REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2011 VOLUME 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VOLUME 2 WATER RESOURCES GOVERNANCE VOLUME 3 ENGINEERING STUDY VOLUME 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY VOLUME 5 POTABLE WATER SUPPLY IMMEDIATE WORKS VOLUME 6 WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK VOLUME 7 PERLIS VOLUME 8 KEDAH VOLUME 9 PULAU PINANG [VOLUME t0¥". KELANTAN S509 ju 7 * zi : VOLUME 11 TERENGGANU VOLUME 12 PAHANG VOLUME 13 PERAK VOLUME 14 SELANGOR, FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAYA VOLUME 15 NEGERI SEMBILAN VOLUME 16 MELAKA VOLUME 17 JOHOR VOLUME 18 SABAH VOLUME 19 FEDERAL TERRITORY OF LABUAN VOLUME 20 SARAWAKREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 10 - KELANTAN AUGUST 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION 4.0 INTRODUCTION 44 44 BACKGROUND 14 1.2 COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT 14 1.3. SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS — WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY 12 ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.0 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2A 24 MALAYSIAN ECONOMICS ANALYSIS 24 244 Overview Malaysia Economy 2000-2010 24 24.1.4 Gross Domestic Product Performance, 2000 - 2010 24 24.4.2 _ GDP Performance by Major Economic Activities, 2000 — 2010 a4 Growth Corridors ~ East Coast Economic Region (ECER) 25 GDP Projection 2011 ~ 2020 29 GDP Projection Malaysia 2020 ~ 2050 ant 24.4.4 — Overall Projection 2a4t 2.1.42 Projection by Economie Sector 242 24.5 Comparative State GDP Performance 243 2.1.51 GDP Performance by States 2000 ~ 2010 243 2.4.5.2 Manufacturing Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 246 2.1.53 Services Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States, 248 2.1.54 Agriculture Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 247 2.1.55 GDP Projection by States 2010 - 2060, Malaysia 218 2.4.8 East Coast State GDP Performance and Projection 224 24.7 Kelantan GDP Performance 224 24.74 Comparing to East Coast States Performance 2-2 2.1.72 States GOP Porformanco by Sector 2005 - 2010 22t 24.73 Projection 2.23 2.4.74 Assumptions 2.24 2.2 DEMOGRAPHY 2.28 224 Current Status 2.25 2.2.4.1 Population and Density 2.25 2.2.1.2 — Rate of Population Growth 2.25 22.2 Population Projection Up to 2050 2.28 22.24 Growth Corridor 2.26 22.22 Assumptions for Projection 2.27 2.2.2.3 Population Projection for Kelantan and its Districts 231 ‘RiGeneran 62 IWRSNAL REPORT Fal 10ReaniiTOOoe TOCA‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont-) Page No. ‘SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY 3.0 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY a 3. INTRODUCTION a4 3.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA 32 3.24 River Basins a2 3244 — SgKelantan Basin 32 324.2 Sq Golok, Sg Kemasin and Sg Semarak Basin 33 3.3 HYDROLOGICAL DATA 38 34 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS a4 344 Rainfall Analysis, a4 342 Evaporation Analysis 35 3.43 Low Flow Analysis 35 3431 Derivation of 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Key Streamflow 35 Stations 343.2 — Derivation ofthe 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Ungauged Sites 368 3433 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence for Key Streamflow 37 Stations 3434 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence for Ungaused Sites 3.44 Flood Flows Analysis Annex 3.1 « The Results Of 1-Day And 7-Day Low Flow At The Key Streamflow Stations ‘Annex 3.2 - The 50 Year 36-Month Low Flow Sequence At The Key Streamflow Stations, SECTION 4 GROUND WATER 4.0 GROUND WATER a 4.4 INTRODUCTION at 4.2 PRESENT UTILIZATION 44 424 Agriculture a4 422 Domestic 44 43 PREVIOUS STUDIES 48 4.3.1 Aquifers Identified (Eighth Malaysia Plan (2001 -2005) 46 432 Ground Water Quality Studies 46 4.33 Monitoring Wells within Well-Fleld-Tanjung Mas Well-Field ar 433.4 Ground Water Levels 47 433.2 Ground Water Quality “8 4333 PerolMas WellFielis 4413 4.33.4 Kubang Kerian Wol-Fild 413 4335 Pinu Geng Well-Field 4413 433.8 Kg Putoh Well-Fiold 44 433.7 Waka Bharu Well-Fietd 414 433.8 Kg Chap WellFiald 44 4.33.9 Monitoring Wells outside WellFields-Pengkalan Chepa 415 433.40 Jalan Merbau 416 433.11 Jerawat Ground Water Plant 416 433.12. Peringat “16 43313 Betis Kubu Besar 416 433.14 Kg Binjal 447 43345 Kedai Laat “17 433.16 Sekolah Kebangsaan Pasir Hor “m7 ‘Hone SOSENARSENAL REPORT TWANG KeariTOGe TOC2TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) ‘SECTION 4 GROUND WATER (Conti-) 44 434 433.17 Sekolah Kebangsaan Seribong 4.3.3.18 Pasir Tumboh 433.19 Kg Puteh Baru 4.33.20 Sekolah Kebangsaan Pasar Pekan 433.21 Bunit Susu 4.33.22 Monitoring Wells in the Teluk Kitang Domestic Waste Disposal Site Nitrate and Caliform Contaminants in ground water MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION Aas 4a Present 444 Licensing 44.1.2 Quantty abstracted Proposed 442.1 Licensing 442.2 Metering and tari SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE 50 8A ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE KELANTAN ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND - POTABLE WATER, 60 6A 62 63 64 WATER DEMAND POTABLE WATER BASIS AND CRITERIA REVIEW OF NWRS 2000 WATER DEMAND PROJECTION 624 Basis of Water Demand Projection WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION Domestic Water Demand Industrial Water Demand Institutional and Commercial Demands Service Factor Unsatisfied Demands Non Revenue Water WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 6.4.4 Water Demand Management Principles 642 Tools and Techniques 64.3 Water Pricing Management 644 Overseas Experience 64.5 Demand pcc Under Managed Scenario, PROJECTED WATER DEMAND ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION 70 TA WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION FOR PADDY INTRODUCTION Page No. 4-18 418 4-18 4-19 4-19 419 4-20 424 424 424 421 424 421 422 BA B41 et es e4 65 65 68 69 69 6-10 6-10 6-10 ett 6-12 6-12 613 613 ms ToosTABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION (Cont/-) 7.2 PRESENT IRRIGATION SCHEMES 7 7.24 Granary Area 4 7.22 Mini Granary and Minor Irrigation Schemes 73 7.8 FUTURE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT 76 7.4 WATER DEMAND FOR IRRIGATION 76 7.41 List Of Reference 78 SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND - NON-PADDY CULTIVATION 8.0 WATER DEMAND IN KELANTAN - NON-PADDY CULTIVATION et 8.1 AREAS OF CROPS: CURRENT AND PROJECTED et 8.2 CROP WATER CONSIDERATIONS at 8.3 _ ESTIMATION OF CROP EVAPORATION 82 8.3.1 Total Water Requirement a2 84 — SOURCES OF WATER B4 8&5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS et REFERENCES: a5 Annex 8.1 - Forecast Of Crop Areas Annex 8.2 - Monthly Water Requirements By Crops In Kelantan In 2007 - 2050 ‘SECTION 9 WATER DEMAND - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 9,0 WATER DEMAND - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY on 9.4 LIVESTOCK POPULATION ot 9.1.4 Existing Population ot 9.1.2 Projection Population to 2050 92 9.4.3 Projection Slaughter Number to 2050 93 9.2 WATER DEMAND a4 9.2.4 Drinking Water Demand a4 9.22 Wash Water Demand 28 9.2.3 Abattoir Water Demand 86 9.2.4 Total Livestock Water Demand er 9.3 WATER SOURCE or ‘SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER: 10.0 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN KELANTAN STATE, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 10-4 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10-4 10.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES AND REFERENCES, 10-2 10.3 STUDY OF ECONOMIC FACTORS 10-3 ‘iGonv aR 592 NARSFNAL REPORT 210 KSaniTOG cos TOs‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. ‘SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER (Cont!) 10.4 POWER DEMAND 103 10.5 ROLE OF HYDROPOWER PLANT 10-4 10.6 EXISTING HYDROPOWER IN KELANTAN 104 10.7 IDENTIFIED HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN KELANTAN 105 10.7.1 Prospective and Studied Major Projects 105 10.7.2 Brief Description of Projects 106 10.7.3 Rejected Hydropower Projects 106 10.8 COSTS AND ECONOMICS OF HYDROPOWER PROJECTS 107 10.8.1 Project Cost Updating Methodology 107 1082 — Economic Evaluation 108 10.8.3 Project Cost Categories 10-9 10.9 MINIMAL PLANT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. 10-10 10.10 PLAN FOR FUTURE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT to-11 10.10.41 Future Hydropower Development Plan 10-11 1010.2 2010-2015 Period 10-12 1010.3 2015-2020 Period 10-12 1010.4 2020-2030 Period 10-13 1010.5 2030-2050 Period 10-43 40.41 HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT DATA SUMMARY TABLES 10-43 SECTION 11 SEWERAGE 11.0 SEWERAGE 144 14.4 INTRODUCTION 144 11.2. PROFILE OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM at 11.3. SLUDGE GENERATION 118 ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION 4120 FLOOD MITIGATION ta 424 INTRODUCTION te 122 EXISTING AREAS AFFECTED te 123 _ EXISTING FLOOD MITIGATION PROJECTS ted 124 FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES tad 125 STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES 125 126 _ NON-STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES 127 12.7 FLOOD MITIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1244 128 _ CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS tata ion 0o2 NWRGENAL REPORT HAVALIO KaanTOG dee TOCS‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 13.0 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 134 13.0.1 State of Kelantan 13.2 131 SAND MINING 13.3 132 DEFORESTATION AND LAND CLEARING 134 13.3. DAM AND STORAGE CAPACITIES 135 13.4 IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS, BARRAGES AND OTHER RIVER 136 STRUCTURES 13.5 CONCLUSIONS 197 13.51 Referances 137 SECTION 14 RIVER TRANSPORTATION 144 14.0 RIVER TRANSPORTATION 144 144 REFERENCES 142 SECTION 15 COASTAL ASPECTS 15.0 COASTAL ASPECTS 154 151 SHORELINE DESCRIPTION 154 152 COASTAL OUTLETS 154 153 IMPACT OF OUTLETS ON SHORELINE ADJACENT TO OUTLETS. 152 154 SALINE INTRUSION 152 1541 References 152 SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 18.0 WATER RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 164 181 INTRODUCTION 164 18.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF KELANTAN 162 18.3 WATER AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND. 163 164 POPULATION 165 164.1 Current Status on Population, Growth Rates and Density 165 184.2 Population Projection Up to 2050 166 46.58 SOCIO-CULTURAL PROFILE 167 16.5.1 torical and Cultural Heritage 167 16.5.2 Indigenous Communities 168 16.6 LANDUSE 169 16.6.1 Current Landuse 16-9 16.6.2 Future Landuse 16-1 1663 Committed Landuse 16-12 ‘dens 6 NWREFAAL REPORT 12a (OaemanTOCae Toss‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) Page No. ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (Cont) 16.7 PRIORITY NEEDS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 16-15 168 FORESTECOSYSTEMS 16-16 16.8.1 Status and Spatial Coverage 16-16 168.2 Ecological Assets 16-19 16.8.3 Important Ecological Site 16.21 Impacts on Water Resources and the Environment 16-23 Conservation Efforts in Forested Ecosystem 16-24 Future Gonservation Efforts 16-25 169 _ LAKES AND WETLANDS ECOSYSTEM 16-26 16.9.1 Lakes 16-28 189.2 Wetlands 16-29 16.10 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 16-32 16.11 OVERALL ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION STATUS 16-34 16.1.1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas 16-34 16.12 COMMERCIAL INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 16-38 1612.1 Fishery/Aquaculture Resources 16-38 1612.2 Current Aquaculture Production 16-30 1612.3 Water Requirements for Aquaculture 16-41 1612.4 Issues and Conservation Considerations. 16-42 1643 RECREATION AND TOURISM 16-43 16.131 Tourist Consumption 18-43 1613.2 Water-Related Tourism Sites 16-45 16.14 WATER QUALITY AND SOURCE OF POLLUTION 16-45 16.141 River Water Quality Assessment Based on Wat 16-45 1614.2 Raw Water Quality Assessment at the Water Abstraction Areas. 16-47 161421 Ground Water 16-47 16.1422 Raw Water 16-48 1615 CONTRIBUTION FROM SEWAGE. 16-49 1616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SOLID WASTE 16-51 16.6.1 Impacts on Water Resources 16-53 16.17 SUSTAINING THE ENVIRONMENT 16-54 1647.4 Environmental Flow 16-55 1618 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY 16-62 1618.1 Recommendation 1 ~ Protection of Water Source Areas 16-62 1618.2 Recommendation 2 Integrated Lake Basin Management 16-64 18183 Recommendation 3 - Biodiversity inventory 16-64 1618.4 Recommendation 4~ Establish Environmental Flow Program 16-64 1818.5 Recommendation 5 - Garry out capacity Building and Awareness 16-65 Programs 1618.6 Recommendation 6 - Landuse Zoning for Water Source Areas 16-65 1648.7 Recommendation 7 ~ Sustainability of Water Resources for Fisheries 16-66 1618.8 Recommendation 8 ~ Water Quality Improvement and Pollution 16-67 Prevention Programs Annex 16.1 - Classifacation Of Lakes Status Annex 16.2 - Water Quality ‘Annex 16.3 - Case Study On The Main Environmental Issues And Impacts Of A Landfill Project ‘Genes 60 MRS NAL REPORT ral 40KonaTOG aoe Toor‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCE ANALYSIS 17.0 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS - WATER SOURCE DEVELOPMENT 174 BASIS AND CRITERIA 172 WATER DEMANDS 1721 Potable Water 1722 Irrigation 17.2.3 Agriculture 172.4 — Environmental Flows 17.3 RUN OF THE RIVER YIELDS 174 REGULATED YIELD ~ Simulation Results and Discussion 178 SUMMARY 175.1 List of Reference SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS. 18.0 DEVELOPMENT WORKS 181 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - POTABLE WATER SUPPLY 18.1.1 Introduction 18.1.2 Existing Potable Water Supply System 18.121 Existing Source Works and Capacity 181.22 Treated Water System 18.123 Non Revenue Water Status 18.1.2.4 Existing Treated Water Supply Networks 181.25 Existing Laboratory Testing Facilities 18.1.3 Review of Development Works In NWRS 2000 Study 18.3.1 Status of Development Works Proposed 18.1.3.1.1 Water Source Works 18.1.3.1.2 Water Treatment Plants 18.1.4 Recommendations Development Works and Implementation Program 18.1.4. RawWeter 18.1.4.1.1 Dam and Storages 48.1.4.1.2 Groundwater {8.1.4.2 Treated Water Supply System 18.14.21 Generel Kota Bharu Tanah Merah 181.440 Jeli 18.1.4.11 Kuala Kral 18.1.412 Gua Musang 18.1.8 Costing 18.1.5.4 Introduction 18.1.5.2 Cost of Source Works 18.4.5.3 Water Supply System Cost Estimates 18.2 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - IRRIGATION 182.1 Introduction 1822 Proposed Development Works Page No. 17-4 tr4 17-4 17-4 17-4 17-8, 17-5 17-5 17.8 17-13 1744 tet 184 184 184 184 18.2 185 18-8 187 18-9 189 18-9 1810 1842 1842 1e12 1842 1813 18.13 1814 1848 18-16 18-17 18-18 18-19 18-20 18.21 18-22 18-23 18-24 18-24 18-28 18-26 18-29 18-28 18-29 Gans a RENAL REPORT 120 KeuraniTOCdoe TOCsTABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS (Cont-) 1823 List Of Reference 16-30 18.3 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - GROUND WATER. 18-31 18.4 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - FLOOD MITIGATION 10-33 18.4.1 Existing Flood Mitigation Schemes With Potential for Surface Water 18-33 Resource Development 184.11 Flood Detention Ponds 18-33 184.12 Disuso Mining Ponds 18-33 18.4.1.3 Swamps and Wellands 18-33 18.4.2 Proposed Guidelines For Future Flood Mitigation Schemes With 18-33 Potential For Water Resources Development 1843 Flood Forecasting 18.34 1844 Flood Management 18-34 18.4.5 Flood Plain / River Corridor Management 18-39 18.4.6 Storm Water Management - MASMA 18-40 18.4.7 Flood Risk Mapping 18-40 SECTION 49 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS 19.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS 194 194 INTRODUCTION to 192 LOCATION to 193 OBJECTIVE 193 194 SCOPE OF WORK 193 19.5 DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS. 194 196 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS, RELEVANT ACTS AND REGULATIONS 195 19.7 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 19-7 19.8 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS 199 198.1 Ecological Issues 19-0 198.2 Social Issues 19.12 198.3 Water Quality and Flow 1943 198.4 Other Issues 1913 19.9 RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATIRX (RIAM) 1914 1991 Lebir Dam 19-15 19.10 RIAM SUMMARY 19:23 Revision Description ‘Originator Reviewer ‘Approval Date 4 Tssued to Client Key Team KM CML ‘August Members 2011 Gane 682 VASNAL REPORT 123,10 Keia\TOO aoe ToCeREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 10 — KELANTAN AUGUST 2011 LIST OF TABLES: SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Available Rainfall in Malaysia Table 1.2 ‘Water Demand for Various Sectors in Kelantan Table 1.3 Total Water Resource Demand in Kelantan (mm rainfall per year) SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Table 2.1 Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 — GOP Malaysia (Value atconstant 2000 prices) Table 22 Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 (Projected) ~ GDP Malaysia Value in RM milion at constant 2000 prices Table2.3 GDP 2010-2020, Malaysia Table2.4 GDP Projection 2016 - 2050, Malaysia Table25 Assumed Sectors Contribution to GDP, 2020-2050 Table2.6 GDP Projection by Sector 2020 - 2050, Malaysia Table2.7 GDP by States, 2000 ~ 2010 (value in RM milion) Table2.8 GDP by States, 2000-2010 Tabie2.9 GDP by State - Manufacturing, 2008 - 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table2.10 GDP by State - Services Sector, 2005 ~ 2008 (Value in Constant yoar 2000 prices) Table 2.11 GDP by State~ Agriculture Sector, 2005 - 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table 2.12 Projected GOP by States, 2010 - 2020, Malaysia Table2.13 3 East Coast States GOP Performance; 2000 - 2010, Malaysia (Value in RM millon) Table2.14 3 East Coast States Projected GDP; 2010 ~ 2050 Table 2.15 Kelantan GDP by Sector 2006 - 2010 (Constant year 2000 prices) Table 2.16 Kelantan State GDP Projection, 2010 ~ 2050 by Sector Table 2.17 Kelantan State GDP Distibution by Sector, 2010 ~ 2050 Table2.18 Basic Population by Districts, 2010 Table 2.18 Population Size and Average Annual Rate of Population Growth of Kelantan 1991, 2000 Table 2.20 Projected Urbanisation Lovel for Kelantan by Districts, 2000-2050 Table 2.21 Percentage Distibution of Workers by Main Industral Groups by District Kelantan, 2000 Table 2.22 Percentage Distribution of Workers by Main Industrial Groups by District 2010 ~ 2050 Table 2.23 Population Projections ('000) under High, Medium and Low Variant Assumption for Ketantan Table 2.24 Estimated Urban and Rural Population (000) based on the High Variant Projection Table 2.25 Estimated Urben and Rural Population (000) based on the Medium Variant Projection Table 2.28 Estimated Urban and Rural Population ('000) based on the Low Variant Projection SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Table 3.1 Rainfall Stations Used in Analysis Table 3.2 Long Term Mean Monthly, Annual Rainfall and Drought Monthly Rainfalt ‘Gene 608 AVASIFNAL REPORT 1VL10Kelantel OFTateoeLIST OF TABLES (Conti-) Table 3.3, Evaporation Station Used in Analysis Table 3.4 Long Term Mean Monthly anc Annual Evapotranspiration Table 3.5 ‘Streamflow Stations Used in Low Flow Analysis Table 3.6 ‘Streamflow Stations Used in Drought Sequence Analysis, Table 3.7 4-day and 7-day Low Flow at Key Streamflow Stations Table 3.8{a) _S-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamflow Stations Table 3.8(b) 50-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamflow Stations Table 3.9 Flood Flows of Various Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) SECTION 4 GROUND WATER Table 4.1 ‘Ground Waier Use In Kelantan (For 2010) (After Air Kelantan Sdn Bhd) Table 4.2 Physical and Chemical Parameters Analysed in Ground Watar Table 4.3 Monitoring Wells within Ground Water Abstraction Wall Fields (After JMG) Table 4.4 Monitoring Wells outside Ground Water Abstraction Well Fields (After JMG) Table 4.5 Monitoring Wells within Domestic Waste Disposal Stes (After JMG) SECTION § ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE Table 5.1 ‘Comparison of WTP Capacity and Yield SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND POTABLE WATER Table 6.4 ‘Actual Production versus NWRS 2000 Projection Table 6.2 ‘Summary of pec (cd) Table 6.3 ‘Summary of Industrial Consumption Per Worker Per Day (IMw/d) Table 6.4 Commercial and Institutional Demand (as % of Domestic Demand) Table 6.5 ‘Summary of NRW (%) Table 6.6 Projected Water Demand for Kelantan Table 6.7 ‘Summary of Water Demand Projection by District SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND IRRIGATION Table 7.4, Sub-Schemes of Kumubu Irigation Scheme Table 7.2 Imrigation Efficiencies Adopted in Water Demand Projection Table 7.3 11 mini granary irigation schemes in Kelantan Table 7.4 Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for 3 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Kemubu Irrigation Schema Table 7.5 Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for One Plenting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Kemasin-Semarak Inigation Scheme Table 7.6 Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wel Seeded Rice Mini Granary Schemes, Kelantan (Zone 8) Table 7.7 Eztimation of rrigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Minor Inigation Schemes, Kelantan (Zone 8) Table 7.8 Inrigation Water Demand Projection in Kelantan State SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND NON-PADDY CULTIVATION Table 8.1 Crop Areas in Kelantan Projacied to 2050 (ha) Table 8.2 ‘Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) and Evaporation (mmiday) for Kelantan Table 8.3, ‘Monthly Water Requirements for Non-Paddy Crops in Kelantan 2007 ~ 2050 ('000 m®) ‘Widen 608 NWREFWAL REPORT aha /O rman OFTaveeaee| WLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) SECTION 9 WATER DEMAND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Table 9.1 Poultry Standing Population (2008) Table 9.2 Ruminant and Pig Standing Populations by Districts (2008) Table 9.3 Percentage Change in Livestock Populations Table 9.4 Projected Livestock Standing Populations Table 9.5 Projected Poultry Standing Populations Table 9.6 Projected Slaughtered Animals per Annum Table 9.7 Projected Slaughtered Poultry per Annum Table 9.8 ‘Typical Water Consumption under Hot Weather Condition Table 9.9 Projected Drinking Water Demand for Livestock (m*lyear) Table 810 Projected Drinking Water Domand for Poultry (m°/year) Table 9.11 Wash Weter Requirement under Malaysian Condition (L/head/day) Table 9.12 Projected Wash Water Demand for Livestock (m"/year) Table 9.13 Projected Wash Water Demand for Poultry (m"/year) Table 9.14 Abattoir Water Requirement under Malaysian Condition Table 9.1 Projected Abattoir Wator Requirement (m*yoar) Table 9.16 Total Livestock Water Requirement (m‘/year) Table 9.17 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Non-Ruminants Table 9.18 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Ruminants ‘SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER Table 10.1 Existing Hydroelectric Piants Energy Outputs and Capacity Factors Table 10.2 Prospective Economically Viable Hydropower Projects Table 10,3 Rejected Hydropower Projects Not Evaluated Further in this Study Table 10.4 Peninsula Storage HEP Economic Evaluation Data Table 10.5 Overall Evaluation of Future Hydropower Projects Table 10.6 Minimum Pant Additions After 2010 in the Peninsula Table 10.7 lure Hydropower Development Plan Table 10.8 Prospective Economically Viable HEP Cheracterstios Summary SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Table 11.1 Sewerage facities and Population Equivalent (PE) served in Kelantan (as at 2008) Table 11.2 Sewerage facies in Local Authority area and Population Equivalent (PE) sorved (Kelantan) Table 11.3 Annual estimated sludge quantity generated from all sewerage faciities (Year 2006, Kelantan) Table 11.4 List of Existing STP with Population Equivalent 22,000 in Kelantan ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Table 12.1 _ Flood Prone Areas with respect to Land Use Table 12.2 Flood Prone Areas in River Basing Table 12.3 Mejor Flood Mitigation Projects Under RMKE-9 ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Table 13.1 Average Suspended Sediment Loadings at the SedimentiStreamflow Gauging Stations "Genoa RO 682 HWASERAL REPORT 2010 Kaas Tavon >| itLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Table 16.4 Table 16.2 Table 16.3 Table 16.4 Table 16.5 Table 18.6 Table 18.7 Table 16.8 Table 16.8 Table 16.10 Tablo 16.11 Table 16.12 Table 16.13 Table 16.14 Table 16.15 Table 16.16 Table 16.17 Table 16.18 Table 16.19 Table 16.20 Table 16.21 Table 16.22 Table 16.23 Table 16.24 Table 16.25 Table 16.26 Table 16.27 Table 16.28 Table 16.29 Table 16.30 Table 16.31 Table 16.32 Table 16.33 Table 16.34 Table 16.35 Table 16.36 Table 16.37 Table 16.38 Main River Basins of Kelantan ‘Total Water Demand for All Sectors In Kelantan Total Water Availabilty n Kelantan (mm rainfall per year) Basic Population by Districts, 2010 Heritage and Archaeologicel Sites in Kelentan (Orang Asti Poputation in Kelantan by Etmnic Group, 2008 Current Landuse Projected Increases in Builtup Landuses (ha), 2020 ‘Total Forest Areas and Classification of Permanent ReservedForesis in Kelantan, 2008 List of Permanont Resorvad Forosts and Forest Types in Kelantan (ha), 2008 Virgin Jungle Reserves in Kelantan Tne Hyper-Endemic Trees of Kelantan and its Locations List of Endangered Fauna Recorded at Selected Catchment Arees in Kelantan ‘Summary of Key Findings at Gunung Stong State Park Criteria of High Conservation Value (HCV) Classes List of Lakes in Kelantan List of Wetlands in Kelantan Disturbances, Threats and Conservation Measures ESA in the Distict of Gua Musang and Jel High Impact Project in Kelantan Aquaculture Production in Kelantan for 2007 and 2008 (Ormamental Fishes and Hatcheries Production (no, of individuals) in Kelantan, 2007-2008, Projected Area (he) and Water Requirements (milion m*) under Pond/Tank Aquaculture [Number of Hotels and Rooms by State in 2008 Kelantan Tourist Arrivals Projected from 2010 to 2060 Projected Annual Water Domand by Foreign Visitors to Kelantan (2010-2050) Water Quality Sietus of Main River Basins in Kelantan Total Sewage Loading in Kelantan Waste Genoration Rate for Kelantan List of Landfils in Ketantan 2008, Location of Listod Lanafills within the State of Kelantan Methods Applied to Rivers in Malaysian Statos Water Level Station ID 6022424 in Kelantan 7-day low flow of Kelantan Water Level Station for 1,5 and 50 yeer Return Periods Flow Regime from Tennant (Montana) Method for Station 1D 6022421, River Management Class Based on Water Quality Conditions in Kelantan Rivers River Management Ciass Based on Stato Urbanisation Level Details of Recommendation 8 - Water Quality Improvement and Pollution Prevention SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCE ANALYSIS Teble 17.4 Table 172 Table 17.3 Table 17.4 Table 17.5 Teblo 17.6 Woter Source Reguirement Irigation Weter Demand Projection in Kelantan State Projected Agriculture Water Demand Kelantan River Yield for 1 In §-Year Low Flow al Various Intake Points Results of Yield Analysis for Existing Raw Weter Sources (1 in 50-year Drought) Low Flow Analysis for Major River Basin in Kelantan ‘Genes 66S NWREENAL REPORT 12a 10 auton OTe deeLIST OF TABLES (Contl-) Table 17.7 The Results ofthe Simulation Table 178 The Projected Rantau Panjang Inigation Water Demand Table 179 Irrigation Supply-Demand for 8kt. Kwong Dam (2010 1 in 5-year) Table 17.10 Irrigation Supply-Demand for Bkt. Kwong Dam (2050, 1 in 6-year) Table 17.11 Proposed Water Source Works and Yield ‘SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS Table 18.1 Existing Weter Treatment Piants in Kelantan Table 18.2 Actual and Adopted NRW ("4) Table 18.3 Proposed Water Treaiment Plants (NWRS 2000) and Status Table 18.4 Proposed Loading Factor For Water Supply Table 18.5 Proposed WTPs for Kola Bharu District Table 12.6 Proposed WTPs for Bachok District Table 18,7 Proposed WTP for Machang District Table 18.8 Proposed WTPs for Pasir Puteh District Table 18.9 Proposed WTPs for Tumpat District Table 18.10 Proposed WTPs for Pasir Mas District Table 18.11 Proposed WTPs for Tanah Merah District Table 18.12 Proposed WTPs for Joli District Table 18.13 Proposed WTPs for Kuala Krai District Table 18.14 Proposed WTPs for Gua Musang District Table 18.15 Components and Basis of Cost Estimates Table 18.16 Source Works Cost Estimates : Table 18.17 Project List and Costing for Development Work until 2050, Table 18.18 Water Source Work Projects Identified in Kelantan Table 18.19 Flood Management Strategies Framework Table 18.20 JPS's Encroachment Guideline SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS Table 19.1. Assessment Criteria for RIAM Table 18.2 Range bands used for RIAM Table 19.3 Description of Components and the impact Categories for Lebir Dam Table 19.4 Summary of the RIAM Assessment for Lebir Dam Hoar 252 N/RSIERAL REPORT 12810 Kast OF TabaneREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 10 - KELANTAN AUGUST 2011 LIST OF FIGURES ‘SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Weter Demand in Various Sector ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Figure 2.1 Percentage Projected Distibution of Workers in Main Industrial Sector 2010, 2050 Figure2.2 Percentage of Workforce by Districts in 2010 and 2050 Figure 2.3 Total Population Projection Growth for the State of Kelantan ‘SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Figure 3.1 Hydrological Stations Used for Analysis SECTION 4 GROUNDWATER Figure 4.1 Hydrogeology Map of Kelantan (After JMG 2007) Figure 4.2 Hydrogeology of North Kelantan (After A.R. Sameudin etal (2007) Figure 4.3. Fence Diagram of Alluvial Aquifer System of North Kelantan (After JMG) Figure 4.4 Monitoring Wells of JMG, NAHRIM and Jabatan Alam Sekitar (After NAHRIM) Figure 4.5 Total Coliforms in Ground Water, North Kelantan (After NAHRIM) Figure 4.6 Faecal Coliforms ( Col) in Ground Water, North Kelantan (After NAHRIM) ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND POTABLE WATER Figure6.1 Districts in Kelantan Figure 6.2 Actual Production versus NWRS 2000 Projected Water Demand Figure 6.3 Projected Water Demand for Kelantan Figure 6.4 Water Demand Projection Curve Kota Bharu District Figure 6.5 Water Demand Projection Curve Bachok District Figure 6.6 Water Demand Projection Curve Pasir Putin District Figure 6.7 Water Demand Projection Curve Machang District Figure 6.8 Water Demand Projection Curve Tumpat District Figure 6.9 Water Demand Projection Curve Pasir Mas District Figure 6.19 Water Demand Projection Curve Taneh Merah District igure 6.11 Water Demand Projection Curve Jeli District Figure 6.12 Water Demand Projection Curve Kuala Kral District Figure 6.13 Water Demand Projection Curve Gua Musang District. ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND IRRIGATION Figure 7.1 Location of Kemubu Granary Area igure 7.2 Location of Kemasin Semerak Granary Area iGonte 682 WAS AL REPORT 12a 10 Karns CF Fauon aeLIST OF FIGURES (Cont/-) Figure 7.3. Estimation of Irigation Weter Demand for 3 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Kemubu Irigation Scheme Figure 7.4. Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for One Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice Kemasin-Semarak trigation Scheme Figure 7.5 Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice ini Granary Schemes, Kelantan (Zone 8) Figure 7.6 Estimation of Irigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seeded Rice ‘Minor Inigation Schemes, Kelantan (Zone 8) SECTION 40 HYDROPOWER Figure 10.1 Existing & Identified Hydropower Sites In The Peninsular Malaysia Figure 10.2 Power Demand for Peninsular Figure 10.3 Indicative Power Demand and Future Hydropower Planting-Up for the Peninsular SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Figure 14.1 Percentage of Population Equivalent (PE) served by Type of Sewerage Faiities Figure 11.2 Percentage of sewerage coverage (In % PE) based on Local Authority areas (Kelantan) Figure 11.3 Maps of location of STPs, Water Treatment Plants (WTP) and Dams ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Figure 12.1 Flood Prone Areas in Kelantan Figure 12.2 Structural Flood Mitigation Measures Figure 12.3 Flood Forecasting and Flood Routing ~ Concept Flow Chart Figure 12.4 Daily Average Fiow of Sg Perak at Kuala Kangsar ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Figure 13.1 Aerial View of Pergau Dam ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Figure 16.1. Districts of Kelantan Figure 16.2 Total Projected Popviation for Kelantan Figure 16.3 Current Landuse of Kelantan Figure 16.4 Commilled Landuse of Kelantan Figure 16.5 Forest Areas in Kelantan Figure 16.5 Location of the Gunung Stang Area Figure 16.7 Location of Lakes in Kelantan Figure 16.8 Satellite Image of the Tumpat Lagoon and Kelantan Delta Figure 16.9 Study Area of Aquatic Ecosystem at Sy Gaias nearby Sg Dabong Figure 16:10 ESAin Kelantan Figure 16.11 Assumptions on Waste Generation Projections Figure 16.12 Locations of Landfil Sites Upstream of River Intake Poins for Water Treatment Plans in the State of Kelantan Figure 16.13 Distribution of Daily Flow at Station ID 6022424 Figure 16.14 Flow Duration Curves for Station ID 6022421 SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS Figure 17.1. Schematic Mode! Simulation for Bukit Kwong Dam Figure 17.2 _Irigalion Supply-Demand Curve Simulated for Bkt. Kwong Dam (2010 1 in S-year) Figure 17.3 Irigation supply-demand curve simulated for Bkt, Kwong Dam (2050 1 in 5-year) ‘Geno 62 NWRGFWAL REPORT 2a.(0 Kaun OFFgven doe iFigure 17.4 Figure 17.5 LIST OF FIGURES (Cont!-) Water level profile fo Bkt Kwong Dam (2010 1 in 5-year) Water level profile for BkL. Kwong Dem (2060 1 in 5-year) SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS Figure 18.4 Figure 18.2 Figure 16.3, Figure 16.4 Figure 18.5 Figure 18.6 Figure 18.7 Figure 18.8 Figure 18.9 Figure 18.10 Figure 18.11 Figure 18.12 Figure 18.13 Figure 18.14 Figure 18.15 Existing WTP in Kelantan Proposed Lebir Dam Site Supply-Demand Curve For Kota Bharu Supply-Demand Curve For Bachok Supply-Demand Curve For Machang ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Pasir Puteh Supply-Domand Curve For Turnpat ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Pasir Mas. ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Tanah Merah ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Jeit Proposed Location of Jell2 Intake ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Kuala Krai ‘Supply-Demand Curve For Gua Musang Hydrogeological Map of Kelantan Integrated Flood Management Model (GWP and WMO, 2004¢) ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS Figure 19.1 Figure 19.2 Figure 19.3 Figure 19.4 Proposed Lebir Dem Site and Approximate Catchment in Kelantan Ikan Kelah commonly found in 8g Lebir and Sg Pertang ‘Comparison of Positive and Negative Impacts ‘Summary of the RIAM Assessment ~ Lebir Dam ‘Gere C2 NWVASINAL REPORT 1210 Kenn OFFgaondoeAE AAGR AKSB AN ARI BAKU BOM BKSA BLS BoD BRH cop CAPEX CORPRI Nil COAG cst DAINET DBKL DID bo DOA DOE DSA Dss vs ECER ECM EIA EMP. EPU EQA EscP Eto LIST OF ABBREVIATION ‘Annual Average Flow ‘Actual Evaporation Average Annual Growth Rate Air Kelantan Sdn Bhd ‘Ammoniacat Nitrogen ‘Average Recurrence Interval Bekalan Air Kelantan Utara Billion Cubic Metres Badan Kawal Selia Air Pahang /State Water Regulatory Body Barat Laut Selangor Biochemical Oxygen Demand Bernam River Headworks, Chemical Oxygen Demand Capital Expenditure Corporatization/Privatization Critical National Information Infrastructure Couneil of Australian Government Centralised Septic Tanks Development Alternatives Information Network Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur Department of Irrigation and Drainage / Jabatan Pengairen dan Saliran Dissolved Oxygen Department of Agriculture Department of Environment / Jabatan Alam Sekitar Drought Sequence Analyses Decision Support System Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia Easter Corridors Economic Region Energy Commission of Malaysia Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Economic Planning Unit (Federal) Environmental Quality Act Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Evapo-transpiration HiGanerai 68 MWREFNALAIt OF Arvaten doeFAO FR FIPP. FTWCR FTWRD FWRD GDP GEV ais GNP Wh eWhia ewe ha HEP. IADA lADP IoM Iczm iFM IFR LBM Iwas IPP IRBM Ist ISRWT lucN WK IWRM IWRSNR, JAS BA LIST OF ABBREVIATION Food and Agriculture Organisation Forest Reserves Federal Territory / Wilayah Persekutuan Fair Trade Practices Policy Federal Territories Water Resources Council Federal Territories Water Resources Department Federal Water Resources Division Gross Domestic Product General Extreme Value Geographical Information System Gross National Product Gigawatt-hour Gigawatt-hours per annum Giobal Water Partnership hectare Hydro-electric Project Integrated Agricultural Development Area Integrated Agricultural Development Project Integrated Catchment Management Integrated Coastal Zone Management International Conference on Weter and the Environment Integrated Flood Management In-Flow-Requirement Integrated Lake Basin Management Interim National Water Quality Standard Intellectual Property Independent Power Producer Integrated River Basin Management Individual Septic Tanks Inter-State Raw Water Transfer Intemational Union for the Conservation of Nature Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Integrated Water Resources Management IWRS - Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia Jabatan Alam Sekitar / Department of Environment Jabatan Bekalan Air / Water Supply DepartmentJICA JKR JMG JPS JPSPN KeTTHA KKM kn kW kw, kwh LAP LPPP Uicld or led avid of wd LNG LN2P LNaP LSAN LUAS LUAN MHLG Mi Mid LIST OF ABBREVIATION Japanese International Cooperation Agency Jabatan Kerja Raya ! Public Work Department Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains / Department of Minerals and Geo-Scionce Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran / Department of Irrigation and Drainage Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijau Dan Air Malaysia / Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia Kementerian Kesthatan Malaysia / Ministry of Health Kilometre Kilowatt Kuching Water Board kllowatt-hour Lembaga Al Perak Laporan Penyiasatan Pengeluaran Padi litres/capitalday litres/workeriday Liquefied Natural Gas Log-normal 2- parameter Log-normal 3-parameter Lembaga Sumber Air Negeri Kedah Lembaga Urus Air Selangor / Selangor Water Management Authority Lembaga Urus Air Kedah / Kedah Water Resource Board Muda Agricultural Development Authority Mean Annual Flood Mean Annual Minimum Mean Annual Catchment Rainfall Malaysian Agricultural Development institute Malaysian Criteria & Indicator Million Cubic Metres Maximum Demand Multiple Effect Ministry of Housing and Local Government Million Litres Million Litres Per Day "areata 082 NARSFRALLN OF eds aoe iMMD_ MNC MNMP MOH MoNRE/NRE MP MSF MSMA MVA Mw mois NAHRIM NAM NATIP NCER NDWasP NERC NGO NIPP NLC NREO NRW Nwi NwMs. Nwams NWRC NWRD NWRL NWRP NWRS Nwsc oic OPP3 PAAB PCOlpce PomP LIST OF ABBREVIATION Malaysian Meteorological Department / Jabatan Meteorolog! Malaysia Multinationals Company Malaysian National Medicine Policy Ministry of Health Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia Malaysia Plan Multi-stage Flash Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Manufacturing Value-added Megawatt Cubic metres/second National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia Non-allgned Movement National Timber Industry Policy Northern Corridors Economie Region National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme National Environment Research Council Non Government Organisation National intellectual Policy National Land Council Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance Non Revenue Water National Water Initiative National Water Market System National Water Quality Management Strategy National Water Resources Council National Water Resources Department National Water Resources Law National Water Resources Policy National Water Resources Study National Water Services Commission Organization of islamic Conference Third Outline Perspective Pian Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad Per capita consumption Power Development Master Plan ‘Gener Gz NWRGFNALL OF Aerevatense wPE PFR PGMs PMF PMP PPA PsP PTG RBC RO RDC ROZ RO. SAINS SAIP SALCRA ‘SAMB ‘SAP sBcP SCORE spc SESB SESCO SEB ‘SFMLA SFZ SITExT SMI SPAN ‘SSMP sTIDC sTP swe sWR ‘SWRA SWRC SWRD LIST OF ABBREVIATION Population Equivalent Permanent Reserved Forests Pacific Garbage Management Systems Probable Maximum Flood Probable Maximum Precipitation Power Purchase Agreement Power Systems Development Master Plan Pejabat Tanah dan Galien / Land and Mines Department Public Works Department / Jabatan Kerje Raya Rotating Biological Contractor Reinforced Concrete Regional Development Corridor Regional Demand Zone Reverse Osmosis ‘Syatikat Air Negeri Sembilan Sdn Bhd ‘Sabah Agro-Industrial Precinct Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad Sabah Agricultural Policy Sapangar Bay Container Port Sarawak Corridors of Renewable Energy Sabah Development Corridor Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd Sarawak Electricity Supply Company Sarawak Energy Berhad ‘Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement Sapangar Free Zone Sandakan Integrated Trade Exchange Terminal ‘Smell And Medium Industry Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara / National Water Services Commission Sabah Shoreline Management Pian ‘Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation ‘Sewage Treatment Plant ‘Sibu Water Board State Water Resources State Water Resources Agency State Water Resources Council State Water Resources Department‘SWRTC SYABAS. Tom TEM TNB Tonnestha TOR ss UNDP UPEN URS ve WAMCO. wom wr WHO. we wal war WRP. WRDMC wsia wtp wwe LIST OF ABBREVIATION State Water Resources Technical Committee ‘Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn Bhd Total Catchment Management Transient electromagnetic ‘Tenaga Nasional Berhad Metric tons per hectare Terms of Reference Total Suspended Solids United Nations Development Programme Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri / State Economic Planning Unit Conduct a User Requirements Study Vapour Compression Water Asset Management Company Water Demand Management Water for the Future World Health Organization Wilayah Persekutuan / Federal Territory Water Quality index Water Quality Improvement Plan Water Resources Plans Water Resources Development and Management Corporation Water Services Industry Act 2008 Water Treatment Plant World Water Council ‘Gene 08 NARSENADUA Of Reason ae viREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000 ~ 2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT, VOLUME 10 - KELANTAN AUGUST 2011 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION10 44 12 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Kelantan cover an area of 15,099 km? and is located on the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia, bordered by parts of southern Thailand to the north, Perak to the west, Pahang to the south and Terengganu to the south-east. It comprises ten (10) administrative districts, which are Kota Bharu, Tumpat, Machang, Pasir Puteh, Bachok, Jel, Tanah Merah, Pasir Mas, Kuala Krai and Gua Musang. Hilly terrains are found on the southern parts of the State, separated by the Titwangsa Mountain Range, with fertile coastal plains downstream defining the geography of the region. ‘The river valley is dominated by paddy cultivation, hardwood, rubber, oll palm and tropical frulls. The forests are habitats to rich terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. The major rivers include Sg Nenggiri, Sg Lebir, Sg Galas, Sg Pergau, Sg Kelantan, Sg Gotok, Sg Kemasin, Sg Pengkalan Chepa, Sg Pengkalan Datu and Sg Semerak. Vegetable farming has recently been introduced at Lojing Highlands in the District of Gua Musang. The area has created much controversy due to farming activities on highlands causing large amounts of silt and sediment runoff into the receiving tributaries of Sg Nenggiti and Sg Kelantan. Oil palm and rubber plantations dominate the agricultural landscape with processing factories being important sources of water pollution. Fishing and livestock farming are also important industries in the State, especially at the downstream part of the large Sg Kelantan basin, ‘The sections that follow will provide various relevant aspects pertaining to water resources management in the State to satisfy various demands based on water resources availabilty, Considerations of water resources management are the economy, demography, surface water hydrology, ground water availability, potable water demand, irrigated paddy water demand, non-paddy agriculture water demand, altemative sources of water, other irrigation water demand, hydropower, and the limiting factors such as sewerage, flood mitigation, river sedimentation, river navigation, and water pollution. Specifically retevant to the environmental ‘and engineering aspects are water quailty, landuse, forestry, environmental flows, fisheries, livestocks and solid wastes. All these are reviewed and studied culminating in recommendations for water resources projects, particularly, potable water supply, in the State. COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT The State Report will cover the engineering and environmental aspects of the water resources development in the State. The subject matters covered in the Kelantan State report are as follows: Section2 —- Economic and Demography oe eo 92 WRF MALL Rar -bedaon de 1-4Review of the Nationa! Water Resources (2000 2050) and Formulation of Nalional Weler Resources Policy i ~ Volume 10 Ketantan, Final Report, August 2011 13 INTRODUCTION ~ Rantill Consuting Sn Bhd ~ Section3 = ~—_‘Surface Water Hydrology Section4 = ~——-Ground Water Section5 - -—Alternative Water Source Sectioné - Water Demand - Potable Water Section? = Water Demand - Irrigation Section8 = Water Demand - Non Paddy Cultivation Section9 = Water Demand - Animal Husbandry Section 10 - Hydropower Section 11 - —-- Sewerage Section 12 - Flood Mitigation Section 13 - —_River Sedimentation Section 14 - —_—_-River Transportation Section 15 = Coastal Aspects Section16 - —_—_Envvironmental Aspects Section17 - Water Resources Analysis Section 18 - Development Works Section 19 = —_—_ Environmental Evaluation Of Identified Immediate Works Projects SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS ~ WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY From the foregoing sections, the aspect of water demands and the availability of water resources within the Stale from the different sectors are summarized below. This summary gives an overall insight of the water needs of the State in relation to the degree water resource that is regulated in the State and whether there is a need for importation of raw water from neighbouring States. ‘A key element in water resources is the water demand factor for various sectors. The water demand is measured in verious units: milion litres per day (MLD) for potable water supply, acre-feet for irrigation, or alternatively as million cubic metres per annum (MCM). It may be convenient for water resources planning to simplify and rationalise all water demand measurements in the common denominator of rainfall, The water demand in millimetres (mm) of rainfall for the State is derived by dividing the annual water demand for the State by the State's total land area. With this, it would be convenient to regard the water demand in a particular State as @ *how much rain that fells in the particular State is required to satisfy the total and various water demand sectors”. This then becomes a measure on how sufficient the State's surface water resource is to meet its own water requirements, and how dependent a State is on inter-state water transfer to meet its requirement. Table 1.1 shows the water resources available in terms of rainfall for the various States in the country. ‘Hides 62 HH/RSENALNG Kalai voavtan de 12