Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this chapter, students
will be able to:
Elaborate the meaning, concepts, definition and
objectives of research;
Explain the significance of research;
D. Common sense
Common sense is based on our own past
experiences and our perceptions of the world.
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SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE CONT…..
2. The Scientific Method as a Source of
Knowledge
Science is a body of systematized knowledge.
• Gathering information
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DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
Research is;
• the systematic process of collecting, and
analyzing information to increase our
understanding of the phenomenon under study.
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BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
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MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
Desire to get a research degree along with its
consequential benefits;
Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved
problems,
i.e., concern over practical problems
initiates research;
Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative
work;
Desire to be of service to society;
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B. APPLIED RESEARCH
Applied research is designed to solve practical
problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge's sake.
Applied scientists might look for answers to specific
questions that help humanity, for example medical
research or environmental studies.
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2. BASED ON THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
A) Descriptive Research-sets out to describe and to
interpret what is.
The methods that come under descriptive research
are:
• Surveys
• Correlation studies
• Observation studies
• Case studies
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B) Explanatory Resaerch- aims at establishing the cause
and effect relationship between variables.
There are two types of explanatory research:
1. Experimental research
2. Ex post facto research(means after
the fact or retrospectively)
exploratory research-is less formal, sometimes even
unstructured and focuses on gaining background
information and helps to better understand and
clarify a problem.
Exploratory research is conducted when there are
few or no earlier studies to which references can
be made for information.
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3. BASED ON APPROACHES OF RESEARCH
Qualitative research- involves studies that do not
attempt to quantify their results through
statistical summary or analysis.
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH VS. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
quasi-experimental, and
non-experimental.
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5. BY TYPE OF DATA
Primary research (also called field research) and
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6. BY FIELDS OF STUDY
n at u ral s c i e n c e re s e a r c h ,
s o c i a l s c i e n c e re s e a r c h ,
e d u c a t i o n a l re s e a r c h ,
b e h a v i o r a l s c i e n c e re s e a r c h ,
h e a l t h s c i e n c e re s e a r c h , e t c .
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
Qualitative
approach to research is concerned with
subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions and
behaviour.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
Research has its special significance in
solving various operational and planning
problems of business and industry.
Research is equally important for social
scientists in studying social relationships
and in seeking answers to various social
problems.
Research provides the basis for nearly all
government policies in our economic system.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH CONT…
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SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH CONT…
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THE RESEARCH PROCESS
( 1) formulating the research problem;
(2) extensive literature survey;