pe "NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT I EE sve VineReNsa EY + | Determinations olny of KNOX using LN by wolomete anaes | > |Dotermination of molasity of KMnOd wsing 0AM FAS by volumetsié analysis, Systematic qualitative analysis if inorganic salts. + | Salt analysis - 1 NH4C1 2829 + | Salt analysis - 2, NH4Br 3031 Salt analysis - 3 Al2 (SO4)3 3233 « | Salt analysis - 4 MnSO4 34.35 > | Salt analysis - 5 ZnSO4 36 «| Salt analysis - 6 MgSO4 3740 2 | Salt analysis - 7 MgCO3 48 » | Salt analysis - 8 CaCO3 445 « | Salt analysis - 9 ZnCO3 46 » | Salt analysis - 10 BaCl2 a8 | » | Tests For Functional Groups In Organic Compounds. ‘Tests For unsaturation Tests For Alcoholic group Tests For Phenolic group ox Tests For Aldchydic and ketonic group Tests For Carboxyle group Tests For Amino group [> [peter net tian 8 [Al eitroee 5B Preparation of Inorganic compounds, Preaoration of Ferrolss ammonium suipnote [FAS or Manes Salt] — Preparation af Potassium Iriovalatoforrate (11) Test For Carbohydrates, Fats and Prot a of sie ——— res for Os and Fats [rests for Proteins 5859 Chemical Kinctics6. TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS (REDOX REACTION) Experiment No. 6.1 ‘Aim: Determination of Molarity of KMdnO,using 0.1 M Oxalic acid by volumetric analysis. Princip! Acidified KMnO,will oxidize oxalic acid into CO, & HO. Hence known volume of oxalic acid is titrated against KMnO,. Here KMnO, acts as oxidizing agent and oxalic acid acts as reducing agent. Chemical Equation : 2KMnO, +3H_SO, +5H,C,0, "<> K,SO, + 2MnSO, + 8H,0 +10CO, Procedure 1. Exactly 10 ml of 0.1 M oxalic acid is Pipette out into a clean conical flask and 1 test tube full of dil. H,SO,is added. The solution is heated to 60°C. tes 2. The hot solution is titrated against K/MnO, taken in the burette until a permanent pale pink colour is obtained. This is the end point of titration. The burette readings are recorded & the titration is repeated for agreeing values Observations: Burette : KMnO, solution Conical ask : 10 ml #7,C,O, +1 Test tube full of dil, H,S0, solution Indicator : KMfn0, is self indicator 1. 2. 3. 4. End point : Colourless to pale pink NARAYANA PU COLLEGES,‘Tabulation ; Burette readings ts Final ae ay | ay Initial 8 ° o | Volume of KiinO,added in mt ac | ay ay Cateulations: ee | ceheulations:- shew oty aml oy oe Meme = Stang ME May Stoiehiomebic. eo effiezents of "ou i Ay Te Ketmoy and Otable acd loin, Okalde TH eapiadion I > edd (ace, a=) | EE ST / OO] | tater Result : Molarity of KMnO,= M, = so..M Experiment No.6.2 a ‘Aim: Determination of Molarityof K-MnO, using 0.1 M FAS by volumetric analysis Principle Acidifiod KMn0,can oxidize FeSO, of FAS into Fe, (SO,),. Hence known volume of FAS is titrated against KMnO, at as oxidizing agent & FeSO, 1s educing agent ‘Chemical Reaction: 2KMiO, +8H.S0, +1OFeSO, > K,S0, +2MnSO,+8H1,0+5Fe,(S0,), NARAYANA PU COLLEGES is: i | Procedure! + 1. Exaclly 10 mL of FAS is pipette ovt into a clean conical ask and about | test tube full of dil, 17,80, is added 2. The solution of the conical flask is titrated against KMnO, taken in the burette until a permanent pale pink eolour is obtained. This the end point of titration. 3. The Burette readings are ‘recorded & repeated the titration for agrecing values. observations: 1. urtte: KMnO, solution 2. Conical flask: 10 mi of 0,1 MFAS +1 test tube dil. 77,50, solution 3. Indicator; K MnO, is self — indicator 4. End point : Colourless to pale pink Tabulation Burette readings THBLNG: 1 2 3 Final 7 Bee |e | Th oO ° oO Volume of K/ ii of KMnO,addedinmt | Giver | Qoly ay Calewlakons : — there O, emdas ar Hoe Steiddiometvic Kem, = *M ie Coeldera Hino, = Keine, xv, NY MV ob Kang oiceanks bt Bae uomd Fas iA ens > Ves ' A the Caped nu i" ion Kune fas (O22, a= 0) = 2Kotxy lox Fy = O-08IK NARAYANA PU COLLEGES 162SYSTAMATIC : ALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIM LE INORGANIC SALTS Analysis of salt ide oak gigi aug = cation of cations and anions present in the salt. Salt is formed by the is valency, acid and a base. The No. of units of charges carried byan ion is equal to ‘eid Radicals (Ani 1) They carr (Anion) Basic Radicals (Cation) a We chatge: 1) They carry +ve charge 2) They can by : ) They can be detected by using solid (0.12) 2) They can be detected by using original solution (2 3) They can be detected in Acidic medium — ee ee 3) They can be detected in basic medium. effectvescence, color and odour of gas 4) Reaction can’t be seen instead the product will be seen as ppt alysis of salt involves four steps which are as follows: 1. Preliminary test 2. Detection of anion 3. Detection of cation 4. Report of salt 1. Preliminary test a) State : Crystalline or Amorphous b) Color : White / colorless, light green (Fe), green (Ni*), Blue (Cu**), Brown (Fe) , light pink (Mn), Voilet (Co) ©) Solubitity : Water diLHCl ail. HNO, Cold Hot Cold. Hot Cold Hot 2. Classification of Anion ( Acid Radicals) : Group ‘Group Reagent Radicals present I Dil. H,SO, / dil. HCl CO;*,5*,80;",NO;,CH,COO™ IL Conc. H,SO, CI”, Br” ,I-, NO; ,C,02 Tm ‘No specific reagents S07,P0;° NARAYANA PU COLLEGES 7 LoeT Detection of J group anion Salt +dil. 17,50, (heat if necessary) 3 eee a Fapemant_____———[ Brie ertervseence Hoar 8 colorless, odourless gas which ilky ith rotten CB yhich turns @ in lead acetate turns lime water mi ) Colorless gas wi smell is liberated wl filter paper dipped i solution black ; ©) Acolorless gas with suffocating Sot! of burning sulphur whieh ied _K,Cr,0, 28 paper ‘urns acid to green i) Reddish brown fumes which turs starch/KI paper to blue ¢) Colorless vapours with a smeel of vinegar (pungent) which turns blue litmus paper red Inference ___ ‘Carbonates anion (CO;*) may be present ‘Sulphide anion (S™) may be present Sulphite anion (SO,*) may be present Nitrate anion (WO;) may be present ‘Acetate anion (CH,COO™ ) may be present Confirmatory test for Carbonates ion (co) (lime water test) ¢ Inference Observation Experiment Salt + Water, boil the gas liberated is passed into the test tube containing lime water Lime water dies not tun milky Carbonate anion (Ct confirmed Confirmatory test for Sulphide io mn (5) Salt solution + NH,OH + few drop of sodium nitroprusside solution (if salt is insoluble in water take sodium carbonate Purple or violet color Sulphide anion (S~)is confirmed extract) Confirmatory test for Sulphite ion (SO;*) Salt + Water, shaken to dissolve + BaCl, solution A thick white ppt. soluble in excess of dil. HCI is formed Sulphite anion (SO; confirmed NARAYANA PU COLLEGES Confirmatory test for Nitrite ion (NO; ) (Sulphanilic acid acid test or Gris ~ Iosvay test) 18 |Diluted Salt solution > acetic acid + few drops of sulphanilic acid + ‘Experiment drops of o naphthy e Confirmatory test for Acetate ion Red colored solution | ere Nitrite anion (VO; )is confirmed (cH,coo-) CEsterification test) Observation 1. Salt + Ethyl alcohol > drops of cone. H,SO, heated and then poured the mixture into the beaker containing Na,CO, solution Fruity odour is formed Inference Acetate anion (CHyCOO™ ‘confirmed 2. Salt solution + Neutral FeCl, solution Red colored solution which turns to brown red ppt. on boiling and cooling Acetate anion (CH,COO) is present & confirmed Detection of IT group anions a, Salt in a dry test tube + cone, SO, a. A colorless pungent smell gas which gives dense white fumes with glass rod dipped in NH,OH is exposed to the mouth of the test tube Chloride anion (C/-) may be present ’b. Ifo reaction in cold piece of ‘CwPaper ball is added to the test tube and heated Reddish brown fumes are evolved Nitrate anion (VO; )may be present Confirmatory test for Chloride ion (C/” ) ( Chromyl chloride test) Experiment ‘Observation Inference Salt + K,Cr,O, crystals ina dry test tube + conc. H.,SO,, the above vapours are passed into a test tube containing NaQH To the above yellow solution acetic acid + iead acetate solutions are added ‘Orange red vapours are evolved ‘Yellow solution is obtained Bright yellow solution Chloride anion (cr”)is confirmed NARAYANA PU COLLEGES. Silver Nitrate test for chloride ion (C/”) 19Wirsointion + AgNO, solution Curdy white ppt. which is soluble in excess of NOH Chioride anion (CI-)is confirmed Contirmatory test for Bromide ton ()~) ( Globule test) Sait * Water shaken to dissolve + Chywater +3 drops of CCI, misture is shaken well ‘hn orange red globule is formed Bromide anion (Br") is confirmed Silver Nitrate (AgNO, ) test Salt solution ¥ AgNO, solution Pale yellow ppt. which is Bromide anion (Br) is Experiment sparingly soluble in NH,OH contuisd Confirmatory test for Iodide ion (~)(Globule test) Observation Inference a Salt + water shaken to dissolve + Cl, water+3 drops of CCl, mixture shaken well A violet globule is formed Idodide anion(7~)is confirmed Silver Nitrate (AgNO, ) test Salt solution + AgNO, solution ‘Yellow ppt. is obtained which is insoluble in NAOH Idodide anion(7~ )is confirmed Confirmatory test for Nitrate ion (NO;) (Brown ring test) Salt solution + equal volume of freshly prepared FeSO, solution + a drop of cone. #,S0, is added ‘A brown ring is formed at the junction of two liquids Nitrate anion (VO; ) is confirmed slowly along the sides of test tube Detection of ITI group anion Test for sulphate ion (SO;*) Experiment Observation Inference NARAYANA PU COLLEGES 20(5022); present and confirmed alt solution + BaC?, solution | A thick white ppl obiained THT group anion Sulphate anion Above ppt. + excess of dil, HCI__| PPt. is insoluble ‘Test for phosphate ion (PO;°) Salt solution + few drops of cone. | Yellow solution 7 cana Fy yellow yi HNO, +excess ofammonium — | ppt y ye Phosrat anion (PO;")is molybdate solution (N/,), MoO, a Boil the mixture Detection of Cations ( Basic radicals) ‘The detection of basic radicals of salt is based on the precipitation reaction in solution. Hence it is necessary to prepare the solution of salt or original solution (0.3) Preparation of original solution (OS) : The salt may be soluble in H,Oor dil. HClor dil. HNO, or aquaregia. The choice of the solvent to prepare original solution is known from solubility test vunder preliminary test. Preparation : About ¥4 test tube of solvent is taken and the salt is added litle by little with constant shaking. until a saturated clear, homogeneous solution is obtained. ys use 2 or more drops of original solution for the detection of basic radicals Note : Alwa: CLASSIFICATION OF CATIONS ( BASIC RADICALS) Group Cations present Group reagent Nature of precipitate Qo NH} ‘No reagent z I Po ‘DiLHCI Chioride ppt. 0 Pb ,Cu, As” Dil ACI+H,S gas ‘Sulphide ppt ur Al, Fe* NH,Cl,) Fexcess Hydroxide ppt NH,OH Vv Zi Mie* CoN | NH,Ch,y + excess ‘Sulphide ppt : NH,OH +H,S gas ¥, Ba", S*,Ca™ NEL). + excess Carbonate ppt ' NH,OH +(NH;,), CO; VI Mg ‘No reagent [: sil NARAYANA PU COLLEGES a le ieena 1c an per blow up syllabus Note: ‘The salts of bolded ions wre 10 Detection of 40° group catlon [experiment Salt + dil, NaHT sohation boi bre given for practic gent smelling gas NI, is evolved which gives dense white fumes with glass rod dipped in lution ‘Ammonium (NH; )may be present Nessler’s reagent test [ Confirmatot ry test ‘mmonium fon( NI; )} Os + Nessler's reagent + NaOH ( Brown ppt. is formed ‘Ammonium ion (NH; )is conte] | slight excess) Analysis of | group cations White ppt. T group cations are present OS + dil HCI Confirmatory for Lead ion (P6** ) 1. OS + KI solution ‘Above ppt. + H,0 boil & cool under tap water 2, OS+ K,CrO, 3. OS + C,H,OH +dil H,S0, A yellow ppt. is formed Golden yellow spangles are formed ( shining erystals of PbI;) A yellow ppt. is formed ‘A white ppt. is formed which is soluble in ammonium acetate solution ‘Lead cation(Pb**) is confirmed | Lead cation (Pb**) is confirmed Lead cation (Pb**) is confirmed Analysis of If group cations (PL"*,Cu’*, As”) Experiment ‘Observation Inference “al OS + dil. HCI+ H,S gas Black ppt. (Pb**,Cu**) / yellow ppt. (As) TI group cations may be preseat Confirmatory test for Lead ion (P b) [108+ K,CrO, solution 2. Os + KI solution Above ppt. + H,0 boil & cool under tap water Bright yellow pptis formed A yellow ppt. is obtained ‘A yellow ppt. dissolves and Teappears as yellow spangles Lead cation (P6**) is confirmed Lead cation (P6**) is confirmed |] NARAYANA PU COLLEGESConfirmatory test for Cupric ion 1. Os + NaOH solution (7) 2. OS+K,Fe(CN), OS+NH,OH solution A pale blue ppt. insoluble in excess of NaOH A chocolate brown ppt. A pale blue ppt. soluble in excess of NH,OH solution giving deep blue solution Copper cation (Cu**) is confirmed Copper cation (Cu**) is confirmed Copper cation (Cu**) is confirmed Confirmatory test for Arsenic ion (45) (08 + Cone. HNO, + Ammonium molybdate solution . Two mixture heated for two minutes Canary yellow precipitate is formed Arsenic cation (4s**) is confirmed Analysis of III group cations (AI" Experiment Inference [OS + two spatula of [A gelatinous white ppt. [It group cations may be present NHCl,,+NH,OH (exces) |. Confirmatory test for Aluminium ion (AI"). a) OS + dil NaOH, first small ‘quantity, followed by excess bove clear solution + solid INH,C1,, boil & cool under reappears tap water b) OS + blue litmus solution + drops of NELOH ‘A white gelatinous ppt. soluble in} excess of NaOH giving a clear solution White gelatinous ppt. ‘A blue floating mass is formed ‘Aluminium cation -(AP) is confirmed Aluminium cation (AP) is confirmed Confirmato1 NARAYANA PU COLLEGES y test for Ferric ton (Fe™).Bi OS +K,[Fe(GN), ] 2. OS'+ KSCN. | A deep blue solution of Prussian blue is formed A blood red coloured solution is obtained Ferric cation (Fe) is confirmed Ferric cation (Fe*’) is confirmed Analysis of IV group cations (Zn, an** , Ni**,Co®) (OS* one spatula of NH,CI(s)+NH,OH (excess) +H,S gas [A white or flesh or black coloured ppt. 1 group eations may be present Confirmatory test for Zine ion (Zn™). 1. OS+dil NaOH b. oS +K,[Fe(CN),] ‘white ppt. soluble in excess of dil Naot {a bluish white ppt. [Zinc cation Hart is-cof-fisimed [zinc cation Confirmatory test for Manganou: s ion (Mn”*). 1, OS +dil NaOH 2. Permanganic acid test \(HMnO,) Drop of OS+ Pinch of PbO, , +1 mL Cone. HNO, boil the tution {A pink supematant solution is mixture cool, dilute & decant the fpbtained White ppt. is obtained which lowly turns into brown on posure to air Manganous cation (Mn’*) is confirmed Manganous cation (n?*) is confirmed NARAYANA PU COLLEGESConfirmatory test for Nickel ion (nP*) 1, OS +ail Naw A 2, OS + drops NH,OH +excess ofDMG (Dimethyl Glyoximey A pale green ppt. insolubl lexcess of dil NaOH is obtained scarlet red ppt Nickel Cation (1vi**) is confirmed Nickel Cation (Vi*") is 3. OS+ Na,S,0; solution + solid ammonium thiocyanate + acetone 4, Salt-+few drops of conc.HCI, boil. Excess of water is added and boiled. solution confirmed Confirmatory test for Cobalt ion (Co™), Experiment ‘Observation Inference 1. 0S+NH.OH solution Black ppt Cobalt cation HS gas . (Co*) is confirmed 2, OS+ NaOH solution A blue ppt. changes into Cobalt cation lrose red’ colour in excess of dil | (Co”*) is confirmed NaOH A blue green or deep blue colour A dark green solution A light pink colour solution Cobalt cation (Co™) is confirmed i Cobalt cation (Co*) is confirmed Analysis of V group cations (Ba’ ,*,Ca") OS + solid NH,CI + excess /NHLOH solution + (NH4)2CO3 soliton [White'ppt. i ‘group cation may be 7 resent {| NARAYANA PU COLLEGES2, Flame test A paste of th Grops of cone, HCI and it i exposed to the colourless flam through Pt wire Confirmatory test for Barium ion Ba"). 1. OS+K,CrO, solution [A Yellow ppt. OS = original solution | Apple green colour is given salt is prepared with few imparted to the flame. Barium cation (Ba"*) is confirmed Barium cation (Ba) is coifirmed Confirmatory test for Strontium i jon (Sr). 1. OS + (NH4)2S0, heat and scratch the sides of test tube with a glass rod 2. Flame test A paste of the given salt is prepared with few drops of cone. HCI and it is exposed to the colourless flame| Confirmatory test for Caleium ion through Pt wire [A white ppt. is formed ‘rimson red colour is imparted to the flame. [Strontium cation (St**) is confirmed trontium cation Se) is confirmed (Ca), 1. OS + (NHi)2C20 2. Flame test : A paste of the given salt is prepared with few drops of conc. HC] and it is exposed to the colourless flame through Pt wire (A white ppt. Brick red colour is imparted to the flame Calcium cation : (Ca) is confirmed Calcium cation (Ca™) is confirmed NARAYANA PU COLLEGESAnalysts of VI group cation Magnesium fon (Mg?"). [OS + solid NTLCT + excess NH,OH + Na,HPO, (ory (0 eect etter ‘Min tvalls of test tute with m glass rod NOTE: FLAME TEST. Metal chlorides are volatile and impant characteristic color tothe flame. Hence flame testis always done by using cone. HCI solution, [8 paste of the walt is prepared in Apple Green Ba” Cone. HCI on a watch glass, It is heated on a cleaned pt loop in | Brick red Cal ‘non luminous Bi Ce pep is Biyneen flame Grimson red 37) colour given out by the Gi = 1: in the flame is observed een oe Preparation of Nessler’s reagent Alkaline potassium mercuric iodide solution is called Nesster’s reagent. It is prepared from HCl, & KI solution. When drops of KI are added to HgCi, a scarlet red ppt. is formed which dissolves in excess of KI giving # clear solution. To the clear solution an equal volume of NaOH is added, The resulting solution obtained is called Nessler's reagent HgCl, +2KI —> Hgl, +2KC1 Hah, +2KI—> K, Hel, Potassium mereurie iadide KHgl,+NaOH —> Nessler’s reagent. 7 NAEAYANA PU COLLEGES LdSalt analysis-1 (Cc!) Preliminary test: (a) state : crystalline solid (b) Colour : white (¢) (4) original solution: salt + cold water. Detection of Acid radicals Detection of I group acid radical ‘solubility : solubl in cold water Experiment Observation Inference Salt + dil. CT ‘No gas is evolved — T group acid radicals C Detection of II group acid radicals Experiment Observation Inference Colourless pungent gas is liberated which gives dense white fumes with a glass rod dipped in NH,OH solution Salt cone.H,SO, Ina dry test tube(cold condition) Tl group acid radical C-_ is present silver nitrate test + Confirmatory test for chloride ln (ci) Experiment Observation Inference Salt solution + AgNO, Solution | A curdy white precipitate is formed which is soluble in NHOH solution TT group acid radical Chloride (C1”) ton is conformed * Confirmatory test for CI (chromyl chloride test) ‘+ Pass the vapour in to the NaOH. Yellow solution is obtained solution Yellow precipitate is obtained + Yellow solution + dilute | CH,COOH + lead acetate solution NARAYANA PU COLLEGES Experiment | Observation Inference * Salt+ K,Cr,O, erystal+ Reddish brown vapours of chromyl Chloride Ge re evolved, | se evolved. ‘confirmedDetection of basic radical, 0.8 = salt scold water Detection of zero gronp basic radical (.vi7;) Expe __[ Observation [inte mee Salt = di “X pungent smelling Zero group basic a8 which gives dense radical NE} white fimes with a is present glass wd dipped in Cone. HCH observed _ * Confirmatory test for NH Ammonium low | Experiment "| Observation Inference | Salt solution + NaOH solution, ‘Brown precipitate is formed. Ammonium ton NH; is + Nessler’s reagent confirmed {zero group) Report : The given Inorganic salt contains 1) Acid radical is chloride (CI) (11 group) 2) Basic radical is Ammonium (NH;) (zero group) 3) Given salt is Ammonium chloride (NHC!) NARAY ANA PU COLLEGESPreliminary test: (a) state: erystalline solid (b) Colour: white (c) solubili (@) original solution: salt + cold water. ction of Acid radicals Detection of I group acid radical Experiment Salt + dil. HCT ‘Observation I No gas is evolved Salt analysis-2 (W740) ity : soluble in cold water | Tgroup acid radicals CO;* is absent Inference Detection of II group acid radicals Experiment ‘Observation Inference Salt + cone.HT,SO, No dense white fumes is evolved Ina dry test tube Reddish — brown vapours are (Cold condition) liberated and the solution tums brown * Confirmatory test for Br (4gNO, rest) II group acid radical Cr” is absent Tl group acid radical Bromide (Br) is present Experiment Observation Inference Salt solution + AgNO, solution | A pale yellow precipitate is formed which is sparingly soluble in NH,OH solution Bromide (Br) is confirmed (1 group) NARAYANA PU COLLEGES* Confirmatory test for 5/~ (chlorine water test) Experiment ‘Observation Inference ‘Salt Solution + equal volume of UW group acid radical Cl, water + CCI, shake Bromide (2r-) is confirmed and allow to settle Orange red globule is formed Detection of basic radical 0,8 = salt +cold water Detection of zero group basic radical (#1;) | Experiment Observation Inference Salt + dil NaoHT solution, heat ‘A pungent smelling gas which gives | Zero group basie radical NH; is dense white fumes with a glass rod | present dipped in ConcHC! observed © Confirmatory test for vH; (Ammonium Ton) Experiment Observation Inference | “Salesolution + dilNaOH solution, + | Grown precipitate is formed ‘Ammonium lon NH; is confirmed Nessler's reagent {zero gioup) Report: The given Inorganic salt contains 1) Acid radical is bromide (Br) (I group) 2) Basic radical is Ammonium (NH) (zero group) 3) Given salt is Ammonium bromide NH,Br a a tare ts ME Ns 31 NARAYANA PU COLLEGESco SALT ANALYSIS-3 41, (SO,) Preliminary Test: 5 ‘Nature of salt: Crystalline 2 Colour : Colourless x Odour Odourless 4. Solubility Soluble in water Analysis Of Acid Radicals [Experiment Obes Tnference Group-I Salt¥diL HCl Brisk effervescence is not observed no colourless gas liberated. I group acid radical CO;7is absent Salt+eone. H,5O, ina dry test tube, Above the solution Cu turning added. Group-II No dense white fumes are evolved No Reddish brown fumes are evolved No reddish brown fumes evolved. TI group acid radical C/-is absent, Br” is absent Absence of NO, Group-III Salt solution + BaCl, solution. A thick white precipitate is obtained. III group radical SO, Confirmatory test for Sulph: ate Above ppt* dil. HCT Ppt is insoluble in dil HC SO? is confirmed. Analysis Of Basic Radical Experiment Observation Inference ‘Salt* NaOH solution and he ae alt+ NaOH solation and heat. | Colourles ith z Sans With pungent smell] Zero group — is absent. 7 Group-I Original solution + dil HCI No precipitate II group basic radical absent. lical absent. Gon (P6*) roup- Original Phin + qiLHCI+ No Precipitate TW group basic radical ab : sic radical absent. PB Cie" Bi NNARAYANA PU COLLEGES 32 Ce eenee Original solution + NHCT song + NH,OH solution in excess Group-IIT White gelatinous precipitate | IIT group radical present. May be present. ap | | 1 Confirmatory test for Alumi nium Original solution + NH,OH solution, ‘White precipitate is formed insoluble in excess of NH,OH ‘AP> is confirmed. Result: Group Cation Group ‘Compound a AP i Aluminium Sulphate Group ‘Aluminium Group ‘Sulphate The given salt is Aluminium sulph: NABAYANA PU COMLEGES wate Al, (SO,), « 3ee ee a SALT ANALYSIS-4 MnSO, Preliminary Test i: 1. Nature of Salt : Crystalline 2. Colour : Pale pink colour 3. Odour douness 4. Solubility: Soluble in water Analysis of Acid Radicals Experiment ‘Observation Infereuve _= | Group-I Sait ¥ dil FICL Brisk effervescence not observed | | group acid radical CO;*is absent Group-II Salt + cone. 7,50, ina dry test No dense white fames TI group acid radical CI- is tube. absent. No reddish brown fumes gas is Il group acid radical Br is evolved. absent. Above the solution to added Cu | No reddish brown fumes gas is Ps ming on hate evolved. Absence of NO, . Group- IIT Salt solution + BaCl, solution | A thick milky white precipitate is at ait plese group acid radical is present Confirmatory test for Sulphate ‘Add di. FCI Insoluble in excess of di Hi Cr i is confirmed Analysis Of Basic Radical Experiment Observation Fe Zero Group Cie — ————_ Salt + NaOH and heat Acolourless gas is not liberated | pgp ———______ 70 group radical is absent NH, sa le ey a fe ls Bos Group-. -~—— ee a rat ea { Original Solution Fa [-—y5 Seip } 1 a 4 T group basic RG NARAYANA PU COLLEGES. basic radical absent So