Ha Duy Hung Céc bai thi Olympic Todn quée té CAC BAI THI OLYMPIC TOAN QUOC TE ff THANH TICH CUA DOI TUYEN VIET NAM (Tirnam 1959 dén 2004) Phién 202072005 Copyright 2005 © By HaDuy Hung and www.diendantoanhoe.net Tai ligu nay téc gid nhugng lai cho ban quan tri cla w gitrbin quyén. Bat cif hinh thiie sao chép la ‘thuong mai déu phai c6 su déng ¥ clia ban quan tr} mang vaHa Duy Hung Céc bai thi Olympic Todn quée té ‘Toisé khong bao gids quén me toi boi chinh ngudi da gieo va nudi duong nhing hat gidng dau tien eita edi thign 6 trong toi. Ngudi da md long toi true nhimg cam nhan vé thien nhién; ngudi da dinb thie hiéu biet cia toi va m6 rong chan trdi cia toi; va nhiing ldi day bao cita ngudi C6 Anh hudng khong ngimg len ca cude di toi.Ha Duy Hung Céc bai thi Olympic Todn quée té Mot i quY ude khi doe 1. DHKHTN Ha Noi : Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tir nhién Ha Noi DHSP Ha Noi: Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi THPT: Trung hoc Phé thong. v . IMO: International Mathematical Olympiad. HCV: Huy chuong Vang. HCB: Huy chuong Bac. HCD: Huy chuong Déng ged : Uée chung lén nat. a . lem: Boi chung bé nha. 10. AXY Z: Tam giée XYZ. 11. ab: achia hét cho b. 12. alba 1a wée cita b. 13. afb: Phan so $ 14. (a,5): Uée chung én nhat cia hai s6 a va b, 15, [x]: Phan nguyén cia sO thye «tie 18 sé nguyen 1én nhat khong vuot quar. 16, {27}: Phin 8 cia $6 thye ©, te 18 sO xe dinh bai ze — [ 17, per at tite WA ting 21 + ay beer tty 18. 9 cla n s6 nguyen duong diu tien, nghia 1+ 2++-n. 19, [[p ste te Fay + ny-+ 20. #, AB: Vector 7, vector AB. 21. [@|:Modul cia vector 7 22. Z, 2 Tap tat ca cdc s6 nguyen duong. 2 Tap tit ed cae s6 thu N: Taptat cd cde s6 nguyen khong am. 25. Q: Tap 26. (”) :Hé sé td hop. fc so hitu ty.Contents 1 Cude thi Olympic Toan qu 1.1K) thi Olympic Toan quée té. 1.2. Mot s6 thanh tich téng quan dang nhé cia doi tuyén Vigt Nam. « 1.3 Doi digu tan man . . 2 Cée bai thi Olympic Ton quéc té 2.1 Lan thit nhat, tai Bucharest, Romania, nam 1959... 6. eee eee ee 2.2. Léin thit hai, tai Bucharest, Romania, mim 1960. 0640 4seeeee ee 2.3. Lan thit ba, tai Hungary, nam 1961. . 2.4 Lain thit tu, tai Cong hoa Czechoslovakia, nam 1962 . . . 2.5. Lan thit nam, tai Wroclaw, Poland, nam 1963 2.6. Lain thit sdu, tai Moscow, USSR, nam 1964 . . . 27 Li 2.8 Lan thit tam, thi biy, tgi West Germany, nm 1965 6... ese e eee eee ee i Sophia, Bulgaria,nm 1966 2.2... eee eee ee 2.9 Lain thit chin, tai Cetinje, Yugoslavia nam 1967 . 2.11 Lan thit mudi mot, tai Romania, nam 1969... 2.12 Lan thit muti hai, 2.15 Léin thit mudi nam, tai Moscow, U.SS.R,nam 1973... 2.16 Léin thit mudi sdu, tai Erfurt, West Germany, nam 1974. 2.17 Lan thit mudi bay, tai Burgas, Bulgaria, nam 1975... . 2.18 Lan thit mudi tam, tai Linz, Austria,nim 1976 6... ee ee 2.19 Léin thit mudi chin, tai Belgrade, Yugoslavia,nam 1977.2... eee. 4nim 1978.22... 2. 2.21 Lan thit hai mui mot, tai London, United Kingdom, nam 1979. 6... + 2.22 Lain thit hai muoi hai, tai Washington D.C, USA, nam 1981 2.23 Lain thit hai muoi ba, tai Budapest, Hungary, nam 1982 2.24 Lan thit hai mui tu, tai Paris, France, nam 1983 2.25 Lan thit hai muoi nam, tai Prague, Czet 2.26 Lan thit hai muoi sa 2.27 Ln thit hai muoi bély, 2.28 Lan thi hai muoi tam, tai Havana, Cuba, nam 1987. . 2.29 Léin thit hai muoi chin, tai Canberra, Austr: taiJoutsa, Finland, nam 1985 2... 66... ee i Warsaw, Poland,nam 1986 ......----- ia, nam 1988 2.30 Lan thit ba muoi, tai Brunswick, West Germany, nim 1989 we . People's Republic of China, nam 1990 2.32 Lan thit ba mui hai, tai Sigtuna, Sweden,ndm 1991... 2.6. eee 2.31 Lan thit ba muoi mot, tai Bei 2.33 Lain thit ba mui ba, tai Moscow, U: 2.34 Lan thit ba muoi tu, tai Istanbul, Turkey, nam 1993 2.35 Lan thit ba muoi nam, tai Hong Kong, China, nam 1994 . 2.36 Lan thit ba mui su, tai North York, Canada, nam 1995 . 2.37 Lan thit ba muoi biy, tai Mumbai 2.38 Lan thit ba muoi tém, tai Mar del Plata, Argentina, nim 1997 .. 2... 2.39 Lan thit ba muoi chin, tai Taipei, Taiwan, nim 1998 . . . Bucharest, Romania, nam 1999 . . 2.41 Lan thit bon muoi mét, tai Taejon, Korean, nam 2000. . 2.42 Lan thit b6n muci hi 2001 2.43 Lan thit bon muoi ba, tai Glasgow, Scoland, United Kingdom, nim 2002 . 2.44 Lan thif bon mui b6n, tai Tokyo, Japan,nam 2003 2... ee. eee ee 2.45 Lan thit bn muoi nam, tai Athens, Greece, nim 2004.4... 00-245 i Washington D.C., United States of Ameri 3. Lai gidi cdc bai thi Olympic Todn Quéc té 3.1 Lain thé bon muoi nam, tai Athens, Greece, nam 2004 . « 46 48 50 52 53 56 57 59 61 63 66 69 7 B 76 79 19Chuong 1 Cuéc thi Olympic Toan quéc té 1.1 Ki thi Olympic Ton quéc té ‘Vaio nam 1959 theo sng kién cla Hoi Ton hoc Romania, ki thi Ton quéc té (IMO) chinh thite lin dau tin duge t6 chite tai thanh pho Bucharest cla Romania, Tren thye 1 ban du ki thi nay chi danh cho cic nude phe Xa hgi Chii nghifa, va Kin dau tign c6 bay nude tham gia Ia: Czechoslovakia (Tigp Khéc), Hungary, Poland (Balan), Romania, USSR (Lien XO), West Germany (Cong hod Dan chit Dic) va Yugoslavia (Nam Tu). Phai dgn sdu nam sau, te nam 1965 méi cé mot nude Phuong Tay dau tién tham gia ki thi ny va d IA Filand. Vigt Nam tham dy IMO Lin diu tién vio nam 1974, va c6 mot sit tring lap thi vi khi dé cting Ia nim ma United State of America (My) lin du tién tham gia IMO. Ngay trong lin di tign tham gia, nude ta da gay duge tigng vang lén tai ngay hoi Olympic todn hoc nay dé 1a doat mot huy chuong Vang, hai huy chuong Bac va mot huy chuong Déng. Thue té tren the gigi trong cdc nude khong tham du IMO lin dau tién vio nam 1959 06 I8 chi e Viét Nam va Trung Qué c6 duge thinh tich nay. Céch thie t6 chite ciia IMO ban diu 6 mots6 yu 16 chua én dinh, $6 bai todn thi trong cc ki thi IMO Lin thit nbat, nam 1959 16i nam 1962 thuing [a sau hode bay bai tosn. Chi bit du tir nam 1963 trédi s6 cde bai tosn trong mdi ki thi IMO la su bai duge déu cho hai ngay thi. Thang diém mdi bai todn thuéng dao dong tir 4 diém cho dén 7 digm va s6 diém t6i da tinh cho dén hét IMO nam 1979 1a 40 é thit hai muoi hai, nam 1981thi s6 diém t6i da mdi bai todn luon 1a 7 diém, va s6 digm t6i da 6 thé dat duge sau hai ngiy thi 1a 42 diém, Nam 1980 vi nhiing Ifdo chinh tri IMO di khong thé dién ra. Ban dau ban t6 chife chi cong bé gidi theo thé thite : Giai nhit, gidi hi, gidi ba va Khuycn khich. Vé sau nay dé ding véi tinh than Olympic da di thinh Huy chuong Vang, Bac, Déng, Bang khen hode gidy chimg nhan da tham gia IMO. Khi cudc thi IMO méi duge t6 chtic, mdi nude duge phép cit dén tam thi sinh tham du cude thi, Nam 1982 mi nude chi duge eit dén bon thanh vien, nhung vio nam 1983 thi 86 thinh vien mi dOi lai duge phép tang dén sdu va ké tit dé dén nay s6 thank vien 161 dama méi duge cit dén luon 1a s4u. Céc thf sinh tham dy IMO khong due vuot qué so tu6i 20 va nhimg ngudi dugc tham gia IMO bude phai I nhiing hoc sinh durge do tao & ‘trong nude (tite Ia néu nhur ban dang hoe phé thong & nuéie ngodi, ban sé khong duge dai 6IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 7 dign cho dat nut ciia minh dé tham gia IMO). Bén canh dé so lin tham dy IMO cing khong hé han ché, mién Ia anh dang hoc bac trung hoe phé thong, Nhiing ngudi tham dur IMO ciing khong nhat thiet phai dai dign cho mot dat nuée no ma anh ta hodn toan c6 thé gitidon vA tham dy tu do va diém s6 ciing sé duige tinh rieng biet, Dé co lé cing fa li do tai sao cho dén nay tong s6 diém mi doin c6 durge sau méi ki IMO lai khong dese thong ke chinh thic. Sau day 1a mot vai thong tin xung quanh céc ki thi IMO da dién ra 1959. IMO duoc té chite tai Bucharest cla Romania. Cé biy nude tham du. 1960. IMO duge té chite tai Bucharest ca Romania. Cé nim nude tham du. 1961. IMO duge de tai Hungary, Cé su nude tham du nam duy nhat y Grigorig Margulisda danh huy chong Bac cho doi tuyén U.S.S.R (Lien X0), ngudi sau nay a dinh dugc Giai thug Fields nam 1983. 1962. 1963. IMO duoc té chite tai Wroclaw, Poland. Cé tam nude tham dy. 1964, IMO duye té chite tai Moscow, U.S.S.R. Cé chin nude tham dy. 1965. IMO dutge t6 chife tai Berlin, East Germany. C6 muti nuéc tham du. 1966. IMO durge t6 chitc tai Sofia, Bulgaria. C6 chin nuée tham dy. Laszlo Lovasz va Jozsef Pelikan 18 hai thi sinh cing tham dy bon ki IMO va méi ngudi trong ho ‘mang vé cho doi tuyén Hungary ba huy chyong Vang va mét huy chyong Bac. 1967. IMO duge t6 chite tai Cetinje, Yugoslavia, C6 muti ba nude tham dy. Simon Norton doat huy chuong Vang cho di tuyén United Kingdom (U.K) ngay trong lin dau tham dy IMO, 1968. IMO duge 1969. IMO duge t6 che tai Bucharest ciia Romania, C6 musi bén nude tham dy. Simon Norton tri thanh ngudi du tien doat ba huy chuong Vang IMO cho doi tuyén U.K. Vladimir Drinfel'd dinh mot huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén U.S.S.R, ngudi sau nay danh duge gidi thudng Fields nam 1990, 1970. IMO duge 1971. IMO due t6 chie tai Zilina, Czechoslovakia. Cé muti nim nuée tham dy. Day 1a in thet nim Wolfgang Burmeister tham dy IMO, Anh da danh cho doi tuyén East Germany ba huy chuong Vang va hai huy chuong Bac, 1972. IMO duge 1973. IMO duge hite tai Moscow, U. nuéc tham du. SR. Cécl nde tai Keszthely, Hungary, C6 mutsi bon nue tham du. hite tai Torun, Poland. Cé muti nam nude tham du. hitc tai Moscow, U.S.S.R. C6 muti su nude tham dy.IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 8 tai Berlin, East Germany. C6 muti séu nude tham du. Da nam ma Jean-Christof Yoccoz danh duge huy chong Vang, ngudi sau nay danh due gidi thuéng Fields nam 1994. Day fa nam ma doi tuyén Viet Nam va U.S.A Jan dau tien tham dy IMO. 1975. IMO duge t6 chite tai Burgas, Bulgaria. C6 muti bay nude tham du. 1976. IMO duge té chite tai Linz, Austria. C6 mudi chin nude tham dy. 1977. IMO due t6 chite tai Belgrade, Yugoslavia, C6 hai mui nuée tham dy, Day 1a nam ma Richard Boreherds danh duge huy chuong Bac cho doi tuyén U.K, ngudi a danh duge gidi thudng Fields nam 1998. Peter Shor dng duge huy chuong Bac cho doi tuyén USA va anh dnh duge gidi thudng Nevanlinna nam 1998. 1978. IMO duge t6 chite tai Bucharest, Romania, C6 mutbi bly nutéc tham du. 1979, IMO duge 16 chite tai London, U.K. Cé hai mui ba nuéc tham dy. Alexander Razborov dinh due huy chuomg Vang cho di tuyén U.S.S.R. Anh danh duge gid thudng Nevanlinna nam 1990. 1980. Khong t6 chite thi IMO. 1981. IMO duoc té chite tai Washington, DC, USA. Cé hai muoi béy nude tham du. Timothy Gowers danh dugc huy chwong Vang cho doi tuyén U.K.,va danh duoc gidi thudng Fields nim 1998. Day [8 nam dau tien ma Canada tham due IMO. 1982. IMO dug t6 chit tai Budapest, Hungary. C6 ba muoi nude tham dy. 1983. IMO duoc t6 chiic tai Paris, France. C6 ba mui hai nude tham dy. 1984. IMO dug t6 chite tai Prague, Czechoslovakia. C6 ba muoi tu nude tham du. 1985, IMO duve t6 chit tai Joutsa, Finland. C6 ba muoi tim nude tham dy. 1986. IMO dug té chit tai Warsaw, Poland. Cé ba muoi bély nude tham du. 1987. IMO duye t6 chite tai Havana, Cuba. C6 bén muoi hai nude tham du. 1988. 1989, hfe tai Brunswick, Germany. C6 nam muoi hai nude tham dir, Neo 1a thi sinh dau tién dnb hai huy chong Vang cho d9i tuyén Vigt Nam. in th nam Martin Harterich tham dy IMO, anh da danh duge ba buy chuong Vang, mot huy chuong Bac va mot huy chuong Déng cho doi tuyén West Germany. Serge} Ivanov dnh duge chiée huy chung Vang thit ba ciia minh cho doi tuyén USSR1990. 1991, 1992. 1993, 1994, 1995. 1996. 1997, IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 9 IMO duoc t6 chite tai Beijing, China. C6 nam muoi tu nude tham dy. Andrew McMurry 18 thi sinh dautien danh huy chyong cho doi tuyén Ireland. IMO due 16 chite tai Sigtuna, Sweden. C6 nam mui nam nude tham du. Theodor Banica danh chiée huy chong Vang thi ba ciia minh cho doi tuyén Romania. Evgenija Malinnikova dinh duge chige huy chuong Vang thif ba ciia minh cho doi tuyén U.SS.R. Chi [8 thi sinh nit duy nat cho dén nay danh ba huy chuong Vang IMO. IMO due té chite tai Moscow, U.S.S.R. Cé nam muoi séu nude tham dy. Trinidad and Tobago va South Africa lan dau tién tham dy IMO. IMO due 16 chite tai Istanbul, Turkey. C6 bay mui ba nude tham dye, Macedonia lin dau tien tham dy IMO véi doi tuyén chi gém bén ngudi ty nhién da danh duge ba huy chuong Bac, Moldovia lin diu tién tham dir IMO. IMO duge t6 chic tai Hong Kong. Cé séu mui chin nude tham dy. Tai IMO Kin nay da c6 30 huy chuong Vang, 63 huy chuong Bac, 102 huy chuong Déng duge trao, Day 1A nim dau tign trong lich str tén tai etia IMO tt c& cae thanh vien ciia mot 0i tuyén danh duges6 diém 161 da, 42 diém. Doi tuyén da lap len ki tich nay 1a di tuyén U.S.A véi céc thanh vien cia d0i 18 Jeremy Bem, Aleksandr Khazanov, Jacob Shazeer, Stephen Wang, va Jonathan Weinstein. Oleg Alexandrov kin jén dinh huy chuong cho doi tuyén Moldavian (HCB). Nasko Karamanov 12 ngui dau tién dinh huy chuong Bac cho doi tuyén Macedonian IMO duge 16 chite tai North York, Canada, C6 bly muoi ba nude tham dy. Day 1a nam ma c6 s6 céc thf sinh dogt huy chuong Vang véi s6 diém 161 da nhiéu nhat: Nikolay Nikolov (Bulgaria), Song Liu (China), Cheng Chang (China), Chen- chang Zhu (China), Mihaly Barasz. (Hungary), Peter Burcsi (Hungary), Egmont Koblinger (Hungary), Maryam Mirzakhani (Iran), Sug-woo Shin (South Korea), Dragos Oprea (Romania), Ciprian Manolesco (Romania), Ovi nia), Serguei Norine (Russia), and Ngo Die Tuan (Vigt Nam), Hungary 18 ba dat nude e6 ba thi sinh dai dign doat s6 diém t6i da, Nikolai Nikolov Hin thi ba doat huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Bulgaria, Lukito Muliadi 1a thi sinh du tign doat huy churong cho doi tuyén Indonesia. IMO dutge t6 chic tai Mumbai India, C6 bly mui nam nude tham dy. Ciprian Manolesco (Romania) [a thi sinh duy nit dat so diém 161 da tai IMO Kin nay. Sachiko Nakajima 18 thi sinh nit dau tign dai dign cho d0i tuyén Japan tham dy IMO, ‘Yulij Samikov nh duge chiée huy chuong Vang thi ba cho doi tuyén Ukraine. IMO due t6 chite tai Mar del Plata, Argentina, C6 tim muti hai nuée tham du. Da c6 39 huy chwtong Vang, 70 huy chuong Bac, va 122 huy chung Déng duive trao, Ki thi nay ¢6 bon thi sinh doat s6 diém toi da la Carl Bosley (USA), Do Quoc Anh (Vietnam), Eaman Eftekhari (Iran), va Ciprian Manolescu (Romania). Ciprian Manolescu lin thit ba danh huy chong Vang cho doi tuyén Romania, Bruce Merry 12 thi sinh dau tign cia South African va thi sinh thit hai ciia African danh duge huy1998. 1999, 2000. 2001 2002. 2003, IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té chuong Vang. Anh da tham gia IMO nam Lin va bén Lin danh duge huy chung, Sachiko Nakajima 18 nit thi sinh dau tien dai dién cho doi tuyén Japan dinh huy chuong Vang. IMO due t6 chic tai Taipei, Taiwan. C6 bly mui s4u nutée tham du, Ba c6 37 huy chung Vang, 67 huy chuong Bac va 102 huy chuong Déng duge trao, Omid Amini (Iran) 18 thi sinh duy nhat doat s6 diém ti da tai IMO Kin nay. Melanie ‘Wood 1a nit thi sinh di tign ciia U.S.A tham dy IMO va danh duge buy chong Bac. Nikolai Dourov lin thit ba danh huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Russia. Ivan Ivanov Lin thi ba danh huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Bulgaria, William Ted Blackwell IT danh huy chuong Bac va tré thanh thi sinh diiu tién cla Trinidad and Tobago danh due huy chuong, Oscar Felipe Bernal Pedraza tréthinh thi sinh dau tian dinh huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Colombia. IMO dupe t6 chite tai Bucharest, Romania, C6 tam mutoi mét nude tham dy. Ba 6 38 huy chuong Vang, 70 huy chuong Bac va 118 huy chuong Déng duge trao. Romania tré thanh dat nuée diu tién nam Lin dang cai IMO. Céc thi sinh doat sé digm cao nht tai IMO lan nay 12 Tamés Terpai (Hungary), Stefan Laurentiu Homet (Romania), va Maksym Fedorchuk (Ukraine) cing duge 39 diém. Tamés Terpai iin thit ba dnh huy chuomg Vang cho doi tuyén Hungary. Geoffrey Chu tré thinh, thisinh dau tign doat huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Australian, Raja Mukherji td thanh thi sinh du tign dnb hai huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Ireland, IMO duge 16 chite tai Taejon, Korea, C6 tém muti hai nude tham dur, Ba c6 39 huy chuong Vang. 71 huy chang Bac va 119 huy chong Déng duge trao. Tat ei inh cla doi tuyén China dnh duage huy chung Vang dé la Zhiwei Yun, iu, Xin Li, Qihui Zhu, Xinyi Yuan, va Zhongtao Wu. Nhimg thi sinh doat s6 digm t6i da 18: Alexandr Usnich (Belarus), Zhiwei Yun (China), Alexei Poiarkov (Russia), vi Alexandre Gaifoulline (Russia), Kentaro Ni anh huy chuong Vang cho doi tuyén Japan. Vladimir Dremov danh chiée huy chuong Vang thif ba cho dgi tuyén Russia, Reid Barton danh ba huy chuong Vang cho doituyén USA IMO due té chic tai Washington, DC, USA. C6 tm mug ba nuée tham dy. IMO duoc té chitc tai Glasgow, Scotland, UK. Cé tam muni tu nude tham dy. IMO duge t6 chic tai Tokyo, Japan, C6 tém mui hai nude tham du va hai nude agi quan sat vien v6i tng s6 457 thé sinh tham dy, Da c6 35 huy chung Vang 66 huy chong Bac va 100 huy chuong Déng duge trao, Day 1a nam ma dodn Vigt Nam dan duge hai huy chuong Vang véi s6 diém t6i da. }. IMO duoc té chite tai Athens Greece. C6 tém mui nam nude tham du. Lain dau tien Vict Nam danh duve bén huy chuong Vang tai mot ki ciia IMO. 10di IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té én 1.2. Mot sé thanh tich tong quan dang nhé cua doi tu Viét Nam Sau day 1A mét vai thong tin c4 nhan dang nhé cia doi tuyén Viet Nam tai thi IMO ¢ Hoang Lé Minh, hoc sinh ciia trumg DHKHTN Ha Ne tien doat huy chuong Vang tai mot ki thi cia IMO. Ja hoc sinh Viet Nam dau ¢ Phan Vii Diém Hang, hoc sinh cia trung DHKHTN Ha Noi 1a hoc sinh nit Viet ‘Nam dau tién tham gia IMO (IMO 1975 tai Bulgaria). ¢ Le Ba Khanh Trinh, hoc sinh trang Quoc hoe Hué, 18 hoe sinh Vigt Nam dau tién doat huy chung Vang véi s6 diém t6i da, Anh ciing 1a ngudi duy nhit ciia Viet Nam 6 duge edi dip tai mot ki IMO: Huy chuong Vang IMO, va gi dic bit danh cho ngudi die dio, ¢ Nguyén Héng Thai, hoc sinh trudng THPT Chu Van An 1 hoe sinh Vigt Nam dau tien duge trao gidi hoe sinh tré tudi nhat tham du IMO (Anh doat huy chuong Déng nam 1978) ¢ Le Tu Quée Thang 1a hoe sinh diu tin cia trudmg THPT Le Hong Phong, Thanh pho Hé Chi Minh doat huy chuong Vang IMO véi so diém ti da. ¢ Dim Thanh Son l& hoc sinh dau tién ciia trudng DHKHTN doat huy chuong Vang IMO véi s6 diém ti da. tham dy IMO (doat hai huy chuong Bac). @ Ngo Bao Chau, hoc sinh trutng DHKHTN Ha Noi 1& hoc sinh Viet Nam dau tign i lin doat huy chuong Vang IMO, Hién anh dang gitt ki luc 1a ngu’i Viet Nam c6 téng sé diém qua cac ki IMO tham du cao nhat 42+ 40 = 82 diém. truéng DHKHTN Ha No i cc ki IMO. Anh ¢ Dio Hai Long, hoe si ‘Nam thit hai 1g 86 digm tai hoe sinh gui 6 ic Tuan, hoc sinh tru’ng DHKHTN Ha Noi l& hoe sinh in doat huy chuong Ving tai cdc ki thi IMO. Anh la ngudi tai céc ki thi IMO cao thit ba v6i 42-37 = 79 diém, Nam thé ba t6ng s6 diém ¢ DS Quang Yen, hoc sinh trudng THPT Lam Son, 14 hoc sinh diiu tign cia tinh uldj IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 12 ¢ Vii Ngoc Minh [a hoc sinh dau tién cia truémg DHSP Ha Noi, va Ia hoc sinh Viet ‘Nam thit tu hai lin doat huy chuong Vang IMO (tai cc IMO2001 va IMO2002), ¢ Lé Hing Viet Bao Ia hoc sinh thit nam ciia Vigt Nam hai lin doat huy chuong, ‘Vang IMO (tai cic IMO 2003 va IMO2004). Nhimg thi sinh ciia doi tuyén Viet Nam da timg doat huy chuong Vang IMO v6i sé diém téi daz 1. Lé Bé Khanh Trinh, hoc sinh truéng Quéc hoc Hué tai IMO 1979. 2. Lé Ty Quéc Thang hoc sinh truéng THPT Lé Héng Phong, Hé Chi Minh, tai IMO. 1982. 3. Dam Thanh Son, hoc sinh truing DHKHTN Ha Noi, tai IMO 1984. , tai IMO 1988. 5. Dinh Tién Cudng, hoc sinh tru’ng DHSP Ha Noi, tai IMO 1989. 4. Ngo Bao Chau, hoc sinh truing DHKHTN Ha No 6. Ngo Diic Tusin, hoe sinh trutng DHKHTN Ha Noi, tai IMO 1995 7. DS Quée Anh, hoc sinh tru’ng DHKHTN Ha Noi, 8. LeHing ai IMO 1997. iét Bao, hoc sinh truing DHKHTN Ha Noi, tai IMO 2003. 9, Nguyén Trong Cinh, hoe sinh trang DHSP Ha Noi, tai IMO 2003. ‘Mot s6 thanh tich dac biét khae: 1. Trudng DHKHTN Ha NOi 1a trudng du tien c6 hai hoe sinh doat huy chuong Vang trong cling mot ki thi IMO. Dén nay trudng DHKHTN di lap lai duge thanh ti ny ba Kin tai IMO 1995, 1996 va 2004. Dac bigt nam 2000 DHKHTN Ha No con Ip mot cai hatrick cuc ki xudt se: ¢6 ba hoc sinh cing doat huy chuong Vang IMO. v DHSP Ha Ne thi IMO (tai IMO 2002). inh doat huy chuong Vang tai mot ki 3. Nam 1978 la nam dau tién Vit Nam cé tlt cd céic hoc sinh tham dy IMO déu doat ii chinh thie. 4, Nam 198918 nam dai tign Vigt Nam c6 hai hoc sinh doat huy chuong Vang IMO, 5, Nam 1999 1& nam déu tien Viet Nam xép hang thit ba, thit hang cao nha tit truée én nay cia ta tai IMO. 6. Nam 1999 Lin diiu tign Vigt Nam c6 ba hoe sinh ciing doat huy chong Vang tai IMO.é 13 IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn qu 7. Nam 2002 lin dau tign Vigt Nam e6 bon hoe sinh ciing doat huy chuong Vang tai IMO. 8. Nam 2003 lin du tien Viet Nam c6 hai hoe sinh doat huy chuong Vang véi cing s6 diém toi da. Trong cdc dé thi IMO duge tinh bly duéi day, nam nao 6 Vigt Nam tham dy ching 16 sé dua them céc thong tin vé thinh vién doi tuyén, digm s6, huy chong doat duge dé ban doc tham khdo them. ! 1.3 Doi diéu tan man Nhin vio nhiing thong tin tren day chiing ta c6 thé thay due chudi nhiig thinh cong vang doi clia do tuyén Olympic Tosin quée gia Viet Num qua ede ngiy hoi elia IMO. C6 rat nhiéu cau hoi nguyén nhan no Vigt Nam, Cé niéu y kién duge dua ra, trong dé tham chi o6 lin t0i da doc mot bai béo ca tung doin IMO cia Hong Kong nam 2003 cho ring ¢6 Ié 1a do Viet Nam duge thira huGng su cong tic gitip do vé Giso duc va Dio tgo tir trude day ciia Lien X6 cd, ‘mot dait nude c6 thinh tich rat xuat sic 6 IMO. Nhumg chiing ta hay nhé lai rang tir rat sém nutée ta da ¢6 he thong dao tao mai nhon, 6 dé cdc l6p chuyén Todn, danh cho cde hoc sinh c6 nang khiéu Todn dic bigt duge {4p trung boi dung nang cao cdc kién thite vé toan cho cdcem. Chinh gido duc mii nhon, fa tién dé co ban va 1a nguyén nhan chinh dain dén chudi nhimg thanh cong chéi loi cia doi tuyén Viét Nam tai céc ngay hoi cla IMO. Tuy mhign c6 thé khang dinh rang céc than tich thi IMO khong phan anh duge lugng day va hoc Toan Viet Nam, Digu ndy eiing fa chuyén duong nhien bai thue myc dich eiia phong trio Olympic Ton hoc 1A khuyén khich con ngudi ta hoc Todn chinh, bén canh d6 18 tao ra moi trudng giao lu gitfa hoc sinh céc nutée c6 cing sé thich. chit khong phai 18 dé phat hién va ton vinh nhiing anh ti Toan hoc. Hiéu don gin thé nay, anh tham gia mot mén thi Olympic nao dé: Toan hoc, Bong da, Maraton, ... , thi ciing da duge ngudi ta tuyén chon ti truéc, kha ning ciia anh duge chon c6 thé xuat sac, c6 thé khong nhung quan trong nhat 1a phai phi: hop nhat véi cud thi tuong tmgma anh sé tham gia. Khong thé nio mot van dng vien béng chay, khong biet mo té gi vé bong 4 lai chonanh ta di thi da béng, cing nhu mot vi Gidost Toan hoc xusitsic gidi thi ede baitodn IMO vGi hoe sinh e6 himg thi véi ki thinay. ét bai mot cd nhan, Chinh tai c6 ba vain dé sau day Tai igu nay vin dang trong qué trinh hodn than va né duge v Vi thé ma sé khong thé trinh duge nhimg sai s6t dang tie. Hi ma tai ligu nay c6 thé sé mac phai 1. Thanh tich ciia doi tuyén Viet Nam tai céc ki thi IMO; rit 06 thé cin c6 mot s6 thong tin chua chinh xéc 6 day va rat mong céc ban gitip do néu c6 thé. "Cae thong tin nay ben canh mot s6 tai ligu tham khéo khéec, tée gid e6 tham khao bai viet rat bd ich cita Thay gido TS. Nguyén Viet Hai dang trong [8], chi tiét xin moi xem [9]é ‘on so xu. 3. Cong vige bign soan Idi gidi cde bai thi & IMO héu nhurt0i chua thyc hign duge 21. Hign tai t0i da hon thinh song Idi gidi tat ed cic bai thi IMO nam 2004 va Sip hon thanh nam 2003, Cac nam cdn lai néu ban no c6 ¥ dinh gitip 46 thi ede ban lu ¥ 18 nén bién soan bang file Tex hodic bign soan bing céc file TXT (hoe Word) nhung ding ngon ngit Tex va font ting Viet ABC. Day IA phien bin thit hai cha ti ligu nay va duge hodn thanh vao ngdy 02/07/2005. Phién ban méi ciia fi ligu nay néu khong cé gi thay di sé dugc updated vao cudi thang bay ‘nam 2005, khoang mot tudn sau khi IMO 2005 dign ra. Moi déng g6p xin giti vé dia chi Email: pluricomplex.amath@yahoo.com Digu cui cing ma toi mudi ban 6 day, 18 néu ban thich IMO hay tham gia va néu that bai diéu dé cting gidng nhu vige ban khong thé an keo khi dang dau rang, Toi chwa timg duge biét dn huong vi IMO, nhung t0i thay thich va quan tam dén né cho dii da qua roi cai tuéi duge tham du ngay hoi may. Vige viet thi ligu nay khong nm ngoai nhing am huting néi tren. Toi hy vong qua day ede ban sé c6 due mot sum tap diy dii va chinh. xiic cdc bai todin thi & IMO qua dé c6 thé sir dung nhur mot cdim nang nh’im cai thign kha nang ciia minh hode don giin la dé giai tri. Bang ra nén 6 Idi gidi hon chinh cho cdc bai ton, nhung cong vige bién soan stu tim céc Idi gidi 1A rat mat thoi gian, cong site i h6i ti ligu phi mang tinh Khoa hgc va Gido duc cao chit khong thé Kim theo kiéu mi an lign nhu tinh trang viet sch hign nay, Tuy thé hy vong trong tuong lai, tac gi han duge sir cong tac tir phfa cae ban dé ching ta c6 thé thuc hign duge diéu trén, Cui cling néu cdc ban chi doc tai ligu nay trén may tinh, cdc ban nén cdi Adobe Acrobat 6.0 Professional hodc mugn han bai cae phién bin nay sé cho phép thi ligu trong duge sng siia va dep hon cdc phien bin truée d6.? i Tigu may duge soan thao bang MikTex 4Chuong 2 Cac bai thi Olympic Toan quéc té 2.1 Lan thir nhat, tai Bucharest, Romania, nam 1959 1. Ching minh ring phan s6 ee 2In+4 Mn +3 18 t6i gidn v6i moi s6 tw nhien n. # 2. Vai gid tri thuc nao ciia x thi biéu thie sau v+ 2c =1+ e—V2r—1 thoa man (6 day ta higu ring mots6 thue Mfy duge can bac hai thi sé d6 phai khong am) 3. Cho cde s6 thye a, b, e. Xét phutong trinh bac hai doi véi acos? x +beosx-+-e=0 Sir dung cfc $6 a,b va c hy dung mot phuog tinh bac hai doi v6i cos 2 ma e6 12 nghiém véi phuong trinh ban diu. So sénh cdc phutong trinh theo cos. va cos 2r khi ma a =4,b=2vae=~—1 4. Dung mot tam gide vudng véi canh huyén ¢ sao cho trung tuyén vé xuéng canh huyén bang trung binh cOng cia hai canh ben ciia tam gide. 'Chii thich cia ngudi dich: Phan s6 hitu ty © trong dé a,b € 2 duoc goi A t6i gidn néu hai sO a.va.b khong c6 uéc chung nguyen done {én hon 1 nao. 15IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 16 5. Mot diém M tuy ¥ duge lay ben trong doan thang AB. MCD va MBEF duoc dung tren cing nita mat phang ba AB, v6i céc doan thing AM, MB Jam canh tuong tg. Cac duéng tron ngoai ti¢p cdc hinh vudng dé véi ca tm la P va Q giao nhau Gdiém M va déng thai tai mot diém NV, Goi N" 1a diém giao ca hai dung thing AF va BC. (a) Chimg minh ring ede diém N va N" tring nhau. (b) Chimg minh ring cdc dudng thin MN di qua mot diém thude vao si lua chon cia digm M. $ khong phu (©) Hay xéc dinh quy tich cia trung diém cia doan thing PQ khi ma M thay déi gitta hai diém A va B. 6. Hai mat phing () va (Q) cat nhau theo giao tuyén (p). Mot diém A duge lay tren (P) va mot diém C’ duge lay trén (Q) sao cho ching khong nim trén (p). Dung mothinh thoi ABCD voi AB song song vai C’D sao cho mot dudng tron 6 thé ndi tiépduge va véi céc dinh B va D nam trong cdc mat phang (P) va (Q), 2.2. Lan thit hai, tai Bucharest, Romania, nam 1960 1. Hay xc dinh tat cd cde so N’ 6 ba chit s6 sao cho V chia hét cho 11 va sé bang tng cia tat cd cdc binh phutong cia cae chit s6 ciia NV. v Véi nhiing gid tri thye no cita x sao cho bit 7 bang nhau. Ta kihi¢u a 1a s6 do cla géc tai dinh A cha tam giéc con nim & chinh gitfa, Chimg minh ring tga= ino AABC véid6 ddi cde duimg cao ting véi dinh A va B lah, vay ia trung tuyén xuat phat tir AIA ma. 4, Dungtam gid cho trude, d6 5, Xét hinh lap phuong ABCD.A'B'C'D! (6 d6 mat ABCD dinh huéng nbu 1 mat A'BIC'D' (a) Tim qui tich céc trungdigm cia doan thing XY 6 d6 X 1a mot digm bat ki mot diém bat ki trén B'D’6. 2.3 IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 7 xiic dinh quy tich ede diém Z nim trén doan thing X a) véi ZY =2XZ. Cho mot hinh nén tron xoay ngoai tiép mot hinh edu (hinh céu may tig xtic v6i ca day cia nén). Mot inh tru trdn xoay noi tigp hinh céiu néi trén sao cho mot trong hai day ciia hinh tru nim trén day ciia hinh nén, Kf higu V; 18 thé tich cla nén va Vj Bi thé tich cia hinh tru (a) Ching minh ring Vj # Va. (b) Hay xdc dinh s6 & bé nhat ma Vi = AV). Trong tnutng hgp k: tim duge hay dung g6e 66 dinh géc 12 dinh nén va gée dé truong mot doan 1a duding kinh ciia day hinh nén. 2 Mot hinh thang can ABCD v6i 6 dai duémg cao la h. fe day c6 do dai cho truée 18 AB =a vaCD = b, (a) Trén true d6i xting cla hinh thang 46, hy xdc dinh tat ef ede diém P sao cho ZAPD = ZBPC = 90". (b) Hay xéc dinh diéu kign sao cho cde diém P nhur trén 1a t6n tai (ch ¥ hay bign lun tat ed ede kha nang c6 thé xity ra. Lan thit ba, tai Hungary, nam 1961 . Gidi he phuong trinh sau day 6.46 a va b 1A cae hing sO thyc. Hay xéc dinh digu kign cilia a va b dé nghi¢m (x,y, 2) cla he thod man x, y, 2 1A.cdc s6 thye duong phan bigt. . Cho a, b va ¢ 1a dé dai ba canh ciia mot tam gidc c6 dién tich 1a F. Chimg minh ring 6 46.718 mot s6 tye Mhién cho trude. Giai phuong trinh cos? = sin" « Xét tam gide AP;P2P; va mot diém P nim ben trong tam gide d6. Cac dudmg thing PP, PP; va PP, cit cdc canh doi dign tai cde diém twong img la Qy, Qo va Qs. Chiing minh rng trong ba s6 PP PP. PQ” PQ PQs 3c clin dung & day thyc chat chinb la g6e tao boi hai dudng sinh, ma hai dudng sinh nay ct day tai hai diem la hai du mut cba mot dung kinh & day nén.dj IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 18, C6 it nhat mot s6 khong Ién hon hai v: it nhat mot so khong nhé hon hai. 5, Hay dung mot tam gide AABC biét ring AC =b, AB =cva AM 1a trung diém cia doan thing BC vaa< 90°. ‘Ching minh ring bai toan lun 6 ft nhat mot nghigm hinh khi va chi khi bt gS < ¢ Say Ching minh ring a; = ay = On. 4, Hay tim nghigm 2), 2», 15.:°4,.r5 clia he phuong trinh sau day yr, yrt2 Yrs yrs 6 d6y [4 mot tham s6 thy. 5. Chting minh ring 6. Nam sinh vien A, B,C, D, E tham gia vio mot cude thi. Cé ngudi da tien doan ring \0c thi theo thi ty la ABCDE. Tuy nhien diéu nay lai khong diing. Tren thyc té thi khong c6 thi sinh no két thite cude thi véi vi tri ‘mA ngudi dé da tién doin, va khong c6 hai thi sinh mio duge dy doan Ia sé két tic lien ti¢p nhau lai thanh sur that, Mot ngudi khac tién doin rang cdc thi sinh sé két thie theo thit ty la DAECB. Thue té thi Idi tién doan nay c6 doi chit t6t hon, Cé diing hai thi sinh da ket thiie theo thé ty cita Idi tign dodn thi hai, va hai cap roi nhau cc sinh vign duge tién doan la sé ket thi lien ti¢p tren thue t da xdy ra digu d6. Hay xéc dinh thir ty két thi cia cdc thi sinh tham du cugc tl2.6 1 v 6. 2.7 . Trong mat pl IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 20 Lan thit s4u, tai Moscow, USSR, nam 1964 (a) Hay xc dinh tat cd cdc s6 nguyen dong n saocho 2" — 1 chia hét cho 7. (b) Ching minh ring khong cé so nguyén duong n nao thod man 2" + 1 chia hét cho 7. Giasit ring @, b, 18 do dai ba canh cia mot tam gide. Ching minh ring @%(b+e—a) +P(c-+a—b) + 2(a+b—e) < 3abe ‘Mot during tron noi tip tam giée ABC véi do dai ba canh cita n6 18 a,b,c. Dung -4c tiép tuyén t6i dung trdn song song véi cdc canh cita tam giée. Méi dudng thing trong ching déu cat ra mot tam. tirtam gide AABC. Trong mdi tam. gide dé mot du’ng tron noi tip dugc dumg. Hay xéc dinh tng dign tich cia bon dung tron ngi tigp néi trén theo a, b,c Cémudi biy ngudi lién Lac voi nhau qua email, mdi ngudi déu viet thu cho nhimg ngudi cin lai, Trong cde bite thur cla ho c6 ba chii dé duye dua ra thao luan, Mi cap chi thao lugn v6i nhau ding mot vain dé. Ching minh ring c6 ft nhait ba ngudi maciing thio lun véi nhau vé mot vain dé. ig cho nam diém thod man ring khong cé hai dudng thing nao trong 86 cdc duéng thang néi cac diém trong ching lai song song, vudng géc, hoac tring nhau. Tirmdi digm, cdc dung vudng géc duge vé t6i tate cdc dung thang noi bon digm cin Iai, Hay xdc dinh sé én nhait cde giao diém ma cae dubng vudng 26¢ d6 6 thé tao ra, Trong tit dien ABCD, dinh D duoc noi v6i Do la trong tam cia tam gide AABC. Céc dudng thang song song véi D Dy dugc ké qua cae diém A, B va C’. Che dung thing dé cét mat phing (BCD), (CAD) va (ABD) tai cdc diém Aj, By va C) tuiong ting. Chimg minh rang thé tich cia ABCD bang mot phain ba thé tich ca A, B,C; Dp. Két qua con dting khong néu diém Dj due chon bat ki trong tam gide AABC 2. Lan thit bay, tai West Germany, nam 1965 Hay xac dinh tat cd ede gid tri trong doan 0 < x < 27 thoa man bat ding thite eos. < |VT+ sin 2x — VI—sin 2x} < v2. .Xét he phutong trinh sau day Ay21 + Ait +Ar3t3 = 0 dy) + O32 + dagt3 3121 + dg2t2 + A333 = 0 I °2.8 1 v IMO: Céchai thi Olympic Todn quéc té 21 v6i ‘Ac bign din tim 18.2) 79,03, Cée h@ s6 tho’ man diéu kign sau day: (a) 431, 029, d33 Ia ede 86 dong; (b) cdc hé s6 cdn lai 12 am; (©) trong méi phutong trinh, téng cita cdc he s6 1A duong. Ching minh ring he da cho chi cé nghigm duy nat 1a Cho ti dign ABCD véicdc canh 1a AB va CD 6 d@ dai lin Juot 18 a va b twong mg. Khoing au AB va CD lad va g6c gitta ching la w. Té dign ABCD duge chia thinh hai hinh chép bai mat phing (c), song song véi cc dudg thing AB va C’D. Ty s6 gitta khong céch etia e tit AB va CD Ia bing k. Hay tinh ty s6 cita thé tich cba hai hinh chép nhan duge. Hay xéc dinh tat cd bo bon s6 thye 79, :r5,.r4 thod main ring tng cia bat ki mot 86 no véi tich ca ba s6 cin Iai Ia bang 2. Xét tam giée A ABC véi géc JOB nhon, Qua mot diém M ¥ O cae duéng thing wudng gée duge ké tit OA va OB, chan cia ching la cae diém P vaGQ tuong ing, Diém giao clia céc dudmg cao ciia tam gide AOPQ Ia IT. Héi ring quy tich cla digm 77 néu nh M chay qua (a) canh AB? (b) phan trong cia tam gide AOAB. ‘Trong mat phing c6 n digm (n > 3) cho truéie. MGi cap ede diém duge ndi véi hau béi mot doan thing. Cho d Ia do dai I6n nhat ciia cae doan thing 46. Ching ta xc dinh mot dung kinh cla mot tp hgp céc dim chinh 1A doan thang véi do dai bing d. Ching minh ring s6 cae duémg kinh cia mot tap hgp n phan tit cho trudc cho trude I& Khong vwuot qué n. Lan thit tam, tai Sophia, Bulgaria, nam 1966 Trong mot cude thi Todin hoe, c6 ba bai todn duge dé xudt la A, B va C. Trong so nhiing ngudi tham du, ¢6 25 sinh vien gidi duoc ft nhdt mot bai ton. Tat cdc tht sinh khong gidi duge bai A va s6 cdc thi sinh gii duge bai B bing gap hai kin so duge bai C. S6 cde sinh vién ma chi thi nhiéu hon 1 ic th sinh gidi duge bai A va mot bai todn khdc. Tat cd cdc sinh vien ‘A. Hoi ring S0 véi s6 ‘ma giai duge chi m9t bai bang mot niza s6 khong khong lam duge bi 6 baomhiéu sinh vign gidi duge bai ton B Cho a,b, ¢ 1a d0 dai ba canh ciia mot tam giée cdn a, 8, 7, tuong ting R& ba gée d6i dign véi ba canh trén. Ching minh rang néu atb=te(atga +btg9), thi tam gidc dang xét lA tam gide can.