Professional Documents
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Alfiyah Iroqi
Alfiyah Iroqi
COM
1
ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ
3
ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ،ﻭﻋﻠﹼﻘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻛﻲ ﻳـﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﻊ
ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ .
ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ،ﻭﰲ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ ﻣـﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴـﺔ
ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻫﻲ :
– 1ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ 2899 / 8 ) :
ﳎﺎﻣﻴﻊ ( ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﺃ ( .
- 2ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗـﺎﻑ ﺑﻐـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ ( 2818 ) :
ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﺏ ( .
- 3ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ 2955 / 1 ) :
ﳎﺎﻣﻴﻊ ( ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﺟـ ( .
– 4ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ ( 2490 ) :
ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﻥ ( .
- 5ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ ( 2889 ) :
ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﻕ ( .
- 6ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ ( 2951 ) :
ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﺹ ( .
- 7ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﻑ ﺑﻐـﺪﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﻗﻢ ( 3318 ) :
ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ﺱ ( .
) – 8ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻔﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ 1355ﻫـ ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ
ﻑ(.
– 9ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )ﻉ(.
4
ﻭﱂ ﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﻻ ﺻﻮﺭﻫﺎ ؛ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺒﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ " ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮﺓ " ﻓﻼ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺗـﻪ
ﻭﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﱂ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻄـﻮﻝ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﹸﻛِﺮﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ .
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ :
ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺑـ " :ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮﺓ " ﻧﻘﺪﻣـﻪ ﶈـﱯ ﺳـﻨﺔ
ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ rﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ،ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﲔ ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻗـﺪ ﺧـﺪﻣﻨﺎﻩ
ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ، rﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﻨﺎ ﻣـﻦ
ﺟﻬﺪ ،ﻭﱂ ﻧﺒﺨﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﳌﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻥ ،ﻭﳓﻦ ﺳـﺎﺋﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ،ﺭﺍﺟﲔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺪﺍﺩ .
ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ
ﺍﶈﻘﻘﺎﻥ
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ﺑِﺴﻢِ ﺍﷲِ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦِ ﺍﻟﺮﺣِﻴﻢِ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘِﻨـﺎﻥٍ ﺟـﻞﱠ ﻋـﻦ ﺇﺣﺼـﺎﺀِ .2ﻣِــﻦ ﺑﻌــﺪِ ﺣﻤــﺪِ ﺍﷲِ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻵﻻﺀِ
)(1
ﻟِﻮﺍﺣِــﺪٍ ﻭﻣــﻦ ﻟﹶــﻪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﺭ ـﻤﻴﺮ
ـﺎﺀَ ﺍﻟﻔِﻌ ـﻞﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﻀـ
.7ﻓﹶﺤﻴ ـﺚﹸ ﺟـ
ـﺎ
ـﻼﺡِ ﻣﺒﻬﻤـ
ﺃﹸﺭِﻳ ـﺪ ﺇﻻﱠ ﺍﺑ ـﻦ ﺍﻟﺼـ .8ﻛﹶـ)ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ(ﺃﻭ ﺃﹶﻃﹾﻠﹶﻘﹾﺖ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻆﹶ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦِ ﻣـﺎ
ﻓﹶﻤﺴــﻠِﻢ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺨــﺎﺭِﻱ ﻫﻤــﺎ .9ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻻﺛﹾﻨـﻴﻦِ ﻧﺤـﻮ) ﺍﻟﹾﺘ ﺰﻣـﺎ(
) (1ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺇﻻﹼ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺿـﻴﲔ ﻭﻳﺴـﻤﻰ
ﺑـ ) ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﲔ ( .
6
ﻣﻌﺘﺼــﻤﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺻــﻌﺒِﻬﺎ ﻭﺳــﻬﻠِﻬﺎ .10ﻭﺍﷲَ ﺃﺭﺟــﻮ ﰲ ﺃﹸﻣــﻮﺭِﻱ ﻛﹸﻠﱢﻬــﺎ
7
ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ
ﺇﱃ ﺻــﺤِﻴﺢٍ ﻭﺿــﻌِﻴﻒٍ ﻭﺣﺴــﻦ ﻭﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﹾﻥِ ﻗﹶﺴـﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﻦ .11
ﻭﻋِﻠﱠـــﺔٍ ﻗﹶﺎﺩِﺣـــﺔٍ ﻓﹶﺘـــﻮﺫِﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣِﺜﹾﻠِﻪِ ﻣِـﻦ ﻏﹶﻴـﺮِ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺬﹸﻭﺫِ .13
ـﺪ
ـﻊ ، ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﺘﻤـ
ـﺎﻫِﺮٍ ﻻﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻄﹾـ
ﰲ ﻇﹶـ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺼــﺤِﻴﺢِ ﻭﺍﻟﻀــﻌِﻴﻒِ ﻗﹶﺼــﺪﻭﺍ .14
ﺑِﺄﹶﻧــﻪ ﺃﹶﺻــﺢ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘــﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻛﹸﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﹾﻤِﻨﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﻨﺪ .15
ﻋــﻦ ﻧــﺎﻓِﻊٍ ﺑِﻤــﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳِــﻚ ﺧﺎﺽ (1) ﺑـﻪِ ﻗﹶـﻮﻡ ﻓﹶﻘِﻴـﻞﹶ ﻣﺎﻟِـﻚ .16
)(2
ﺃﹶﺣﻤـﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﻭﻋﻨـﻪ ﻣﻮﻻﹶﻩ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺣﻴـﺚﹸ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻳﺴـﻨِﺪ .17
ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻟِﻢٍ ﺃﹶﻱ : ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪِ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞٍ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻫﺮِﻱ .18
ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩِ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷِﻬﺎﺏٍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑِﻪ ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑِﺪِﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﺑِﻪ .19
ﻋﻦِ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩٍ ﻭﻟﹸـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤﻤـﻪ .21ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌِﻲ ﻋـﻦِ ﺍﺑـﻦِ ﻗﹶـﻴﺲٍ ﻋﻠﹾﻘﹶﻤـﻪ
9
ﺃﹶﺻﺢ ﻛﹸﺘﺐِ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ
ـﺎﻟﺘﺮﺟِﻴﺢِ
ﻣﺤﻤـ ـﺪ ﻭﺧــﺺ ﺑِــ .22ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺻـﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤِﻴﺢِ
ﻋِﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻡِ ﻣِﻨـﻪ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻓﹶﺎﺗﻬﻤـﺎ .24ﻭﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳﻌﻤــﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻜــﻦ ﻗﹶﻠﱠﻤــﺎ
ﺃﹶﺣﻔﹶﻆﹸ ﻣِﻨﻪ ﻋﺸـﺮ (3) ﺃﹶﻟـﻒِ ﺃﹶﻟﹾـﻒِ .26ﻭﻓﻴﻪِ ﻣـﺎ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﻟِﻘﹶـﻮﻝِ ﺍﳉﹸﻌﻔِـﻲ
) (3ﰲ )ﺟـ( ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ – ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ، -ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ .
10
ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋِﺪ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺤﻴﻦِ
ﺻِﺤﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣِـﻦ ﻣﺼـﻨﻒٍ ﻳﺨـﺺ .29ﻭﺧﺬﹾ ﺯِﻳﺎﺩﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤِﻴﺢِ ﺇﺫﹾ ﺗـﻨﺺ
ﺑِﻪِ ﻓﹶـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻣـﺎ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳـﺮﺩْ .31ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻞٍ – ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻣـﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﹶـﺮﺩ
11
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ
ـﺎ
ﺇﺫﹾ ﺧﺎﻟﹶﻔ ـﺖ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈ ـﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻌ ـﲎ ﺭﺑﻤـ .34ﻋــﺰﻭﻙ ﺃﻟﻔﹶــﺎﻅﹶ ﺍﳌﹸﺘــﻮﻥِ ﻟﹶﻬﻤــﺎ
)(2
ﻓﹶﻬــﻮ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﹸــﻮ ﻣِــﻦ ﻓﹶﺎﺋِﺪﺗِــﻪ ﻓـﺎﺣﻜﹸﻤﻦ ﺑِﺼِـﺤﺘِﻪ .35ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺰِﻳﺪ
ﻭﻟﹶﻴــﺖ ﺇﺫﹾ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﳊﹸﻤﻴــﺪِﻱ ﻣﻴــﺰﺍ .36ﻭﺍﻷَﺻﻞﹶ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺰﺍ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗِﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ
ـﺎ
ـﺎﺭِﻱ ، ﻓﹶﻤﺴ ـﻠِﻢ ، ﻓﹶﻤـ
ﺛﹸ ـﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨـ .37ﻭﺃﹶﺭﻓﹶــﻊ ﺍﻟﺼــﺤِﻴﺢِ ﻣﺮﻭﻳﻬﻤــﺎ
ـﻲ
ﻓﹶﻤﺴ ـﻠِﻢ ، ﹶﻓﺸ ـﺮﻁﹸ ﻏﹶﻴ ـﺮٍ ﻳﻜﹾﻔـ .38ﺷﺮﻃﹶﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻮﻯ ،ﻓﹶﺸﺮﻁﹸ ﺍﳉﹸﻌﻔِـﻲ
)(4 )(3
ﻓِﻲ ﻋﺼﺮِﻧﺎ ،ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ :ﻣﻤﻜِﻦ .39ﻭﻋِﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤِﻴﺢ ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻳﻤﻜِـﻦ
ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ ﻟﹶـﻪ ، ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ ﻇﹶﻨـﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﹶ ـﺪﻯ .40ﻭﺍﻗﹾ ﹶﻄﻊ ﺑِﺼِﺤﺔٍ ﻟِﻤﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺃﹶﺳـﻨﺪﺍ
ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺭﻭِﻱ .41ﻣﺤﻘﱢﻘِﻴﻬِﻢ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻋـﺰﺍﻩ ) ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻭِﻱ(
ﺃﹶﺷﻴﺎ ﻓﹶﺈﻥﹾ ﻳﺠـﺰِﻡ ﻓﹶﺼـﺤﺢ ، ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﺩ .42ﻣﻀـﻌﻔﺎﹰ ) (1ﻭﻟﹶﻬﻤـﺎ ﺑِـﻼ ﺳـﻨﺪ
ﺑِﺼِﺤﺔِ ﺍﻷﺻﻞِ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻛﹶــ ) ﻳـﺬﹾﻛﹶﺮ( .43ﻣﻤﺮﺿﺎﹰ ﻓﹶـﻼ ،ﻭﻟﻜِـﻦ ﻳﺸـﻌِﺮ
ﻣﻊ ﺻِﻴﻐﺔِ ﺍﳉﹶـﺰﻡ ﻓﹶﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘـﺎﹰ ﻋـﺮِﻑ 44ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺃﻭﻝﹸ ﺍﻻﺳـﻨﺎﺩِ ﺣـﺬِﻑ
.
ﻟِﺸﻴﺨِﻪِ ﻋﺰﺍ ﺑـ ) ﻗـﺎﻝﹶ ( ﻓﹶﻜﹶـﺬِﻱ ـﺎ ﺍﻟﱠ ـﺬِﻱ
45ﻭﻟﹶـﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧِـﺮِﻩِ ،ﺃﻣـ
.
) (2ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻭ ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴـﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﺃ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ )) :ﻧﻘﹾﻞٍ (( .
14
ﺍﻟﻘِﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ :ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺴﻦ
ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﺸـﺬﹸﻭﺫِ ﻣـﻊ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻣـﺎ ﺍﺗﻬِـﻢ ) .51ﺣﻤﺪ (ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ )ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣِﺬِﻱ :(ﻣﺎ ﺳـﻠِﻢ
ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﻭﻗﹶﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣـﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﹶـﺮﺩ .52ﺑِﻜﹶﺬِﺏٍ ﻭﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﻓﹶـﺮﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺭﺩ
ﻓِﻴﻪِ ،ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺑِﻜﹸـﻞﱢ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺣـﺪ ﺣﺼـﻞﹾ .53ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻣﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﹶﺮِﻳﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤـﻞﹾ
)(2
ﺃﻥﱠ ﻟﹶـﻪ ﻗِﺴـﻤﻴﻦِ ﻛﹸـﻞﱞ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺫﹶﻛﹶـﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﹶـﺮ .54ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ) :(1ﺑﺎﻥﹶ ﱄ ﺑﺈﻣﻌﺎﻥِ
)(3
ﻭﻻﹶ ﺑِﻨﻜﹾــﺮٍ ﺃﻭ ﺷــﺬﹸﻭﺫٍ ﺷــﻤِﻼﹶ .55ﻗِﺴﻤﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﹶﻮﻧﻪ ﻣـﺎ ﻋﻠﱢـﻼ
)(5
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﹶﻤــﺎﺀُ ﺍﻟﹾﺠــﻞﱡ ﻣِــﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﹾﺒﻠﹸــﻪ .56ﻭﺍﻟﻔﹸﻘﹶﻬﺎﺀُ ) (4ﻛﻠﱡﻬـﻢ ﻳﺴـﺘﻌﻤِﻠﹸﻪ
) (1ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻥ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ )) :ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻥ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺢ ؛ ﻷﻥ :
))ﺫﻛﺮ(( ﰲ ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﻌﺮﺓ ﺑﻪ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ )) :ﻗﺪ (( .
) (2ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻭ ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺑﺈﻣﻌﺎﱐ (( .
) (3ﰲ ﻉ )) :ﻋﻼ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﲢﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﺒﻴﺢ.
15
ﺣﺠﻴــﺔﹰ ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸــﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻠﹾﺤــﻖ .57ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺄﻗﹾﺴـﺎﻡِ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤِﻴﺢِ ﻣﻠﹾﺤـﻖ
ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶﻮِﻱ ﺍﻟﻀـﻌﻒ ﻓﹶﻠﹶـﻢ ﻳﺠﺒـﺮ ﺫﹶﺍ .60ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸــﻦ ﻟِﻜﹶــﺬِﺏٍ ﺃﻭ ﺷــﺬﱠﺍ
ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻛﹶﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠِـﻲﺀُ ﺍﻋﺘﻀِـﺪﺍ .61ﺃﹶﻻﹶ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺳﻞﹶ ﺣﻴـﺚﹸ ﺃﹸﺳـﻨِﺪﺍ
ـﻪ
ـﻰ ﻟﹶـ
ـﺪﻕِ ﺭﺍﻭِﻳ ـﻪ ، ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺗـ
ﻭﺍﻟﺼـ ـﻦ : ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺸــﻬﻮﺭ ﺑِﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﹶــﻪ
.62ﻭﺍﳊﹶﺴـ
ﺻﺤﺤﺘﻪ ﻛﹶﻤﺘﻦِ ) ﻟﹶـﻮﻻﹶ ﺃﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﺷـﻖ( .63ﻃﹸﺮﻕ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱡـﺮﻕ
ـﻪِ
ـﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺤﻜِﻴـ
ـﺎ ﺻ ـﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶـ
ﻣـ .66ﻓﺈﻧــﻪ ﻗﹶــﺎﻝﹶ :ﺫﹶﻛﹶــﺮﺕ ﻓِﻴــﻪِ
ﻋﻠﹶﻴـﻪِ ﻋِﻨـﺪﻩ ﻟﹶـﻪ ﺍﳊﹸﺴـﻦ ﺛﹶﺒ ـﺖ .68ﻓﹶﻤﺎ ﺑِﻪِ ﻭﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺼـﺤﺢ ﻭﺳـﻜﹶﺖ
:ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﺒ ﹸﻠﻎﹸ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺔﹶ ﻋِﻨـﺪ ﻣﺨﺮِﺟِـﻪ .69ﻭ)ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﻴﺪٍ( ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺠِـﻪ-
ﺗﻮﺟ ـﺪ ﻋِﻨ ـﺪ ) ﻣﺎﻟِ ـﻚٍ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻨ ـﺒﻼ .71ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ :ﺟﻤﻠﹶﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤِﻴﺢِ ﻻ
ـﺎﺩِ (
ﺇﱃ ) ﻳﺰﻳــﺪ ﺑــﻦِ ﺃﰊ ﺯﻳــ .72ﻓﹶﺎﺣﺘــﺎﺝ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻨــﺰﻝﹶ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳــﻨﺎﺩِ
ﻗﹶﺪ ﻓﹶﺎﺗـﻪ ، ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺑِﺎﺳـﻢِ ﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻕِ .73ﻭﻧﺤـﻮِﻩِ ،ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻟﺴـﺒﻖِ
ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴــﻪِ ﺇﺫﹾ ﺑِﻬــﺎ ﻏﹶﻴــﺮ ﺍﳊﹶﺴــﻦ ـﺎ ﺭﻭﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﻦ
ـﺎﻥﹶ ﻣـ
.76ﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﳊِﺴـ
) (1ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )):ﺟﻤﻊ (( ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﱳ
17
ﻳﺮﻭِﻳﻪِ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌِﻴﻒ ﺣﻴـﺚﹸ ﻻﹶ ﻳﺠِـﺪ .77ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ) ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ( ﺃﻗﹾﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟـﺪ
ﻣِﻦ ﺭﺃﻱٍ ﺍﻗﻮﻯ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﻪ) ﺍﺑـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺪﻩ( ـﺎﺏِ ﻏﹶﻴ ـﺮﻩ ﻓﹶ ـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﻋِﻨ ـﺪﻩ
.78ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒـ
)(1
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﹶﺴﺎﻧِﻴﺪِ ،ﻓﹶﻴـﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﳉﹶﻔﹶﻠﹶـﻰ .81ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻬــﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺗﺒــﺔٍ ﻣــﺎ ﺟﻌِــﻼﹶ
)(2
ﻭﻋــﺪﻩ ) ﻟِﻠــﺪﺍﺭِﻣﻲ ( ﺍﻧﺘﻘِــﺪﺍ .82ﻛﹶﻤﺴﻨﺪِ )ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴﺎﻟﹶﺴِـﻲ (ﻭ )ﺃﺣﻤـﺪﺍ(
)(3
ﺑِﺎﻟﹾﺤﺴﻦِ ﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﳊﹸﻜﹾـﻢِ ﻟِﻠﻤـﺘﻦِ ﺭﺃﹶﻭﺍ ﻟِﻺﺳـﻨﺎﺩِ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼـﺤﺔِ ﺃﻭ .83ﻭﺍﳊﹸﻜﹾﻢ
)(4
ﻭﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳﻌﻘﱢﺒــﻪ ﺑﻀــﻌﻒٍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﹶــﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻤـﺪ .84ﻭﺍﻗﹾﺒﻠﹾﻪ ﺇﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻃﹾﻠﹶﻘﹶﻪ
ﺳﻨﺪﻩ ، ﻓﹶﻜﹶﻴﻒ ﺇﻥﹾ ﻓﹶـﺮﺩ ﻭﺻِـﻒ ؟ .86ﺑِﻪِ ﺍﻟﻀﻌِﻴﻒ ، ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮِﺩ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻠِـﻒ
ـﻄِﻼﹶﺡِ
ـﻦِ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﺻـ
ـﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳊﹸﺴـ
ﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻧﻔِـ .87ﻭ ) ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﹶــﺘﺢِ ( ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﹾﺘِــﺮﺍﺡِ
ﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﺻـﺤِﻴﺢٍ ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻻﹶ ﻳـﻨﻌﻜِﺲ .88ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺻـﺢ ﻓﹶﻠـﻴﺲ ﻳﻠﹾﺘـﺒِﺲ
ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﺍﺷـﺘﺮﻃﹾﻨﺎ ﻏﹶﻴـﺮ ﻣـﺎ ﺇﺳـﻨﺎﺩِ ـﺎ ﺻ ـﺢ ﻣِ ـﻦ ﺃﻓﹾ ـﺮﺍﺩِ
.89ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﻣـ
ﻭﺍﺛﹾﻨ ـﻴﻦِ ﻗِﺴ ـﻢ ﻏﹶﻴ ـﺮﻩ ، ﻭﺿ ـﻤﻮﺍ .91ﻓﹶﻔﹶﺎﻗِــﺪ ﺷــﺮﻁﹶ ﻗﹶﺒــﻮﻝٍ ﻗِﺴــﻢ
) (4ﰲ ﻉ ﻭ ﻑ )) :ﺇﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻪ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ .
19
)(1
ـﺎ
ﻟِﺘِﺴـ ـﻌﺔٍ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌِـ ـﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻋــ ـﻰ
ـﺎ ﺃﻭﻋـ
.94ﻭﻋـﺪﻩ) ﺍﻟﺒﺴـﺘِﻲ (ﻓِﻴﻤـ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﻓﹸﻮﻉ
ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁﹶ )ﺍﳋﹶﻄِﻴﺐ (ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺍﻟﺼـﺎﺣِﺐِ ـﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻟِﻠــﻨﱯ
ـﺎﹰ ﻣﻀـ
ـﻢ ﻣﺮﻓﹸﻮﻋـ
.95ﻭﺳـ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻨﺪ
ﻟﹶﻮ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻗﻒٍ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﹶﺍ ﻳﻘِـﻞﹾ .97ﻭﺍﳌﹸﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﹶﺮﻓﹸﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻭﺻِـﻞﹾ
ﺷﺮﻁﹲ ﺑِﻪِ ) ﺍﳊﹶـﺎﻛِﻢ ( ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﻗﹶﻄﹶﻌـﺎ .98ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟِﺚﹸ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﹾﻊ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞِ ﻣﻌـﺎ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﺼِﻞﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺻﻮﻝﹸ
)(2
ﻓﹶﺴــﻤﻪِ ﻣﺘﺼِــﻼﹰ ﻣﻮﺻــﻮﻻ .99ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﺗﺼِــﻞﹾ ﺑِﺴــﻨﺪٍ ﻣﻨﻘﹸــﻮﻻﹶ
ﻭﻟﹶ ـﻢ ﻳ ـﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳ ـﺪﺧﻞﹶ ﺍﳌﹶﻘﹾﻄﹸ ـﻮﻉ .100ﺳــﻮﺍﺀٌ ﺍﳌﹶﻮﻗﹸــﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﹶﺮﻓﹸــﻮﻉ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﻗﹸﻮﻑ
) (1ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ) / 94ﺏ ( .
) (2ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ :ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻻﹰ ،ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﲰﺎﻥ ﻟﺸﻲﺀٍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺩﻓﺎﻥ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺿﺎﻕ ﻋـﻦ
ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ .ﺃﻓﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 97ﺃ ( .
20
ﺑِﺼــﺎﺣِﺐٍ ﻭﺻــﻠﹾﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶﻄﹶﻌﺘــﻪ ـﺎ ﻗﹶﺼ ـﺮﺗﻪ
ـﺎﳌﹶﻮﻗﹸﻮﻑِ ﻣـ
101ﻭﺳـﻢ ﺑـ
.
ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﺗﻘِــﻒ ﺑِﻐــﲑِﻩِ ) (3ﻗﹶﻴــﺪ ﺗــﱪ 102ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﻔِﻘﹾﻪِ ﺳـﻤﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﺛﹶـﺮ
.
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻘﹾﻄﹸﻮﻉ
ﻭﻓِﻌﻠﹶــﻪ ، ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ )ﻟﻠﺸــﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ( 103ﻭﺳﻢ ﺑِـﺎﳌﹶﻘﹾﻄﹸﻮﻉِ ﻗﹶـﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺑِﻌﻲ
.
ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ :ﻭﻋﻜﺴﻪ ﺍﺻﻄِﻼﺡ) ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩﻋِـﻲ( 104ﺗﻌــﺒِﲑﻩ ﺑِــﻪِ ﻋــﻦِ ﺍﳌﹸﻨﻘﻄِــﻊِ
.
ﻓﹸﺮﻭﻉ
ﻧﺤﻮ ) ﺃﹸﻣِﺮﻧﺎ( ﺣﻜﹾﻤـﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﹾـﻊ ، ﻭﻟﹶـﻮ 105ﻗﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ) ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔِ ( ﺃﻭ
.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﹶـﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﺜﹶـﺮِ 106ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِــﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﹶــﻪ ﺑِﺄﹶﻋﺼــﺮِ
.
ﻋﺼﺮِ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِـﻲ ﻣِـﻦ ﻗﹶﺒِﻴـﻞِ ﻣـﺎ ﺭﻓﹶـﻊ 107ﻭﻗﹶﻮﻟﹸﻪ ) ﻛﹸﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ( ﺇﻥﹾ ﻛـﺎﻥﹶ ﻣـﻊ
.
)(1
ﻭ)ﻟِﻠﺨﻄِﻴﺐِ( ﻗﹸﻠﹾـﺖ : ﻟﻜِـﻦ ﺟﻌﻠﹶـﻪ ﻟﹶـﻪ 108ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ:ﻻ،ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻓﹶﻼ،ﻛﹶـﺬﺍﻙ
.
) (3ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﻕ )) :ﺑﺘـﺎﺑﻊ (( ،
ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ )) :ﺑﻐﲑﻩ (( .
21
ﺍﺑــﻦ ﺍﳋﹶﻄِﻴــﺐِ (،ﻭﻫــﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﹶــﻮِﻱ 109ﻣﺮﻓﹸﻮﻋﺎﹰ ) ﺍﳊﹶـﺎﻛِﻢ ( ﻭ )ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﺯِﻱ
.
ﻳﻘﹾــﺮﻉ ﺑﺎﻷﻇﻔﹶــﺎﺭِ ( ﻣِﻤــﺎ ﻭﻗِﻔﹶــﺎ 110ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺪِﻳﺚﹸ )ﻛﺎﻥﹶ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﹸﺼـﻄﹶﻔﹶﻰ
.
ﻭﺍﻟﺮ ﹾﻓﻊ ﻋِﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦِ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺗﺼـﻮِﻳﺐِ 111ﺣﻜﹾﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﹶﺪﻯ )ﺍﳊﹶﺎﻛِﻢِ(ﻭ)ﺍﳋﹶﻄِﻴـﺐِ(
.
ـﻰ ﺍﻷﺳ ـﺒﺎﺏِ
ﺭﻓﹾﻌ ـﺎﹰ ﻓﹶﻤﺤﻤ ـﻮﻝﹲ ﻋﻠﹶـ 112ﻭﻋــﺪ ﻣــﺎ ﻓﹶﺴــﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺼــﺤﺎﰊ
.
ﺭﻭﺍﻳــﺔﹰ ﻳﻨﻤِﻴــﻪِ ﺭﻓﹾــﻊ ﻓﹶﺎﻧﺘﺒِــﻪ 113ﻭﻗﹶﻮﻟﹸﻬﻢ) ﻳﺮﻓﹶﻌﻪ) (2) (ﻳﺒﻠﹸـﻎﹸ ﺑِـﻪ(
.
ﻗﹸﻠﹾ ـﺖ : ﻣِ ـﻦ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔِ ﻋﻨ ـﻪ ﻧﻘﹶﻠﹸ ـﻮﺍ 114ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹸﻞﹾ ) ﻋﻦ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊٍ ( ﻓﹶﻤﺮﺳـﻞﹲ
.
ـﺎ( ) (1ﻣِﻨ ـﻪ) ﻟﻠﻐ ـﺰﺍﱄ(
ﻧﺤ ـﻮ) ﺃﹸﻣِﺮﻧـ 115ﺗﺼــﺤِﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﹾﻔِــﻪِ ﻭﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﺣﺘِﻤــﺎﻝِ
.
ـﻰ
ـﺎﻝﹸ ﺭﺃﻳـﺎﹰ ﺣﻜﹾﻤـﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﹾـﻊ ﻋﻠﹶـ
ﻳﻘﹶـ 116ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺗﻰ ﻋـﻦ ﺻـﺎﺣِﺐٍ ﲝﻴـﺚﹸ ﻻ
.
) (1ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺟـ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴـﺔ
ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻛﺬﻟﻚ (( ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ .
) (2ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴـﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ
ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ) ﺃﻭ ( ﺑﻌﺪ ) ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻪ ( ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼـﺢ ﺍﻟـﻮﺯﻥ ـﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ .
) (1ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ :ﺃﹸﻣِﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻲ .
22
) ﻓﹶﺎﳊﹶــﺎﻛِﻢ ( ﺍﻟﺮﻓﹾــﻊ ﻟِﻬــﺬﹶﺍ ﺃﺛﹾﺒﺘــﺎ 117ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﰲ ﺍﳌﹶﺤﺼﻮﻝِ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗـﻰ
.
)(2
) ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ( ﻭﻋﻨـﻪ ﺃﻫـﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓِ 118ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋـﻦ ) ﺃﺑِـﻲ ﻫﺮﻳـﺮﺓِ (
.
)(3
ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑِــﻪِ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﹾــﻊ ﻭﺫﹶﺍ ﻋﺠِﻴــﺐ 119ﻛﹶﺮﺭ) ﻗﹶـﺎﻝﹶ( ﺑﻌـﺪ) ، ﻓﹶﺎﳋﹶﻄِﻴـﺐ(
.
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺳﻞﹸ
ﻣﺮﺳـــﻞﹲ ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶﻴـــﺪﻩ ﺑِـــﺎﻟﻜﹶﺒِﻴﺮِ ـﻰ ﺍﳌﹶﺸ ـﻬﻮﺭِ
ـﺎﺑﻊٍ ﻋﻠـ
ـﻮﻉ ﺗـ
120ﻣﺮﻓﹸـ
.
ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝﹸ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﺜﹶـــﺮ ﰲ ﺍﺳـــﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝِ 121ﺃﻭ ﺳــﻘﹾﻂﹸ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺃﻗﹾــﻮﺍﻝِ
.
ﻭﺗﺎﺑِﻌﻮﻫﻤـــﺎ ﺑِـــﻪِ ﻭﺩﺍﻧـــﻮﺍ 122ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ) ﻣﺎِﻟِﻚ (ﻛﹶـﺬﺍ )ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺎﻥﹸ(
.
ﻟِﻠﺠﻬــﻞِ ﺑِﺎﻟﺴــﺎﻗِﻂِ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳــﻨﺎﺩِ 123ﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺟﻤـــﺎﻫِﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﱠـــﺎﺩِ ؛
.
ﻭ)ﻣﺴﻠِﻢ (ﺻـﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻜِﺘـﺎﺏِ ﺃﺻـﻠﹶﻪ 124ﻭﺻﺎﺣِﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴـﺪِ ﻋﻨـﻬﻢ ﻧﻘﹶﻠﹶـﻪ
.
ﲟﺴــﻨﺪٍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺳــﻞٍ ﻳﺨﺮِﺟــﻪ 125ﻟﹶﻜِــﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻــﺢ ﻟﹶﻨــﺎ ﻣﺨﺮﺟــﻪ
.
ﻧﻘﹾﺒﻠﹾﻪ ، ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻔﹶﺼـﻞِ 126ﻣﻦ ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻳﺮﻭِﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺭِﺟـﺎﻝِ ﺍﻷﻭﻝِ
) (2ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ (( ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ .
) (3ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 112ﺃ – ﺏ ( .
23
.
ﻭﻣــﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋــﻦِ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘــﺎﺕِ ﺃﺑــﺪﺍ 127ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﺸــﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ ( ﺑِﺎﻟﻜِﺒــﺎﺭِ ﻗﹶﻴــﺪﺍ
.
)(4
ﻭﺍﻓﹶﻘﹶﻬــﻢ ﺇﻻﹼ ﺑِــﻨﻘﹾﺺِ ﻟﹶﻔﹾــﻆِ 128ﻭﻣﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷـﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﻫـﻞﹶ ﺍﳊِﻔﹾـﻆِ
.
ﻓﹶﻘﹸــﻞﹾ :ﺩﻟِــﻴﻼﻥِ ﺑِــﻪِ ﻳﻌﺘﻀــﺪ ـﺪ
ـﻞﹾ :ﻓﹶﺎﳌﹸﺴ ـﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﺘﻤـ
ـﺈﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹶـ
129ﻓﹶـ
.
ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺻــﻮﻝِ ﻧﻌﺘــﻪ : ﺑِﺎﳌﹸﺮﺳــﻞِ 130ﻭﺭﺳ ـﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻘﹶﻄِﻌ ـﺎﹰ ﻋ ـﻦ ﺭﺟ ـﻞِ
.
ﻓﹶﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞﹸ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺍﺏِ ـﺤﺎﺑِﻲ
ـﻠﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﺼـ
ـﺬِﻱ ﺃﺭﺳـ
ـﺎ ﺍﻟﱠـ
131ﺃﻣـ
.
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻘﹶ ِﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﻀﻞﹸ
ﻗﹶﺒــﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺼــﺤﺎﰊ ﺑِــﻪِ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶــﻂﹾ .132ﻭﺳﻢ ﺑِـﺎﳌﹸﻨﻘﹶﻄِﻊِ :ﺍﻟﱠـﺬِﻱ ﺳـﻘﹶﻂﹾ
) (4ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ) / 117ﺏ ( )) :ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ – ﻳﻌﲏ :ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ – ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺳـﻞ
ﺷﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ = :
ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺐ ﺧﻴـﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﺠﻢ ﻭﻋـﺮﺏ
ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﻮﻯ ﺟﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺷـﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺃﳘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﻢ
ﺃﻱ :ﺃﳘﻞ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺍﻥ (( .
24
ـﺎ
ـﻰ ﻣ ـﻦ ﺗﺒِﻌـ
ﻭﻭﻗﹾ ـﻒ ﻣﺘﻨِ ـﻪِ ﻋﻠﹶـ .135ﺣﺬﹾﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِـﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑِﻲ ﻣﻌـﺎ
ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻨﻌﻨﺔﹸ
ﻣِﻦ ﺩﻟﹾﺴـﺔٍ ﺭﺍﻭﻳـﻪِ ،ﻭﺍﻟِﻠﱢﻘﹶـﺎ ﻋﻠِـﻢ 136ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻮﺍ ﻭﺻـﻞﹶ ﻣﻌـﻨﻌﻦٍ ﺳـﻠِﻢ
.
ـﺎ
ﻭ) ﻣﺴـﻠِﻢ ( ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺸـﺮِﻁِ ﺍﺟﺘِﻤﺎﻋـ ـﺎ
ـﻰ ﺑِـﺬﹶﺍ ﺇﲨﺎﻋـ
137ﻭﺑﻌﻀ ـﻬﻢ ﺣﻜﹶـ
.
ﻃﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺻـﺤﺎﺑﺔٍ ،ﻭﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﺷـﺮﻁﹾ 138ﻟﻜِﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺻﺮﺍﹰ ،ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﻳﺸـﺘﺮﻁﹾ
.
)(1
ﻭﻗﻴــﻞﹶ :ﻛﹸــﻞﱡ ﻣــﺎ ﺃﹶﺗﺎﻧــﺎ ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﺑِﺎﻻﺧـﺬِ ﻋﻨـﻪ، 139ﻣﻌﺮِﻓﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭِﻱ
.
ﻭﺣﻜﹾﻢ ) ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ( ﺣﻜﻢ ) ﻋـﻦ ( ﻓﹶﺎﳉﹸـﻞﱡ 140ﻣﻨﻘﹶﻄِﻊ ، ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻳـﺒِﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞﹸ ،
.
ـﻰ ﻳـﺒِﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞﹸ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨـﺮِﻳﺞِ
ﺣﺘـ 141ﺳﻮﻭﺍ ،ﻭﻟﻠﻘﹶﻄﹾﻊِ ﻧﺤـﺎ )ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩِﻳﺠِـﻲ(
.
ـﺬﺍ ﻟﹶـﻪ ، ﻭﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺼـﻮﺏ ﺻـﻮﺑﻪ
ﻛﹶـ 142ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﻣِﺜﹾﻠﹶـﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ )ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺒﻪ(
.
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 128ﺃ – ﺏ ( )) :ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻷﺧـﺬ
ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺃﺧـﺺ ﻣـﻦ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻷﺧﺬ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ،ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛـﺎﻥ
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ :ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ (( .
25
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺸــﺮﻁِ ﺍﻟﱠــﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﹶــﺪﻣﺎ 143ﻗﹸﻠﺖ :ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥﱠ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣـﺎ
.
ﺑـ)ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ( ﺃﻭ )ﻋﻦ (ﺃﻭ ﺑـ)ﺃﻥﱠ( ﻓﹶﺴـﻮﺍ 144ﻳﺤﻜﹶﻢ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻـﻞِ ﻛﹶﻴﻔﹶﻤـﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ
.
ـﺰﻝِ
ـﻰ ﺫﺍ ﻧـ
ـﻮﺏٍ( ﻋﻠﹶـ
ـﻮﻝِ )ﻳﻌﻘﹸـ
ﻭﻗﹶـ 145ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻜِﻲ ﻋﻦ) ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑـﻦِ ﺣﻨﺒـﻞِ(
.
ـﻦ
ـﺎ ﻗﹶﻤـ
ـﻞٍ ﻣـ
ـﻮ ﺑِﻮﺻـ
ـﺎﺯﺓﹰ ﻭﻫـ
ﺇﺟـ 146ﻭﻛﹶﺜﹸﺮ ﺍﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝﹸ)ﻋﻦ (ﰲ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟـﺰﻣﻦ
.
ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺻﻞِ ﻭﺍﻹِﺭﺳﺎﻝِ ،ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﻟﺮ ﹾﻓﻊِ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﹾﻒِ
ﻭﻗِﻴــﻞﹶ :ﺑــﻞﹾ ﺇﺭﺳــﺎﻟﹸﻪ ﻟِﻸﻛﹾﺜﹶــﺮِ .147ﻭﺍﺣﻜﹸﻢ ﻟِﻮﺻـﻞِ ﺛِﻘﹶـﺔٍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﹾﻬـﺮِ
ﻣﻊ ﻛﹶـﻮﻥِ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﹶﺭﺳـﻠﹶﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﹾﺠﺒـﻞِ .149ﺑِﻮﺻﻞِ ) ))(1ﻻﹶ ﻧِﻜﹶﺎﺡ ﺇﻻﱠ ﺑِـﻮﻟِﻲ((
ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟِﻴﺲ
ﺣﺪﺛﹶﻪ ، ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻘِﻲ ﺑـ )ﻣـﻦ (ﻭ) ﺃﹶﻥﹾ( .153ﺗﺪﻟِﻴﺲ ﺍﻻﺳﻨﺎﺩِ ﻛﹶﻤﻦ ﻳﺴﻘِﻂﹸ ﻣـﻦ
ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﱡ
ﻓِﻴــﻪِ ﺍﳌﹶــﻼﹶ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﺸــﺎﻓِﻌﻲ ﺣﻘﱠﻘﹶــﻪ .161ﻭﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺬﹸﻭﺫِ :ﻣﺎ ﻳﺨـﺎﻟِﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶـﻪ
27
ﻭﻟِﻠﹾﺨﻠِﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻔﹾـﺮﺩ ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ .162ﻭﺍﳊﹶﺎﻛِﻢ (1)ﺍﳋِ ﹶ
ﻼﻑ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷـﺘﺮﻁﹾ
)(2
ﻭﺍﳍِﺒـﺔِ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊِ ﺍﻟـﻮﻻﹶ .163ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣــﺎ ﻗﹶــﺎﻻﹶ ﺑِﻔﹶــﺮﺩِ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶــﺔِ
ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺏ ﻣِﻦ ﺿـﺒﻂٍ ﻓﹶﻔﹶـﺮﺩﻩ ﺣﺴـﻦ .165ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓِﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺨـﺎﻟِﻒ ﺃﻥﱠ ﻣـﻦ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻜﹶﺮ
)(1
ﺃﹶﻃﹾﻠﹶﻖ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨـﺮِﻳﺞِ .167ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻜﹶﺮ:ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺩ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩِﳚِـﻲ
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 145ﺏ ( )) :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ :ﺃﺳـﻘﻂ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﻮﻝِ
ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺪﺡ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﻠـﻂﹲ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘـﺪﺭ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺆﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻞ ﻓﻈـﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﻻ
ﻳﻐﺎﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩِ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻄﱠﻠﹶﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺸـﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ
ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ،ﺃﻱ :ﻛﺎﳌﻌﻠﻞ ﻳﻌـﲏ :
ﺑﻞ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ ﺣﺪﺳﺎﹰ (( .
) (2ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
28
ﻓﹶﻬﻮ ﺑِﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ (2) ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ﺫﹶﻛﹶـﺮ .168ﺇِﺟﺮﺍﺀُ ﺗﻔﹾﺼِﻴﻞٍ ﻟﹶﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺸـﺬﹸﻭﺫِ ﻣـﺮ
)(3
ﺳﻤﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﹾﻤﺎﻥﹶ :ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﻟِﻚٍ .169ﻧﺤﻮ)) ﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﹶﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺮِ(( ﺍﳋﹶﺒـﺮ
ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻋِﻨـﺪ ﺍﳋﹶـﻼﹶ ﻭﻭﺿـﻌِﻪ(( .170ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ :ﻓﹶﻤﺎﺫﹶﺍ ؟ ﺑﻞﹾ ﺣﺪِﻳﺚﹸ ))ﻧﺰﻋِـﻪ
ﻣﻌﺘﺒــﺮٍ ) (4ﺑِــﻪِ ،ﻓﹶﺘــﺎِﺑﻊ ، ﻭﺇﻥﹾ .172ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺨِﻪِ ،ﻓﹶﺈﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺷﻮﺭِﻙ ﻣِـﻦ
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 149ﺃ ( )) :ﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﺩﳚﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻛـﻼﻡ
ﺃﲪﺪ ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮ ،ﻭﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﺟـﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺃﻥﱠ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﲑ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺮﺩ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﻨﻘﺪﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞﹲ (( .
) (2ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 149ﺏ ( .
) (3ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ )/149ﺏ( )) :ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻄﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟـﺒﻠﺢ
ﺃﻱ :ﳓﻮ ﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﳓﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣـﺬﻑ ﻣﻀـﺎﻑ ،
ﺃﻱ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﲰﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮ
ﻭﳓﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﲰﻰ ﻓﺎﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﳓﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻭﳓﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ (( .
29
ﻭﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﺴـﻤﻰ ﺷـﺎﻫِﺪﺍﹰ ) ،(1ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ـﺬﹶﺍ
ـﻮﻕ ﻓﹶﻜﹶـ
ـﻮﺭِﻙ ﺷ ـﻴﺨﻪ ﻓﹶﻔﹶـ
.173ﺷـ
ـﺎﺭِﺩ
ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺧـﻼﹶ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﹸـﻞﱢ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻣﻔﹶـ .174ﻣــﺘﻦ ﺑِﻤﻌﻨــﺎﻩ ﺃﺗــﻰ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﺸــﺎﻫِﺪ
ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻔﹾﻈﹶﺔﹸ )) ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍِ (( ﻣـﺎ ﺃﺗـﻰ ﺑِﻬـﺎ .175ﻣِﺜﹶﺎﻟﹸـﻪ )) ﻟﹶـﻮ ﺃﹶﺧـﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺇﻫﺎﺑﻬـﺎ ((
)(4
ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍِ ﻓﹶﺎﻋﺘﻀِـﺪ ﺗﻮﺑِﻊ .176ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮٍﻭ ﺍﻻﱠ)(2ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔٍ) (3ﻭﻗﹶﺪ
) (4ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 153ﺃ ( )) :ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻫـﻼﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻀـﺪِ ﺑـﺄﻥﹾ
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﺓﹲ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟـﺬﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ
ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﻌﺘﱪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ (( .
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 153ﺃ ( )) :ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺻﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺃﻣـﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺴِﻪِ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ ؛ ﻷـﺎ ﻫـﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑـﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺃﻭ
ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺗﺎﻣﺔﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺻﺮﺓ (( .
) (2ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺝ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﺻﺮِﻑ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 153ﺃ ( )) :ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺻﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣـﺔ
ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ (( .
30
ﺯِﻳﺎﺩﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶﺎﺕِ
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳِـﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﹶﻌﻠﹶﻴـﻪِ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﻈﹶــﻢ .178ﻭﺍﻗﹾﺒﻞﹾ ﺯِﻳـﺎﺩﺍﺕِ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶـﺎﺕِ ﻣِـﻨﻬﻢ
ﻗﹶﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻣـﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﹶـﺮﺩ .179ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻻﹶ ،ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻻﹶ ﻣِﻨﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ
ﺗﺮﺑﺔﹸ ﺍﻻﺭﺽِ(() (1ﻓﹶﻬﻲ ﻓﹶـﺮﺩ ﻧﻘِﻠﹶـﺖ .182ﺃﹶﻭ ﺧﺎﻟﹶﻒ ﺍﻻﻃﹾﻼﹶﻕ ﻧﺤﻮ)) ﺟﻌِﻠﹶـﺖ
ـﻰ
ﺗﻘﹾﺪِﻳﻤـــﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﻥﱠ ﻣﻘﹾﺘﻀـــ .184ﻟﹶﻜِﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝِ ﺟﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹾﺘﻀـﻰ
ﺍﳉﹶ ـﺮﺡِ ﻋِﻠﹾ ـﻢ ﺯﺍﺋِ ـﺪ ﻟِﻠﹾﻤﻘﹾﺘﻔِ ـﻲ .185ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺒﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞِ ﺇﺫﹾ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﻭﻓِـﻲ
) (1ﲜﻌﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﰲ ) ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ( ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ ) ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ( ﻭﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟـﻮﺯﻥ
) ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ( .
31
ﺍﻷَﻓﹾﺮﺍﺩ
ﻭﺣﻜﹾﻤﻪ ﻋِﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸـﺬﹸﻭﺫِ ﺳـﺒﻘﹶﺎ .186ﺍﻟﻔﹶﺮﺩ ﻗِﺴﻤﺎﻥِ ،ﻓﹶﻔﹶـﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘﹶـﺎﹾ
ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺮﻭِﻩِ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﹾـﺮٍ ﺍ ﱠﻻ) (2ﻭﺍﺋِـﻞِ .188ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻓﹸﻼﻥٍ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻗﹶﻮﻝِ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺎﺋِـﻞِ
ﺿﻌﻒ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ﻫـﺬِﻩِ ﺍﳊﹶﻴﺜِﻴـﻪ .191ﻭﻟﹶــ ﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﻓﹾــﺮﺍﺩِﻩِ ﺍﻟﻨﺴــﺒِﻴﻪ
) (2ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ )ﺇﻻﹼ( ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳘﺰﺎ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻗﻄﻊ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ـﺎ ،ﻓﺄﺩﺭﺟﻬـﺎ
ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ )ﺃﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ( ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ .
) (3ﻛﺬﻟﻚ .
) (4ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺟـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) ﺇﻻﹼ ((
)(2
ـﺎﺀٌ ﺃﺛﱠ ـﺮﺕ
ـﺎ ﻏﹸﻤ ـﻮﺽ ﻭﺧﻔﹶـ
ﻓِﻴﻬـ ﺏ) (1ﻃﹶـﺮﺕ
.194ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋِﺒﺎﺭﺓﹲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳـﺒﺎ ٍ
ﰲ ﻏﹶﻴﺮِﻩِ ،ﺃﻭ ﻭﻫـﻢِ ﻭﺍﻫِـﻢٍ ﺣﺼـﻞﹾ .197ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﹾﻒِ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﹶﻊ ، ﺃﻭ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﺩﺧـﻞﹾ
)(3
ﻣــﻊ ﻛﹶﻮﻧِــﻪِ ﻇﹶــﺎﻫِﺮﻩ ﺃﻥﹾ ﺳــﻠِﻤﺎ ﺠﻤـﺎ
ﻓﺄﺣ .198ﻇﹶﻦ ﻓﹶﺄﻣﻀﻰ ،ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﹶﻒ
ﺗﻘﹾــﺪﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳌــﺘﻦِ ﺑِﻘﹶﻄﹾــﻊِ ﻣﺴــﻨﺪِ .199ﻭﻫﻲ (4) ﺗﺠِـﻲﺀُ ﻏﹶﺎﻟِﺒـﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺪِ
)(5
)ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺒﻴﻌــﺎﻥِ ﺑﺎﳋِﻴــﺎﺭ( ﺻــﺮﺣﻮﺍ .200ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﹾﻒِ ﻣﺮﻓﹸﻮﻉٍ ،ﻭﻗﹶﺪ ﻻﹶ ﻳﻘﹾـﺪﺡ
)(6
ﺃﺣﻔﹶﻆﹸ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ( ﺣِـﻴﻦ ﺳـﺌِﻼﹶ .203ﻭﺻــﺢ ﺃﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﻧﺴــﺎﹰ ﻳﻘﹸــﻮﻝﹸ ) :ﻻ
)(3
ﻟِﻠﻮﺻﻞِ ) (2ﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹾﻮ ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝِ .204ﻭﻛﹶﺜﹸــﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠِﻴــﻞﹸ ) (1ﺑِﺎﻹﺭﺳــﺎﻝِ
)(4
ﻓِﺴﻖٍ ،ﻭﻏﹶﻔﹾﻠﹶـﺔٍ ،ﻭﻧـﻮﻉِ ﺟـﺮﺡِ .205ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ ﻳﻌِﻠﱡــﻮﻥﹶ ﺑِﻜﹸــﻞﱢ ﻗﹶــﺪﺡِ
) (5ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻕ ﻭ ﺱ )) :ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﺡ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌـﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴـﺔ ،
ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ .
) (6ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺟـ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ .ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ
ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ .
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ ) / 168ﺃ ( )) :ﻟـﻮ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻝ ﻟﻜـﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ ،
ﻓﺎﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻝ ،ﺃﻱ :ﻭﻛﺜـﺮ ﺇﻋـﻼﻝ
ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺳﻞ (( .
) (2ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻞ (( .
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺍﺗﺼﺎﱄ (( .
) (4ﺃﻱ :ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻧﻮﻉٍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ .
) (5ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺑﻐﲑ (( .
34
ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ :ﺻﺢ ﻣـﻊ ﺷـﺬﹸﻭﺫٍ ﺍﺣﺘـﺬِﻱ .207ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ :ﻣﻌﻠﹸﻮﻝﹲ ﺻـﺤِﻴﺢ ﻛﹶﺎﻟـﺬﹼﻱ
ﺫﹶﺍﻙ) ﺯﻫﻴﺮ (ﻭ) ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺛﹶﻮﺑـﺎﻥﹶ( ﻓﹶﺼـﻞﹾ .214ﻧﺤﻮ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ):ﺍﻟﺘﺸـﻬﺪ (ﻭﺻـﻞﹾ
ﺑﻴﻦ) ﺷﻘﻴﻖٍ( ﻭ) ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻣﺴـﻌﻮﺩٍ( ﺳـﻘﹶﻂﹾ .223ﻓﹶﺈﻥﱠ )ﻋﻤﺮﺍﹰ() (5ﻋِﻨﺪ) ﻭﺍﺻِﻞٍ( ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ
ﻟِﻤﻦ ﻋﻠِﻢ ، ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺒـﻴﻦ (1) ﺃﻣـﺮﻩ .226ﻭﻛﹶﻴﻒ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺠِﻴـﺰﻭﺍ ﺫِﻛﹾـﺮﻩ
ﻟِﻤﻄﹾﻠﹶﻖِ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒِ ،ﻋﻨﻰ):(2ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﹶـﺮﺝ .227ﻭﺃﻛﹾﺜﹶﺮ ﺍﳉﹶـﺎ ِﻣﻊ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﺇﺫﹾ ﺧـﺮﺝ
ﺯﻋﻤﺎﹰ ﻧﺄﻭﺍ ﻋﻦِ ﺍﻟﻘﹸـﺮﺍﻥِ ) ،(3ﻓـﺎﻓﹾﺘﺮﻯ .231ﻧﺤﻮ ﺃﰊ ﻋِﺼﻤﺔﹶ ﺇﺫﹾ ﺭﺃﹶﻯ ﺍﻟـﻮﺭﻯ
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ،ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻹﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻭ ﺑﻞ ﺭﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ
ﻣﺘﻌﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻤﺮٍﻭ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻐﻠـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻈـﻦ
ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬٍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ (( .
) (7ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ )) ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ (( ﺃﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟـﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﳘـﺰﺓ
)) ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺝ (( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ .
) (8ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻋﻤﺪﺍﹰ (( .
) (1ﺃﻱ :ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻩ .
) (2ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻋﻨﺎ (( .
37
ﻋﻦِ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﺒﺎﺱٍ ،ﻓﺒﺌﺴـﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﹶـﺮ .232ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﺣـﺪِﻳﺜﹶﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻓﹶﻀـﺎﺋِﻞِ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺭ
38
)(1
ـﻰ ﻧـﺮﺩﻩ ، ﻭﻋﻨـﻪ ﻧﻀ ـﺮِﺏ
ﺑﻠﹶـ .241ﻣﺎﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿِﻊ ﺇﺫﹾ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﻜﹾـﺬِﺏ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻘﹾﻠﹸﻮﺏ
ﻣﺎ ﻛﹶـﺎﻥﹶ ﻣﺸـﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﺑِـﺮﺍﻭٍ ﺃﹸﺑـﺪِﻻ .242ﻭﻗﹶﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﹶﻘﹾﻠﹸﻮﺏ ﻗِﺴـﻤﻴﻦِ ﺇﱃ :
ﻧﺤــﻮ : ﺍﻣﺘِﺤــﺎﻧِﻬِﻢ ﺇﻣــﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﹶــﻦ .244ﻭﻣِﻨ ـﻪ ﻗﹶﻠﹾ ـﺐ (3) ﺳ ـﻨﺪٍ ﻟِﻤ ـﺘﻦِ
ﻧﺤﻮ) : ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹸﻗِﻴﻤـﺖِ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﹶﺓﹸ …( .246ﻭﻗﹶﻠﹾﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻘﹾﺼِـﺪِ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﺍﺓﹸ
ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ، ﺍﻋﻨِﻲ :ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥِ .247ﺣﺪﺛﹶﻪ – ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠِـﺲِ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﱐ -
ﺗﻨﺒِﻴﻬﺎﺕ
) (1ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ) : ( 282 / 1ﺃﻱ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﻼ ﳓﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ .ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﻟﺴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺏ
) ، ( 345 / 1ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ) ﺿﺮﺏ ( .
) (2ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ (( ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ .
39
ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻞﹾ :ﺿﻌِﻴﻒ ، ﺃﻱ : ﺑِﻬـﺬﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹾﺼِـﺪِ .249ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﺗﺠِـﺪ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﹰ ﺿـﻌِﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺪِ
)(4
ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮِﻳــﻖِ ،ﺇﺫﹾ ﻟﹶﻌــﻞﱠ ﺟــﺎﺀَ .250ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﻀــﻌﻒ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘــﺎﹰ ﺑِﻨــﺎﺀَ
)(1
ﻳﺸــﻚ ﻓِﻴــﻪِ ﻻﹶ ﺑِﺈﺳــﻨﺎﺩِﻫِﻤﺎ ـﺎ
.253ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﺗ ـﺮِﺩ ﻧﻘﹾ ـﻼﹰ ﻟِ ـﻮﺍﻩٍ ،ﺃﻭ ﻟِﻤـ
)(2
ﺑِﻨﻘﹾﻞِ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺢ ﻛـ )ﻗﹶـﺎﻝﹶ( ﻓﹶـﺎﻋﻠﹶﻢِ .254ﻓﹶﺄﺕِ ﺑِﺘﻤﺮِﻳﺾٍ ﻛـ)ﻳﺮﻭﻯ( ﻭﺍﺟـﺰِﻡِ
ﻣِـﻦ ﻏﹶﻴـﺮِ ﺗﺒـﻴِﲔٍ ﻟِﻀـﻌﻒٍ ،ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ .255ﻭﺳ ـﻬﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻏﹶﻴ ـﺮِ ﻣﻮﺿ ـﻮﻉٍ ﺭﻭﻭﺍ
)(3
ﺃﻱ :ﻳﻘِﻈـﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﱠــﻼﹶ .258ﺑِﺄﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻮﻥﹶ ﺿﺎﺑِﻄــﺎﹰ ﻣﻌــﺪﻻﹶ
)(4
ﻛِﺘﺎﺑـﻪ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻛﹶـﺎﻥﹶ ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﻳــﺮﻭِﻱ .259ﻳﺤﻔﹶﻆﹸ ﺇﻥﹾ ﺣﺪﺙﹶ ﺣِﻔﹾﻈـﺎﹰ ،ﻳﺤـﻮِﻱ
ﺇﻥﹾ ﻳـﺮﻭِ ﺑﺎﻟﹾﻤﻌﻨﻰ ،ﻭﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺪﺍﻟﹶــﻪ .260ﻳﻌﻠﹶﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﹶﻔﹾـﻆِ ﻣِـﻦ ﺇﺣِﺎﻟﹶــﻪ
ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺑﻠﹶـﻎﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻠﹾـﻢ ﺳــﻠِﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔِﻌـﻞِ .261ﺑِﺄﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺴــﻠِﻤﺎﹰ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻋﻘﹾــﻞِ
ﺯﻛﱠـﺎﻩ ﻋـﺪﻻﹶﻥِ ،ﻓﹶﻌــﺪﻝﹲ ﻣـﺆﺗﻤﻦ .262ﻣِﻦ ﻓِﺴﻖٍ ﺍﻭ (5)ﺧـﺮﻡِ ﻣـﺮﻭﺀَﺓٍ ﻭﻣـﻦ
)(4
)ﻳﺤﻤِﻞﹸ ﻫـﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻌِﻠﹾﻢ (ﻟﻜِـﻦ ﺧﻮﻟِﻔﹶــﺎ ﻋﺪﻝﹲ ﺑِﻘﹶـﻮﻝِ ﺍﳌﹸﺼﻄﹶﻔﹶــﻰ .266ﻓﹶﺈﻧـﻪ
)(5
ﻓﹶﻀــﺎﺑِﻂﹲ ،ﺃﻭ ﻧــﺎﺩِﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﹶﻤﺨﻄِــﻲ .267ﻭﻣــﻦ ﻳﻮﺍﻓِــﻖ ﻏﹶﺎﻟِﺒــﺎﹰ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻀــﺒﻂِ
)(6
ﺫِﻛﹾﺮٍ ﻷﺳــﺒﺎﺏٍ ﻟﹶـﻪ ، ﺃﻥﹾ ﺗـﺜﹾﻘﹸﻼﹶ .268ﻭﺻﺤﺤـﻮﺍ ﻗﹶﺒـﻮﻝﹶ ﺗﻌﺪِﻳــﻞٍ ﺑِـﻼﹶ
ﻛـ)ﺷﻴﺨﻲِ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ( ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﹶـﺮ .271ﻫـﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﻋﻠﹶﻴــﻪِ ﺣﻔﱠـﺎﻅﹸ ﺍﻷﺛﹶـﺮ
ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ)) : (7ﻟِﻤﺘﻦٍ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺼِـﺢ( .272ﻓﹶﺈﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹶـﻞﹾ ) :ﻗﹶﻞﱠ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺟــﺮﺡ(
ﻧﺤﻮ) ﺳﻮﻳﺪٍ( ﺇﺫﹾ ﺑِﺠـﺮﺡٍ ﻣـﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﹶـﻰ .276ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ) ﻣﺴـﻠِﻢ (ﺑِﻤﻦ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺿـﻌﻔﹶﺎ
ﻣﻦ ﻋـﺪﻝﹶ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﺜﹶـﺮ ﻓﹶﻬــﻮ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﺘﺒــﺮ .279ﻭﻗﹶﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﹶﺮﺡ ، ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﺇﻥﹾ ﻇﹶﻬـﺮ
ــﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳـﻂﹾ:
ﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﻛﹾﺜﹶـﺮ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻘِﺴـ .287ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝﹸ ﻋﻴﻦٍ :ﻣﻦ ﻟﹶـﻪ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ
ﻳﺸـﺒِـﻪ ﺃﻧــﻪ ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺟﻌِــﻼ .291ﺑِـﻪِ ،ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦ : ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻼ
44
ﺧِﺒـﺮﺓﹸ ﺑﻌﺾِ ﻣـﻦ ﺑِﻬــﺎ ﺗﻌــﺬﱠﺭﺕ .292ﰲ ﻛﹸﺘﺐٍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﹶﺪِﻳﺚِ ﺍﺷــﺘﻬﺮﺕ
ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻘِﺴـﻢ ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﺭﺍﹰ ،ﻭﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﻧﻈﹶـﺮ .293ﰲ ﺑﺎﻃِﻦِ ﺍﻷﻣﺮِ ،ﻭﺑﻌـﺾ ﻳﺸــﻬِﺮ
ﻣِـﻦ ﻏﹶﻴﺮِ ﺧﻄﱠﺎﺑِﻴـﺔٍ ﻣــﺎ ﻧﻘﹶﻠﹸــﻮﺍ ) .296ﻟِﻠﺸــﺎﻓِﻌﻲ ، (ﺇﺫﹾ ﻳﻘﹸـﻮﻝﹸ :ﺃﻗﹾﺒـﻞﹸ
ــﻼ
ــﻂﹾ ،ﻭﻧﻘﹶـ
ــﻢ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـ
ﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺗﻬـ .297ﻭﺍﻷﻛﹾﺜﹶــﺮﻭﻥﹶ – ﻭﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﻷﻋــﺪﻻﹶ -
ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞِ ﺑِﺪﻉٍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ ﻣـﺎ ﺩﻋـﻮﺍ .298ﻓِﻴﻪِ )ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺣِﺒـﺎﻥﹶ( ﺍﺗﻔﹶﺎﻗﹶـﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺭﻭﻭﺍ
ﺿﻌـﻒ ﻧﻘﹾـﻼﹰ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻘﹶــﻮ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﻥﹾ .301ﻭﺃﻃﹾﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻟﻜِـﺬﹾﺏ ، ﻭﺯﺍﺩ : ﺃﻥﱠ ﻣـﻦ
ﻟﹶـﻪ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﳊﹶﺪِﻳـﺚِ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣــﺎ .303ﺑِﻜﹶﺬِﺏٍ ﻓِﻲ ﺧﺒــﺮٍ ﺇﺳــﻘﹶﺎﻁﹶ ﻣـﺎ
) (2ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺟـ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺃﳊﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺩﻝﹼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺦ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ .
46
.
ﻳﺨـﺮﻡ ﻣِـﻦ ﻣــﺮﻭﺀَﺓِ ﺍﻹﻧﺴــﺎﻥِ 312ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺃﹸﺟـﺮﺓِ ﺍﻟﻘﹸـﺮﺁﻥِ
.
ﻭﻏﹶﻴـﺮﻩ ﺗـَﺮﺧﺼــﺎﹰ ،ﻓـﺈﻥﹾ ﻧﺒــﺬﹾ 313ﻟﹶﻜِـﻦ) ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴـﻢٍ ﺍﻟﻔﹶﻀﻞﹸ( ﺃﹶﺧﺬﹾ
.
ﺃﻓﹾﺘﻰ ﺑِﻪِ ﺍﻟﺸــﻴﺦ) ﺃﺑـﻮ ﺇﺳــﺤﺎﻗﺎ( - 314ﺷﻐﻼﹰ ﺑِﻪِ -ﺍﻟﻜﹶﺴﺐ ﺃﺟِﺰ ﺇﺭﻓﹶﺎﻗﹶﺎ،
.
ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻨـﻮﻡِ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍ ﻛﹶـﻼﹶ ﻣِــﻦ ﺃﺻـﻞِ ، 315ﻭﺭﺩ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺗﺴـﺎﻫﻞٍ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﳊﹶﻤﻞِ
.
ــﺎ
ــﺮﺓﹰ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋـﺮِﻓﹶـ
ـﺎﳌﹸﻨﻜﹶﺮﺍﺕِ ﻛﹶﺜﹾـ
ﺑِـ 316ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶﺒِﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘِﻴﻦ ، ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶﺪ (1) ﻭﺻِﻔﹶﺎ
.
ﺃﺻﻞٍ ﺻـﺤِﻴــﺢٍ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﺭﺩ ، ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺇﻥﹾ 317ﺑِﻜﹶﺜﹾﺮﺓِ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮِ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙﹶ ﻣِﻦ
.
ﺳـﻘﹶﻂﹶ ﻋِﻨﺪﻫــﻢ ﺣﺪِﻳﺜﹸــﻪ ﺟﻤـﻊ 318ﺑﻴـﻦ (2) ﻟﹶﻪ ﻏﹶﻠﹶﻄﹸﻪ ﻓﹶﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ،
.
ﻭ)ﺍﺑـﻦِ ﺍﳌﹸﺒـﺎﺭﻙِ( ﺭﺃﹶﻭﺍ ﻓِــﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞِ 319ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ )ﺍﳊﹸﻤﻴﺪِﻱ (ﻣﻊ) ﺍﺑﻦِ ﺣﻨﺒﻞِ(
.
ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻋِﻨﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﻣــﺎ ﻳﻨﻜﹶــﺮ ﺫﹶﺍ 320ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﻓﻴـﻪِ ﻧﻈﹶـﺮ ، ﻧﻌﻢ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ
.
ــﻮﺭِ
ـﺎﻉِ ﻫ ـﺬِﻩِ ﺍﻷﻣـ
ــﻦِ ﺍﺟﺘِﻤـ
ﻋـ .321ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺿـﻮﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﻫﺬِﻩِ ﺍﻟﺪﻫـﻮﺭِ
ــﻂﱟ ﻣ ـﺆﺗﻤﻦ
ـﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ِﺑﺨـ
ﻳﺜﹾﺒـﺖ ﻣـ .323ﻟِﻠﻔِﺴﻖِ ﻇﹶﺎﻫِﺮﺍﹰ ،ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂِ ﺑﺄﻥﹾ
ﻷﺻﻞِ ﺷـﻴﺨِﻪِ ،ﻛﹶﻤـﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺳــﺒﻘﹶﺎ .324ﻭﺃﻧـﻪ ﻳـﺮﻭِﻱ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﺻﻞٍ ﻭﺍﻓﹶﻘﹶـﺎ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗِﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪِﻳﻞِ
) ﺇِﺑــﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣــﺎﺗِﻢِ ( ) (1ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺭﺗﺒــﻪ .326ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺠﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪِﻳﻞﹸ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻫﺬﱠﺑﻪ
) (1ﺑﻼ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﹸﺑﻘِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﻤﻊ ﻭﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺇﺫ ( ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (2ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺍﺕ ﰲ ) ﺃﻭ ( ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﻣﺘﻔﻖ (( ،ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ .
48
)ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﺑِﻪِ ﺑـﺄﺱ)(5)(ﺻـﺪﻭﻕ (ﻭﺻـﻞِ ) (4
.330ﺍﳊِﻔﹾﻆﹶ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺿﺒﻄﹶﺎﹰ ﻟِﻌﺪﻝٍ ﻭﻳﻠِﻲ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻭﺳـﻂﹲ ﻓﹶﺤﺴـﺐ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺷـﻴﺦ ﻓﹶﻘﹶ ـﻂﹾ .332ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕِ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﹶﺍ) (6ﺷﻴﺦ ﻭﺳﻂﹾ
)(2
ﺃﹶﺭﺟﻮ ﺑِﺄﹶﻥﹾ )ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﺑِـﻪِ ﺑـﺄﹾﺱ (ﻋـﺮﺍﻩ .334ﺻﻮﻳﻠِﺢ ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻥﹾ )(1ﺷﺎﺀَﺍﷲْ
ﺑـــﺄﹾﺱ ﺑِـــﻪِ( ﻓﹶﺜِﻘﹶـــﺔﹲ ﻭﻧﻘِـــﻼﹶ .335ﻭ) ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌِﻴﻦٍ( ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻗﹸﻮﻝﹸ) :ﻻﹶ
ﺿﻌﻔﺎﹰ ﺑﹻ)ﺻﺎﻟِﺢِ ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺪِﻳﺚِ( ﺇِﺫﹾ ﻳﺴِـﻢ .338ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕِ ﻭﺳﻢ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗِﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮِﻳﺢِ
ﻳﻜﹾــﺬِﺏ ﻭﺿــﺎﻉ ﻭﺩﺟــﺎﻝﹲ ﻭﺿــﻊ .339ﻭﺃﹶﺳﻮﺃﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮِﻳﺢِ) :ﻛﹶﺬﱠﺍﺏ) (ﻳﻀﻊ(
ﺣﺪِﻳﺜﹶـــﻪ (ﻭ)ﺍﺭﻡِ ﺑِـــﻪِ ﻣﻄﹶـــﺮﺡ( ) .343ﻭﺍﻩٍ ﺑﻤﺮﺓٍ( ﻭ)ﻫﻢ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻃﹶﺮﺣﻮﺍ
ﺛﹸــﻢ) ﺿــﻌِﻴﻒ (ﻭﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺟِﻴﺌﹶــﺎ ) .344ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﺑِﺸﻲﺀٍ( )ﻻﹶ ﻳﺴﺎﻭِﻱ ﺷﻴﺌﹶﺎﹰ(
ﻓِﻴــﻪِ ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ )ﺳــﻴﺊﹸ ﺣِﻔﹾــﻆٍ ﻟﹶــﻴﻦ( .348ﻟِﻠﻀﻌﻒِ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪِ ﺧﻠﹾﻒ ﻃﹶﻌﻨﻮﺍ
)(2
ﻣِـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺌﹶﺎﹰ ﺑِﺤﺪِﻳﺜِـﻪِ ﺍﻋﺘﺒِ ـﺮ ) .349ﺗﻜﹶﻠﱠﻤﻮﺍ ﻓِﻴﻪِ( ﻭﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﹸﻛِﺮ
ﻗﹶــﻮﻡ ﻫﻨــﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ) ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺴــﺒﻄﹶﻴﻦِ( ﻣــﻊ .351ﺛﹸﻢ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻠﹸﻮﻍِ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ
ـﻢ
ﻗﹶﺒ ـﻮﻟﹸﻬﻢ ﻣ ـﺎ ﺣ ـﺪﺛﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﻌ ـﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻠﹸـ .352ﺇِﺣﻀﺎﺭِ ﺃﹶﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﹾﻌِﻠﹾﻢِ ﻟِﻠﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥِ ﺛﹸﻢْ
) (1ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﺣﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ،ﻭﻻ ﳚﻲﺀ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﻲ ،ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻌﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ )ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ،(ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺛﻘﻞﹲ .
) (2ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﻭﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﹸﻛِﺮ (( ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ )) ﻣﻦ (( ﻭ )) ﺑﻌﺪ (( ﳎﺮﻭﺭ
ﺑـ )) ﻣِﻦ (( ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ )) ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ (( ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﳏﻜﻲ ، ﻭﺍﳉﺮ ﰲ ﳏﻠﱢﻪِ ،ﻭ )) ﺍﻋﺘﱪ (( ﺧﱪ
ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ ،ﻭ )) ﲝﺪﻳﺜﻪ (( ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳋﱪ .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 240ﺃ .
51
ﻋِﻨــﺪ) ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴــﺮِﻱ (ﺃﹶﺣــﺐ ﺣِــﻴﻦِ .353ﻭﻃﹶﻠﹶﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌِﺸﺮِﻳﻦِ
ﻓﹶــﺮﻕ ﺳــﺎﻣِﻊ ، ﻭﻣــﻦ ﻻﹶ ﻓﹶﺤﻀــﺮ .362ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺤِﻤﺎﺭِ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺒﻘﹶﺮ
ـﺎ( ) ،ﺃﹶﻧﺒﺄﹶﻧــﺎ(
ـﻤِﻌﺖ ، (ﺃﹶﻭ) ﺃﹶﺧﺒﺮﻧـ
)ﺳـ .365ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺍﻭ) (1ﺣِﻔﹾﻈﹶﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﹸﻞﹾ) :ﺣﺪﺛﹶﻨﺎ(
ﻭﻏﹶﻴــﺮ ﻭﺍﺣِــﺪٍ ﻟِﻤــﺎ ﻗﹶــﺪ ﺣﻤﻠﹶــﻪ .368ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﹶﺜﹾﻴِﺮ ﻭ) ﻳﺰِﻳﺪ (ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﹶﻪ
)(4
ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻬــﺎ )ﻗﹶــﺎﻝﹶ( ﺑِــﻼﹶ ﻣﺠــﺎﺭﺭﻩ .371ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺎﻟِﺐ ﺍﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻟﹸﻬﺎ ) (3ﻣﺬﹶﺍﻛﹶﺮﻩ
ﺫﹶﺍﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﺬِﻱ ﺑِﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻒِ ﺍﺷـﺘﻬِﺮ .374ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻪ ﻋِﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄﻴﺐِ ﻭﻗﹸﺼِﺮ
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺟـ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﳎﺎﺭﺭﻩ (( ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﺹ
، 364ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺑﺮﺍﺀَﻳﻦِ (( .
) (1ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ) ﺏ ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻟﻐﲑ (( .
) (2ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ) ﺟـ ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻭﻟﻴﺲ (( ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﻣﺎ
ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺣﻬﺎ .
) (3ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ،ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﺳِﻮﻯ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ (
ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ .ﻭﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ )) :ﺳﻮﺍ (( ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ،
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ) 413 / 14ﺳﻮﺍ ( .
) (4ﺑﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺃﻭ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
54
ﻳﺤﻔﹶﻈﹸـﻪ (5) ﻣـﻊ ﺍﺳـﺘِﻤﺎﹶﻉٍ ﻓﹶ ـﺎﻗﹾﺘﻨِﻊ .378ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺇﻥﹾ ﺛِﻘﹶـﺔﹲ ﻣِﻤـﻦ ﺳـﻤِﻊ
ـﻨﻘِﻼﹶ
ـﻪ ؟ ﻓﹶــ
ـﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﹶﻮﻗﹶــ
ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻧــ .380ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺨﻠﹾﻒ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻫـﻞﹾ ﺗﺴـﺎﻭﻱ) (6ﺍﻷﻭﻻﹶ
ﻭ) ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑِﻲ ﺫِﺋﹾـﺐٍ( ﻣـﻊ) ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺎﻥِ( .382ﻣــﻊ ) ﺍﻟﺒﺨــﺎﺭِﻱ ( ﻫﻤــﺎ ﺳِــﻴﺎﻥِ
ﻭﺟﻞﱡ )ﺃﹶﻫﻞِ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻕِ( ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺟـﻨﺢ .383ﻗﹶﺪ ﺭﺟﺤﺎ) (1ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﻋﻜﹾﺴـﻪ ﺃﹶﺻـﺢْ
ﻣــﻊ ﻭ)ﺃﹶﻧــﺎ ﺃﹶﺳــﻤﻊ (ﺛﹸــﻢ ﻋﺒــﺮِ .384ﻭﺟــﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﻓِﻴــﻪِ ﻗﹶــﺮﺃﹾﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻗﹸــﺮِﻯ
) (5ﺣﻖ ) ﳛﻔﻈﻪ ( ﺍﳉﺰﻡ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ،ﻓﺤﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ؛
ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (6ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺟـ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ (( .
) (1ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺣﻬﺎ ،ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻥ ﻭ ﺱ
ﻭ ﻫـ ﻭ ﻉ ﻭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺭﺟﺢ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ .
55
)ﺳﻤِﻌﺖ (ﻟﹶﻜِﻦ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺣﻠﱠـﻼﹶ ) .386ﺃﹶﻧﺸـــﺪﻧﺎ ﻗِـــﺮﺍﹶﺀﺓﹰ ﻋﻠﹶﻴـــﻪِ( ﻻﹶ
ﻭ)ﺍﺑ ـﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺒ ـﺎﺭﻙِ( ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻤِﻴ ـﺪ ﺳ ـﻌﻴﺎ ) .388ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴــﺌِﻲ (ﻭ)ﺍﻟﺘﻤِﻴﻤِــﻲ ﻳﺤﻴــﻰ(
)ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺌﻲ( ﻣِـﻦ ﻏﹶﻴـﺮِ ﻣـﺎ ﺧِـﻼﹶﻑِ .393ﻭﻗﹶ ـﺪ ﻋ ـﺰﺍﻩ ﺻ ـﺎﺣِﺐ ﺍﻹِﻧﺼ ـﺎﻑِ
ﺗﻔﹾﺮِﻳﻌﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻻﹶ ﻳﺤﻔﹶـﻆﹸ ﻣـﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻋﺮِﺿـﺎ .398ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﹶﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻣﺴﻚ ﺍﻷَﺻـﻞﹶ ﺭِﺿـﺎ
ﻣﻤﺴِــﻜﹸﻪ ﻓﹶــﺬﹶﻟِﻚ (2) ﺍﻟﺴــﻤﺎﻉ ﺭﺩْ .400ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ﻓﹶـﺈِﻥﹾ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻤـﺪ
ـﻊ
ـﻪ ، ﻭﻗﹶﻄﹶـ
ـﺎﻫِﺮِ ﻣِﻨـ
ﺑﻌ ـﺾ ﺃﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻈﱠـ .402ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢ ﻛﹶﺎﻓِﻴـﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ ﻣﻨـﻊ
ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ (1) ﺳِـﻮﺍﻩ ؟ ﻓﹶﺎﻋِﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺣـﺪﻩ .409ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻷَﺧـﺬِ ﺃﻛﹶـﺎﻥﹶ ﻭﺣـﺪﻩ
ﺍﺧﺘــﺎﺭ ﻓِــﻲ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴﻬﻘِــﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤــﺪ .411ﻓِﻲ ﺷﻴﺨِﻪِ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶـﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻮﺣـﺪﺓﹶ ﻗﹶـﺪ
) (4ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ / 248ﺏ )) :ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽِ -ﺑﺎ ﳉﺮ – ﻋﻄﻔﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆِ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻮﻝ
ﳏﺬﻭﻑ ،ﺃﻱ :ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻚ :ﺇﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻏﲑﻙ ﺇﱃ
ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ،ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ ﻭﺧﱪﻩ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ،ﺃﻱ :ﺇﻥ
ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﺃﻱ :ﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻞ :ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ،ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﺋﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﻞ :ﺃﺧﱪﱐ (( .
ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ،ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﺐ .
) (1ﺑﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ .
58
)(2
ﻟِﻠﺸــﻴﺦِ ﻓِــﻲ ﺃﹶﺩﺍﺋِــﻪِ ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﻌــﺪ .412ﻭﻗﹶـﺎﻝﹶ )ﺃﹶﺣﻤـﺪ :(ﺍﺗﺒِـﻊ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈﹶـﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺩ
ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﹾﻞِ ﺑـﺎِﻟﹾﻤﻌﻨﻰ ،ﻭﻣـﻊ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﻴـﺮﻯ .414ﺑِﺄﹶﻧــﻪ ﺳــﻮﻯ ﻓﹶﻔِﻴــﻪِ ﻣــﺎ ﺟــﺮﻯ
ﺑِﺎﻟﹾﻠﹶﻔﹾﻆِ ﻻﹶ ﻣـﺎ ﻭﺿـﻌﻮﺍ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸﺘـﺐِ .415ﺑِــﺄﹶﻥﱠ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻓِﻴﻤــﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻠﹶــﺐِ
)(3
ﻭِ)ﺍﺑـﻦِ ﻋـﺪِﻱ (ﻭﻋـﻦِ )ﺍﻟﺼـﺒﻐِﻲ( ) .417ﺍﻹِﺳــﻔﹶﺮﺍﻳﻴِﻨِﻲ (ﻣـــﻊ) ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺮﺑِــﻲ(
) (2ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ :ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ،ﻓﺤﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﻲ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ :
ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻟﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 249ﺏ ،ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ
. 46 / 2
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻕ ﻭ ﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻌﻲ (( ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻤﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ
ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻲ (( ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ،ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺃﺑﻮ
ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ . 531 / 3
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ﻓﹶﺤﻴــﺚﹸ ﻓﹶﻬــﻢ ﺻــﺢ ، ﺃﻭﻻﹶ ﺑﻄﹶــﻼﹶ .420ﺑِــﺄﹶﻥﱠ ﺧﻴــﺮﺍﹰ ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻔﹶﺼــﻼﹶ
)(3
ﺇِﺳـﻤﺎﻋِﻪِ ﺟﺒـﺮﺍﹰ ﻟِـﻨﻘﹾﺺٍ ﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹶ ـﻊ .424ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐِــﻲ ﻟِﻠﺸــﻴﺦِ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺠِﻴــﺰ ﻣــﻊ
)(3 )(4
ﺇِﺟــﺎﺯﺓٍ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﺴــﻤﺎﻉِ ﺗﻘﹾــﺮﻥﹾ ﻋـﻦ .425ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺎﺏٍ ﻭﻻﹶ ﻏِﻨـﻰ
ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺮﻑِ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﹾﻬِﻤﻪ (4) ﻓﹶـﻼﹶ ﻳﺴـﻊ .427ﻟﹶﻜِﻦ) ﺃﺑـﻮ ﻧﻌـﻴﻢٍ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﻀـﻞﹸ( ﻣﻨـﻊ
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﺃﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ((.
) (4ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻏﻨﺎﺀ (( .
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ) ﺟـ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﺗﻘﺘﺮﻥ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﻳﻘﺮﻥ ((.
) (4ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻬﻤﻪ (( .
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ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﹾﻬِﻢٍ ،ﻭ (5)ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋـﻦ) ﺯﺍﺋِـﺪﻩ( .428ﺇِﻻﱠ ﺑــﺄﹶﻥﹾ ﻳــﺮﻭِﻱ ﺗِﻠﹾــﻚ ﺍﻟﺸــﺎﺭِﺩﻩ
ﺇِﺫﹾ ﻓﹶﺎﺗــﻪ ﺣــﺪﺙﹶ ) (6ﻣِــﻦ ﺣــﺪﺛﹶﻨﺎ .429ﻭ)ﺧﻠﹶﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎِﱂٍ( ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻗـﺎﻝ :ﻧـﺎ
ﺑِﻠﹶﻔﹾﻆِ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻞٍ ﻋـﻦِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻤﻠِـﻲ ﺍﻗﹾﺘﻔﹶـﻰ .430ﻣِﻦ ﻗﹶﻮﻝِ ﺳﻔﹾﻴﺎﻥﹶ ،ﻭﺳـﻔﹾﻴﺎﻥﹸ ﺍﻛﹾﺘﻔﹶـﻰ
ﺇِﺳــﺘﻔﹾﻬﻢِ ﺍﻟﱠــﺬِﻱ ﻳﻠِﻴــﻚ ، ﺣﺘــﻰ .431ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍﻙ) ﺣﻤـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻦ ﺯﻳـﺪٍ( ﺃﹶﻓﹾﺘـﻰ :
ﻳﻜﹾﻔِﻲِ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺪِﻳﺚِ ﺷـﻤﻪ ، ﻓﹶﻬـﻢ .434ﻭﻛﹸــﻞﱡ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺗﺴــﺎﻫﻞﹲ ،ﻭﻗﹶــﻮْﻟﹸﻬﻢ:
-ﻋﺮﻓﹾﺘــﻪ ﺑِﺼــﻮﺗِﻪِ ﺍﻭ) (2ﺫِﻱ ﺧﺒــﺮِ .436ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﺤــﺪِّﺙﹾ ﻣِــﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀِ ﺳِــﺘﺮِ
)(4
ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳـﺮﻭِﻱ ﻣـﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺳـﻤِﻌﻪ .438ﻭﻻﹶ ﻳﻀــﺮ ﺳــﺎﻣِﻌﺎﹰ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻤﻨﻌــﻪ
ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِﺚﹸ :ﺍﻹﺟﺎﹾﺯﺓﹸ
ﻭﻧﻮﻋـــﺖ ﻟِﺘِﺴـــﻌﺔٍ ﺃﹶﻧﻮﺍﻋـــﺎ .440ﺛﹸــﻢ ﺍﻹِﺟــﺎﺯﺓﹸ ﺗﻠــﻰِ ﺍﻟﺴــﻤﺎﻋﺎ
ﺟﻮﺍﺯِ ﺫﹶﺍ ،ﻭﺫﹶﻫـﺐ) ﺍﻟﹾﺒـﺎﺟِﻲ (ﺇِﻟﹶـﻰ .442ﻭﺑﻌﻀ ـﻬﻢ ﺣﻜﹶ ـﻰ ﺍﺗﻔﹶ ـﺎﻗﹶﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﹶ ـﻰ
ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘِﻼﹶﻑ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻤـﻞِ ﻗﹶـﻂﹾ .443ﻧﻔﹾﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺨِﻼﹶﻑِ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘﹶﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻏﹶﻠﹶـﻂﹾ
)(6
ﻗﹶـﻮﻻﹶﻥِ ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺗ ـﺎﺑِﻌﻲ .444ﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺸــﻴﺦ ﺑــﺄَِﻥﹾ ) (5ﻟﻠﺸــﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ
) (3ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 253ﺏ.
) (4ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻪ (( ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ )) ﻳﻀﺮ ، (( ﻭ )) ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ((
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ )) ﳝﻨﻊ (( ،ﻭ )) ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﺮﻭِﻱ (( ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻪ .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 253ﺏ .
) (5ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ )) ﺃﹶﻥﱠ (( ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺓ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (6ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﻀﻤﲔ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﻲ .
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ﻭﺻﺎﺣِﺐ) ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺎﻭﻱ( ﺑِـﻪِ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻗﹶﻄﹶﻌـﺎ .445ﻣﺬﹾﻫﺒِﻪِ )ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﺎﺿِـﻲ ﺣﺴـﻴﻦ ((1)ﻣﻨﻌـﺎ
ـﺠﺰِﻱِّ(
ـﺬﹶﺍﻙ) ﻟِﻠﺴــ
ـﺎ ﻛﹶــ
ﺇِﺑﻄﹶﺎﻟﹸﻬــ .447ﻭﻋﻦ) ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦِ( ﻣـﻊ) ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺮﺑِـﻲ(
ﺑِﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﻻﹶ ﻛﹶﺤﻜﹾـﻢِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺳـﻞِ .449ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺑِـﻪِ ،ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ ﻭﺟـﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻤـﻞِ
ﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺠــﺎﺯِ ،ﻭﻫــﻮ ﺃﹶﻳﻀــﺎﹰ ﻗﹶﺒِﻠﹶــﻪ .450ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻥِ ) :(3ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌـﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺠـﺎﺯ ﻟﹶـﻪ
ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺨﻠﹾﻒ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻮﻯ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﻣِﻤـﺎ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺧـﻼﹶ .451ﺟﻤﻬـ ـﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺭِﻭﺍﻳـ ـﺔﹰ ﻭﻋﻤـ ـﻼﹶ
) (1ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﱵ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ :
)) ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﱠﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ
ﻣﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻄﻮﻱ ،ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔٍ )) ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ (( ﳐﺒﻮﻝ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﱭ ﻓﻴﻪ
ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻲ ، ﻓﻴﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ (( ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 254ﺃ .
) (2ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ )) ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ (( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
63
ﻟﹶــﻪ ، ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ ﻣــﺎﻝﹶ ﺇِﱃ ﺍﻟﹾﺠــﻮﺍﺯِ ـﺎﺯِ
.452ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِـﺚﹸ :ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤِـﻴﻢ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺠـ
)(4
ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻟِﻺِْﺑﻄﹶـﺎﻝِ ﻣـﺎﻝﹶ ﻓﹶﺎﺣـﺬﹶﺭِ .454ﻭﺟﺎﺯ ﻟِﻠﹾﻤﻮﺟـﻮﺩِ ﻋِﻨـﺪ) ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺒـﺮِﻱ(
)(3
ﻛﹶﺎﻟﹾﻌﻠﹶﻤــﺎ ) (2ﻳﻮﻣﺌِــﺬٍ ﺑِــﺎﻟﺜﱠﻐﺮِ )(1
.455ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌـﻢ ﻣـﻊ ﻭﺻـﻒِ ﺣﺼـﺮِ
ﺃﻭ ﻣــﺎ ﺃﹸﺟِﻴــﺰ ﻛﹶــﺄﹶﺟﺰﺕ ﺃﹶﺯﻓﹶﻠﹶــﻪ .458ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ : ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻬﻞﹸ ﺑِﻤـﻦ ﺃﹸﺟِﻴـﺰ ﻟﹶـﻪ
)(6
ﻓﹶــﻼﹶ ﻳﻀــﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻬــﻞﹸ ﺑِﺎﻷَﻋﻴــﺎﻥِ .461ﺃﹶﻣــﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴــﻤﻮﻥﹶ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴــﺎﻥِ
)(8
ﻣِــﻦ ﻏﹶﻴــﺮِ ﻋــﺪ ﻭﺗﺼــﻔﱡﺢٍ ﻟﹶﻬــﻢ ـﻲ) (7ﺍﻟﺼ ـﺤﺔﹸ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺟﻤﻠﹶﻬ ـﻢ
.462ﻭﺗﻨﺒﻐِـ
ﻣﻊ) ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭﺱٍ( ﻭﻗﹶـﺎﻻﹶ :ﻳﻨﺠﻠِـﻲ .465ﻣﻌﺎﹰ )ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﹶـﻰ( ﺍﻹِﻣـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻨﺒﻠِـﻲ
ﻋِﻨــﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄِﻴــﺐِ ﻭﺑِــﻪِ ﻗﹶــﺪ ﺳــﺒِﻘﹶﺎ .474ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺃﺑـﻮ ﻧﺼـﺮٍ .ﻭﺟـﺎﺯ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘﹶـﺎ
ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ ﺭﺃﹶﻯ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻜﹾــﻢ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﺳــﺘِﻮﺍﺀِ .475ﻣِﻦِ ) (7ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﻤﺮﻭﺱٍ ) (4ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶـﺮﺍﺀِ
) (6ﺑﻼ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ .ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﲝﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﺓ .
) (7ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﲔ .
) (4ﻋﻤﺮﻭﺱ :ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ – 210 / 4ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ،ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ
ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ 81 / 2ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ، 70 / 2ﻭﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺯﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻀﻤﻬﺎ ،ﰒﱠ ﻗﺎﻝﹶ :
66
ﺃﹶﺑــﺎ ﺣﻨِﻴﻔﹶــﺔﹶ ) (2ﻭﻣﺎﻟِﻜﹶــﺎﹰ ﻣﻌــﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺒِﻌـﺎ )(8
.476ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﻗﹾﻒِ ﰲ ﺻِﺤﺘِﻪِ
)(3
ﺑِﺤﻀــﺮﺓِ )ﺍﻟﹾﻤِــﺰﻱ (ﺗﺘــﺮﺍ ﻓﹸﻌِــﻼ .479ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﺟِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﻛﹶﺎﻓِﺮٍ ﻧﻘﹾـﻼﹰ ،ﺑﻠﹶـﻰ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌـﺪﻭﻡِ ﺃﻭﻟﹶـﻰ) (4ﻓِﻌـﻼﹶ .480ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﺟِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻤﻞِ ﺃﹶﻳﻀـﺎﹰ ﻧﻘــْﻼﹶ
ﻗﹸﻠﹾـﺖ :ﺭﺃﹶﻳـﺖ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺳـﺄﹶﻟﹶﻪ .481ﻭ)ﻟِﻠﹾﺨﻄِﻴﺐِ( ﻟﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﺟِـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﹶﻌﻠﹶـﻪ
)(5
ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ ﺇِﺫﹾ ﻓﹶﻌـﻞﹾ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺻﻔﱠﺢ ﺍﻷَﲰـﺎﺀَ .482ﻣــﻊ ﺃﺑﻮﻳــﻪِ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺟــﺎﺯ ، ﻭﻟﹶﻌــﻞﹾ
ﻭ)ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻐِﻴﺚٍ( ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺠِـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﺄﹶﻟﹶﻪ .485ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﺼـﺮِﻱ (7) ﻋِﻴـﺎﺽٍ ﺑﺬﹶﻟﹶـﻪ
ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺼِــﺢ ، ﻓﹶﺼــﺤِﻴﺢ ﻋﻤِﻠﹶــﻪ .486ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹸﻞﹾ :ﺃﹶﺟﺰﺗـﻪ ﻣـﺎ ﺻـﺢ ﻟﹶـﻪ
ـﺎ ﻋـﺮﻑ
ـﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﹸـﻞﱡ ﺣﻴﺜﹸﻤـ
ﻳﺼِـﺢ ﺟـ ) .487ﺍﻟــﺪﺍﺭﻗﹸﻄﹾﻨِﻲ (ﻭﺳِــﻮﺍﻩ ﺃﻭﺣــﺬﹶﻑ
ـﺎﹾﺩ
ـﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﱠــ
ﻋﻠﹶﻴـ ـﻪِ ﻗﹶـ ـﺪ ﺟــ .489ﻭﺭﺩ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺼـــﺤِﻴﺢ : ﺍﻻﻋﺘِﻤـــﺎﺩ
) (6ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ :ﺃﻱ :ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ،ﺃﻱ :ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ /258ﺏ.
) (7ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ )) :ﻋﺼﺮﰐ ((.
) (1ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ )) :ﳋﻤﺲ (( ،ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ،
ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ .
68
ﻓﺤﻴــﺚﹸ ﺷــﻴﺦ ﺷــﻴﺨِﻪِ ﺃﹶﺟــﺎﹾﺯﻩ .492ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐِـــﻲ ﺗﺄﹶﻣـــﻞﹸ ﺍﻹِﺟـــﺎﺯﻩ
)(2
ﻣﺎ ﺻـﺢ ﻋِﻨـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺨِﻪِ ﻣِﻨـﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ .493ﺑﻠِﻔﹾﻆِ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺢ ﻟﹶﺪﻳـﻪِ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺨـﻂﹾ
ﻋﻦ) ﻣﺎﻟِﻚٍ( ﺷﺮﻃﺎﹰ ﻭﻋـﻦ) ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤـﺮ( .496ﻃﹶﺎﻟِـﺐ ﻋِﻠﹾـﻢٍ )ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻮﻟِﻴـﺪ (ﺫﹶﺍ ﺫﹶﻛﹶـﺮ
ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻔﹾــﻆٍ ) (4ﻓﹶــﺎﻧﻮِ ﻭﻫــﻮ ﺃﹶﺩﻭﻥﹸ .498ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻠﹶﻔﹾﻆﹸ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺗﺠِـﺰ ﺑِﻜﹶﺘـﺐٍ ﺃﹶﺣﺴـﻦ
) (2ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻩ :ﲣﻄﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻱ :ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ
ﺷﻴﺨﻪ … (( .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 259ﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﻟﻸﻟﻔﻴﺔ . 258
) (3ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﺎ (( ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺇﱃ
ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ . 87 / 2
) (4ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﱵ ﻉ ﻭ ﻑ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )) :ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ (( ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳜﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
69
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﹾﺑِﻊ : ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﺎﻭﻟﹶﺔﹸ
) (9
ﺑِﺎﻹِﺫﹾﻥِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻻﹶ ،ﻓﹶﺎﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﺇِﺫِﻥﹾ ﺇِﻣـﺎ ﺗﻘﹾﺘـﺮِﻥﹾ .499ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﺎﻭﻻﹶﺕ
)(3 ) (10
ﺍﻟﹾﻜِﺘـﺎﺏ ﻣﺤﻀِـﺮﻩ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻳﻨـﺎﻭﻝﹶ .502ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺫﹸﻭ ﻣﻌﺮِﻓﹶﺔٍ ﻓﹶﻴِﻨﻈﹸـﺮﻩ
ـﺎ
ـﻮﻥﹶ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻣﺘِﻨﺎﻋـ
ـﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹾﺘـ
ـﺪ ﺃﹶﺑـ
ﻭﻗﹶـ .504ﺑِﺄﹶﻧﻬــﺎ ﺗﻌــﺎﺩِﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﺴــﻤﺎﻋﺎ
)(5
ﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻨﻈﹸـﺮ ﻣـﺎ .511ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ ﺁﺧِﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻗِـﺪﻣﺎ
)(1
ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻜِﺘـﺎﺏ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﻤـﺪ .512ﺃﹶﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎﻟِﺐ ﻟﹶﻜِﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺪ
ﻳﻔِﻴــﺪ ﺣﻴــﺚﹸ ﻭﻗﹶــﻊ (2)ﺍﻟﺘﺒــﻴﻦ .514ﺫﹶﺍ ﻣِﻦ ﺣﺪِﻳﺜِﻲ ،ﻓﹶﻬﻮ ﻓِﻌﻞﹲ ﺣﺴـﻦ
)(3
ﻭﺍﻷَﺻـﺢ ﺑﺎﹾﻃِﻠﹶـﻪ ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺗﺼِـﺢ .515ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﺧﻠﹶـﺖ ﻣِـﻦ ﺇﺫﹾﻥِ ﺍﳌﹸﻨﺎﹾﻭﻟﹶـﻪ
ﺳﻮﻍﹶ ﻟِـﻲ ،ﺃﹶﺑـﺎﺡ ﻟِـﻲ ،ﻧـﺎﻭﻟﹶﻨِﻲ .521ﺃﹶﺫِﻥﹶ ﻟِﻲ ،ﺃﹶﻃﹾﻠﹶﻖ ﻟِـﻲ ،ﺃﹶﺟـﺎﺯﻧِﻲ
ﻭﻫ ـﻮ ﻣ ـﻊ ﺍﻹِﺳ ـﻨﺎﺩِ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻗﹾﺘِ ـﺮﺍﺏِ .525ﻭﻟﹶﻔﹾﻆﹸ ))ﺃﹶﻥﹾ(( ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ) ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄﱠﺎﰊ(
)(3
ﻭﻋــﺪﻩ ﺃﹶﻗﹾــﻮﻯ ﻣِــﻦ ﺍﻹِﺟــﺎﺯﻩ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺃﹶﺟـﺎﺯﻩ .535ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻠﹶﻴﺚﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﻥِ
) (1ﻋﲎ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ :ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﲑﻱ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :
ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ .
) (2ﺑﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ؛ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ) ﻣﻊ ( .
73
ﻭﺻﺎﺣِﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺎﻭِﻱ ﺑِﻪِ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻗﹶﻄﹶﻌـﺎ .536ﻭﺑﻌﻀــﻬﻢ ﺻِــﺤﺔﹶ ﺫﹶﺍﻙ ﻣﻨﻌــﺎ
ﻭﺻﺎﺣِﺐ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻣِﻞِ ﺟﺰﻣـﺎﹰ ﺫﹶﻛﹶـﺮﻩ .543ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻮﺍﺯِ ﻭ) ﺍﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﹾﺮٍ( ﻧﺼـﺮﻩ
ﻟﹶﻜِــﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻــﺢ ،ﻋﻠﹶﻴــﻪِ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻤــﻞﹸ .545ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﹶﺎﺳـﺘِﺮﻋﺎﺀِ ﻣ ـﻦ ﻳﺤﻤ ـﻞﹸ
ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻣِﻦ : ﺍﻟﻮِﺟﺎﺩﺓﹸ
ﻭﺟﺪﺗـــﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﱠـــﺪﺍﹰ ﻟِﻴﻈﹾﻬـــﺮ ـﺎﺩﺓﹸ ﻭﺗِﻠﹾ ـﻚ ﻣﺼ ـﺪﺭ
.548ﺛﱡ ـﻢ ﺍﻟﻮِﺟـ
ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻞﹾ :ﺑِﺨﻄﱢﻪِ ﻭﺟـﺪﺕ ، ﻭﺍﺣﺘـﺮِﺯ .550ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺤﺪﺛﹾﻚ ﺑِـﻪِ ﻭﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺠِـﺰ
ﻋﻨﻪ ، ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﺫﹾﻛﹸﺮ) ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ( ﺃﹶﻭ) ﻇﹶﻨﻨـﺖ( .551ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺗﺜِﻖ ﺑِﺎﻟﹾﺨﻂِّ ﻗﹸـﻞﹾ :ﻭﺟـﺪﺕ
75
ﺗﻘﹾــﺒﺢ (2) ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻭﻫــﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻧﻔﹾﺴــﻪ .553ﻓﻴﻪِ )ﺑِﻌﻦ ، (ﻗﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﻫـﺬﹶﺍ ﺩﻟﹾﺴـﻪ
ﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳــﺮﻩ ، ﻭﺑــﺎﻟﹾﻮﺟﻮﺏِ ﺟ ﺰﻣــﺎ .555ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻤـﻞِ ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﻈﹶﻤـﺎ
)ﻗﺎﻝﹶ( ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻫـﺎ ،ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺤﺼـﻞﹾ .557ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸــﻦ ﺑِﻐﻴــﺮِ ﺧﻄﹼــﻪِ ﻓﹶﻘﹸــﻞﹾ :
ـﺎﻝٍ ﻓﹶـــﻼﹶ
ـﻴﻖِ ﺭﻕ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻟِﺮﺣــ
ﻟِﻀِــ .564ﻭﻳﻜﹾــﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﺨــﻂﱡ ﺍﻟﺮﻗِﻴــﻖ (5) ﺇِﻻﱠ
)(1
ﺷــﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻘِــﺮﺍﺀَﺓِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣــﺎ ﻫــﺬﹾﺭﻣﺎ ـﺎ
.565ﻭﺷـﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠِﻴـﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺸـﻖ ،ﻛﹶﻤـ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﹶﺘﺐ ﺫﹶﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺮﻑِ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻣـﺜﹶﻼﹶ .566ﻭﻳﻨﻘﹶﻂﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻬﻤـﻞﹸ ﻻﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺎ ﺃﹶﺳـﻔﹶﻼﹶ
) (3ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ :
)) ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎﻡ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ )) :ﻋﺠﺎﻡ (( .
) (4ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ :ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ،ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﺯﻡ ،ﻭﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ :ﻟﻴﻚ.
) (5ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭ )ﺃ( )) :ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ (( ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﻝ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ( ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ 121/2ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ .
) (1ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳌﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺹ ﻭ ﻥ ﻭ ﻕ ﻭ ﺱ ﻭ ﻉ ﻭ ﻑ :
)) ﻫﺬﺭِﻣﺎ (( .
77
ﻣـــﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺧﺘِﻴـــﺮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻻﹶ ﻳﺮﻣِـــﺰﺍ .569ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﺗـــﻰ ﺑِﺮﻣـــﺰِ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻣﻴـــﺰﺍ
)(2
ـﺎ
ـﻰ ﻳﻌﺮﺿـ
ـﺎ )ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄِﻴ ـﺐ (ﺣﺘـ
ﺇِﻏﹾﻔﹶﺎﻟﹶﻬـ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺓﹸ ﻓﹶﺼـﻼﹰ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻀـﻰ .570ﻭﺗﻨﺒﻐِﻲ
ﻣِﻨــﻪ ﺑِﺴــﻄﹾﺮٍ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻨــﺎﻑِ ﻣــﺎ ﺗــﻼﹶﻩ .571ﻭﻛﹶﺮِﻫﻮﺍ ﻓﹶﺼـﻞﹶ ﻣﻀـﺎﻑِ ﺍﺳـﻢِ ﺍﷲْ
ﺧﻮﻟِﻒ ﻓِﻲ ﺳـﻘﹾﻂِ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﹶﺓِ )ﺃﹶﺣﻤـﺪ( .573ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺃﹸﺳﻘِﻂﹶ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻷَﺻـﻞِ ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ
)(5
ﻟﹶﻬــﺎ ﻹِ ﻋﺠــﺎﻝٍ ﻭﻋــﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻮﺿــﺎ ـﺎ
.575ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌﻨﺒـﺮِﻱ ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤـﺪِﻳﻨِﻲ ﺑﻴﻀـ
)(6
ﻣِﻨﻬــﺎ ﺻــﻼﹶﺓﹰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳــﻼﹶﻣﺎﹰ ﺗﻜﹾﻔﹶــﻰ ـﺬﹾﻓﹶﺎ
ـﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺤـ
ـﺰ ﻟﹶﻬـ .576ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨِـ
ـﺐِ ﺍﻟﺮﻣـ
ﺃﹸﺳـ ـﺘﺎﺫِﻩِ ﺑِﻨﻔﹾﺴِـ ـﻪِ ﺇِﺫﹾ ﻳﺴـ ـﻤﻊ .578ﻓﹶﺮﻉٍ ﻣﻘﹶﺎﺑﻞٍ ،ﻭﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻌـﺮﺽِ ﻣـﻊ
)(4 )(3
ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺻِﺤﺔﹸ ﻧﻘﹾﻞِ ﻧﺎﺳِﺦٍ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ﻭﻟﹾﻴـﺰﺩ .582ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﺻﻞٍ
ﻓِﻲ ﺃﹶﺻﻞِ ﺍﻻﺻِ ﻞ) (5ﻻﹶﺗﻜﹸـﻦ ﻣﻬـﻮﺭﺍ .583ﺷﺮﻃﹶﻪ ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺒِـﺮ ﻣـﺎ ﺫﹸﻛِـﺮﺍ
) (6ﺗ ﻜﹾﻔﹶﻰ :ﺃﻱ :ﳘﹼﻚ ، ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ )، ( 170
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ، ( 2457ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ، 421 / 2ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ .
) (12ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇ ﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ…(( ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ .
) (2ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﺑﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺃﺻﻞ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻮﻥ ) ﻣﻦ ( ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ .
) (4ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ (( .
) (5ﺑﻮﺻﻞ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ( ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﲢﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﲔ.
79
ﺗﺨﺮِﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗِ ِ
ﻂ
ﺣﺎﺷِــﻴﺔﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﹾﻴِﻤــﻴﻦِ ﻳﻠﹾﺤــﻖ .584ﻭﻳﻜﹾﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗِﻂﹸ :ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤـﻖ
)(6
ﻟِﻔﹶﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻄﹸﻮﺭ ﺃﹶﻋﻠـﻰ ﻓﹶﺤﺴـﻦ .585ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺁﺧِﺮ ﺳﻄﹾﺮٍ ﻭﻟﹾـﻴﻜﹸﻦ
ﻣﻨﻌﻄِﻔﺎﹰ ﻟﹶﻪ ، ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﺻِـﻞﹾ ﺑِﺨـﻂﹾ .586ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻦ ﻟِﻠﺴﻘﹾﻂِ ﻣِﻦ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﺳـﻘﹶﻂﹾ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﹶﺮﺭِ ﺍﻟﻜﹶﻠِﻤﺔﹶ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﺗﺴـﻘﹸﻂﹾ ﻣﻌـﺎ .587ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻛﹾﺘﺐ ﺻـﺢ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺯِﺩ ﺭﺟﻌـﺎ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﺻﺤﺤﻦ ﻟِﺨـﻮﻑِ ﻟﹶـﺒﺲٍ ﻭﺃﹸﺑِـﻲ .589ﻭ)ﻟِﻌِﻴ ـﺎﺽٍ( :ﻻﹶ ﺗﺨ ـﺮِّﺝ ﺿ ـﺒﺐِ
)(1
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤِﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮِﻳﺾ ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺒِﻴﺐ
ﻟِﻠﺸـﻚ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻧﻘﹾـﻼﹰ ﻭﻣﻌﻨـﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻀِـﻲ .590ﻭﻛﹶﺘﺒﻮﺍ )ﺻـﺢ (ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌـﺮﺽِ
80
)(3 )(2
ﺗﻀـﺒِﻴﺒﺎﹰ ،ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﺇِﺫ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻮﻫِﻢ .593ﻳﻜﹾﺘﺐ ﺻﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋِﻨﺪ ﻋﻄﹾﻒِ ﺍﻷَﺳـﻤﺎ
ﻣﻊ ﻋﻄﹾﻔِـﻪِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﹶﺘـﺐ) ﻻﹶ( ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺇﱃ .596ﻭﺻِــﻠﹾﻪ ﺑِــﺎﻟﹾﺤﺮﻭﻑِ ﺧﻄﹼــﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻻﹶ
ﻓِﻲ ﻛﹸـﻞﱢ ﺟﺎﻧِـﺐٍ ﻭﻋﻠﱢـﻢ ﺳـﻄﹾﺮﺍ .597ﺃﹶﻭ ﻧِﺼـــﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺓٍ ﻭﺇِﻻﱠ ﺻِـــﻔﹾﺮﺍ
ﺃﹶﻭﻻ ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﺣــﺮﻑ ﺃﺗــﻰ ﺗﻜﹾﺮِﻳــﺮﻩ .598ﺳﻄﹾﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣـﺎ ﻛﹶﺜﹸـﺮﺕ ﺳـﻄﹸﻮﺭﻩ
ﺍﺧِــﺮ ﺳــﻄﹾﺮٍ ﺛﹸــﻢ ﻣــﺎ ﺗﻘﹶــﺪﻣﺎ .599ﻓﹶـﺄﹶﺑﻖِ ﻣـﺎ ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﺳ ـﻄﹾﺮٍ ﺛﹸـﻢ ﻣ ـﺎ
)(6
ﻧﺤﻮﻫﻤـﺎ ﻓﹶـﺄﹶﻟِﻒِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻭ .600ﺃﹶﻭِ ) (5ﺍﺳﺘﺠِﺪ ﻗﹶﻮﻻﹶﻥِ ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻀِـﻒِ
ﺍﻹِﺷﺎﺭﺓﹸ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰِ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ )ﺛﹶﻨﺎ( ﺃﹶﻭ) ﻧﺎ( ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ ) :ﺩﺛﹶﻨـﺎ( 604ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﻛﹶﺘﺒِﻬِﻢ) ﺣـﺪﺛﹶﻨﺎ(
.
ﺃﹶﻭ) ﺃﹶﺭﻧــﺎ( ﻭ)ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴﻬﻘِــﻲ) (ﺃﹶﺑﻨــﺎ( 605ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ )ﺃﹶﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎ( ﻋﻠﹶﻰ )ﺃﹶﻧـﺎ(
.
)ﻗﹶﺎﻓﹶﺎﹰ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ :ﺣﺬﹾﻓﹸﻬﺎ ﻋﻬِﺪ 606ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﻭﺭﻣﺰ) ﻗﺎﻝﹶ( ﺇِﺳﻨﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻳﺮِﺩ
.
ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶـﻪ : ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐِـﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﹾـﻖ ﺑِـﺬﹶﺍ 607ﺧﻄﱠﺎﹰ ﻭﻻﹶﺑﺪ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﹾـﻖِ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ
.
ﻟِﻐﻴـﺮِﻩِ )ﺡ( ﻭﺍﻧﻄِﻘﹶـﻦ ﺑِﻬـﺎ ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ 608ﻭﻛﹶﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻋِﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘِﻘﺎﻝٍ ﻣِـﻦ ﺳـﻨﺪ
.
) )) (1ﺃﻱ :ﳚﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ،ﺷﺒﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ (( .
ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 297ﺃ .
) (2ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﺭﻣﺰٍ (( ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 297ﺃ .
) (3ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺝ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﺑﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ (( .
82
)(6
ﻭﺃﹶﻧﻬ ـﺎ ﻣِ ـﻦ ﺣﺎﺋِ ـﻞٍ ،ﻭﻗﹶ ـﺪ ﺭﺃﹶﻯ 609ﺭﺃﹶﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻭِﻱ (5)ﺑﺄﹶﻥﹾ ﻻﹶ ﺗﻘﹾـﺮﺍ
.
ﻣﻜﹶﺎﻧﻬﺎ :ﺍﻟﹾﺤـﺪِﻳﺚﹶ ﻗﹶـﻂﹾ ،ﻭﻗِـﻴﻼﹶ 610ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﹸﻭﻟِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺮﺏِ ﺑِـﺄﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹸـﻮﻻﹶ
.
ﻣﻜﹶﺎﻧﻬﺎ :ﺻﺢ ﻓﹶﺤﺎ ﻣِﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨِـﺐ 611ﺑﻞﹾ ﺣﺎﺀُ ﺗﺤﻮِﻳﻞٍ ﻭﻗﺎﻝﹶ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻛﹸﺘِـﺐ
.
ﻛِﺘﺎﺑﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤِ ﻴﻊِ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﺎﻣِﻌِﻴﻦ ﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶﻬــﺎ ﻣﻜﹶﻤﻠﹶــﻪ .612ﻭﻳﻜﹾﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦِ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺴـﻤﻠﹶﻪ
)(2 )(1
ﺃﹶﻭ ﺁﺧِــﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﺠــﺰﺀِ ﻭﺇِﻻﱠ ﻇﹶﻬــﺮﻩ ﺑِـﺎﻟﻄﱡﺮﻩ .613ﻣﺆﺭﺧﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺟﻨﺒﻬـﺎ
ﻣِﻦ ﺛِﻘﹶـﺔٍ ،ﺻـﺤﺢ ﺷـﻴﺦ ﺃﹶﻡ ﻻﹶ .615ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸـﻞﱡ ،ﻭﺇِﻻﱠ ﺍﺳـﺘﻤﻠﹶﻰ
) (5ﻭﺿﺒﻄﺖ ) ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ( ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ .ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 299ﺏ .
) (6ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( )) :ﻳﻘﺮﺃ (( .
) )) (1ﺃﻱ :ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ (( .ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 300ﺃ .
) (2ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﺍﻟﻄﱡﺮﺓﹸ – ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺸﺪﺩﺓ :-ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ .ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ :ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻫﺪﺏ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺷﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ
ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ،ﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺣﺮﻓﹸﻪ . (( ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 300ﺃ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ
) 43 / 12ﻃﺮﺭ (.
83
ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﺑِﺨـﻂﱢ ﻣﺎﻟِـﻚٍ ﺳـﻄِﺮ .616ﻭﻟﹾﻴﻌِﺮِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺑِـﻪِ ) (3ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﺴـﺘﻌِﺮ
)(4
ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺮِﻱ ﻓﹶﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺳِـﻴﻠﹸﻮﺍ .617ﻓﹶﻘﹶــﺪ ﺭﺃﹶﻯ ﺣﻔﹾــﺺ ﻭﺇِﺳــﻤﺎﻋِﻴﻞﹸ
ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻫِﺪِ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞﹾ .618ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺧﻄﱡـﻪ ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﺍﻟﺮِّﺿـﺎ ﺑِ ـﻪِ ﺩﻝﹾ
ﻳﺜﹾﺒِﺖ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻋﺮﺿِـﻪِ ﻣـﺎ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳـﺒﻦ .619ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺤــﺬﹶﺭِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌــﺎﺭ ﺗﻄﹾــﻮِﻳﻼﹰ ﻭﺃﹶﻥﹾ
) (3ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻋﻲ )) :ﻭﻟﹾﻴﻌِﺮِ :ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻸﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﰊ ،ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ :ﺑﺈﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﲔ ،ﻣﻦ
ﺃﲰﻰ ﲟﻌﲎ :ﲰﻰ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ :ﲰﻴﺖ ﻓﻼﻧﺎﹰ ﺯﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﲰﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺰﻳﺪٍ ﲟﻌﻨﻰ ،ﻭﺃﹶﺳﻤﻴﺘﻪ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﰲ ) ﺑﻪ ( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ :ﻳﻨﺪﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﲑ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ (( .
ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 301ﺃ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ ) 2383 / 6ﲰﺎ ( .
) (4ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ) ﺳﺌﻠﻮﺍ ( ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ) ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ (
ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺔ / 301ﺃ .
84
ﺟﺎﺯﺕ (2)ﻟﹶﺪﻯ ﺟﻤﻬـﻮﺭِﻫِﻢ ﺭِﻭﺍﻳﺘـﻪ .624ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻐِــﺐ ﻭﻏﹶﻠﹶﺒــﺖ ﺳــﻼﹶﻣﺘﻪ
ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻮﻯ ،ﻭﺃﹶﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﻣِﻨـﻪ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼِـﻴﺮِ .626ﻣﺎ ﺳﻤِﻌﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺨﻠﹾـﻒ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﻀـﺮِﻳﺮِ
) (1ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﻋﻦ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ .
) (2ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﺟﺎﺯ (( ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ .
) (3ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( )) :ﺍﻟﱪﺳﺎﻥ (( ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ ) ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ
( ﻭﰲ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺎ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ؛ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝﹶ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ( ) ) : ( 166 / 2ﺍﻟﱪﺳﺎﻥ :
ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﺩ ( .
85
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔﹸ ﺑِﺎﻟﹾﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ـﺪﻟﹸﻮﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﹶﻴـــﺮﻩ ﻓﹶـــﺎﻟﹾﻤﻌﻈﹶﻢ
ﻣــ .632ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺮﻭِ ﺑِﺎﻷَﻟﹾﻔﹶـﺎﻅِ ﻣـﻦ ﻻﹶ ﻳﻌﻠﹶـﻢ
ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨِﻴﻒِ ﻗﹶﻄﹾﻌﺎﹰ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺣﻈﹶـﺮ .633ﺃﹶﺟﺎﺯ ﺑِـﺎﻟﹾﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﻻﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﺒـﺮ
ﻣﻨﻔﹶﺼِ ـﻼﹰ ﻋ ـﻦِ ﺍﻟﱠ ـﺬِﻱ ﻗﹶ ـﺪ ﺫﹶﻛﹶ ـﺮﻩ .636ﺫﹶﺍ ﺑِﺎﻟﺼﺤِﻴﺢِ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﻣـﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼـﺮﻩ
ﻓﹶــﺈِﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﺑــﻰ ﻓﹶﺠــﺎﺯ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻻﹶ ﻳﻜﹾﻤِﻠﹶــﻪ .637ﻭﻣــﺎ ﻟِــﺬِﻱ ﺗﻬﻤــﺔٍ ) (2ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻔﹾﻌﻠﹶــﻪ
ﻓﹶﻬــﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﹾﺠــﻮﺍﺯِ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻗﹾﺘِــﺮﺍﺏِ .638ﺃﹶﻣــﺎ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹸﻄﱢــﻊ ﻓِــﻲ ﺍﻷﺑــﻮﺍﺏِ
) (13ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺼﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ،ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ،ﻭﰲ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﻉ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﻑ )) :ﻭﺍﺟﺰ ((
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄﹲ ﳏﺾ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ،ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ،ﻭﺑﺪﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ
ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﻀﲔ ) ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ( .
) (2ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﻣﻦ ﻤﺔ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ
ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺣﻬﺎ .
86
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤِﻴﻊ ﺑِﻘِﺮﺍﺀَﺓِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤﺎﹾﻥِ ،ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺼﺤِ
ﻒ
.639ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺤــﺬﹶﺭِ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤــﺎﻥﹶ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺼــﺤﻔﹶﺎ ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ ﺣﺪِﻳﺜِــﻪِ ﺑِــﺄﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺮﻓﹶــﺎ
ﻓﹶﺤــﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺤــﻮ ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ ﻣــﻦ ﻃﹶﻠﹶﺒــﺎ .640ﻓﹶﻴـﺪﺧﻼﹶ ﻓِـﻲ ﻗﹶﻮﻟِـﻪِ :ﻣـﻦ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺑﺎ
ﻋـﻦ ﺃﹶﻛﹾﺜﹶـﺮِ ﺍﻟﺸ ـﻴﻮﺥِ ﻧﻘﹾـﻼﹰ ﺃﹸﺧِ ـﺬﹶﺍ .645ﻭﻳــﺬﹾﻛﹶﺮ ﺍﻟﺼــﻮﺍﺏ ﺟﺎﻧِﺒــﺎﹰ ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ
ﻛﹶﻤــﺎ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺛﹶﺒﺘــﻪ ﻣــﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻤــﺪ .650ﺻِﺤﺘﻪ ﻣِـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺾِ ﻣـﺘﻦٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳـﻨﺪ
ﻋِﻨﺪ ﻣﺠِﻴـﺰِﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﹾـﻞِ ﻣﻌـﲎ ﻭﺭﺟـﺢ .653ﺑِﻠﹶﻔﹾﻆِ ﻭﺍﺣِﺪٍ ﻭﺳـﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸـﻞﱠ :ﺻـﺢْ
ﻭﻣـــﺎ ﺑِـــﺒﻌﺾِ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻭﺫﹶﺍ ﻭﻗـــﺎﻻﹶ: .654ﺑﻴﺎﻧــﻪ ﻣــﻊ ﻗــﺎﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣــﻊ ﻗــﺎﻻﹶ
ﺻــﺢ ﻟﹶﻬــﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸﺘــﺐ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺗﻘﹶﺎﺑــﻞِ .655ﺍﻗﹾﺘﺮﺑﺎ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻔﹾـﻆِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﻘﹸـﻞِ :
ﻳﺴﻤِﻲ) (4ﺍﳉﹶﻤِﻴﻊ ﻣـﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧِـﻪِ؟ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﻞﹾ .656ﺑِﺄﹶﺻﻞِ ﺷـﻴﺦٍ ﻣِـﻦ ﺷـﻴﻮﺧِﻪِ ﻓﹶﻬـﻞﹾ
) (2ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ
)ﺃ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﻳﺪﺭﻱ (( ،ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ .
) (3ﰲ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﺃﺻﻞٍ (( .
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ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﹾﺩﺓﹸ ﻓِﻲ ﻧﺴﺐِ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦِ
ﻣـﻦ ﻓﹶﻮﻗﹶـﻪ ﻓﹶـﻼﹶ ﺗـﺰِﺩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨِـﺐ .657ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﺄﹾﺕِ ﺑِـﺒﻌﺾِ ﻧﺴـﺐ
ﺃﹶﻭﺟِــﺊﹾ ﺑِــﺄﹶﻥﱠ ﻭﺍﻧﺴــﺒﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﻨِــﻲ .658ﺇِﻻﱠ ﺑِﻔﹶﺼﻞٍ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻫﻮ (14) ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻌﻨِـﻲ
ﻓِــﻲ ﺃﹶﻭﻝِ ﺍﻟﹾﺠــﺰﺀِ ﻓﹶﻘﹶــﻂﹾ ﻓﹶــﺬﹶﻫﺒﺎ .659ﺃﹶﻣ ـﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸ ـﻴﺦ ﺃﹶﺗ ـﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴ ـﺒﺎ
) (15
ﻣـﻊ ﻭﺑِـﻪِ ﻭﺍﻷَﻛﹾﺜﹶـﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ .662ﻭﺍﻷَﻏﹾﻠﹶـﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺒـﺪﺀُ ﺑِـﻪِ ﻭﻳـﺬﹾﻛﹶﺮ
) (16
ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﻭﺍﻹِﻓﹾﺼـﺎﺡ ﺃﹶﺳـﺪ ﻵِﺧِﺬٍ .663ﺟﻮﺯ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻔﹾـﺮِﺩ ﺑﻌﻀـﺎﹰ ﺑِﺎﻟﺴـﻨﺪ
ﺑﻌﺾٍ ﻓﹶﻔِﻴـﻪِ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﺨِـﻼﹶﻑ ﻧﻘِـﻼﹶ .667ﰲ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺒﻌﺾِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻦِ ﻗﹶﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ
ﺑِﺴﻨﺪِ ) (2ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﱐ ﻭﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﺑـﻞﹾ ﻟﹶـﻪ .669ﻓﹶﺎﻷَﻇﹾﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣِـﻦ ﺍﻥﹾ) (1ﻳﻜﹶﻤﻠﹶـﻪ
ﻭﺫﹶﺍ ﻋﻠﹶ ـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﹾ ـﻞِ ﺑﻤِﻌﻨ ـﻰ ﺑﻨِﻴ ـﺎ .671ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﻧﺤﻮِ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﻂﹾ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺣﻜِﻴـﺎ
ﻻﹶ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺬﹾﻑ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻟﹶﻜِـﻦ ﻳﺼِـﺢ .679ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦِ ﻭﺍﺣِﺪ ﺟـﺮِﺡ
ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺤﺬﹾﻑ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﻭﺛِﻘﹶﺎ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﺃﹶﺧـﻒ .680ﻭﻣﺴﻠِﻢ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻛﹶﻨـﻰ ﻓﹶﻠﹶـﻢ ﻳـﻮﻑ
ﺃﹶﺟِ ـﺰ ﺑِ ـﻼﹶ ﻣﻴ ـﺰٍ ﺑِﺨﻠﹾ ـﻂِ ﺟﻤﻌ ـﻪ .681ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﹸـﻞﱢ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻗِﻄﹾﻌـﻪ
91
ﻭﺟــﺮﺡ ﺑﻌــﺾٍ ﻣﻘﹾــﺘﺾٍ ﻟِﻠﺘــﺮﻙِ .682ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴــﺎﻥِ ﻛﹶﺤــﺪِﻳﺚِ ﺍﻹِْﻓﹾــﻚِ
ﺁﺩﺍﹾﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺤﺪﺙِ
ـﻰ ﻧﺸ ـﺮِﻙ ﻟِﻠﹾﺤ ـﺪِﻳﺚِ
ﻭﺍﺣ ـﺮِﺹ ﻋﻠﹶـ .684ﻭﺻـ ـﺤﺢِ ﺍﻟﻨﻴـ ـﺔﹶ ﰲِ ﺍﻟﺘﺤـ ـﺪِﻳﺚِ
ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﺤــﺪِّﺙﹾ ﻋﺠِــﻼﹰ ) (3ﺃﹶﻭ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﺗﻘﹸــﻢ .687ﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳﺨﻠِــﺺِ ﺍﻟﻨﻴــﺔﹶ ﻃﹶﺎﻟِــﺐ ﻓﹶﻌــﻢ
ﻓِﻲ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﺍﺭﻭِﻩِ ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﺧـﻼﱠﺩٍ ﺳـ ﹶﻠﻚ .688ﺃﹶﻭ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮِﻳﻖِ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﺍﺣﺘِـﻴﺞ ﻟﹶـﻚ
ــﻌﻞﹾ
ــﻦ ﻓﹶـ
ﻛﹶـﺄﹶﻧﺲِ ﻭﻣﺎﻟ ــِﻚٍ ﻭﻣـ .692ﻓﹶﺈِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸـﻦ ﺛﹶﺎﺑِـﺖ ﻋﻘﹾـﻞٍ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺒـﻞﹾ
)(5
ﺑِـﺠـﺰﺀٍ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻋـﺮﻑ ﻭﺇِﻥﱠ ﻣﻦ ﺳِﻴﻞﹶ .694ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﻣﺴـﺎﻙ ﺍﻻﻋﻤـﻰ ﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﺨـﻒ
ﻭﺗـﺮﻙ ﺗـﺤﺪِﻳﺚٍ ﺑِﺤﻀـﺮﺓِ ﺍﻷَﺣـﻖْ ـﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻓِﻴــْﻪِ ﺩﻝﱠ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﺣـﻖْ
.695ﺭﺟﺤـ
ـﺎ
ـﻪِ ﻣﻌـ
ـﺲٍ ﻭﺧﺘﻤِـ
ـﺪﺀِ ﻣﺠﻠِـ
ـﻲ ﺑـ
ﻓِـ ـﺎ
.698ﻭﺍﺣﻤـﺪ ﻭﺻـﻞﱢ ﻣـﻊ ﺳـﻼﹶﻡٍ ﻭﺩﻋـ
ـﺎ
ــﻢ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﻮﺥ ﻭﺩﻋـ
ﺸـﻴﺦ ﺗﺮﺟـ
ﻭﺍﻟ .704ﻟﹶـــﻪ ﻭﺻـــﻠﱠﻰ ﻭﺗﺮﺿــﻰ ﺭﺍﻓِﻌــﺎﹰ
ﻛﹶﻐﻨﺪﺭٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻭﺻـﻒِ ﻧﻘﹾـﺺٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻧﺴـﺐ .705ﻭﺫِﻛﹾﺮ ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑٍ ﺑِﺸـﻲﺀٍ ﻣِـﻦ ﻟﹶﻘﹶـﺐ
ﺃﹶﻭﻻﹶﻫـــﻢ (7) ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘِـــﻪِ ﻭﺃﹶﻓﹾﻬِـــﻢِ .707ﻭﺍﺭﻭِ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻻِﻣﻼﹶ ) (6ﻋـﻦ ﺷـﻴﻮﺥِ ﻗﹶـﺪﻡِ
) (3ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺍﻹﲰﺎﻉ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﰲ ) ﺃ ( )) :ﻳﻜﺜﺮ (( .
) (5ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺃﻭ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (6ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ،ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (7ﰲ ) ﺟـ ( )) :ﺃﻋﻼﻫﻢ (( ،ﻭﳚﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
94
ﻋﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺷﻴﺦٍ ﻓﹶـﻮﻕ ﻣـﺘﻦٍ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤِـﺪ ـﺰِﺩ ـﻪِ ﻣِ ـﻦ (1) ﻓﹶﺎﺋِـ
ـﺪﺓٍ ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗـ ـﺎ ﻓِﻴـ
.708ﻣـ
)(3
ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺤِﻜﹶﺎﻳــﺎﺕِ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﻨــﻮﺍﺩِﺭِ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻷَﻭﺍﺧِـﺮِ .710ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺴِﻦ ﺍﻹِﻧﺸﺎﺩ
ـﻼﹶ
ﻟِﻐﻴـ ـﺮِﻩِ ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﺴـ ــﺎﻫﻞﹾ ﺣﻤــ .714ﻭﻣــﺎ ﻳﻬِــﻢ ﺛﹸــﻢ ﺷــﺪ ﺍﻟــﺮﺣﻼﹶ
) (4ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺹ )) :ﺃﺩﺏ (( ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ 223 / 2ﺇﱃ
ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ .
95
ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﻜﹸـــﻦ ﻳﻤﻨﻌـــﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﹶﺒـــﺮ ــﺠﺮ
.716ﻋﻠﹶﻴ ـﻪ ﺗﻄﹾ ـﻮﻳﻼﹶ ﺑِﺤﻴ ـﺚﹸ ﻳﻀــ
ﻛﹶﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺴـﻤﺎﻉِ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﻟﹸـﺆﻡ ﻭﺍﻛﹾﺘـﺐِ .717ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻴ ـﺎ ) (5ﻋ ـﻦ ﻃﹶﻠﹶ ـﺐٍ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨِ ـﺐِ
ﺛﹸــ ـﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻭﻳﺘــ ـﻪ ﻓﹶﻔﹶــ ـﺘﺶِ .719ﻭﻣــﻦ ﻳﻘﹸــﻞﹾ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﹶﺘﺒــﺖ ﻗﹶﻤــﺶِ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻫﻤـ ـﺰﺗﻴﻦِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺑِﺼـ ـﺎﺩٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻃﹶـ ـﺎ ـﺎ
ـﺎ ﺧﻄﱠـ
ـﻞِ ﺇِﻣـ
ـﻲ ﺍﻷَﺻـ
ـﻮﺍ ﻓِـ
.723ﻭﻋﻠﱠﻤـ
ﻭﻛﹶﺘﺒــﻪ ﻣِــﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﹶﻬــﻢ ﻧﻔﹶﻌــﺎ .724ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﻜﹸــﻦ ﻣﻘﹾﺘﺼِــﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺴــﻤﻌﺎ
ﻛﹶﺎﺑﻦِ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﹶﺡِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺨﺘﺼـﺮِ .725ﻭﺍﻗﹾــﺮﺃﹾ ﻛِﺘﺎﺑــﺎﹰ ﻓِــﻲ ﻋﻠﹸــﻮﻡِ ﺍﻷَﺛﹶــﺮِ
ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺠـ ـﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌـ ـﺪِﻳﻞﹸ ﻟِﻠـ ـﺮﺍﺯِﻱ .729ﻣِــﻦ ﺧﻴﺮِﻫــﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺒِﻴــﺮ ﻟِﻠﹾﺠﻌﻔِــﻲ
) (18
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﻨِﻴﻒِ ﺗﻤﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﺬﹾﻛﹶﺮ ﻭﻫـﻮ .732ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄﹶﻫﻠﹾـــــﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘـــــﺄﹾﻟِﻴﻒِ
) (20
ـﺪ ﺭﺃﹶﻭﺍ
ـﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﹶــ
ـﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻃﹸﺮﻗﹶــ
ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻤــ .735ﻭﺟﻤﻌــﻮﺍ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑــﺎﹰ ﺍﻭ ﺷــﻴﻮﺧﺎﹰ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺎﻟِﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯِﻝﹸ
ـﻮ ﺭﺩْ
ـﺰﻭﻝﹶ ﻭﻫـ
ـﺾ ﺍﻟﻨـ
ـﻞﹶ ﺑﻌـ
ﻓﹶﻀـ .737ﻭﻃﹶﻠﹶــﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻠﹸــﻮ ﺳــﻨﺔﹲ ﻭﻗﹶــﺪ
ﻳﻨـﺰِﻝﹸ ﻣـﺘﻦ ﻣِ ـﻦ ﻃﹶﺮِﻳﻘِﻬـﺎ ﺃﹸﺧِ ـﺬﹾ ـﺐِ ﺍﻟﺴـــﺘﺔِ ﺇِﺫﹾ
ــَﺔٍ ﻟِﻠﹾﻜﹸﺘـ
.740ﺑِﻨِﺴﺒـ
ﻣــﻊ ﻋﻠﹸــﻮٍّ ﻓﹶﻬــﻮ (2) ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺍﻓﹶﻘﹶــﻪ .741ﻓﹶﺈِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻓِﻲ ﺷـﻴﺨِﻪِ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻭﺍﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻪ
ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺳﺎﻭﺍﻩ ﻋـﺪﺍﹰ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﺣﺼـﻞﹾ .742ﺃﹶﻭ ﺷﻴﺦِ ﺷـﻴﺨِﻪِ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﹾﺒـﺪﻝﹾ
)(4
ﺃﹶﻣــﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻠﹸــﻮ ﻻﹶ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺘِﻔﹶــﺎﺕِ .744ﺛﹸــﻢ ﻋﻠﹸــﻮ ﻗِــﺪﻡِ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﻓﹶــﺎﺓِ
) (20ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﰐ ) ﺃﻭ ( ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (5ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (1ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (2ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻜﻦ ،ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﻓﺤﻴﺚ (( .
98
ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼﹶﺛِــﻴﻦ ﻣﻀــﺖ ﺳِــﻨِﻴﻨﺎ .745ﻵﺧـ ـﺮٍ ﻓﹶﻘِﻴـ ـﻞﹶ ﻟِﻠﹾﺨﻤﺴِـ ـﻴﻨﺎ
ﻭﺍﻟﺼــﺤﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻠﹸــﻮ ﻋِﻨــﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﹶــﺮِ .747ﻭﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﺫﹸﻡ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻟﹶـﻢ ﻳﺠﺒـﺮِ
ﻓﹶ ـﻮﻕ ﻓﹶﻤﺸ ـﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻛﹸ ـﻞﱞ ﻗﹶ ـﺪ ﺭﺃﹶﻭﺍ .750ﻣِـﻦ ﻭﺍﺣِـﺪٍ ﻭﺍﺛﹾﻨـﻴﻦِ ﻓﹶـﺎﻟﹾﻌﺰِﻳﺰ ﺃﹶﻭ
ﻓﹶﻔﹶــﻮﻕ ﺳِــﺘﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻭﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌﺠــﺐ .755ﻓِﻲ ﻃﹶﺒﻘﹶﺎﺗِﻪِ ﻛﹶﻤﺘﻦِ )) ﻣﻦ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺏ((
))ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﳋِﻔﹶﺎﻑِ(( ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺪﺓٍ) (4ﺇﻟﹶـﻰ .757ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀِﻬِﻢ ، ﻗﹸﻠﹾـﺖ :ﺑﻠﹶـﻰ
ﻭﻧﻴﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻣِﺎﺋﹶـﺔٍ )) ﻣـﻦ ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺑﺎ (( .758ﻋﺸﺮﺗِﻬِﻢ )) ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦِ (( ﻧﺴـﺒﺎ
) (1ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻧﺼﻬﺎ )) :ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ –ﻛﺬﺍ – ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ
)) ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ (( ﻭﺫﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ :
ﺑﻘﺎﻋﻲ (( .
ﻗﻠﻨﺎ :ﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ، 429 / 1ﻭﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ ) 456 / 3ﻏﺮﺏ ( .
) (2ﺑﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﳘﺰﺓ ) ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﺍﹰ ( ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﻓﻘﻂ (( .
) (4ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮﻑ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
100
ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺮِﻳـﺐ ﻓِﻴﻤـﺎ ﻧﻘﹶﻠﹸـﻮﺍ .759ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﻌﻤ ﺮ) (5ﺧﻠﹾـﻒ ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ
ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﻘﹶﻠﱢــﺪ ﻏﹶﻴــﺮ ﺃﹶﻫــﻞِ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶــﻦ .761ﻓﹶﺎﻋﻦِ ﺑِـﻪِ ﻭﻻﹶ ﺗﺨـﺾ (1) ﺑـﺎﻟﻈﱠﻦ
)(2
ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺪﺥ ﺑِﺎﻟـﺪﺧﺎﻥِ ﻻِﺑـﻦِ ﺻـﺎﺋِﺪِ .762ﻭﺧﻴــﺮ ﻣــﺎ ﻓﹶﺴــﺮﺗﻪ ﺑِــﺎﻟﹾﻮﺍﺭِﺩِ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻠﹾﺴﻞﹸ
ﻓِﻴــﻪِ ﺍﻟــﺮﻭﺍﺓﹸ ﻭﺍﺣِــﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﹶﻮﺍﺣِــﺪﺍ ـﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺤــﺪِﻳﺚِ ﻣــﺎ ﺗــﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍ
.764ﻣﺴﻠﹾﺴـ
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳِﺦ ، ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﺴﻮﺥ
)(6
ﺃﹶﺣﻜﹶﺎﻣِـﻪِ ﺑِﻼﹶﺣِـﻖٍ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻗﹶﻤِـﻦ .768ﻭﺍﹶﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺭﻓﹾﻊ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﺭِﻉِ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ ﻣِـﻦ
ﺫﹶﺍ ﻋِﻠﹾﻤِــﻪِ ﺛﹸــﻢ ﺑِــﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺸــﺎﺭِﻉِ .769ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌﺘﻨــﻰ ﺑِــﻪِ ﻭﻛﹶــﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﺸــﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ
)(7
ﺃﹸﺟﻤِﻊ ﺗﺮﻛـﺎﹰ ﺑـﺎﻥﹶ ﻧﺴـﺦ ﻭﺭﺃﹶﻭﺍ .770ﺃﹶﻭ ﺻــﺎﺣِﺐٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋــﺮِﻑ ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺭِﻳﺦ ﺃﹶﻭ
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤِﻴﻒ
ﻓِﻴﻤـﺎ ﻟﹶـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﺍﺓِ ﺻـﺤﻔﹶﺎ .772ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌﺴﻜﹶﺮِﻱ ﻭﺍﻟـﺪﺍﺭﻗﹸﻄﹾﻨِﻲ ﺻـﻨﻔﹶﺎ
))ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ(( ،ﺃﻭِ ﺍﻹِﺳﻨﺎﺩِ ﻛﹶـﺎﺑﻦِ ﺍﻟﻨـﺪﺭِ .773ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻦِ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﺼﻮﻟِﻲ)) ﺳِﺘﺎﹰ(( ﻏﹶﻴـﺮِ
ﻓﹶﻘﺎﻝﹶ :ﺷـﺎﹶﺓﹲ ﺧـﺎﺏ ﻓِـﻲ ﻇﹸﻨﻮﻧِـﻪ .778ﻭﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﻇﹶـﻦ ﺳـﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻧﻮﻧِ ـﻪ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠِﻒ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ
ﻭﺃﹶﻣﻜﹶﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﹶﻼﹶ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﹸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻦ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻧﺎﻓﹶﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ .779
)(4 )(3
ـﻊِ ﻭﻓِﺮ ﻋـﺪﻭﺍ
ﻟـِﻠﻄـﱠﺒ ْ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﻨﻔﹾﻲ .780ﻛﹶﻤﺘﻦِ ))ﻻﹶ ﻳﻮﺭِﺩ ((ﻣﻊ)) ﻻﹶ ﻋﺪﻭﻯ((
)(5
ـﺒﻪِ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻻﹶ ﻓﹶﺮﺟِ ــّﺢ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﻠﹶ ـﻦ ﺑِﺎﻷَﺷـ ﻓﹶﺈِﻥﹾ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﻋﻤـﻞﹾ ﺑِـﻪِ .781ﺃﹶﻭﻻﹶ
ﻣـﻊ ﺍﺣﺘِﻤـﺎﻝِ ﻛﹶﻮﻧِـﻪِ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﲪﻠﹶـﻪ .784ﻭﺇِﻥﹾ ﺑِﺘﺤﺪِﻳﺚٍ ﺃﹶﺗـﻰ ﻓﹶـﺎﻟﹾﺤﻜﹾﻢ ﻟﹶـﻪ
)(1
ﻭﻫﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺫﹶﻳﻦِ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄِﻴﺐ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺟﻤـﻊ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﻣﺎ ﺯِﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﹶـﻊ .785ﻋﻦ ﻛﹸﻞٍّ ﺍﻻﱠ
ﻣﻌﺮِﻓﹶﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔِ
ﻭﻗِﻴــﻞﹶ :ﺇﻥﹾ ﻃﹶﺎﻟﹶــﺖ ﻭﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳﺜﹶﺒــﺖِ 786ﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِﻲ ﻣﺴـﻠِﻤﺎﹰ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺻـﺤﺒﺔِ
.
)(2
)(4
ﻣﻌﻪ (3) ﻭﺫﹶﺍ ﻻﺑـﻦِ ﺍﳌﹸﺴـﻴﺐِ ﻋـﺰﺍ 787ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﹶﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻣـﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻏﹶـﺰﺍ
.
)(5
ﺗــﻮﺍﺗﺮٍ ﺃﻭ ﻗﹶــﻮﻝِ ﺻــﺎﺣِﺐٍ ﻭﻟﹶــﻮ 788ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺒﺔﹸ ﺑﺎﺷـﺘِﻬﺎﺭٍ ﺍﻭ
.
ﺍﻷَﺷﻌﺮِﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﺑِـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺪﺭﺩﺍ) (9ﺑـﺪﻝﹾ .797ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﻰ ﻟِـﺬﹶﻳﻦِ ﻭﺍﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ﺟﻌـﻞﹾ
)(10
ـﻮﻙٍ ﻭﺣﻀ ـﺮ
ﺳ ـﺒﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻔ ـﺎﹰ ﺑِﺘﺒـ .798ﻭﺍﻟﻌ ـﺪ ﻻﹶ ﻳﺤﺼ ـﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﹶﻘﹶ ـﺪ ﻇﹶﻬ ـﺮ
)(2
ﺁﻻﹶﻑٍ ﺗـﻨِﺾْ ﻋﻦ ﺫﹶﻳﻦِ ﻣﻊ (1)ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻊِ ـﺒِﺾ
ـﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻔ ـﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﹸـ
ـﺞ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌـ
.799ﺍﳊﹶـ
)(3
ﻗِﻴـﻞﹶ :ﺍﺛﹾﻨﺘـﺎ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓﹶ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﺰِﻳـﺪ ـﺎﻕ ﺇِﻥﹾ ﻳ ـﺮﺩ ﺗﻌﺪِﻳ ـﺪ
.800ﻭﻫ ـﻢ ﻃِﺒـ
ﻓﹶﻘِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻫﻢ ، ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺑـﺪﺭِﻱ ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ .804ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﻓﹶﻀﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑِﻘِﲔ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ
ﻭﻣــﺪﻋِﻲ ﺇﲨﺎﻋــﻪ ﻟﹶــﻢ ﻳﻘﹾﺒــﻞِ .806ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﹾﺮٍ ،ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺑﻞﹾ ﻋﻠِـﻲ
)) ) (3ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ )) :ﺗﺰﻳﺪ (( ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ ،ﻭﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ :
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ (( ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ .
) (4ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ .
) (5ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳍﻤﺰ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ
) (6ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
107
)(9 )(8 )(7
ﺑِﻤﻜﱠـﺔِ ﺟﺎﺑِﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳﻬﻞﹲ ﺍﻭ .809ﻭﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶــﻪ ﺍﻟﺴــﺎﺋِﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﹶﺪِﻳﻨــﺔِ
)(2
ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻔﹶﻴـﻞِ ﻓِﻴﻬـﺎ ﻗﹸﺒِـﺮﺍ ﺇﻥﹾ ﻻ .810ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺍﻻﺧِﺮ (1) ﺑِﻬﺎ :ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﺍ
ـﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﹸﻮﻓﹶـﺔِ
ـﻰ ﻗﹶﻀـ
ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﻓﹶـ ـﺮﺓِ
ـﻚٍ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼـ
ـﻦ ﻣﺎﻟِـ
ـﺲ ﺑـ
.811ﻭﺃﹶﻧـ
) (4
ﻭﻣِﺼﺮ ﻓﺎﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭِﺙِ ﺑﻦِ ﺟﺰﻱ .814ﻭﺑِﻔﹶﻠﹶﺴـــﻄِﲔ ﺃﺑـــﻮ ﺃﹸﺑـــﻲ
)(5
ﻭﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶـــﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻔِـــﻊ ﺑﺒﺮﻗـــﺔِ .815ﻭﻗﹸــﺒِﺾ ﺍﳍِﺮﻣــﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣــﺔِ
ﻣﻌﺮِﻓﹶﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑِﻌِﲔ
ﻭﻟِﻠﹾﺨﻄِﻴــﺐِ ﺣــﺪﻩ : ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﺼــﺤﺒﺎ 817ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌِﻲ(8)ﺍﻟﻼﱠﻗِﻲ ﻟِﻤﻦ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺻـﺤِﺒﺎ
.
ﺃﹶﻭﻟﹸﻬــﻢ :ﺭﻭﺍﺓﹸ ﻛــﻞﱢ ﺍﻟﻌﺸــﺮﻩ 818ﻭﻫﻢ ﻃِﺒﺎﻕ ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﺧﻤـﺲ ﻋﺸـﺮﻩ
.
ﻭﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣِﻦِ ﺍﺑـﻦِ ﻋـﻮﻑِ ـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻ ـﻒِ
819ﻭﻗﹶ ـﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﹶ ـﺮﺩ ﺑِﻬـ
.
ﺑﻞﹾ ﻗِﻴﻞﹶ :ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺳِﻮﻯ ﺳﻌﺪٍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ 820ﻭﻗﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺪ ﺳـﻌِﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﹶﻐﻠﹶـﻂﹾ
.
ﻭﻋﻨـ ـﻪ ﻗﹶـ ـﻴﺲ ﻭﺳِـ ـﻮﺍﻩ ﻭﺭﺩﺍ ـﺪ ﺃﹶﺣﻤــﺪﺍ
ـﻪ ﺍﻷَﻓﹾﻀــﻞﹸ ﻋِﻨـ
821ﻟﹶﻜِﻨـ
.
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮﻧِﻲ ﺃﹸﻭﻳﺴـﺎﹰ ﺍﻫـﻞﹸ ) (1ﺍﻟﻜﹸﻮﻓﹶـﺔِ 822ﻭﻓﹶﻀـﻞﹶ ﺍﳊﹶﺴـﻦ ﺃﹶﻫـﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓِ
.
)(3
ﺣﻔﹾﺼﺔﹸ ﻣـﻊ ﻋﻤـﺮﺓﹶ ﺃﹸﻡ ﺍﻟـﺪﺭﺩﺍ 823ﻭﰲ ﻧِﺴــﺎﺀِ ) (2ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺑِﻌِﲔ ﺍﻷَﺑــﺪﺍ
.
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻓﹶــﺄﹶﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﹾــﺮٍ ﺧِــﻼﹶﻑ ﻗﹶــﺎﺋِﻢ .826ﺇﻣــﺎ ﺃﹶﺑــﻮ ﺳــﻠﹶﻤﺔٍ ) (4ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳــﺎﻟِﻢ
)(6
ﰲ ﺗــﺎﺑِﻌِﻴﻬِﻢ ﺇﺫﹾ ﻳﻜﹸــﻮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﺸــﺎﺋِﻊ .828ﻭﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﻌـﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﺒـﺎﻕِ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺑِﻊ
ـﺎﺩِ
ـﺎﺀَ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺫﹸﻭ ﻓﹶﺴـ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﹾـﺲ ﺟـ .829ﺍﳊﹶﻤــﻞﹶ ﻋــﻨﻬﻢ ﻛــﺄﹶﺑِﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻧــﺎﺩِ
)(5
ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻧﻔِـﺮﺍﺩ ﻓﹶـﺬﹾ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺧﺮٍ .834ﻣﺪﺑﺠﺎﹰ ) (4ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺇِﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹸـﻞﱞ ﺃﺧـﺬﹾ
ﺍﻷُﺧﻮﺓﹸ ﻭﺍﻷَﺧﻮﺍﺕ
)(6
ﻓﹶــﺬﹸﻭ ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺛﹶــﺔٍ ﺑﻨــﻮ ﺣﻨﻴــﻒِ 835ﻭﺃﹶﻓﹾﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﺧـﻮﺓﹶ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼـﻨِﻴﻒِ
.
)(6 )(5
ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺩﺍﺀِ ﰲ ﺍﳊﹶﺒـﺔِ ﻋﺎﺋِﺸﺔٍ .842ﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺑـﻮ ﺑﻜﹾـﺮٍ ﻋـﻦِ ﺍﳊﹶﻤـﺮﺍﺀِ
) (7ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ )) :ﺳﲑﻧﺎ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﻭﰲ ﻉ )) :ﺳﻴﺪﻳﻨﺎ (( ﺧﻄﺄ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ .
) (1ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳕﺰﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ .
) (2ﺑﻐﲑ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (3ﺑﻐﲑ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﺃﺑﻴﻪ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ .
) (5ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (6ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ .
112
ﻭﻫــﻮ ﻣﻌــﺎﻝٍ ﻟِﻠﹾﺤﻔِﻴــﺪِ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗِــﻞِ .844ﻭﻋﻜﹾﺴﻪ ﺻـﻨﻒ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺋِﻠﻲ
ﺍﻷﺏ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺟـــﺪ ﻭﺫﹶﺍﻙ ﻗﹸﺴِـــﻤﺎ .845ﻭﻣِــﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻤــﻪِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣــﺎ ﺃﹸﺑﻬِﻤــﺎ
ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍ ) (7ﻋـﻦ ﺃﹶﺑِـﻪِ ﻋـﻦِ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِـﻲ .846ﻗِﺴﻤﲔِ ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﺏٍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﻂﹾ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺃﹶﺑِـﻲ
)(3 )(2
ﻋﻤﺮٍﻭ ﺃﺑـﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺟـﺪﻩ ﻛﹶﺒﻬﺰٍ ﺍﻭ ﻓﻴـﻪِ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ .848ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻥِ ) (1ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﺰِﻳﺪ
ﻛﹶﺎﺑﻦِ ﺩﻭﻳـﺪٍ ﺭﻭﻳـﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺎﻟِـﻚِ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﻛﹶﺰﻫﺮِﻱ ﻭﺫِﻱ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻙِ .852
)(5
ﺃﹸﺧــﺮ ﻛﹶــﺎﳉﹸﻌﻔِﻲ ﻭﺍﳋﹶﻔﱠــﺎﻑِ ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺛﹸـﻮﻥﹶ ﻭﻗﹶـﺮﻥٍ ﻭﺍﻓِـﻲ .853ﺳﺒﻊ
)(8
ﺣﻔﹾـﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳌِﻴﻢِ ﺃﻭ ﺃﹶﺑِﻲ ﻣﻌﻴـﺪٍ .863ﺃﻭ ﻣِﻨﺪﻝٍ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﻛﹶﺴﺮﺍﹰ) (7ﻧﺼـﻮﺍ
ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻓﺮﺩ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻟﻔﻆ )) :ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ (( ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻨﻰ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﰲ )) :ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ (( ﺃﻱ :
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ؛ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥِ .
) (1ﰲ )ﺏ( )) :ﺧﻠﱠﺔ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻻﺣﻘﺎﹰ .
) (2ﰲ ) ﺏ ( :ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﱯ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ .
) (3ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻕ )) :ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ (( ﺧﻄﺄ ﳏﺾ .
) (4ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (5ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﲰﻲ (( ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ
) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( .
) (6ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﻟﱮ (( ،ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ :ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺛﺒِﺖ .
115
ﺍﻷَﺳﻤﺎﺀُ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﹸﻨﻰ
)(3) (2 )(1
ﻋﺸـﺮٍ ﻗﹶﺴـﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻟِﺘِﺴـﻊٍ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﹸﻨـﻰ ﻭﻗﹶـﺪ ﻗﹶﺴـﻢ 864ﻭﺍﻋﻦِ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻤﺎ
.
ﻧﺤــﻮ ﺃﹸﺑِــﻲ ﺑِــﻼﹶﻝٍ ﺍﻭ (4) ﻗﹶــﺪ ﺯﺍﺩﺍ 865ﻣـــﻦِ ﺍﺳـــﻤﻪ ﻛﹸﻨﻴﺘـــﻪ ﺍﻧﻔِـــﺮﺍﺩﺍ
.
)(5
ﺨﻠﹾــﻒٍ ﻓﹶــﺎﻓﹾﻄﹸﻦِ
ﺃﺑــﺎ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪٍ ﺑِ 866ﻧﺤﻮ ﺃﺑِﻲ ﺑﻜﹾـﺮٍ ﺑـﻦِ ﺣـﺰﻡٍ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻛﹸﻨِـﻲ
.
)(10 )(9
ـﺪﺭِﻱ
ـﻮ ﺍﳋﹸـ
ـﻮ ﺃﰊ ﺷــﻴﺒﺔﹶ ﻭﻫـ
ﻧﺤـ 867ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻥِ)(6ﻣ ﻦ) (7ﻳﻜﹾﻨﻰ ﻭﻻﺍﺳﻤﹰﺎ) (8ﻧـﺪﺭِﻱ
.
ﺿـﻞﱠ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺮِﻳـﻖ ﺑِﺎﺳـﻢِ ﻓﹶﺎﻋِـﻞٍ ﻭﻟﹶـﻦ .873ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﻌِﻴﻒِ ﺃﻱ ﺑِﺠِﺴـﻤِﻪِ ﻭﻣـﻦ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺆﺗﻠِﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﻠِﻒ
ﺧﻄﹼﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﹶﻜِﻦ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈﹸﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠِﻒ .876ﻭﺍﻋــﻦِ ﺑِﻤــﺎ ﺻــﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﺆﺗﻠِــﻒ
ﻻﹶ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺳـﻼﹶﻡِ ﺍﳊِﺒـﺮ (2) ﻭﺍﳌﹸﻌﺘـﺰِﱄ .877ﻧﺤــﻮ ﺳــﻼﹶﻡٍ ﻛﻠﱡــﻪ ﻓﹶﺜﹶﻘﱢــﻞِ
ـﻒ
ـﻪِ ﺍﺧﺘﻠِـ
ـﺬﺍ ﻓِﻴـ
ـﺎﺀً ﻓﹶﻜﹶـ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﺯِﺩﻩ ﻫـ .880ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪِ ﺑـﻦِ ﻧـﺎﻫِﺾٍ ﻓﹶﺨِـﻒ
)(5
ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﺟـﺪ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴـﻔِﻲ .881ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﻭﻟِﻠﹾﺤِﺒﺮِ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﺃﹸﺧـﺖٍ ﺧﻔﱢـﻒِ
ﻭﰲ ﺧﺰﺍﻋﺔﹶ ﻛﹶﺮِﻳﺰ ﻛﹶﺒﺮِ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺃﹸﺑﻲ ﺑﻦِ ﻋِﻤﺎﺭﺓﹶ ﺍﻛﹾﺴِﺮِ .882
ﺳِﻮﺍﻩ ﺿﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻟﹶﻬﻢ (1) ﻣﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﺯﻭﺝ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﻕٍ ﻗﹶﻤِﻴﺮ ﺻﻐﺮﻭﺍ .888
ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳِﻮﻯ ﺫﹶﻳﻦِ ) (2ﻓﹶﻤِﺴﻮﺭ ﺣﻜِﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﺰِﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪِ ﺍﳌﹶﻠِﻚِ .889
) (9ﰲ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﺯﻛﻮﺍﻥ (( ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺍﻱ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﺻﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺛﹾﺒِﺖ .
) (10ﰲ ) ﺏ ( )) :ﻓﺤﻤﻞ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﺻﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺛﹾﺒِﺖ .
) (11ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻮﻥ (( ،ﻭﰲ
ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻥ (( ﺧﻄﺄ .
) (1ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﻭﳍﻢ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ،ﻭﰲ
) ﺟـ( ﻭ ) ﻑ ( ﻭ ) ﻉ ( )) :ﻭﻟﻪ (( .
) (2ﰲ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﺫﻳﻦ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ
ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ،ﻭﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﺫﻱ (( ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ .
) (3ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺝ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (4ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
120
ـﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺍﻓﹾ ـﺮِﺩ (5) ﺃﹶﺏ ﺑﻨ ـﺪﺍﺭِ ﻫﻤـ
ـﺎ ﺑﺸـ .893ﻭﻣِــﻦ ﻫﻨــﺎ ﻟِﻤﺎﻟِــﻚٍ ﻭﻟﹶﻬﻤــﺎ
ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﹶﻣﺔٍ ) (6ﻭﺑِﺎﻟﹾﻴـﺎ) (7ﻗﹶﺒـﻞﹸ ﺟـﻢ ﻭﻟﹶﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﹶﻜﹶﻢ .894
ﻭﺍﺑــﻦ ﻋﺒﻴــﺪِ ﺍﷲِ ﻭﺍﺑــﻦ ﻣِﺤﺠــﻦِ .895ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌِﻴﺪٍ ﺑﺴـﺮ (8) ﻣِﺜﹾـﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﹶـﺎﺯِﱐﹾ
)(2 )(1
ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻔِﻴﺪِ ﺍﻷَﺷـﻌﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻳـﺪ .898ﺟﺪ ﻋﻠِـﻲ ﺑـﻦِ ﻫﺎﺷِـﻢٍ ﺑﺮِﻳـﺪ
ﺑــﺮﺍﺀَ ﺃﹸﺷــﺪﺩ ﻭﺑِﺠِــﻴﻢٍ ﺟﺎﺭِﻳــﻪ .900ﺫﹸﻭ ﻛﹸﻨﻴـ ـﺔٍ ﺑِﻤﻌﺸـ ـﺮٍ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟِﻴـ ـﻪ
ﻳﺰِﻳ ـﺪ ﻗﹸﻠﹾ ـﺖ ﻭﻛﹶ ـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﺍﻷَﺳ ـﻮﺩ .901ﺍﺑــﻦ ﻗﹸﺪﺍﻣــﺔٍ ) (3ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﻟِــﺪ
ﻋﻤــﺮﻭ ،ﻓﹶﺠــﺪ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻭﺫﹶﺍ ﺳِــﻴﺎﻥِ .902ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﻼﹶ ) (4ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﺃﺑِـﻲ ﺳـﻔﹾﻴﺎﻥِ
ﻗﹶﺪ ﻋﻠﱢﻘﹶـﺖ ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﺣـﺪﻳﺮٍ ﻋِـﺪﻩ .904ﻛﹶ ـﺬﹶﺍ ﺣﺮِﻳ ـﺰ (5) ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺒِـ
ـﻲ ﻭﻛﹸﻨﻴ ـﻪ
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻣـﻰ ﺳـﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﻓﹶﻨـﺎﻝﹶ ﺑﺆﺳـﺎ .907ﺍﺑــﻦ ﻋﻄِﻴــﺔﹶ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﺑــﻦِ ﻣﻮﺳــﻰ
ﻭﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋـﺪِﻱ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻛﹸﻨﻴـﺔﹰ ﻛﹶـﺎﻥﹾ .908ﺧﺒﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺍﻋﺠِﻢ(9)ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﺒـﺪِ ﺍﻟـﺮﺣﻤﻦ
)(2 )(1
ـﺎ
ـﻼﹶﻑٍ ﺣﻜِﻴـ
ـﺎﺩٍ ﺑِﺨِـ
ـﺎ ﺯِﻳـ
ﺃﹶﺑـ .909ﻻﺑﻦِ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺮِ ﻭﺭِﻳـﺎﺡ ﺍﻛﹾﺴِـﺮ ﺑِﻴـﺎ
ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺭﺯﻳﻖ ﺑـﻦ ﺣﻜﹶـﻴﻢٍ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﹶـﺮﺩ 910ﻭﺍﺿﻤﻢ ﺣﻜﹶﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﺒﺪِ ﺍﷲِ ﻗﹶـﺪ
.
ﻭﰲ ﺍﺑــﻦِ ﺣﻴــﺎﻥﹶ ﺳــﻠِﻴﻢ ﻛﹶﺒــﺮِ 911ﺯﺑﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﹾﺖِ ﻭﺍﺿـﻤﻢ ﻭﺍﻛﹾﺴِـﺮِ
.
ﺑﻮﻟﹶــﺪِ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤــﺎﻥِ ﻭﺍﺑــﻦِ ﻳﻮﻧﺴــﺎ ـﺎ
.912ﻭﺍﺑ ـﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﺳ ـﺮﻳﺞٍ ﺍﺣﻤ ـﺪ ﺇﺋﹾﺘﺴـ
ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺑِﻌﺒﺪِ ﺍﳋﹶـﺎﻟِﻖِ ﺑـﻦِ ﺳـﻠﹶﻤﻪ .913ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺒِﻴﻠﹶـﺔِ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺳـﻠِﻤﻪ
ﻛﹸ ـﻞﱞ ﻭﺑﻌ ـﺾ ﺑِﺎﻟﺴ ـﻜﹸﻮﻥِ ﻗﹶﻴ ـﺪﻩ .917ﻭﻋــﺎﻣِﺮ ﺑﺠﺎﻟــﺔﹸ ) (6ﺑــﻦ ﻋﺒــﺪﻩ
ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻫِﺸﺎﻡٍ ﺧﻠﹶﻔـﺎﹰ ،ﺛﹸـﻢ ﺍﻧﺴـﺒﻦ .920ﺑﺰﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﺍﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺻـﺒﺎﺡٍ ﺣﺴـﻦ
ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥﹸ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻣﻄﹾﻠﹶﻘـﺎﹰ ﻗِـﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﻏﹶﻠﹶـﺐ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺎﺭِﻱ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﻂﹾ ﻭﻓِﻲ)(4ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ .925
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻔِﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹾﺘﺮِﻕ
)(5
ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻔﹾﻈﹸﻪ ﻭﺧﻄﱡﻪ ﻣﺘﻔِﻖ .926ﻭﻟﹶﻬــﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺘﻔِــﻖ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹾﺘــﺮِﻕ
ﻫﻤــﺎ ﻣِــﻦ ﺍﻷَﻧﺼــﺎﺭِ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﺷــﺘِﺒﺎﻩِ .930ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﺑــﻦ ﻋﺒــﺪِ ﺍﷲِ
ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺛﹶــﺔﹲ ﻗﹶــﺪ ﺑﻴﻨــﻮﺍ ﻣﺤﻠﱠﻬــﻢ .931ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﺑـﻮ ﺑﻜﹾـﺮِ ﺑـﻦِ ﻋﻴـﺎﺵٍ ﻟﹶﻬـﻢ
)(1
ﺍﺑــﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻــﺎﻟِﺢٍ ﺃﺗﺒــﺎﻋﻬﻢ .932ﻭﺻـــﺎﻟِﺢ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌـــﺔﹲ ﻛﹸﻠﱡﻬـــﻢ
ـﺎ ﻳﻬﻤــﻞﹸ
ـﻮِ ﺣﻤــﺎﺩٍ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻣـ
ﻛﹶﻨﺤـ .933ﻭﻣِﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ) (2ﻓِﻲ ﺍﺳﻢٍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶـﻂﹾ ﻭﻳﺸـﻜِﻞﹸ
ﺃﹶﺃﻃﹾﻠﹶﻘﹶﻪ ﻓﹶﻬـﻮ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺯﻳـﺪٍ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻭﺭﺩ .934ﻓﹶﺈِﻥﹾ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏٍ ﺍﻭ (3)ﻋـﺎﺭِﻡ ﻗﹶـﺪ
ـﺎﻧِﻲ
ـﺬﹶﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺜﱠـ
ـﺎﻝٍ ﻓﹶـ
ـﻦِ ﻣِﻨﻬـ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﺑـ ـﻮﺫﹶﻛِﻲ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﻔﱠـــﺎﻥِ
.935ﻋـــﻦِ ﺍﻟﺘﺒــ
) (1ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ (( ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ
ﻣﻦ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ .
) (2ﰲ ) ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( )) :ﻭﻣﺎ (( ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﺄ ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ .
) (3ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
126
ﻗﹶﺒِﻴﻼﹰ ﺍﻭ(4)ﻣﺬﹾﻫﺒﺎﹰ ﺍﻭ)(5ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎ)(6ﺻِﻒِ .936ﻭﻣِﻨﻪ ﻣـﺎ ﻓِـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺐٍ ﻛـﺎﻟﹾﺤﻨﻔِﻲ
ﺗﻠﹾﺨِﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﺸﺎﺑِﻪِ
ﻣﺮﻛﱠـ ـﺐ ﻣﺘﻔِـ ـﻖ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﹶﻔﻈﹶـ ـﻴﻦِ .937ﻭﻟﹶﻬــﻢ ﻗِﺴــﻢ ﻣِــﻦ ﺍﻟﻨــﻮﻋﻴﻦِ
ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﻜﹾﺴــﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺤــﻮﻩ ﻭﺻــﻨﻔﹶﺎ .938ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻻﺳـﻢِ ﻟﹶﻜِـﻦ ﺃﹶﺑـﺎﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﹶﻔﹶـﺎ
)(8
ﻭﺍﺑﻦِ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻭﺣﻨﺎﻥﹶ ) (7ﺍﻷَﺳـﺪِﻱ .939ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻄِﻴﺐ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦِ ﻋﻠـﻲ
ﺍﳌﹸﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﹶﻘﹾﻠﹸﻮﺏ
ـﺎﻓِﻆﹸ ﺍﳋﹶﻄِﻴ ـﺐ
ﺻـﻨﻒ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﺍﳊﹶـ ـﻮﺏ
ـﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﹶﻘﹾﻠﹸــ
ـﻢ ﺍﳌﹸﺸــ
ﻭﻟﹶﻬــ .940
)(2
ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ ﻋﻠِــﻲ ﻭﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﹶــﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِـﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻳﻖ .952ﻓﹶﺎﺳﺘﻜﹾﻤﻞﹶ
)(3
ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻗﹶﻀـﻰ ﻳﻘِﻴﻨـﺎ ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺭﺑِﻴﻊٍ .953ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺛﹶــﺔﹶ ﺍﻷَﻋــﻮﺍﻡِ ﻭﺍﻟﺴــﺘﻴﻨﺎ
)(4
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺛﹶﻼﹶﺙﹶ ﻋﺸﺮﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟِﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺿـﻰ .954ﺳﻨﺔﹶ ﺇِﺣـﺪﻯ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓٍ ،ﻭﻗﹸﺒِﻀـﺎ
)(5
ﺳــﻨﺔﹶ ﺳِــﺖ ﻭﺛﹶﻼﹶﺛِــﻴﻦ ﻣﻌــﺎ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴـﺮِ ﺟﻤِﻌـﺎ .957ﻭﻃﹶﻠﹾﺤﺔﹲ
)(6
ـﻰ
ﺳـﻌﺪ ، ﻭﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶـﻪ ﺳـﻌِﻴﺪ ﻓﹶﻤﻀـ .958ﻭﻋﺎﻡ ﺧﻤﺴﺔٍ ﻭﺧﻤﺴِﻴﻦ ﻗﹶﻀـﻰ
)(2 )(1
ﻣﺤﻘﱠﻘﹶـﻪ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓٍ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺛﹶﻤﺎﻧِﻲ .960ﻗﹶﻀﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑٍ ،ﻭﺍﻷَﻣِـﻴﻦ ﺳـﺒﻘﹶﻪ
ﻣـﻊ ﺍﺑـﻦِ ﻳﺮﺑ ـﻮﻉٍ ﺳـﻌِﻴﺪٍ ﻳﻌ ـﺰﻯ .964ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ : ﺣﻮﻳﻄِﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪِ ﺍﻟﻌـﺰﻯ
)(4 )(3
ﻛﹸﻞﱞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻـﻒٍ ﺣﻜِـﻴﻢٍ ﻓﹶﺎﺣﻤِـﻞِ ﻭﺍﺑـﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﹶـﻞِ .965ﻫﺬﹶﺍﻥِ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻨﻦ
ﻛﹶــﺬﹶﺍﻙ (5) ﰲ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﻤــﺮِﻳﻦِ ﺫﹸﻛِــﺮﻭﺍ .966ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺏِ ﺳِﺘﺔﹲ ﻗﹶـﺪ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭﺍ
)(6
ﻣِﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪِ ﺳِـﺘﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﹶـﺮﻥٍ ﻋـﺪﺍ ـﺎﻡ ﺇﺣ ـﺪﻯ
.967ﻭﻗﹸ ـﺒِﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ـﻮﺭِﻱ ﻋـ
ـﻰ
ـﺮﻧﻴﻦِ ﻣﻀـ
ـﺪ ﻗﹶـ
ـﺎﻓِﻌِﻲ ﺑﻌـ
ﻭﺍﻟﺸـ .969ﻭﻣِﺎﺋﹶــﺔٍ ﺃﹶﺑــﻮ ﺣﻨِﻴﻔﹶــﺔٍ ﻗﹶﻀــﻰ
ﺃﹶﺣﺴﻦ ﻳﺤﻴـﻰ ﻓِـﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﺑِـﻪِ ﻭﺳـﺪ .981ﻭﻣــﻊ ﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﻨﺼــﺢ ﺣــﻖ ﻭﻟﹶﻘﹶــﺪ
ﻣِﻦ ﻛﹶﻮﻥِ ﺧﺼﻤِﻲ ﺍﳌﹸﺼﻄﹶﻔﹶﻰ ﺇﺫﹾ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﺫﹸﺏ .982ﻷَﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺧﺼـﻤﺎﺀَ ﻟِـﻲ ﺃﹶﺣـﺐ
ـﺎﻟِﺢِ
ـﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﻤـﺪ ﺑـﻦِ ﺻـ
ﻛﹶﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺌِﻲ ﻓِـ .983ﻭﺭﺑﻤـــﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻛﹶـــﻼﹶﻡ ﺍﳉﹶـــﺎﺭِﺡِ
) (6ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ (( ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻭﱃ ؛ ﻟﺘﻀﻤﻦ
ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ،ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ .
) (1ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﻭﺭﲟﺎ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ) ﺃ ( ﻭ ) ﺏ ( ﻭ ) ﺟـ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( ﻭ )
ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ ( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ .
) (2ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ ﻭ ﻕ ﻭ ﺱ )) :ﺃﺧﲑﺍﹰ (( ،ﻭﱂﹾ ﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﻥ ﻭ ﺹ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ؛
ﻷﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻪ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﳌﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ .
133
)(4 )(3
ﺳـﻘﹶﻂﹾ ﻓﹶﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓِﻴـﻪِ ﺃﹶﻭِ ﺍﺑﻬـﻢ 985ﻭﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱢﻘﹶﺎﺕِ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧِﻴـﺮﺍﹰ ﺍﺧـﺘﻠﹶﻂﹾ
.
ﻭﻛﹶــﺎﻟﹾﺠﺮِﻳﺮِﻱ ﺳــﻌِﻴﺪٍ ،ﻭﺃﹶﺑِــﻲ 986ﻧﺤﻮ ﻋﻄﹶـﺎﺀٍ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺋﺐِ
.
)(5
ﺛﹸــﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﹶﺎﺷِــﻲ ﺃﹶﺑِــﻲ ﻗِﻼﹶﺑــﺔِ 987ﺇِﺳﺤﺎﻕ ، ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﺑﻦِ ﺃﺑِـﻲ ﻋﺮﻭﺑـﺔِ
.
)(6
ـﻲ
ﻭﻋــﺎﺭِﻡ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﻘﹶﻔِــ 988ﻛﹶـﺬﹶﺍ ﺣﺼـﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﹶﻤِﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﹸـﻮﻓِﻲ
.
)(7
ـﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ـﻮﺃﻣِﻲ
ـﺎ ﺯﻋﻤـ
ﻭﺍﻟ ـﺮﺃﻱ ﻓِﻴﻤـ ﺇﺫﹾ ﻋﻤِـﻲ 989ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻡٍ ﺑِﺼـﻨﻌﺎ
.
)(8
ـﻲ ﺍﳊﹶﻔِﻴ ـﺪِ
ـﻮﻩ ﻓِـ
ـﺮﺍﹰ ﺣﻜﹶـ
ﻭﺁﺧِـ 990ﻭﺍﺑــﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨــﺔﹶ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﳌﹶﺴــﻌﻮﺩِﻱ
.
)(9
ـﺪ ﺍﳌﹶﻌــﺮﻭﻑِ
ـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻄِﻴﻌِــﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﻤـ
ﻣـ ـﻲ
991ﺍﺑ ـﻦ ﺧﺰﻳﻤـﺔﹶ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻐِﻄﹾﺮِﻳﻔِـ
.
) (3ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﺧﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻂ (( ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ
،ﻭﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﺏ( ﻭ )ﺟـ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﱳ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻭ )ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ( ﻭ )ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻐﻴﺚ( .
) (4ﺑﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (5ﰲ ) ﺟـ ( )) :ﻋﺮﺑﺔ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﺻﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺃﹸﺛﹾﺒِﺖ.
) (6ﰲ ) ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ ( )) :ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻔﻲ (( ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﺻﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ .
) (7ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ ؛ ﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ .
) (8ﰲ ﻑ ﻭ ﻉ )) :ﺍﳊﻔﻴﺪﻱ (( ،ﻭﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻕ )) :ﺍﳊﻔﻴﺪﺓ (( ،ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ .
) (9ﰲ ) ﺟـ ( )) :ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺮﻳﻒ (( ،ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ .
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ﻃﹶﺒﻘﹶﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓِ
ﺑِﺎﻟﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻷَﺧـﺬِ ،ﻭﻛﹶـﻢ ﻣﺼـﻨﻒ .992ﻭﻟِﻠــﺮﻭﺍﺓِ ﻃﹶﺒﻘﹶــﺎﺕ ﺗﻌــﺮﻑ
ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﹶﻜِﻦ ﻛﹶﻢ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋـﻦ ﺿـﻌﻔﹶﺎ .993ﻳﻐﻠﹶﻂﹸ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪٍ ﺻـﻨﻔﹶﺎ
ـﺎﺭٍ ﺃﹶﺻـﻼﹶ
ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺳـﻌِﻴﺪِ ﺑـﻦِ ﻳﺴـ .996ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺴـﺐ ﻣـﻮﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﳌﹶـﻮﻟﹶﻰ
)(7 )(6
ﺣﺴـﻨﺎ ﻭﺑِﺜﹸﻢ ﻓﹶﺎﺑﺪﺃﹾ ﺑِﺎﻻﻭﻟﹶﻰ .998ﻭﺇﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ (5) ﰲ ﺑﻠﹾـﺪﺗﻴﻦِ ﺳـﻜﹶﻨﺎ
ـﻮﻧﻪ
ـﺪﺭِﻫﺎ ﻣﺼـ
ﻓﹶﺒــﺮﺯﺕ ﻣِــﻦ ﺧِـ .1000ﻭﻛﹶﻤﻠﹶــﺖ ﺑِﻄِﻴﺒــﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﹶﻴﻤﻮﻧــﻪ
ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒِــﻲ ﺳــﻴﺪِ ﺍﻷَﻧــﺎﻡِ .1002ﻭﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀ ـﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺼ ـﻼﹶﺓِ ﻭﺍﻟﺴ ـﻼﹶﻡِ
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ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ
ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺃﺻﺢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ
ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ
ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ
ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺍﳊﺴﻦ
ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ
ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ
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ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ
ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻝ
ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ
ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ
ﻓﺮﻭﻉ
ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ
ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻀﻞ
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻌﻨﺔ
ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ
ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ
ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ
ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ
ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪ
ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ
ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻞ
ﺍﳌﻀﻄﺮﺏ
ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺝ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ
ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﺏ
ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺩ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ
ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺢ
ﻣﱴ ﻳﺼﺢ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ؟
ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ،ﻭﺃﻭﳍﺎ :ﲰﺎﻉ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ
ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ
ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﻭﺷﺮﻃﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ
ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ؟
ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ :ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ :ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ :ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺎﺩﺓ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺿﺒﻄﻪ
ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ
ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺒﻴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻂ ﻭﺍﶈﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ
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ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﻊ
ﺻﻔﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ
ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺼﺤﻒ
ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻦ ،ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ
ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﺥ
ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﱳ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ :ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ
ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ،ﻭﻋﻜﺴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻦ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ
ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﶈﺪﺙ
ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻝ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ
ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺴﻞ
143
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﻒ
ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺧﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ
ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﻏﺮ
ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﺕ
ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻜﺴﻪ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ
ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺍﻭٍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ
ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﲎ
ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ
ﺍﳌﺆﺗﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ
ﺍﳌﺘﻔِﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻕ
ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ
ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﺏ
ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ
ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺑﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ
ﺍﳌﺒﻬﻤﺎﺕ
144
ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻔﺎﺀ
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ
ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ
ﺃﻭﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺑﻠﺪﺍﻢ
145