| . Permutations an Combinations Learning Part Session 1 + Fundamental Principle of Counting * Factorial Notation Session 2 © Divisibility Test + principle of inclusion and Exclusion + Permutation Session 3 + Number of Permutations Under Certain Conditions * Circular Permutations + Restricted Circular Permutations Session 4 * Combination + Restricted Combinations Session 5 * Combinations from Identical Objects Session 6 * Arrangement in Groups * Multinomial Theorem + Multiplying Synthetically Session 7 » Rank in a Dictionary * Gap Method [when particular objec Practice Part + JEE Type Examples * Chapter Exercises ts are never together] 5 nat ae 7 foe enol can be practised on your mobile See nside cover page to activate for free. -ercises witExponent of prin pina des Session 1 Fundamental Prin ‘iple of Counting, fran eof} Factorial Notation [because the remaining natural numbers from 1 tomate yeleyt Eeyore sonst ental Principle Addition Principle i) ate ow easter amongst be extended to any finite sx asednad(neiien so leo Bh [because the remaining nara numbers rom 1 lass teacher can make ths selection? P Now from, (, we ast f=>-[a) aa Factorial Notation362 Textbook of Algebra liter or Exponent of 1010" = min example 11 For how many positive int arden! end with precisely 25 zeroes? be by2° and what Sol °Number of be by 2"? A aus (Chap 05 8 Exercise for Session 1 + rnere ae hee oes: a, ‘Vrabad here are two routes, Hyderabad oe ws ombnatons 368 08 gong tom Chen dio Thonn dourhonchena wibaco te / ws : there ae 6 Books on Mathematics. 4 books A nar act on nena to Ps ng Shs n Cary aos he. Te SAC ecu tee cin penne o< sovan ie i (by _pt.sceisis Seamer non nts teen mor (ace somata tee S290 oot wmeaes one nem oper en at meme ttt i oye we (0 7. tenubet tsi ert om om ox 8, The ogee 2108 om oes om oe 8. Thenunber 2 by ; wae wa we aot non 2ere dgitin 20's we 114. The umber of pine numbers among he mbar 151+ 2.10514 3.1081+ 4 ad 1051+ 105 is (st wos os ws (aynone otneseSession 2 Divisibility Test, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusio Permutation n, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion ()by 8 4c 2d 572. fume formed byl (AU B)=n(A) +018) —m( AB) MA UBUC)=n(A) + (6) +n(C)—m{AB BA) EAA NA) AANA OA aman oA fn)an) HA VAY AA! a At Inportant Results 1. The number of permutations of different thing, taking rata time is denoted by "FoF Min =2).(m=r 41) where,neN,reW and 0SF-Sm ays of fling From 46 (and. we nedandne?ed by the gts {he numb ofthe Bim or ‘erent colous? (153%2)+ (4925) the tal umber 9 ‘which have ferent digits. il vith | Examfle 25.viow many words canbe fxmed wth Teter of the word ARINANT by eartanging then imple 18. Prove that +245 C ay ‘aber be the number permutation in wich eralways appears m8) Yovn(A 9 8) = Numb 8 pater ap ‘ mine the number of permutations the word 'SIMPLETON taken le numbers = *P, = 5! =120 2 The number ofj srmutations ofn things taken all hdl tine, pare alike of one Kind rete of sgn er Tem Y — “oo kind nr are of edd Tsai a eT ] ‘Herc, requte total numbers = 120 +96 "Netestn (pg +r)areall differents Ja eee cee pes EE Textbook of algebra fn which» stan, sent nd sof different things taken ra time hes each thing may be tepested any ruber of mena. Xr factors Corotary Wen r= mae abe put into the pocket in 4 ways 0 st Ths, the number ea te bles 444 = le 29. There are m men and a monkeys ia man have any number of monkeys In how ys may every monkey have a master? okey ca ees mae The umber permutations of things taken 031 Renna? umber of peematatons of things uk igs taken 22 3 permetatons lum ofr easels Chap 05 Pematatons ang Combinatons 369 g Exercise for Session 2 3. 0°", 0nd*"P, 26, en 7B cua ona 8. Toa number of words at canbe med sg al ater ofthe wore DIPESH hat rier bags wih T nor ‘eds ih Diogu ae os sto ost (oes gt numbers which ae sis by hat can be formed tom the pis 0, 1.2.3,4 30 wos (None onese 11. iconic ecns ave arranged a ow, The rumba f wasn which be nebo ofa i equal oe umber oad e a or compe vrs ay te waek so that oan nce a ay opr oe Sapna oe rae aon ay foro a How many efron re ables Ca eo 20 13 on 13. Fie persons entered et eatin en he round ora an 8 arouse Suppose ech of em can avy reais tee ey Bos baring nth est The ta number of waysin Wc echo eve persone canloave tha cabin at any on 89%, 28 ays ich atest ne ce sow 9,2 (e158 (a6 ptean be made wh Be gs, 2 3 and Sin which asst wo gs are (600 20 feos: (0s o eee 116. There are unarod number ct ena bts of roe deen clos How many aranpamens of smost Balstraroweanvemedeby Sra"? gy ida ar 38 rNSession 3 Number of Permutations Under Certain Conditions, Circular Permutations, Restricted Circular Permutations dierent things Number of Permutations Under Certain Conditions Consider ve beads A,B,C, Dan Ein Nowers4.8,C, Dandi gala {alan on the efi turned over we fnnned themselves in ways ‘Nonber of ways when vowel come fogther shew, Sol. The word 'PATALIPUTRA’ has eleven lees a wh asa 1, Rand It Vowel we RA \) Arengements round a circular ta Case ve pertons A. B.C. and onthe EBs 38, Fe he nt of wasn ferent beads can be Leper ways cn rd RSUBCE Beane are never sep372 Texto of sig Restricted Circular Permutations 7S atone densa Hence, mA Bh mY) three 4 sch aber of ways of eting 2 eres evel g Exercise for ibey words canbe forma tom ha tes fe ward COURTESY wa ts er 20 c 2, Ah ni od al canbe rat yg oni te ln wrt CALCULATE wth al oh HBO Red area eas th scaneonan 3 ont 3 eSer wos of words cn be med fmt ers oe wi MARL. wo conse ant out (9360 ‘many word canbe made tm te ater he ord‘DELATL cms nto mi in vey wa? wr (on seo Sn non any way can Sys and 3 plein aro so at eo hae st gata? (stan was! oes! anny er cst aroun “ous best aac. a (ey4320 (a) s040 President an sect lays st tgs, en x2 oo a 1 stolog acre al, whe 4. stam many ways can 15 marae ls aur tong ar he Chntran onde sop seroan one te ie? forts?Session 4 Combination, Restricted Combinations376 Tetbook of alga +de is ple $5. n haw many ays can acct by chosen out of a batch plays imple 56. How many diferent selec -can be made ‘rom i eerEEeeEeS i oe ‘os jo nite? moter fend in Ten, sit ery pris we ®Cwhich nam Sar ewe p= The number of ways (or combinations of ‘tren tings selecting atleast one of them is eo, ttt mmber of ways given by total fal the thing which sequal © senfactore= 2" atisncludes one casein which nothing i selected Tce the total umber of ways of selecting one or more fedrent hings =2" 1 Alte Number of ways of selecting one, two te, ‘gs rom miflerent things a i watenats Ho mary S ch that each ap oo itn eth 5 Moan sect one or more thas one af is 8 en. $9. Snaea teon eletaee eee ot Pere Perea a Tertbook of alga & Exercise for Session 4 se ssion 5 won F mbinations from Identical Objects wo (Nene eee ot ena jc ore (Nore tne sleet ont toner Combinations when both Identical and Distinct Objects are Present HR8. 105 (18, 10,14) +70, 221 vabeotnis nrc fe ml chce quis nd ech ueston hs arcs Note 17. Tho number of ups bal. tates! on green ane ert oan ball, 4 iter includ eu tore an amotio an selects 25, hn or one the bal "rom among the oranges can te eed we fom a clacton fn + tt cob. “Pe neal iinet primes and, ‘Sty. fo ap ox ‘odmangors can be selected in6-+1=7 59% EC ce bE ttt Reet e eateryPe See eee a SrreeeeeeEnretes i 380 Tenbook of alpera example 6 fn te nano of en pre ‘of the number 1008. PORE Gi, Regie umber proper doe 09 Sam rope vies (xing | and ~ Tender eto eee ‘= ortary The moe of waysto dsl + ®) = Sum fall dos (0 2) me hry {097 mumbo re visor of ae pub only i Lxariple 6B a heuer fed pope dn ; ‘ps2. others there een dive of the nn Iso, find sum o he od visor which are pet ques (Cin how many ways the number 11800 are " ‘two factors? (an The number of ways in wh roduc of two factors xanga. now any mays the nub 18900 tho factors whch are ee pane +00, +1)-(ay 61), rin of atin To ent SS ind nea T tay women ST iss which are multiple of 10 (Ge) The numberof ways in which a composite number N ple of. canbe reseed rime (or oprine) teach others qual to2oatr SM Weve N = 08022 3x5 where nis the numberof diferent for (0 24m 3) fam +1 many dvi ofthe ries) in 8 sm sldfeenair? Z So, th munbe fiver of he fom Example 66. Find the number of proper factors of juvgeitecnn the number $8808. Also find sum ofa these disor, are Sot The suber sue. Hence the total mamer of rope tos (excang sand Ist 38808) CoretaryV The sub ents tn) ‘roups containing m and m abject yy,ads, Now is opt in Cy way. Seed em) Sg bw” ane ey te eh a se one ts a npr Fence the eed aber fas sede of Boe seo inset) 5. now many ways can 16 aferent stibted among thee students AB, 50 "more than 8? oa A.C gets 4 Sand oaks pec eae be wl ater faye he384 Textbook of Algeben 1x oat be ode ercise for Session 5 5° Teste rec netcman 2.02 to)Session 6 Arrangement in Groups, Multinomial Theorem, Multiplying Synthetically Arrangement in Groups (4) The number of ways in which n different Unngs [Example 77. 1n how many mays be arranged into 5 ctlerent boxes $0 remains empty?” So Te equted umn ‘The oie uber of way 0 +90 180 how many ways can 5 dfleent = Eatin) + Zatsinayo. em nA AOI} gama {The number of ways in wh ame dstted intr ferent grou Inhow many waysSiifeentbalscanbe 'sboxesso that no box remains ey {blank groups ate not allowed Any sh Aiubotion can be efeted as follows feof hee ‘ach box must contain atleast one ball since nares bx alps nc ewe388 rombock of sige (nti Example 82. Four boys picked up 30 “how many ways can they Givi te Example 83. Find the postive number of sok xa y42+W =20 under “ 0 value of x,y, 2 and w ar incuded er values ae exclided Here, 2ay20220620 the | sebsine, xtyteerman ec, numberof Sols = Tg 22a, Hee, <2by2ureuwey 1 eanple 84 How many teal slaten ae toyz hen eee and xy. z.tareintagers weiyzneeaiz0 | x-1eay-a2qz—se0rz0 \ ‘tow many eral Sotions ae thee wallons XV As Pesca =o 7 Vescdenn: same 662 the abe 3 nn aeatne eg of Sxtys2=28 ae cp tomate ens nan 2 marks to any question, ie 2 nthe xpi ee ee innings ad gs bee 0] {sno group contains es (nent Sy390 Textbook of Algebra ‘The numberof ways to pt 2 le roup haem things addressed envelope the numberof from group Selecting 2b MOA UA, Zan)” FEMA, AA) oy Ena nanan 31=1- °C, «1-0 [om Eas ve whey Dg HAC HDLC DIFC, (Temamber ofa he possible ways of ting § eter nto 6 envelopet Number of ways to pla ‘oneponding envelopes= 1 td number of way ite envelope] 7 ence, number of ways to place atleast to lets es in the wrong envelopes =0-1=6!1=1 =720 are denoted by 1.2.3... Let A, denote Inenvelopes one 1-719 Form=5, from rest 19-1" 45-10-10-0=392 nt Trick +p Pet + psa! how many ways the su tar ne anes 28, | yy igby 14a sa! +a + To each toot pat umber of eiced ways wi pur Poot = psa +. psa" by of one kind. m abet f second kind and in, the maximum ma 50 andthe maximum mat Find the number of ways 018 60% marke in “corfcent of in(h+a. +0 40" ra" +) SH Agsrpte of macs 5053+ 100= Inapatattpeepepie th Draven dupe), eof Ine peter *P Uae 95. ect 9, Product (14-0. +a? )(1+ a rer? )(l+ er +a? + of one kind m objects of second kind and soon then the = Coeticet fe oe ela aiiple-B5-Fird the runt y tau in the expansion of| saeaee) ay (ean esa! see‘ces ee" | Multiplying Synthetically Wsasayisase’ mC A Mey a ‘um require that variable can be take$Y zero ncaa, the numberof solution of -Sis ea and care teers anda 210 >2ande 2 Mas «16. ember of possi salons fhe id the numberof rectangles re om wee os (Nene ese from a rectangle of size 36 7 7 7. Number of eter ston of 2x + y+2 =10(x20,y 20,220) ene wa oe 1. A peraon was eters st fonds and adress ha conespening eneops. Let x e the number of ways AedCancaet two othe tes ven wrng evalepes andy be he novo of ways oh a the eters ae inwrong envelopes, Then sy Beg wre 8 wae (enone ese ‘A perton goes oan examination in whch here ae for papers wh amas om marks fm 3c) pape. {Tm mero wayein fiche can et 27 at. © a ors 90a + ans 9) None o nese 0 word ASSASSINATION 8 os by +5228. 22 (eNera tase (0 tera noms fis hase, o ins ant wane 8 10, The numberof slectons fo lets tom helt wr 11. The nambor fps oa yl sons 23 then numberof way =c te rumber posable vate ofthe oes tt ellen ofa ny Cyst + (EHF - ic Xs have ta be placed inthe ar postive epee uchiha +8 +6 figure below, such that each row 0 @Nonwat ase st One X: In how many dif oe ‘an this Be done? efferent ways sen teen > Nae aa ed yay (None these pall ano ree of the are concent. The (None thas 540 a oo ns apa and no ines vie lanes iaial (Nene ct hese 1 Osi 118164, then the vale of a oss 28, The numberof ways tho ltrs of et Wort PERSON cn be paced in ha squares of he ure shoo 0 ovow remains ety ie (wae )25%61 (oar session 7 wok jn a Dictionary, Gap Method gank in Dictionary means words ae arranged in gory format ee ea 7 ee oes wil help ular how ton the my yan Sy The letters ofthe word are arranged ‘the rank ofthe Following words AY UMANG UMANG=2¢ 4-24 42424 r646412 12010 (6) The eters in alphabetical order ae AESLL RT urber of words egining with DC Numer of words Beining with DM = Namber of word begining with AIRE Nuanber of words beginning with AIRL= Nunber of words beginning wth AIRTEL nk ofthe word AIRTEL=24-+6+6#20243 = Number af words begining with DOCM ‘Number of ward begiaing with DOCO ; ‘ns of te word DOCOMO = 204.441 1= 3when particular objects are together] | Example 114. there are 10 candidates for an nd the numberof ways in which 5 n be arranged in 3 row. mo wo tte condo for aang the in bearanged inst aps oe *OxGx6xGxGx aranged aps ae genet a shown, ms Oop the place with W marked so that cher Use of et Theory Union et of et A elo an theese we we on two set A and isthe set fl xe slemente which ae emted by A Sombolclly, An B= {exe And xe a) ono UAB, nh 8 UU RHA mvc no favourable RORMH A nb tobe¢ Th sean 0 Ruin a =) way Sin. the et A, the total numberof ~ cement fase ther i ony oe choke, in which a ly ne hoe. a wih «Ff inet favountle kr oni pe eements Soe sts FAs gan 8.74 the number of ways of chosing and, aint es Sting eatin, din ow [Ds ace of al mabe i Quen allatauine | [Creo eo rN& Exercise for Session 7 Shortcuts and Important pats to Remember ode aero the na fc numbers on ue aaa 1 The leters the word DELHI ae arangod i al possle way 8 n'a onary, he rank, Fe 2. Theater othe word KANPUR” are aranged il posse Ways a na dclonary te KANPUR tom acts “ ne kt ee 122 * lnngan no ee dagonssae concur urbe’ ot pont of mtrsaton oaJEE Type Solved Examples : Single Option Correct Type Questions le choice examples. Wehand coe {© EX. 3 The numberof postive integer solutions of 426 +¢=60 wherea ira factor ‘ue (oz Soke toro Band ¢ = dies Any number between 1 nd 99s ofthe form ye whe °Cyways thea Ex, 5 Number of point having poston vector i+ rch wherea,b.6 2.3.45) such that" 48 Reuited number of waya = 12% (even mmbes= 2 4 of i $ E%. 6 Number of positive unequal intra soos a Assume << Here 9.221 io seued mute of olson =7 X6= «2 184,71 boy and2 gis are ob seated na row sh 3 boys between the gir. The number the vale os ee, peer element be Ogerqeg fg ergeg eraee Ts Chap 05 Permutatons and Combeaiens 407 one dement of A ene far ches Exe bantam leet esr The am fl bd faerie, 1 sta, HH, Fae a) i) ssi 4.) joa etaatey natty cone 6 1mm of oy of ecign oto cee cea ang surat iirc wth nonsrmy 09 hennCe Se eee (hag 05 ermutatons and Combnatons 409 JEE Type Solved Examples : Solved Examples : More than One Correct Option Type Questions fie sod est 44 : 7 sagem ee ‘Tae rt 2 lw supe ase ea Se cre wich ONLY ONE, ah 7 Passage ex Nor eo) pcg ena grsofth word GAIN be ranged andthe Consider polion of ses witch satis the euaion tena enon as Simp Wr Farer 5 pode deine als ei cena OAR on Seed br owen Breet mayer Soened yard A the ters ofthe word AGAIN ae cane bu contnans on epce a may ftar we need Heac.both pen mt be oo ott be Pt risalwaysen ee ee aKn-5) lan = tin whieh mare even and m ae odd mane, WNow 3 vowels A, kA ae tbe pas inthe oe ‘maa ces nx Gx Nx NX on penieGx x ox [ewe oxox 1 Ex. 18) objets eeeranged in aro then umber then umber of ays of sling tree of tee ejects so at ‘hem ar nett cach ether - “nopton( tseli A ene ~ 410 Tentdook of sgetre JEE Type Solved Examples : Single Integer Answer Type Questions + This section contains 2 examples. The ase to each tzample i's wingle digit integer rang om 9 So b (eather SHC (S) ane © E25 fh. be the mumber ofp numberof ie form sys withx. Statement-2 To form a rectangle, we have to select any two of the horizontal lines and any two of the vertical lines. Sol. (d) In a chessboard, there are 9 horizontal lines and 9 vertical lines. ‘Number of rectangles on a chess- . Number of rectangles of any size are °C x *Cy. Hence, Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true. =z © Ex. 29 Statement-1 If f :{ay,43,03,44,45}> {ay.4,a5,@4,45}, f is onto and f(x) # x for each € {4j,43,45,44,45}, is equal to 44. © Statement-2 The number of derangement forn objects is 2) =44 Hence, Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1& Permutations and Combinations Exercise 8 : Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exam 23.12} be partion it a sie Ths, ne AUBUCHSANB=BaCoAncn, ame ay ne oe ioe ‘many diferent words canbe formed by Junin (Tee 2007, 3 reams is ual | Yoaranging 6's and asin 310% TAGEE way iii 10 sn tin! bes uch that Boe 9 Pa nae tee Se ere an tag ed Salt in et, "(uct vanced 015.21 he426 Textbook of Algebra 125, Af all the words (with or without meaning having five [JE Main 2016, 4M) (a) doth arranged as, word SMALL is 59th (by 52nd Sth _126 A debate lb consists of 6 ils and boys. A team of ¢ ‘members is to be selected from this club including the selection of a captain (from among these 4 members) for the team. Ifthe team has to include at most one boy, then the number of ways of selecting the team is [JE Advanced 2016, 3M] - () 320 ee (95 ends 4 of them are aie nd Foran sha fiends 3 of them ey men Hs a esc andY have ne commen ae al number faye in NK ay together can throw a party inviting 3 ladies and 3 meq, ‘so that 3 friends of each of X and Y are in this party i (EE Maino a ou (a) 469 (0) 468 Answers Exercise for Session I HO) 2) A) kD 4) (0) 9.) 1.0) Exercise for Session 2 10) 20) A) 4) 5.0) 74d) 88) 9.00) 1O.K@) TL) I.) 1) 140) 18.06) 164d) Exercise for Session 3 1@ 20 3@ 40) 806) 6) 7.1%) 80) 9.02) 10.) Exercise for Session 4 L@ 20) 3 406) 600) 71) 0b) 9.06) 10.) nia) Ba 1d) 151) He) 18 (a) Exercise for Session © 24) 3) ke) 6.06) 71d) 80a) 9.06) 0,4) 2) 10) Ke) 1K) 16.60) 18. (0) Exercise for Session 6 1@ 20 3.6 4 80) 6@ 2B) 9.6) I) A). 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