NAGA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

M.T VILLANUEVA AVENUE, NAGA CITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
2nd Semester S/Y 2020-2021
ACTIVITY NO. 8. Medical Importance of Helminths
2nd Semester-2020-2021
1. Complete the table by providing the necessary information.
Organism Disease Mode of Infective Definitive Habitat Treatment
Transmission Stage Host

Enterobius Pinworm Pinworm infection People become Oxyurid Enterobius The medications
vermicularis infection (called is spread by the infected, usually nematodes vermicularis used for the
enterobiasis or fecal-oral route, unknowingly, by (pinworms) are at home in treatment of
oxyuriasis) that is by the swallowing generally every biome pinworm are
transfer of (ingesting) exhibit high that is home either
infective pinworm infective host to humans, mebendazole,
eggs from the pinworm eggs specificity. around the pyrantel
anus to that are on Humans are world. They pamoate, or
someone's fingers, under considered the develop and albendazole. Any
mouth, either fingernails, or on only host for E. reproduce in of these drugs
directly by hand clothing, vermicularis, the intestines are given in one
or indirectly bedding, and although of humans. dose initially, and
through other occasional Eggs are then another
contaminated contaminated infections have expelled single dose of
clothing, bedding, objects and been reported outside the the same drug
food, or other surfaces. in captive human body two weeks later.
articles. Because of their chimpanzees. to find a new Pyrantel
small size, host. pamoate is
pinworm eggs available without
sometimes can prescription.
become airborne
 and ingested
while breathing.

Trichuris Trichuriasis is Trichuris, as with The egg of the Humans are Trichuris The treatment is
trichiura infection with Ascaris whipworm is the the only trichiura lives with
Trichuris lumbricoides, is infective stage, known hosts of in the soil in mebendazole or
trichiura. spread via fecal- and favorable T. trichiura. egg stage. albendazole. The
Symptoms may oral transmission. conditions for its Following Once it is suggested dose
include Eggs are maturation are a excretion, ingested it of mebendazole
abdominal pain, deposited in soil warm and humid fertilised develops into 100 mg twice a
diarrhea, and, in through human climate. This is Trichuris eggs larvae stage. day for 3 days or
heavy infections, feces. After 10-14 why most of the will mature Finally albendazole is
anemia and days in soil, eggs disease burden is into an maturing into 200 to 400 mg
undernutrition. become infective. seen in tropical embryonated the adult twice a day for 3
Diagnosis is by climates, infective stage, stage in the days.
finding eggs in specifically in which, if intestines. Mebendazole has
stool. Treatment Asia and less consumed by a been shown to
is with often, in Africa susceptible be more
mebendazole, and South person will effective and is
albendazole, or America. It is establish a considered first-
ivermectin. also found in new cycle of line treatment.
rural parts of the infection.
southeast United Worldwide it
States. has been
estimated that
600–800
million persons
are infected by
this nematode.

Ascaris Ascariasis is an Ascaris lives in The infective egg Human is the The Anthelmintic
infection of the the intestine and contains a definitive host. geographic medications
lumbricoides small intestine Ascaris eggs are second stage There is no distributions of (drugs that
caused by passed in the larva, coiled intermediate Ascaris remove parasitic
Ascaris feces of infected within the host. lumbricoides worms from the
lumbricoides, persons. If the eggshell. Tramission is are worldwide body), such as
which is a infected person Infection occurs human - feces in areas with albendazole and
species of defecates outside when the - human. Adult warm, moist mebendazole,
roundworm. (near bushes, in infective eggs ascarids live in climates. are the drugs of
Roundworms are a garden, or are ingested with the small Infection choice for
a type of field), or if the contaminated intestines. occurs treatment of
parasitic worm. feces of an food and water. worldwide and Ascaris
Infections infected person The eggs hatch is most infections,
caused by are used as into larvae in the common in regardless of the
roundworms are fertilizer, then jejunum a few tropical and species of worm.
fairly common. eggs are hours after being subtropical Infections are
Ascariasis is the deposited on the swallowed. areas where generally treated
most common soil. sanitation and for 1–3 days.
roundworm hygiene are
infection. poor. Adult
worms live in
the lumen of
the small
intestine.

Trichinella Trichinellosis also Transmission of The infective Adult worms The normal The actual
spiralis called trichinosis Trichinella spiralis stage is the first and encysted niche of temperature that
results from only occurs stage (L1) larva larvae develop Trichinella kills the
roundworms through the which is found in within a single spiralis adults trichinella
(nematodes) consumption of striated muscle vertebrate was found to parasite is
from the genus animal meat cells of a wide host, and an be in the 137°F, which
Trichinella. It is a infected with range of hosts. infected animal epithelial layer happens to be
parasitic pathogenic cysts, Upon ingestion serves as a of the mucosa medium-rare.
infection. It is encasing T. of Trichinella- definitive host of the small But be
caused by spiralis larvae. infected muscle and potential intestine of its forewarned:
 consuming Natural hosts of tissue by a new intermediate host. Most Every iota of
undercooked or the pathogen host, larvae are host. A second worms were meat must hit
raw meat include rodents, released by the host is found in the that temperature
(usually pork). bears, dogs, and host digestive required to epithelium at to kill the
Trichinella even horses. processes. perpetuate the the base of parasite, and
spiralis species is life cycle of the villi and in cooking bear
the common Trichinella. the glandular meat to medium-
cause of human crypts. rare isn't a
disease by eating guarantee of
raw or that.
undercooked
pork.

Capillaria Capillariasis is a Once accidentally The complete The natural life As the name hepatica is a rare
philippinensis parasitic ingested by a lifecycle of C. cycle of C. suggests, infection and
infection cause human, the eggs philippinensis philippinensis Capillaria clinical
by two species of migrate to the involves the is believed to philippinensis experience is
nematodes, liver and mature passage of involve fish as is endemic in limited. Steroids
Capillaria to adult worms. unembryonated intermediate the Philippines have been used
hepatica, which Another route of eggs from the hosts, and and epidemics to help control
causes hepatic transmission is feces of infected fish-eating have occurred the inflammation
capillariasis, and through the definitive hosts. birds as in the of the liver. To
Capillaria decomposition of The eggs definitive Northern treat C.
philippinensis, infected animals embryonate in hosts. Humans Luzon region. philippinensis,
which causes via eggs in the the soil or water acquire C. The parasite is medications that
intestinal liver being and are ingested philippinensis also endemic can be used
capillariasis. released into the by an by eating small in Thailand, include
soil. C. intermediate fish species of and sporadic mebendazole
philippinensis is host. The egg infested fish cases have (200 mg twice a
often found in the hatches in the whole and been reported day for 20 days),
tissues of small, intestines of the raw. from other and albendazole
freshwater fish. fish and develops East and (400 mg a day
into an infective Southeast
 larva. Asian for 10 days).
countries.

Necator Hookworm is a Transmission of N. Americanus Necator N. americanus The most

americanus soil-transmitted N. americanus and A. americanus is primarily common
helminth (STH) larvae occurs duodenale eggs and found in treatment for N.
and is one of the through exposed can be found in Ancylostoma tropical and americanus
most common skin, by warm, moist soil duodenale. temperate infection are
roundworm of environmental where they will Ancylostoma areas. This benzimidazoles,
humans. acquisition from eventually hatch caninum parasite specifically
Infection is soil, feces, and into first stage primarily thrives in albendazole and
caused by the other larvae, or L1. L1, infects dogs, warmer mebendazole.
nematode contaminated the feeding non- but humans climates Benzimidazoles
parasites Necator surface . Vertical infective can be dead- because to kill adult worms
americanus and transmission rhabditoform end hosts that hatch, the by binding to the
Ancylostoma among neonates stage, will feed prevent the eggs require a nematode's β-
duodenale. is also possible. on soil microbes larvae from moist, warm, tubulin and
Hookworm and eventually completing and shaded subsequently
infections often molt into second their life cycle. environment. inhibiting
occur in areas stage larvae, L2. microtubule
where human polymerization
feces are used as within the
fertilizer or parasite.
where defecation
onto soil
happens.

Ancylostoma Ancylostomiasis Hookworm First, the Humans are The adult Anthelminthic
duodenale is infection with infection is Ancylostoma the definitive hookworms medications
the hookworm transmitted duodenale eggs hosts for both reside in the (drugs that rid
Ancylostoma primarily by are passed into Necator small the body of
duodenale or walking barefoot the feces of the americanus intestine-of parasitic worms),
Necator on contaminated host. Second, and man such as
 americanus. soil. One kind of the embryo Ancylostoma particularly in albendazole and
Symptoms hookworm passes via and duodenale. the jejunum, mebendazole,
include rash at (Ancylostoma develops within Ancylostoma less often in are the drugs of
the site of larval duodenale)can the feces. The caninum the choice for
entry and also be first stage primarily duodenum, treatment of
sometimes transmitted rhabditiform infects dogs, and rarely in hookworm
abdominal pain through the juvenile then but humans the ileum. ... infections.
or other ingestion of hatches once the can be dead- The adult Infections are
gastrointestinal larvae. egg is outside of end hosts that worms anchor generally treated
symptoms during the host. Next, prevent the the wall of the for 1-3 days. The
early infection. the filariform or larvae from small intestine recommended
Later, iron infective juvenile completing by their medications are
deficiency may develops after their life cycle. anterior ends. effective and
develop because two molts. appear to have
of chronic blood few side effects.
loss.

Prepared by:
Quiones, Leslie C. BSED-Science 3A
Student