Changes of State and The Particle Model 1 QP

Q1.(a) The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.
(i) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a

liquid?
Write the correct answer in the box.

(1)
(ii) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a

gas?
Write the correct answer in the box.

(1)
(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.
vibrating in fixed positions.
(i) In a gas, the particles are moving randomly.
not moving.
(1)
stronger than
(ii) In a solid, the forces between the particles are equal to the forces between
weaker than
the particles in a liquid.

(1)
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(c) The picture shows a puddle of water in a road, after a rain shower.
(i) During the day, the puddle of water dries up and disappears. This happens
because the water particles move from the puddle into the air.
What process causes water particles to move from the puddle into the air?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
condensation evaporation radiation
(1)
(ii) Describe one change in the weather which would cause the puddle of water to
dry up faster.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 3
Q2. (a) The diagrams show the arrangement of the particles in a solid and in a gas.
Each circle represents one particle.
(i) Complete the diagram below to show the arrangement of the particles in a
liquid.
(2)
(ii) Explain, in terms of the particles, why gases are easy to compress.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) The diagram below shows the model that a science teacher used to show her
students that there is a link between the temperature of a gas and the speed of the
gas particles.
The ball-bearings represent the gas particles. Switching the motor on makes the
ball-bearings move around in all directions.
Page 4
(i) How is the motion of the ball-bearings similar to the motion of the gas
particles?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The faster the motor runs, the faster the ball-bearings move. Increasing the
speed of the motor is like increasing the temperature of a gas.
Use the model to predict what happens to the speed of the gas particles when
the temperature of a gas is increased.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 5
Q3.Two students investigated the change of state of stearic acid from liquid to solid.
They measured how the temperature of stearic acid changed over 5 minutes as it
changed from liquid to solid.
Figure 1 shows the different apparatus the two students used.
Figure 1
Student A’s apparatus Student B’s apparatus
(a) Choose two advantages of using student A’s apparatus.
Tick two boxes.
Student A’s apparatus made sure the test was fair.
Student B’s apparatus only measured categoric variables.
Student A’s measurements had a higher resolution.
Student B was more likely to misread the temperature.
(2)
(b) Student B removed the thermometer from the liquid each time he took a
temperature reading.
What type of error would this cause?
Tick one box.
Page 6
A systematic error
A random error
A zero error
(1)
(c) Student A’s results are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Page 7
What was the decrease in temperature between 0 and 160 seconds?
Tick one box.
8.2 °C
8.4 °C
53.2 °C
55.6 °C
Page 8
(1)
(d) Use Figure 2 to determine the time taken for the stearic acid to change from a liquid
to a solid.
Time = ........................ seconds

(1)
(e) Calculate the energy transferred to the surroundings as 0.40 kg of stearic acid
changed state from liquid to solid.
The specific latent heat of fusion of stearic acid is 199 000 J / kg.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Energy = ......................................... J
(2)
(f) After 1200 seconds the temperature of the stearic acid continued to decrease.
Explain why.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 9

Changes of State and The Particle Model 1 QP

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Q1.(a) The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.

(i) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a

Write the correct answer in the box.

(ii) Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a

Write the correct answer in the box.

vibrating in fixed positions.

(i) In a gas, the particles are moving randomly.

the particles in a liquid.

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

condensation evaporation radiation

Each circle represents one particle.

Figure 1 shows the different apparatus the two students used.

Student A’s apparatus Student B’s apparatus

(a) Choose two advantages of using student A’s apparatus.

Tick two boxes.

Student A’s apparatus made sure the test was fair.

Student B’s apparatus only measured categoric variables.

Student A’s measurements had a higher resolution.

Student B was more likely to misread the temperature.

What type of error would this cause?

Tick one box.

(c) Student A’s results are shown in Figure 2.

Tick one box.

Time = ........................ seconds

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

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