12th Board Sprint - Schedule

Date Topic of the day

19 Nov Solid state
21 Nov Solutions
24 Nov Electrochemistry
26Nov Chemical Kinetics
28 Nov Surface Chemistry
1 Dec p-Block Elements (Gp 15-18)
3 Dec d & f Block Elements
5 Dec Coordination Compounds
8 Dec Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
10 Dec Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers
12 Dec Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic acid
15 Dec Amines
17 Dec Biomolecules
 3

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 Let’s see
the
Analysis of
Topic wise analysis 10 Years (2019-2010)
1M
2M
3M
5M
 Topic wise analysis 10 Years (2019-2010)

VSA SA-I SA-II LA

(1 mark) (2 Marks) (3 Marks) (5 Marks)
Max. Questions Max. Questions
“Group 15 “Group 18 _
Elements” Elements”
 Let’s see
Important
Concepts
for
P-Block
 P Block Elements (Gp 15-18)

General E.C.
He
N O F Ne ns2 np3-6
P S Cl Ar
As Se Br Kr
Sb Te I Xe
Bi Po At Rn
Group 15
(Nitrogen
Family)
Properties of Hydrides
 Dinitrogen

Preparation Chemical Reactions

Δ 6Li(s) + N2(g) Δ 2Li3N (s)

(NH4)2Cr2O7(s) N2(g) + 4H2O(l) +Cr2O3(s)
Ammonium Chromium Lithium
Dichromate oxide Nitride

Ba(N3)2 (s) Δ 3N2(g) + Ba(s) Δ

3Mg(s) + N2 (g) Mg3N2 (s)
Barium Very pure Magnesium
Azide Nitride
 Ammonia
Preparation

2NH4Cl(s) + Ca(OH)2(s) 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O(l) + CaCl2 (s)

Ammonium Calcium Calcium
chloride Hydroxide Chloride
Small
Scale
Haber’s Process
Fe
N2 3H2 2NH3 Large
773K,
200 atm Scale
 Ammonia
Chemical Reactions

H2O(l)
NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

NH3

Cu2+(aq)
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ (aq)
Light
Deep
Blue
Blue
 Nitric Acid
Preparation

Ostwald’s Process
Pt/Rh gauge catalyst
Step 1 : 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
500K, 9 bar
Nitric
oxide
Step 2 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)
Nitrogen
dioxide
Step 3 :
3NO2(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)
 Nitric Acid
Chemical Reactions

3Cu(s) 4Zn(s)
3Cu(NO3)2(s) + 2NO(g) + 4Zn(NO3)2(s) + N2O(g) + 5H2O
4H O
Dil. Dil.
Copper
2 Nitric Zinc Nitrous oxide/
Nitrate Oxide Nitrate Laughing gas

Zn(s)
Cu(NO3)2(s) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O Cu(s) Zn(NO3)2(s) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Nitrogen Nitrogen
conc. conc. dioxide
dioxide
Group 16
(Oxygen
Family)
 Dioxygen
O O
Preparation Chemical Rxn.
Δ
2Mg(s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
Δ
2PbO2 (s) 2PbO (s) + O2 (g) Magnesium oxide
Lead Dioxide Lead oxide Δ
S(s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)
Δ Sulphur dioxide
2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
Δ
Hydrogen 2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) 2ZnO (s) +
peroxide Zinc 2SO2 (g)
sulphide
 Ozone

Preparation
Electric
discharge
3O2 (g) 2O3 (g) , ΔHo (298K) = +142 kJ mol-1
 Ozone
Chemical Reactions

PbS(s) + 4O3 (g) PbSO4(s) + 4O2(g)

Lead sulphide Lead sulphate
Oxidising
Property
2I-(aq) + H2O(l) + O3(g) 2OH-(aq) + I2(s) + O2(g)
Iodide Iodine
 Sulphur Allotropes & Structures

369 K
S8 S8
𝛂/Rhombic Cooled ꞵ/Monoclinic
Sulphur Sulphur

S8 (Crown form) S6 (Chair form)

 Sulphuric Acid
Chemical Reactions
H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + HSO4-(aq) {Acidic Property}

Cu(s)
H2SO4 CuSO4(s) +SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) {Oxidising
Property}
C12H22O11(s
) 12C (s) + 11H2O (l) {Dehydrating
Black Property}
 Oxoacids of Sulphur

Sulphurous acid Sulphuric Acid Pyrosulphuric acid

(H2SO3) (H2SO4) (Oleum)
(H2S2O7)

Peroxodisulphuric acid
(H2S2O8)
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Group 17
(Halogen
Family)
 Hydrogen Chloride
H Cl
Preparation Chemical Reactions
Step 1:
420K H 2O
NaCl(s) + H2SO4(l) NaHSO4(s) +HCl (g) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Conc. Sodium
bisulphate Zn ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Step 2: HCl
823K NH3
NaHSO4 (s) + NaCl(s) Na2SO4 (s) +HCl (g) NH4Cl(s)
Sodium
sulphate
Structure of Oxoacids of Chlorine
 Interhalogen Compounds
Type Compound Shape
Br F
XX’1 ClF, BrF Linear
XX’3 ClF3, BrF3 T-shape
XX’5 ClF5, BrF5 Sq. pyramidal
XX’7 IF7 Pentagonal bipyramidal
Group 18
(Noble
Gases)
 Important Xenon Compounds
Xenon-Fluorine Compounds Xenon-Oxygen Compounds

673K,
Xe(g) + F2(g) XeF2(s) XeF6(s) + 3H2O(l) XeO3(s) + 6HF(aq)
1 bar Xenon
Xenon
difluoride trioxide

873K, XeF6(s) + H2O(l) XeOF4(l) + 2HF(aq)

Xe(g) + 2F2(g) XeF4(s)
7 bar Xenon Xenon
tetrafluoride oxytetrafluoride

573K, XeF6(s) + 2H2O(l) XeO2F2(s) + 4HF

Xe(g) + 3F2(g) XeF6(s)
60-70 bar Xenon Xenon
hexafluoride dioxydifluoride
 Structures of Xenon Fluorine Compounds

XeF2 XeF4 XeF6

(Linear) (Square (Distorted
Planar) Octahedral)
 Structures of Xenon Oxygen Compounds

XeO3 XeOF4 XeO2F2

(Pyramidal) (Square (See Saw)
Pyramidal)
Let’s solve

Most
Important
Questions
Very Short Answers (VSA)
1. Which allotrope of sulphur is thermally stable
at room temperature?
000(Foreign 2015)000

Rhombic sulphur is stable at room temp. (298 K)

369 K
S8 S8
Cooled
Very Short Answers (VSA)
2. Write the reaction of thermal decomposition of
sodium azide.
000(Delhi 2007 )000

2NaN3 (s) Δ 3N2(g) + 2Na(s)

Sodium
Azide
 Very Short Answers (VSA)
3. Arrange the following in the order of increasing
acidic character-H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
000(Delhi 2014 )000

H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te

Increasing
Acidic
Character
 Very Short Answers (VSA)
4.

000(Delhi 2015 C, AI 2012 )000

3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(dil.) 3Cu(NO3)2(s) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)

Copper Nitric
Nitrate Oxide
 Very Short Answers (VSA)
5. Account for the following :
O3 acts as a powerful oxidising agent
000(AI 2011 C)000

● Due to this rapid release of nascent oxygen,

Ozone is a strong Oxidising agent.
● Atomic oxygen thus liberated brings about the
oxidation while molecular oxygen is set free.
 Short Answers (SA I)
6. Give reaction of synthesis of XeO3 from XeF6.
Draw the structure of XeO3.
000(AI 2012 C)000

XeO3 can be obtained by hydrolysis of XeF6

XeF6(s) + 3H2O(l) XeO3(s) +

6HF(aq)
Xenon Xenon
hexafluoride trioxide
 Short Answers (SA I)
7. Draw the structure of
(i) Hypochlorous acid. (ii) Chlorous acid.
000(AI 2007)000
 Short Answers (SA I)
8. How is ammonia prepared on the large scale? Name
the process and mention the optimum conditions for
the production of ammonia by this process.
000(AI 2014 C )000
 Short Answers (SA I)
Haber’s Process
Fe

773K,
200 atm

● High Pressure ≈ 200 atm

● Temp. ≈ 700 K
● Catalysts such as iron or iron oxide with small amount
of K2O & Al2O3
 Short Answers (SA II)
9. Give structure & basicity of
(i) H2SO3 (ii) H2SO4 (iii) H2S2O7
000(Delhi 2007 )000

Sulphurous acid
(H2SO3)
 Short Answers (SA II)

Pyrosulphuric acid
Sulphuric Acid (Oleum)
(H2SO4) (H2S2O7)
 Short Answers (SA II)
10.

000(AI 2008 C )000

 Short Answers (SA II)
(i) Except radon which is radioactive, Xe has least
ionisation energy among noble gases and hence it
readily forms chemical compounds.

Xenon Xenon
tetrafluoride trioxide

XeOF4
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