuel subsidies as the
“definition of insanity,” denouncing measures taken by governments that artificially lower the price of
coal, oil or gas.

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The world spends about $423 billion each year to subsidize oil, gas and coal, about four times the
amount needed to help poor countries address climate change, according to the UN Development
Program.

Officials from other countries argued that the words “unabated” and “inefficient” should be removed
from the agreement.

“We need clear language on the need to eliminate all fossil fuel subsidies, not only the inefficient ones,
and to accelerate the phaseout of coal power,” said Andrea Meza, Costa Rica’s environment minister.

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“Weasel words,” Catherine Abreu, executive director of Destination Zero, an environmental group,
called them.

Kerry defended the language about unabated coal, saying commercial carbon capture technology
could be available in the future.

It is unclear whether the coal language will stay in the final version, considering that countries such as
China, India, Poland and the United States still rely heavily on coal, the dirtiest fossil fuel.

In the negotiations Friday night, diplomats were wrestling over how to write regulations to govern the
fast-growing global market in carbon offsets, in which one company or country compensates for its own
emissions by paying someone else to reduce theirs. One of the thorniest technical issues is how to
properly account for these global trades so that any reductions in emissions aren’t overestimated or
double-counted, and negotiators still haven’t resolved debates over how best to do so.

It is common for UN climate conferences, which are supposed to run for two weeks, to go into
overtime. Diplomats often don’t get down to the nitty-gritty details until the final night.

Lia Nicholson, who represents small island nations in the negotiations, said the group “finds ourselves
at the final hours of this conference overwhelmed at the work still ahead of us.”

© 2021 The New York Times Company

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