Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Barbara Stewart
with Anna Cowper
a E Lis
•I
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Introduction 6
2 Talents 18
3 Compulsion 25
4 Roles 33
6 The mind 46
7 Free time 52
(')
8 Media 58 0
::I
.....
(I)
9 Around us 64 ::I
.....
Ill
10 Innovation 70
11 Communication 76
12 Society 81
3
Student's Book Contents
Part 7 - Multiple matching p22 Part 2 - Sentence Part 2 - Individual long turn p27
Part 2 - Open cloze p25 completion p31 Pronunciation: Sentence stress p27
Part 3 - Word formation p30 Adjective prefixes: extra,
Phrasal verbs: tum p22 hyper, over, under p31
Pf!rt e -.: <sani:>ea ie~tp38 . · Part 4 - Multiple Part 3'; Collaborative task p41
choJ~ep34
Part 5 - Multiple choice p106 Part 4 - Multiple Part! 1 ~ 9~nversation with interlocutorp112
Wora building p107 choice.p.:;t.1$ P~onuncia't:ion:(ntonation in sentences p112.
TravelcoJ109ations P+.is
1
" look up the meaning of words in questions and texts in the Speaking: This section contains two skills-training exercises for
integrated on line Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th each part of this paper and an accompanying speak-and-record
Edition (this saves time and helps students improve their exam practice task for each of the parts.
vocabulary) Students can simply work through the material at their
" read tips and strategies to help them prepare for the exam own pace, or you may wish to assign specific exercises for
e see sample answers for the writing tasks and useful language homework. For example, if you have focused on Reading and
for the speaking tasks Use of English Part 2 in a lesson, you might like to get students
0 If you assign exercises with 'no help', these support features to do the Reading and Use of English Part 2 skills-training tasks
will be disabled. and exam practice task for homework to further familiarise and
prepare them for that particular task type.
You could choose the sections or exercises of the Online
Practice you wish students to do, and assign them first with learning support features
'no help'. i.e. with all support features disabled. This will allow
These learning support features are available to students for
you to assess how well prepared your students are at any stage
assignments set 'with help' or if students are using the self-study
of the course. You can then assign any problematic exercises
option.
again 'with help'. i.e. with all support features enabled, so that
individual students can benefit from the learning support Feedback Students get answers and explanatory
features. You can assign the whole Online Practice in one go, or feedback on automatically marked
a unit, or a selection of sections or exercises. questions. If they can understand why
If you choose to use the LMS, we recommend following they answered a question incorrectly,
instructions for Option 1 on the card in the Student's Book. If it will help them to think more clearly
you would prefer to register students yourself, you will need to about a similar question next time.
collect their cards with unlock codes and follow the instructions
Dictionary look-up: Allows students to look up the
for Option 2.
Oxford Advanced meaning of words in exercises and
Self-study Online Practice Learner's Dictionary, texts. They just type the word in the
You may prefer your students to work through the material in 8th Edition search box and get a definition from
the Online Practice and Cambridge English First practice test the OALD in a pop-up window.
at their own pace, using the 'self-study' option. Students will Tips Tips are available on how to answer
need an email address to register. They will need to follow the exam questions and other general
instructions for Option 3 on the card in their books. language learning topics. Students can
For this option, students will have access to all the learning look at the tips before they attempt an
support features (see table below), but you will not be able to exercise or if they get stuck. Students
track their progress, see their results or do any marking on line. need to click 'Show Tip' on the left of
Note! It is very important that you tell your students which their Online Practice screen.
access option you want to use. For more information about
Audioscripts Students can read audioscripts in
on line practice and on line practice tests and the LMS go to
the Listening and Speaking sections
www.oxfordenglishtesting.com.
to help them understand any areas
Students have 18 months to complete the Online Practice and they didn't understand when they
Cambridge English: First practice test from the time they register. just listened. They can view these by
clicking the 'Audioscript' link at the
Online Practice content
bottom of their screen.
There are four sections:
Reading and Use of English: This section contains an exam Sample answers Students can see sample answers in
practice tasks for each of the seven parts of this paper preceded the Writing sections. They can analyse
by two skills training exercises for each part. There are 21 the sample answer and then read
exercises in total in this section. comments on the sample answer
listening: this section contains skills-training exercises and an to give them a good idea of what is
exam practice task for each of the four parts of this pa per. There expected in the exam. Students can
are 12 exercises in total in this section. then improve their own answer.
Writing: This section contains two skills-training exercises and Useful language Lists of useful language are provided
an exam practice task for Part 1 and two skills-training exercises in the Speaking sections. Students just
for Part 2 plus an exam practice task for each of the five text need to click the 'Useful language' link
types that may come up in Part 2 questions: letter, email, report, at the bottom of their screen for lists
review and article. of useful expressions for the Speaking
exam.
includes exercises to further extend students' vocabulary for the
Change your Students can click the 'Change' button
Cambridge English: First exam.
answers and try to try to do an exercise again or to
again answer a question again. If students are There is a Multi ROM at the back of the Workbook which
using the self-study option or you have contains audio material linked to the Listening sections in
set them the assignment'with help'. the Workbook. Students can play the audio in a CD player or
they can change their answers as many on a computer. There is also a link which takes students to
times as they want before they submit www.oxfordenglishtesting.com where they can get access to a
their assignment. complete, interactive Online Practice Test. The test offers:
" authentic test practice
~ automatic marking for instant results
OnUne Cambridge English: First pradke test 9 online dictionary look-up
The unlock code that students get for the Online Practice
also includes access to a complete rn<fordenglishtesting.com
Information about the Cambridge English:
Cambridge English. First practice test. If you are using the LMS
option you can assign this test to your students as a whole first exam
test, or by paper or part using Test mode(= 'no help'/ no key) There is an overview of the exam on pages 4-8 of the Student's
so that you can assess how well-prepared your students are, Book.
or in Practice mode(= 'with help' I with key) for practice and Please go to http://teachingsupport.cambridgeenglish.org/
familiarisation with the exam task types. There is access to an for up-to-date information about the exam including full exam
additional on line Cambridge English: First practice test with the specifications with sample question papers, assessment criteria
Workbook Packs (see below) for the Writing and Speaking papers and samples of graded
writing tasks.
Teacher'§ Book
This Teacher's Book contains procedural notes and a full answer
key, including suggested answers for the activities in the
Student's Book. It also includes the audioscripts for the Listening
sections with answers in bold, as well as optional activities for
classroom use. There are twelve Unit Tests and three Progress
Tests, covering vocabulary and grammar taught in the Student's
Book, with answer keys, which can be photocopied for
classroom use.
Speaking DVD
Included in the Teacher's Pack is the Speaking DVD which
contains the following:
@ overview of the Speaking test and explanation of the format
of the four parts of the test
" an example of Cambridge English: First candidates carrying out
each of the four parts of the exam under exam conditions
'" commentary and analysis of the candidates' performance by
experienced oral examiners
@ two students carrying out a complete test followed by a
general assessment of their performance according to the
Cambridge English: First assessment criteria
Workbook Pack
The First Masterc!ass Workbook Pack consists of a Workbook of
twelve six-page units, each of which covers the following areas:
Reading and Use of English, Writing, Listening, Grammar and
Vocabulary. It is available with or without an answer key.
Each unit of the Workbook relates to the corresponding unit
in the Student's Book in both topic and content. In this way
the Workbook reinforces the grammar and vocabulary from
the Student's Book. In addition, each unit in the Workbook
~ntroduction page9 . Audioscript 1·01
1 Give students a couple of minutes to look at the photos in You will hear people talking in eight different
task 1 in pairs and match them with the statements. You situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or
might need to explain the meaning of cheeky (disrespectful C) Question 1. You hear a man telling a friend about an email
or rude but in an amusing or playful way, e.g. a cheeky little he has received.
boy, to make cheeky comments about someone); moody So tell me exactly what happened.
(having moods that change quickly and often, e.g. teenagers . Well, I got one of those emails that looked as if it came
are often moody); and easy-going (relaxed and happy to · from my bank. It said I was at risk of identity theft and told me ·
accept things as they happen, e.g. an easy-going personality). I had to log on and verify my account information. I was really ,
Before students do tasks 3 and 4, check they understand the worried.
meaning of all the adjectives and adverbs. Ask them to rank So what did you do?
the modifiers in order of intensity- i.e. not at all, a bit, fairly I Well, I was about to reply to give them the information
quite I rather; very. really I extremely. they wanted, but then I thought I ought to check with my
, bank first. So I rang my branch and they said they never sent
2 · emails like this. But it looked so realistic - it had my bank logo
on it and it had links to real websites.
~
I've heard of that before. Apparently, it's a very
Underline: cheeky, confident, easy-going, moody, shy
common scam which everyone needs to be aware of.
Circle: rather, very, quite, really, fairly
Question 2. You hear someone talking about her first :
3 & 4 Students' own answers. impressions of someone.
The first time I met Ben was at a party. We were
listening Parfl: 1 page10 . introduced to each other by Charlie, a mutual friend, and we
chatted for a few minutes -you know, we exchanged the
usual pleasantries: 'Where do you live?'; 'What do you do?';
Th!r1kahead
'How do you know Charlie?' - that sort of thing. Then he
Get feedback on the gap-fill from the class and ask random
started talking about his job - he seemed very self-centred
pairs to justify their opinions as to why they agree or disagree
and that put me off a bit, but I didn't think much about it. A
with the statements.
couple of weeks later, he phoned me and asked if I'd like to
~ meet for a drink. I ummed and ahhed a bit and then I said,
in 11 of I about of about; to to 'Yeah, why not?' So we met and he was really nice. He even
said he was sorry if he'd come over as a bit arrogant at the
Multiple dioke party.
2 Draw students' attention to the Tip in the box. You might Question 3. You hear a conversation between a
want to check that students understand the meaning of , young man and an older relative.
these words and expressions: to exchange pleasantries (to talk I wonder if I could ask your advice.
to each other politely about unimportant things, especially Sure. How can I help?
when meeting for the first time or before getting down Well, I'm going for a job interview next week and
to business); scam (a dishonest way of making money by I'm thinking about how to do my best. They've already got
tricking or deceiving people); dress down (to wear clothes that my CV, so they know about my qualifications, and obviously
are more informal than you usually wear). I must look my smartest at the interview and sound as
intelligent as I can.
Im Do you know all about the company?
B c c B c A B A Not yet, but I'll be doing a bit of research at the
weekend so that I can ask sensible questions about the kind
of work I'd be doing if I got the job.
Good idea. So what are you worried about?
I want them to see what I'm really like -you know,
· I don't want to have to pretend to be someone I'm not.
That's fine. Just be yourself. I'm sure they appreciate '
that.
iO
Question 4. You hear someone describing how he Question 8. You hear a politician talking about his
heard about winning a competition for a mobile phone. appearance.
Last year, I got an email telling me I'd won a mobile Mali If you want my opinion, I think appearance is very
phone in a competition. I couldn't remember going in for a important if you want to convince people that you're a
competition, but that didn't matter. I had to email my debit serious politician. That's why I always wear a suit and tie
card details so they could charge me for the cost of shipping if I'm on official business - especially if I'm in a meeting,
the phone to me. Like an idiot, I made a basic mistake by being interviewed on television, or talking to members of the
giving them my card details and the address for the phone public. I know there are politicians - especially the younger
to be delivered to. Needless to say the phone never arrived, ones - who think it's cool to dress down -you know, jeans,
but my bank statement showed that money was being taken open-necked shirt and trainers, but for me that's just too
out of my account. : informal. Of course, at home with my family, I dress informally,
Question 5. You hear two friends talking about too, but never when I'm at work. It projects the wrong image.
tennis.
·1 Hello, Anna! Where are you going?
To play tennis, believe it or not. Can't you tell from Over to you
what I'm wearing? 3 Students' own answers.
Well, you do look as though you're going to play
something, but I didn't know you played tennis.
I've only just started - I don't have my own racket
Grammar (1) page11
Well, you look very smart. We must have a game Modai verbs of obligation
some time. 1 Before students do these tasks, encourage them to look at
Do you play tennis, then? the section on modal verbs of obligation in the Grammar
Yes, I do. In fact, I've been playing since I was eleven reference on page 159 to revise and refresh their memories.
or twelve.
2 Really? Are you a good player? 2 4 6 7 5
OJ
u
I used to be very good, but I haven't played much u
recently.
Great - I'll give you a ring to arrange a time.
2 .
(D
OJ
OJ
::J
Question 6. You hear someone talking about a bad
mD n
(D
I'll have to
experience on a social networking site. OJ
You'll have to (Note: Must can refer to the present or the ::J
I had a pretty nasty experience on a social networking Q_
future so it is not absolutely necessary to change answer d Q_
site. It started when I got a series of offensive messages,
to represent the future.) (D
::J
. then whoever it was said they were going to pass on private rt-
You won't have to rt-
information about me if I didn't give them money. At first I '<
thought it might be someone in my group at college, but 3
I didn't recognize the information on the person's profile.
It was obviously a fake identity. I did think about going to OD
Different: First option means there is no obligation - it's a
the police, but in the end I decided to ignore the whole
matter of choice. Second option is a prohibition - dressing
thing and not make a fuss. And fortunately, after a week or
up is not allowed.
two it stopped. So, if you want my advice, you shouldn't
Same meaning: There is no obligation, it is not necessary,
put confidential information about yourself on social
Slightly different: First option is personal - the speaker
networking sites.
thinks this. Second option is external - someone else
Question 7. You hear a message on a telephone
thinks this.
answering machine.
Hi, Maryl It's Alice. I'm just ringing to say sorry for 4
something that happened yesterday. I was in town doing
some last-minute shopping and someone on the other side fim
of the road called my name. When I looked round, I didn't In both sentences there is no necessity to hurry because there
see anyone I recognized - just a police officer and hundreds is plenty of time; but in sentence a the speaker knew there
of shoppers Anyway, I didn't think any more about it. Then, was plenty of time so did not hurry, whereas in sentence b the
about half an hour later, I was on the bus coming home, speaker hurried but later found it had not been necessary to
when I suddenly remembered -your brother Jeremy joined hurry because there had been plenty of time.
the police last year, didn't he? It must have been him who There was plenty of time so I didn't need to hurry (and I
; called to me, but I just didn't recognize him in his uniform. didn't).
Please apologize to him for me when you see him. Thanks. There was plenty of time so we needn't have hurried (but
Bye. we did).
5 C: It has been claimed that 'bin diving' is a common way for
thieves to get information. In an extensive survey, a credit
~
checking agency examined the contents of 400 rubbish
both possible ' must
bins.
needn't should
B: All it takes is one dishonest employee and people can
mustn't must
say goodbye to their hard-earned cash.
both possible need to
D
should will have to
both possible had to
Word building
Over to you 4
6 & 7 Students' own answers.
dm
unqualified finance fraudulent retirement
Reading and Use of English e impersonator f thief immigrants organization
Part 5 page12
Over to yolll
5 Students' own answers.
Think ahead
1 Check students understand the meaning of identity theft
(using someone else's name and personal details in order Grammar (2) pa 9e14
to gain access to resources or to obtain credit and other
benefits in that person's name). Present tenses
Ask students how they think criminals can steal other 1 Before students do these tasks, you can encourage them
people's identities (for example, over the internet). to look at the section on present tenses in the Grammar
2 Check students understand what a fraudster is and, if reference on page 159 to revise and refresh their memories.
necessary, explain that it comes from fraud, the crime of Alternatively, you could ask them to try to complete exercise
cheating somebody in order to obtain money or goods 1 and 2 first and then to refer to the Grammar reference to
illegally; a fraudster is a person who pretends to be somebody check any points they are unsure about.
he or she is not in order to trick or cheat people.
lm
~ are shopping is booming buy, sell
Mr Bond wasn't a fraudster; he was the victim of identity contain use
theft.
Identity crime is increasing. 2
~
Exam practke: Multiple choke a, b (present continuous)
3 Before students do the task, draw their attention to the Tip in c, e (present simple)
the box. d (present simple)
Before students read the text, you may like to check that 3
they understand the meaning of these words: crook (a
dishonest person or criminal); prey on (to take advantage of mD
or hurt someone, particularly when that person is smaller or 1 'I live in Madrid.'This suggests the speaker thinks of this as
weaker than yourself); booming (successful and fast growing); being a permanent situation.
foolproof (it's impossible for this not to work): unscrupulous 2 'I'm living in Madrid.'This suggests the speaker thinks of
(having no scruples (principles), prepared to behave in a this as being a temporary situation.
dishonest or unfair way to get what you want); snippet (a 1 'Shh! Can't you see I'm watching the news?'This is
small piece of something); impeccable (without mistakes or happening at the moment of speaking. The Shh!
faults); benefit fraud (when someone tries to get additional emphasizes that this is a current action.
financial support from the government that they are not 2 'These days I'm watching a lot of documentaries.'This refers
entitled to); bin diving (looking through someone's rubbish to an ongoing, temporary action happening 'around now'.
bin to find information about them). 1 'They always forget my name.' Th is is a statement of fact
relating to a routine occurrence.
~ 2 'They're always forgetting my name.'The use of the
C: they are fraudsters who prey on people's good nature continuous form shows that the routine occurrence
D: Away from people who knew him, Mr Bond's reputation happens too often. It may imply that the speaker is
was based solely on the contents of a police file. annoyed.
D: all an unscrupulous thief needs to start using a person's
name is a few snippets of information
4 ~
noun+ noun
~ verb+ noun
I have
verb + preposition
She understands
adverb +verb
< What exactly do you mean?
I believe 2
Adverbs ~
Act suspiciously; conceal your true identity; confidential
5 information; judge somebody by their appearance; peer
pressure
~ The words close, cover, friend, perform and rank from list A do
Present simple: every day; every so often; most weekends; not combine with any words in list B.
never; occasionally; often; rarely; sometimes; twice a week;
usually; today Exam pradke: Muitip~e-choke doze
Present continuous: at present; at the moment; currently; now;
this week; today 3 Before they start the task, draw students' attention to the tip
in the box to remind them that it is best practice to read the
6 text first to get the general idea before they start looking at
the questions.
~
,; Every day I Every so often I Most weekends I Occasionally I imD
Sometimes /Twice a week I Usually, I wear bright clothes. 1 B A D A B D 'C c
I never I occasionally I often I rarely I sometimes I usually
wear bright clothes. Over to you
I wear bright clothes every day I every so often I most 4 Suggest that the students approach the discussion questions
weekends I occasionally I sometimes I twice a week. by first considering which groups in society often have to QJ
-0
At present I At the moment I Currently I Now I This week I wear uniforms - e.g. school children, soldiers and other u
Today, I'm wearing bright clothes.
I'm wearing bright clothes at present I at the moment I
members of the armed forces, nurses, flight attendants,
servers in some fast food restaurants, etc. - and what purpose
.
([)
QJ
QJ
:J
currently I now I this week I today. the uniform might serve in each case. n
([)
QJ
:J
Over to you D...
and Mandarin) may find it challenging to identify sentence uniform for work.
Q_
(D
stress. If they are struggling, you can stop the recording after :i
rt
each question and answer and repeat the answer yourself, ~~})fil rt
A uniform allows others to see what each of these people '<
stressing the appropriate word (in bold in the audioscript) in
a slightly exaggerated manner to help them identify it. does.
Police officer: to show rank and instil respect I fear
Audioscript 1·03 Nurse: for protection and also to help patients to recognize
''"'""'"'''"'' What did you do last weekend? them
I went to the cinema. Airline pilot: to instil confidence in passengers
How long have you been studying English? Traffic warden: to justify him I her looking at vehicles
I've been studying English for four years. Fast food worker: for protection and so that customers
How do you spend your spare time? know who to talk to if they need something
I swim quite a lot. Postman: so that people recognize who the person is when
Who do you spend most of your spare time with? they open their door.
I spend most of my spare time with my friends. A uniform gives people status and ensures that their
t'":rrwr;,""· What kind of clothes do you like wearing? function is recognized by the public and their peers.
I'd have to say casual clothes. Some people may enjoy wearing a uniform because they
Tell us something about one of your close friends. feel it makes them look good I smart and invests them
My best friend is called Antonio. with a certain authority. People may show more respect
to somebody wearing a uniform. Wearing a uniform can
OD also give people a sense of belonging and of pride in being
;,;; cinema years swim friends casual best part of an organization.
15
Exam skms However, uniforms have disadvantages for some people.
They make everyone look the same (4) because I so that
2 people cannot express their individuality in the same way as
if they were wearing clothes they had chosen themselves. A
m:i
This piece of writing is an essay, so the students are writing more serious problem may be for soldiers who are fighting.
for a general audience and should employ a relatively Their uniform gives the enemy a clear target and may
formal and neutral tone. (5) actually I probably cost soldiers their lives.
In this type of essay question - sometimes known as a 'for' In my experience, I have found that people in uniform
and 'against' essay, it's important that students address are often given more respect than people in ordinary
both sides of the argument, not just the side they agree clothes. (6) For instance I An example, it would be difficult
with. The essay should include an introduction, followed for someone in ordinary clothes to arrest another person.
by the arguments for and against the wearing of uniforms (1) In conclusion !To end with, I would say that there are
in different jobs, giving reasons in each case. It should end certain jobs for which wearing a uniform is necessary.
with a conclusion in which the writer can give their own
6
opinion.
m!
3 this actually
For example For instance
tim
A Quite interesting, but not appropriate as an introduction - Other In conclusion
an introduction introduces the key ideas to be discussed in so that
the body of the essay and does not go straight into details
on a particular point, as this answer does. This would be Essay
better as a paragraph in the body of the essay. 7 Encourage students to refer to the Writing guide on page
Opening with a question makes this paragraph quite 178 before they begin to plan and write their essay. Stress
interesting, but as it continues it becomes too descriptive the importance of planning the essay properly in advance.
u and specific for an introduction. It then rambles and Having a clear idea of what points you want to cover in each
c
(()
becomes unfocused. paragraph is the main key to success in essay writing.
QJ
u Inappropriate because it is too personal and informal. Before they start writing, ask students to check that their
c
(()
'-
D Interesting and appropriate. It introduces the subject essay plan contains an introduction, a 'for' paragraph with the
m economically and makes two or three interesting points:
QJ most important reasons in favour of wearing smart clothes
o._
Q_ uniforms are everywhere I worn for work I no choice for and an 'against' paragraph with the reasons why this could
ro the wearer not be a good thing. The final paragraph should conclude
The most suitable is paragraph D. by giving their own opinion supported by their reasons for
it. Normally, writers present the opposing argument, the one
4
they don't agree with, in the first part of the essay.
£iDl
Yes. The writer has:
·agreed with the statement Unit 1 Review page20
• referred to uniforms as helping us to identify people
1
• referred to uniforms as means of protection
• included ideas of their own: the disadvantages of uniforms I mD
uniforms conferring respect A point Crest
B considering D clothing
5 C contacted 7 C early
A employed D market
lim
The most common reason for (1) this I which is that uniforms
2
allow wearers to be seen and identified by the public.
(2) For example I Like, if you are visiting someone in hospital, ~
you need to know who is a nurse or doctor and who is an don't I do not have to go or needn't I need not go
ordinary member of the public. Another I Other reasons mustn't I must not take
include protecting wearers from danger or disease, for needn't have I need not have hurried
example fire fighters at a blaze, or nurses working in a mustn't I must not tire yourself out
hospital. didn't have to I did not have to send her an email or didn't
I did not need to send her an email
16
3
d3D
I'm expecting
!:i normally works, he is visiting
( Do you have, I'm trying
I don't usually like, I'm reading, I'm enjoying
flows
You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 87-88 for
this unit.
DJ
u
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(I)
DJ
'DJ
:J
n
(D
DJ
:J
0...
0...
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:J
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rt
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Introduction Exam practice: Multiple matching
1 Make sure students are clear what jobs or activities the 3 Direct students' attention to the Tip before they start
people in the photos are doing (see below) before they reading the text. Ask them to locate the key words in 1 to
discuss their ideas in pairs or small groups. start with (complete and education) and then refer back to
the previous exercise for the synonyms. You may like to
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
check that students understand the meaning of get away
Top left to bottom right:
with in 2 (to manage to make a mistake or do something
a Photo 1: gymnast - flexibility, athleticism, competitiveness
bad without being criticized for it or suffering any negative
Photo 2: surgeon - excellent hand-eye co-ordination,
consequences).
knowledge about anatomy, precise focus
Encourage students to read the whole text through once
Photo 3: model - good looks, tall and slim, poise
quickly to get the general idea. You can perhaps ask them to
Photo 4: singer - good voice, ability to perform for others,
tell you what is extraordinary about each of the four people.
memory for words in songs
Remind students to use the synonyms and paraphrases of
Photo 5: teacher - presentation skills, knowledge of
the key words they have underlined to help them do the
subject, empathy for students
exercise.
Photo 6: museum tour guide - presentation skills,
knowledge of art, enthusiastic personality Words in the text that you might want to check students
b Students' own answers. understand are: autism (a social disability, when a person
doesn't develop the communication skills necessary to be
(/) able to interact normally with other people); painstakingly
Reading and Use of English (very carefully, taking a lot of time and effort); improvise
(when actors or musicians perform without fixed text or
Part7 music but make it up as they perform it); recall (remember);
and jaw-dropping (very surprising and impressive - literally
Exam skills making a person's mouth drop open in amazement).
1 This section helps students prepare for Part 7 of the Reading
and Use of English paper, which involves locating specific ma
information in a text. These activities develop students' ability C: A high-school dropout ...
to identify and match synonyms and paraphrases, which will 2 A: He does occasionally play the wrong note, but because he
help them to complete Part 7 task types more quickly and is able to improvise, he can cover it up without anyone even
easily. noticing.
3 D: Eskil is well aware of the risks involved in what he does.
ma 4 B: He acquired these skills after years of practice ...
a accidentally: by chance, unintentionally 5 A: Derek Paravicini was born blind, with severe learning
b ability: skill, talent difficulties and autism. He has limited verbal skills, poor short-
c currently: presently, these days term memory and cannot read even Braille ... at nine, Derek
d cover (sth) up: conceal, hide gave his first of many major public performances.
e participate: be involved, take part 6 C: Ron says the key to his training is to be distracted while
f pressure: demands, stress memorizing things; this gives his brain incredible focus.
For example, to become the USA Memory Champion he
2
memorized cards while snorkelling.
ma 7 A: Adam painstakingly taught Derek how to play properly ...
left school; was expelled from school; didn't finish school; 8 D: He performs all his feats without a safety net or harness.
dropped out of school (do not provide this unless students 9 B: His ambition was to become a professional bee-keeper but
come up with it) instead he ended up becoming an academic.
7 had classes I lessons; was taught by somebody (do not 10 C: Ron currently teaches memory techniques to people all
provide this unless students come up with it) over the United States.
18
Ptu·a$al verbs: turn li We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence b
because the sentence refers to a specific event in the past,
4 although the verb following succeeded in would need to
take the -ing form:
OD The doctors managed to save the woman's life.
5 b 6 3 2 4
The doctors succeeded in saving the woman's life.
We can use managed to or succeeded in in sentence c
Over to you
because the sentence refers to a specific event in the past,
5 Students' own answers. although the verb following succeeded in would need to
take the -ing form:
Grammar (1} pa 9e24
After five hours, the firefighters managed to put out the fire.
After five hours, the firefighters succeeded in putting out the
fire.
can, be able to
1 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the 6
Grammar reference on page 160 for help with these tasks.
i3D
fim " didn't succeed in finding
<> Derek Paravicini is not able to read even Braille, but he has wasn't able to complete I do I finish
an amazing talent; he is able to play any piece of music succeeded in passing
after only one hearing. ill managed to break in I enter
He was able to play a toy organ when he was two. was(n't) able to swim
f managed I has managed to get
2 ~i wasn't able to fall
3
mi) It is not possible to use could or couldn't in sentences c, d, f
a He can run 100 metres in just over twelve seconds. and i.
When I was younger, I could run up a hill without getting couldn't find !] couldn't sleep
out of breath. ii couldn't finish h could open
c They had eaten such a big breakfast that they couldn't could swim
finish their lunch.
He could probably touch his toes if he lost weight. Over to you
;;: Even if I'd been stronger, I couldn't have lifted those heavy 8 Students' own answers.
weights.
~ ~
We can use the past forms of manage to and succeed in for How different learners learn best
sentences band c. 2 Students' knowledge of grammar and syntax should help
We cannot use managed to or succeeded in in sentence them choose the correct answers from the alternatives. For
a because this sentence refers to a past, ongoing habit example, for question 1 the syntax of the sentence indicates
(smoking). Managed to or succeeded in refer to a specific that a verb is needed in the gap. This - and the knowledge
event in the past, when something became possible. that everyone takes the singular rather than the plural form of
the verb - will guide students to the correct answer, which is 5
has.
mD
~ good II cheaper younger; cleverer d the unluckiest
has 2 there 3 an 4 Because to need e better ·~ hotter g more difficult less I more legibly
1 order however 9 what ·rn many i easier .i faster; sooner
6 To help students sort out this list of modifiers, you could
Exam pradke: Open doze present the key below as a table under three headings -
3 Read the Tip with the class before students start the exercise. 'no difference', 'a small difference' and 'a big difference'.
It reminds them to look at the words before and after the
gap to help them decide what part of speech - verb, noun,
£iD
no difference: just (as ... as); no
adjective or article - is needed. You might also want to a small difference: a bit; a little; slightly
check that students understand the meaning of visual stimuli a big difference: far I by far; much; a lot; not nearly (as ... as);
(things which 'stimulate' the vision - i.e. cause it to react). considerably
~
'i a if I when to that I which 5 rather 6 for Over to you
i while I whilst be
7
Over to you f#MM:fi.jj@el41~f:M\llil
4 Students' own answers. My brother is taller than me but not as tall as my husband. I
don't think my brother is as witty as I am, because he does
not value sense of humour as much as I do. We both had a
Grammar (2) 1x1ge26 lot of education, but I studied harder than him at school and
at university. I think I am kinder than my brother, and he is a
Comparatives and superlatives little bit moodier than I am, but he is more sociable.
1 Ask the students to read the text quickly the first time and
tell you the three main changes in classrooms between now
and a hundred years ago (answer: the average class size is
Speaking Part 2 pag"n
smaller, teachers are less strict and there are more subjects on
the curriculum). Then give them more time to read the text in Exam skms
detail and discuss other changes mentioned. 1 The tasks in this section prepare students for Part 2 of the
2 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the Speaking paper of the exam. Candidates are put in pairs,
Grammar reference on page 161 for a review of comparative and each candidate is given two photographs to talk about
and superlative structures. (making a comparison between the two) for one minute. The
candidates also have to answer a question from the examiner
~ about their partner's photographs.
as big as; higher; stricter; more severe; less extensive; as
The purpose of this first exercise is to remind students of
effective as; the most interesting
what they have to do for Speaking Part 2, so tell them they
3 need to listen carefully.
£§1 ~
longer, the longest I shorter, the shortest a Each candidate is given two photographs.
larger, the largest I later, the latest Each candidate has to talk about his I her own photos for
' flatter, the flattest I thinner, the thinnest about one minute.
heavier, the heaviest I funnier, the funniest Next, each candidate answers a question about the other
more important, the most important I more independent, candidate's photo.
the most independent
1 Audioscript 1·05
cleverer, the cleverest I narrower, the narrowest
El!ami11e1· In this part of the test, I'm going to give each
better, the best I worse, the worst
of you two photographs. I'd like you to talk about your
ll better, the best I worse, the worst
photographs on your own for about a minute, and also
more quickly, the most quickly I more carefully, the most
to answer a question about your partner's photographs.
carefully
George, it's your turn first. Here are your photographs. They
4 · show people studying in different places. I'd like you to
compare the photographs and say how you think the people
~ feel about studying in these different places. All right?
The adjective or adverb takes its basic form - e.g. as quick as,
as quickly as I as beautiful as, as beautifully as.
2 Before students start the speaking task with their partner, Contrasting words but, however, The main difference
remind them that this activity is all about making between ... ,unless, whereas, while
comparisons, so it is a good idea to begin by making a Words which give and, also, because, in addition
mental list of all the obvious similarities and differences more information
between the two photographs to serve as a basis for
Words which I'd prefer to do ... than, I'd much
discussion.
express a rather ... , I prefer to do ... than ...
Monitor students as they do the task without interrupting, preference I I prefer doing ... to ... , /find ... ,
and give feedback to the class at the end. I imagine that ... , Personally
3 Before you play the recording, elicit a few examples of each
type of word expression from the class - e.g. contrasting Pronunciation
words: but, however, while; words which give more 5 Before they listen, remind students that the most heavily
information: and, also; and words which express preference: stressed word in each sentence will be the one which is
I'd prefer to, I'd rather. important for the message the speaker wants to get across.
ma For example, the point that the first speaker wants to make
is not just that the lecture hall is bigger than the classroom,
Contrasting words but, The main difference between ... ,
but that it is much bigger: much is therefore likely to be the
unless, whereas, while
stressed word.
Words which give and, also, because
more information ma
Words which I'd prefer to do ... than ... , I find ... , a much
express preference I imagine that ... , I'd much rather ... , b nearly
Personally c just (an alternative stress pattern could be to put the main
stress on the word spefn
Audioscript 1·06 d considerably
George In this picture the students are studying in a lecture
Audioscript 1·07
hall - probably in a university or college. In the other picture
The lecture hall is much bigger than the classroom.
the students are studying in a classroom. The lecture hall
Teachers aren't nearly as strict as they used to be.
is much bigger than the classroom and there are many
It's just as hard to spell a word in English as to pronounce it.
more students in the hall than the classroom. Some of the
Class sizes are considerably smaller these days.
students have to sit a long way away from the lecturer
whereas in the classroom they are a lot nearer. The main 6 If students seem very unsure about which words should
difference between the two places is that you can ask the be stressed here, remind them that the objective of these
teacher questions in the classroom, but you can't interrupt sentences is to compare two things. The most important
a lecturer if there is something you don't understand. I (and therefore most heavily stressed) words will relate to the
imagine that the students who are in the lecture hall feel comparison. Here the important thing for the speakers is not
less involved than the ones in the classroom because they the quality itself (the adjective) but the extent of the quality
are just listening and taking notes while in the classroom (the modifier). Get students to compare answers.
the students would feel more involved because they can
7 Students should listen and compare their answers, then listen
participate in the lesson and do more active activities, like
again and repeat.
speaking for example.
Examiner Thank you. Adriana, which of these places would mD
you prefer to study in? a bit; lot b nearly; far c just; far; much d no
Adriana I'd much rather study in a classroom than in a lecture
hall. Personally, I find it hard to hear and see if I'm in a big Audioscript 1·08
room, so unless I'm sitting right at the front I find it difficult My sister's only a bit older than me. She's a lot cleverer than
to follow what the lecturer is saying and I switch off. And me, though.
This car's not nearly as expensive as that one. And it's far
of course if you switch off you could miss something really
important. I also find sitting still for an hour very difficult, and cheaper to run.
just listening and taking notes is boring. In the classroom you This lecture is just as hard to follow as yesterday's. Physics is
by far the most difficult subject I've studied. It's much harder
can move about and there is the opportunity to work with
other people. than chemistry.
Examiner Thank you. Italian is no more difficult to learn than Spanish.
4 Long turn
mD 8 Students' own answers.
The words and expressions in bold are in the audioscript.
Ones not in bold are additional alternatives.
21
Writing Part 2 ~ letter I emaU pagew 6
~
Think ahead INF: Best wishes; Cheers; Good to hear from you!; Hello; Hi!;
Give students a short time to discuss the questions in pairs Hiya!; How are things with you?; Jo; Thanks for your email; You
before getting some feedback from the class. Most students asked me about ...
will probably say that the majority of their correspondence F: Best wishes; Dear Sam; Dear Sir; I'm (I am) writing to ... ;
is via email, so ask them how much of this is informal Regards; Thank you for your email of 7517 2; Yours sincerely;
correspondence with friends and how much of it is formal I Yours faithfully; Jo Hunter (Ms)
official. Say that the language of formal correspondence by
7
email is similar to formal letter writing; however, the language
of informal correspondence with friends will be more like ~
spoken language. a snack e to inform you
attempted because
Exam sldUs c therefore returned home
d sent you a text message Ii I do apologize
2
8
(3D
In the reply, you need to: !CID!
·say what happened to you last night The second email uses delayed instead of held up and arrive
·provide an excuse for not showing up (and apologize) instead of get in because held up and get in are phrasal verbs
·say when you would like to meet up I reschedule the meeting and therefore preferably not used in formal writing.
3 9
(311 Ol2I
Although both emails give a full response to Charlie's 31 My boyfriend refuses to back down even when he knows
message and answer all his questions, the first reply (on the I'm right.
left-hand side of the page) is more appropriate because it is I wish people wouldn't eat at their desks. I just can't put up
written in an appropriate style for an email between friends. with it.
The other answer is far too formal for an email to a friend, and c I wish you wouldn't put me down in public - it's really
the format I layout is more appropriate for a formal letter. embarrassing.
d I bumped into someone I was at school with yesterday.
formal and informal language Have you heard about Tim and Jan? They've called off their
wedding!
4 ·r My grandparents brought up five children on a very low
income.
mD
INF b F INF cl F e; F INF INF rt INF
Meanmngs of get
5
10
OD
The informal features included in the first email are: ilm
•short sentences, e.g. No, nothing's wrong! (Note: exclamation Underline in the first email: get in, got changed, get you on, get
marks are more likely to be used in informal writing.), it, got there
instead of: In your email you enquire whether anything is Formal equivalents in second email: get in= arrive home,
wrong and in response I must assure you that no, nothing is got changed= changed, get you on =contact you on, get it=
receive, got there = arrived
wrong.
• contractions, e.g. nothing's wrong instead of nothing is wrong
·phrasal verbs, e.g. held up Exam pradke: EmaH
·omitted words (e.g. pronouns), e.g. Sorry about last night
11
instead of I am sorry about last night
•the use of very simple words or slang, e.g. 'cos instead of mD
because Talk about your classes+ say whether your classes are
interesting+ describe the things you do in your classes+
say whether you are learning a lot from your classes.
b Sam is the target reader, and because he I she is your
friend the style would be informal.
d Students' own answers.
22
Reading and Use of English listening Part 2 .page31
Part 3 page3o
Think ahead
Exam ski~I$ 1 To help students deduce what the title of the article might
mean, tell them that the prefix hyper is of Greek origin and
1 The ability to recognize and form different parts of speech
means'over' or'in excess' /'too much': for example, a hyperactive
from root forms is an important aspect of students' language
person is someone who is overactive and can never sit still or
development and a skill that is tested in Part 3 of the Reading
relax. From this, they can deduce what hyper-parenting might
and Use of English paper.
mean: parenting taken to excess in some way.
OD 2 Tell students that for Listening Part 2 tasks, they should also
a noun because it follows an article try, as this question asks, to predict what kind of information
b a verb because it follows a pronoun and is followed by a might go in the gaps.
relative clause
~ an adverb because it is describing the action of the verb in
~g1is1;:JMf41@~tpJ:i:f"'I
-ation expectation, information for. Their predicted answers to 2 will help them to have a ro
::J
-ity prosperity clear idea about this. rt
(fJ
23
' Cathy, who lives in a small town outside Buffalo in New York structured activity. She sums up: 'Everyone wants their child
State, acknowledges the stress such a way of life causes the to shine, but going to art or jazz classes is not necessarily
whole family and has wondered whether it is worth it. But · any more beneficial than giving young children time and
she defends herself by saying that she knows lots of families ' freedom to play by themselves. Or just to sit and think:
, whose children do even more than hers do.
This is the world of hyper-parenting. A world in which
middle-class American - and, increasingly, British - parents Adjective prefixes: extra!' hyper, over,,, under
treat their children as if they are competitors eternally racing 4 Ask students which prefixes indicate 'more than' or 'in
towards some unidentified finishing line. A world in which excess' (extra, hyper, over) and which indicate 'less than' or
i children are rushed from activity to activity in order to make insufficiency (under)
i their future CVs as impressive as possible. A world in which You can also tell them that the prefixes hyper and over usually
' raising the next top sportsperson, musician, artist, whatever, have negative connotations. They indicate that the excess
has apparently become a more important goal than raising a is negative in some way- for example, to be hypersensitive
happy, well-balanced child. is to be too sensitive and touchy, and to overdo something
US child psychiatrist Or Alvin Rosenfeld, co-author of Hyper- is to do it too much. Extra, however, means 'beyond' in the
Parenting. Are You Hurting Your Child by Trying Too Hard?, sense of'outside' and has neutral or positive associations - for
explains why hyper-parenting has become such an issue. He example, extraordinary means out of the ordinary and has
'. says, 'Parents have been led to believe that they can somehow positive connotations.
: programme their children for success if only they do all the
right things. It starts even before they are born, when pregnant
OD
hyperactive; extracurricular; overindulgent; overoptimistic;
women are warned of dire consequences if they don't eat the
overpopulated, underpopulated; overpriced, underpriced;
right foods. Then, they are told that playing a baby Mozart
hypersensitive, oversensitive; overstaffed; understaffed;
. could speed its development, so they play Mozart and it just
extraterrestrial; overused, underused; overvalued, undervalued
goes on from there. It's a very winner-takes-all view of society
• and it's making a lot of parents - and children - very unhappy. 5
Childhood expert, William Doherty of the University of
Minnesota, informs us that doctors across the country are «m
<i hyperactive overindulgent £ hypersensitive
reporting a growing trend in children suffering frequent
understaffed extraterrestrial
headaches due to exhaustion and stress.
In the UK, too, GPs and child experts are reporting similar
symptoms of stress. With two working parents now the Unit 2 Review page 32
. norm, many children have to go to clubs at the end of the
school day through necessity. But competitive pressures are
also fuelling an explosion of private-sector extracurricular
~
activities, including sports, language, music and maths
magicians :.! known variety throughout
. classes for children as young as four.
.5 athletic performance dangerous celebrity
'. PyschiatristTerri Apter admits that there is definitely a new
· parenting trend under way which says that parents have 2
to uncork all their child's potential at a young age. They
are concerned that they are letting down their children if ~
Could
they don't. She goes on to say that it isn't an entirely new
!:I didn't manage
phenomenon, that there have always been pushy parents,
succeeded
but that what was previously seen as eccentric behaviour was
haven't managed
now much more the norm. Mothers see their children's friends
Can I Can't
doing lots of extra-curricular activities and they believe they
didn't manage to I couldn't I weren't able to
have to follow suit. It all becomes very competitive.
could
Terri Apter has seen at first hand the harmful effects of
succeeded
hyper-parenting. She is currently studying a group of British
: and American eighteen-year-aids, many of whom are having
3
enormous difficulty adjusting to the freedom of college life.
She explains that a lot of them are so used to having their I'm
time completely filled up by their parents that when they out back down to e into up
leave home they lack the most basic self-management skills You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 89-90 for
and simply don't know what to do with themselves. this unit.
The answer, she says, is for parents to lighten up and take a
' sensible middle road - allowing time for free play as well as
24
mobile phone, more than an hour, more than two hours,
Introduction page33
etc., and write the number of students in each category on
1 Before students start discussing the questions in pairs or
the board. The students could then decide as a group if they
small groups, make sure they recognize the central action of
think the class as a whole has a 'digital addiction' problem or if
each photo. (Top left to bottom right: photo 1, using a games
a percentage of the class does.
console; photo 2, sending text messages; photo 3, working
late; photo 4, surfing the internet; photo 5, buying shoes I
shopping; photo 6, making coffee.)
Exam practice: Multiple choke
(3D 2
a The unit title Compulsion refers to activities that people
4iD
can't stop doing. The photographs show activities which c A 4 B '.J A c B
people can get addicted to.
All of these activities are potentially addictive. Addictive Audioscript 1·10
behaviour has a range of consequences for the person You will hear part of a radio phone-in programme
whom it affects - for example on their health and, in the on the subject of people's use of digital technology. For
case of an addiction to shopping, their finances. Addiction questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).You now
often leads to a breakdown in the addicts' relationships have one minute to look at Part 4.
with family and friends. In this evening's programme, we're starting
with a subject which has got many of you worried. We'll
2 be discussing young people and digital technology. It's
lfl@J>'f1!:j§!f/41gi'bifJ!A§*' something that worries not only parents but young people
Some people are thrill-seekers - they want to try out themselves. On our studio panel, we have Evan Matthews, a n
child psychologist, Joanne Carter, a secondary school head 0
new things. Such people may do something once for the
3
thrill, but may find they continue doing it until it becomes teacher, and Liz Winslett, who has three teenage children and u
c
a dominant part of their lives because they become is a student counsellor. Our first caller this morning is James CJ)
addicted, first to the thrill and then to the habit or drug. Benson. What is your question, James7 0
::J
Even though they may not continue to enjoy doing it, Thank you. I'd like to ask you what you think about my
they may be unable to stop. Certain people are genetically parents' recent behaviour. They're getting more and more
more inclined to develop addictive behaviour. Others may obsessed about the amount of time I spend with what
seek to use drugs to escape problems in their lives. they call my'virtual friends'.
1:i Education can play a big part in helping young people Hi, James. Can you tell me who these friends are?
avoid addiction by making them aware of the dangers of They're mainly people I've met on social networking
certain activities and explaining why they should avoid sites.
doing things to excess. They should be made aware that Ewm And how much contact do you have with them7
there are alternative ways to deal with problems and I Well, on a normal day, I'll update my status as soon
or better ways to experience thrills. Counselling services as I wake up. Then I'll check to see if anyone's sent me any
should be offered to those who are genetically inclined messages on my mobile.
to develop addictive behaviour, and addicts should And how long does that usually take?
be helped to recognize that they have a problem and About five minutes if I have to reply to any messages.
provided with guidance on how to change their habits or What about later in the day?
lifestyles. Well, if I don't have to go to college, I'll spend a
couple of hours chatting to friends in the morning and
· maybe another two in the evening.
listening Part page34 Hmm, that does seem rather excessive.
I suppose so, but it's what I'm used to. But actually,
Think ahead what Mum and Dad really object to is seeing me texting my
1 You could either get the students to discuss the questions friends - especially at mealtimes. They say it's rude and anti-
about their own use of digital technology in pairs or small social.
groups, or you could address them as a class. For example, And what do you think?
you could ask students to raise their hands if they spend I just think it's completely normal for people of my age.
more than half an hour a day talking to friends on their How many texts do you send a day7
James About fifty or sixty. t1 Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit. Sentence 2 refers to
fomme OK - and do you understand why your parents are a past habit that is no longer relevant.
getting so annoyed? Sentence 1 refers to an ongoing habit (I'm accustomed to
-'~1m!> Not really. It's just a bit of fun. I think adults take these doing this). Sentence 2 refers to a developing habit
things too seriously.
Can I ask you, James, do you have any other interests used to and would
outside your virtual world?
J;imes No, not now. I used to play tennis with my dad most 3
weekends. But he always seems too busy these days. im
Pifesente1· OK, James, I think we get the idea of what your a used to I would used to " used to
life is like. I'd now like to ask our panel to comment on what d used to I would used to I would
they've heard. Can I start with you, Evan? We can use used to to talk about habitual I regular actions or
Evan OK, James. I have to say I have great sympathy with states in the past that are now finished.
your parents and completely understand their point of We can use would to talk about habitual action:;; in the past,
view. They feel they're losing you to your virtual friends. My but not to talk about past states.
advice to you would be to spend less time on your phone
and try to spend at least a couple of hours a day when you're 4
not at college doing things with real people. mD
Presenter Thank you. Joanne? Sentences a and c could take would as well as used to
Jo@n11e Here's what I suggest, James. First, I think you should because they refer to habitual actions rather than permanent
accept that you have an addiction, then I suggest you try to states. (Note: for sentence c would smoke means they smoked
cut back your contact with digital friends by a few minutes sometimes, e.g. at parties or after dinner - not all the time.)
every day, so that by this time next year your life is more in
5 Students' own answers.
balance. Try to get back to playing tennis with your dad like
you used to. And try to spend more time with real people -
6 For a, encourage students to talk about what used to happen
in the past (but doesn't now) and what they are used to (as in
you'll soon get used to it. You won't lose any genuine friends
'accustomed to') doing, comparing these with the ongoing
and you won't have your parents nagging you all the time.
changes they are getting used to.
Preseii~!!r Thanks. And lastly, Liz Winslett.
Uz Right, James. I imagine your addiction is probably a very For b, students should talk about the changes they would
temporary one. I would guess that in a month or two you'll and wouldn't find it easy to get used to.
get bored with your virtual life and just slip back into your old
life- that's if my own son's experience is anything to go by.
In other words, I think you're going through a phase.
Grammar (2)
Prese!ll:er Thank you all very much - and thank you, James,
Ccnmtab~e and uncountable nouns
for your intriguing question.
J;i1m~$ Thanks.
1
(3D
Over to you Countable: adults, things, parents, point of view, phone
3 Students' own answers. Uncountable: fun, sympathy, advice, time
2
Grammar (1) page3s
ilm
Only used with countable nouns: many, a few, few, several
Habits and typical behaviour Only used with uncountable nouns: not much, a little, little
1 Encourage students to attempt the exercise and try and work Used with both: all the, some, most of the, enough, a lot of,
out the answers to anything they don't know before they plenty of, no, none of the
look at the Grammar reference on page 162.
3
o:D
any time any time past past e future mD
any time !\i past a bit of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture,
information, music, news, paper, research, luck
2 a box of: clothing, equipment, fruit, matches, paper
a glass of: milk
OD a piece of: advice, clothing, equipment, fruit, furniture,
a Sentence 1 refers to a past habit, which is now over (I don't
information, music, news, paper, research
do this any n1ore). Sentence 2 refers to an ongoing habit
a sheet of: music, paper
(I'm accustomed to doing this).
a stroke of: luck 1
a word of: advice
~
an item of: clothing, equipment, information, news
The writer feels a bit defensive about the fact that the reader
4 might laugh at him I her, proud that he I she has the addiction
under control at the moment and also a bit smug that he I she
@1,11:1@'41&-iMii\l;fi doesn't put on any weight even when he I she eats a lot of
chicken: Each of the chickens has laid an egg. I Shall we have chocolate. He I she is also determined to keep up the addiction.
chicken or fish for dinner?
2 Students' own answers.
chocolate: Chocolate is too sweet for me. I She bought herself a
box of chocolates.
exercise: I try to do exercise every day. I Swimming is an
Phrasal verbs
excellent form of exercise.
3
experience: People learn best from experience. I I had a
frightening experience last night. ~
language: I'm very interested in everyday language. I My cut down: reduced turns off: disgusts
father speaks six lcmguages. get by: survive putting on: gaining
light: You can see light through the trees. /The car hasn't got its light up: shine give up: stop
lights on. (Note: hooked on is also a phrasal verb meaning 'to be very
noise: There is a lot of noise in the city. I There are many enthusiastic about something'.)
different kinds of noises.
room: Is there enough room for us all? I The hotel hos over a Phrasal verbs with give
hundred rooms.
time: I never hove enough time. I How many times have we
4
done this before? ll3D
~ 4;6 b 5 ( 1;7 2 ~ 3
5
5
OD
Cupcakes are something mothers make for their children and mD n
are a reminder of childhood for many people. give (it) back d give in 0
giving out
3
b giving up on 'D
c
Exam practice: Open doze !'. giving away (f)
0
6 Students will encounter this type of open cloze task in Part :J
2 of the Reading and Use of English paper. Encourage them Pronunciation
to look at the words on either side of each gap to help them
6
determine what part of speech the missing word is likely to
be. ~
You might want to check that students understand the The main stress is on the particle in phrasal verbs. In three-
meaning of get hooked on (a more informal expression which part phrasal verbs the main stress is on the first of the two
means 'to get addicted to') and buttercream (a kind of icing particles.
for cake made from butter and icing sugar).
ma give in
a 2 like to all used back would give out
into give away
give back
Over to you
7 Students' own answers.
7
Vocabulary page37 O])
When a pronoun is inserted between the phrasal verb and
Think ahead the particle, the main stress is on the particle.
Check students understand the meaning of the title: confession When a noun is inserted between the phrasal verb and the
(something wrong that people admit to doing), chocoholic particle, the main stress is on the noun.
(somebody who is obsessed with eating chocolate). (Note: three-part phrasal verbs are not separable.)
27
Audioscript 1·12 Over to you
I really ought to give it back. 3 Students' own answers.
I really ought to give the DVD back.
One of the supermarkets is giving them away.
One of the supermarkets is giving free samples away.
Vocabulary page4o
Adverbs
Over to you 1 Before students read the article, check they understand
8 Students' own answers. the meaning of superstition (a belief which is not based on
human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected
with old ideas about good luck, magic, etc.). Check students'
Reading and Use of EngUsh understanding of the meaning of the extract by asking
Part 6 pa<Je3s these questions: What superstitions does the narrator's sister
have? (she won't walk under ladders and she won't open
Exam skills an umbrella in the house) What about the narrator's brother?
(he touches wood for luck) How does the narrator feel about
1 This section develops the skills students need to tackle the
people who are superstitious? (it's understandable because it's
long gapped text task found in Part 6 of the Reading and Use
a natural human characteristic)
of English paper. To be successful in dealing with this type of
task, students need to understand how texts are constructed 2 Students' own answers.
and recognize the ways in which different elements cohere
3
to create meaning. This first exercise works at sentence level
and involves students finding corresponding elements in mD
order to match pairs of sentences. Tell students that the Four adverbs of manner: clearly, accidentally, dramatically,
matching elements could be the content - the sentences are honestly
obviously talking about the same thing - or it could be the Two comment adverbs: amazingly, fortunately
grammar and syntax, but it is more likely to be both. Two focusing adverbs: even, only
Two frequency adverbs: never, always
mD An adverb of degree: really
J i.i 5 b 3 6 !! 2 f 4
_)
4 Since the order of adverbs in a sentence is not covered in the
Grammar reference, you might like to revise this topic with
Exam pradke: Gapped text
the class before students attempt the exercise. Try to elicit the
2 Before students begin the task, you may like to check that rules from the students based on the examples in the text.
they understand the meaning of these words: override (to
Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb (e.g. We
take control of something); to coin (to invent a new word or
always made sure ... ) except ifthe verb is be, in which case
expression); distress (feelings of great worry or unhappiness);
they come after it (e.g. We were never allowed.)
endorphins (chemicals produced in the brain which stop the
feeling of pain); tolerance (the ability to be affected by a drug Comment adverbs usually come right at the end or right at
or by difficult conditions without being harmed); get a kick the beginning of a sentence (e.g. Fortunately, his predictions
outofsomething (to get feelings of pleasure from something) never came true. I His predictions never came true, fortunately.).
Adverbs of degree come before the adverb or adjective
imD they modify (e.g. To make sure they do really well ... ); but if
G: With a negative addiction, on the other hand ... contrasts
they modify a verb, they can come either before or after it
with the previous section, which describes the effects of a
(I strongly agree. I I agree strongly.)
positive addiction.
Adverbs of manner and focusing adverbs can come both
Z E: Steve, a personal trainer, used his work to mask his
before and after the verb in a sentence depending on what
secondary addiction. This links with Whatever workout my
the speaker wants to emphasize (e.g. clearly remember, which
client was doing, ....
3 F: The thrill from the exercise is the thing, ... links back to
could also be remember clearly; and occidentally broke a
mirror, which could also be broke a mirror accidentally).
body image isn't so central in the previous sentence.
A: five times the amount (of endorphins) links back to the ma
body produces endorphins in the previous sentence. a Sadly, my sister failed her driving test last week. I My sister
5 C: the thrill con never quite compare with that achieved by failed her driving test last week, sadly.
taking drugs is followed by the example ofTony, who took If someone sneezes, people often say, 'Bless you!'.
drugs doily for almost a decode. I completely agree with you. I I agree with you completely.
6 D: there's on underlying unhappiness links with the sentence cl I hurriedly checked my email before I left for work. I
that follows: If they haven't sorted out the reasons for this I checked my email hurriedly before I left for work.
state ....
Sentence B is not used.
e Surprisingly, I found out later that you'd been trying to
Audioscript 1-14
phone me. I I found out later that you'd been trying to
Sophie I think these are all really good ideas, so let's take them
phone me, surprisingly.
one at a time, shall we?
f I only know his name and nothing else. I I know only his
Christian OK. Well, for a start, I think they should raise the
name and nothing else.
price of cigarettes. That way young people would probably
5 smoke less.
Sophie We don't want them to smoke less. We want them not
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
to smoke at all. If it was up to me, I'd raise the smoking age
a early I on time to twenty.
b politely I correctly I naturally I normally I responsibly Christian Twenty? I'm not sure about that. You might stop
c quietly I politely I slowly young people from buying cigarettes, but if you did that,
d remembering people's names they would just get their older friends or even their parents
e the Earth is flat to buy cigarettes for them. They do that now, don't they?
f a famous writer Sophie That's true. What about banning advertising? Do you
think that would make a difference?
Speaking Part 3 Christian Yes, it might. Seeing pictures of good-looking
people smoking and looking happy must make smoking
1 This section practises Part 3 of the Speaking paper. This
very attractive to some young people.
consists of a two-way conversation between candidates,
Sophie Yeah, so if we stopped them from seeing those
during which they have to demonstrate not just their ability
images, it might help.
to speak but also manage to keep a conversation going.
Christian The other thing I think they should do is have an
ma advertising campaign to show people how smoking can
a Two minutes damage their health.
b They are on a committee which has been asked to come Sophie They've tried that before, haven't they, and they found
up with ideas for stopping young people from smoking. it didn't make much difference. It's like the health warnings
c (Written prompts) Suggestions and a question to answer. on cigarette packets which say things like 'Smoking kills'.
d Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the They don't seem to stop people smoking.
suggested ways of getting people to stop smoking. Christian You're right. I think they tried it with teenagers - and
teenagers do all kinds of things that damage their health -
Audioscript 1·13 and they don't seem to care. What they should do is have a
Examiner Now, I'd like you to talk about something together campaign in every primary school.
for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine that you are on Sophie You're probably right- it's definitely worth a try and
a committee which has been asked to come up with ideas we've got to try everything. Do you think providing people
for stopping young people from smoking. Here are some of with alternatives would be a good idea - such as patches
the suggestions and a question for you to discuss. First you that you stick on your arm or special chewing gum?
have some time to look at the task. Christian Anything's worth a try. Have you heard about
Now, talk to each other about the advantages and electronic cigarettes?
disadvantages of each suggestion. Sophie Yes, that's a really weird idea, isn't it?
Christian Yes, it is, but I know someone who tried them - and
2 it's worked quite well so far.
Examiner Thank you.
ma
a Yes, they talk about them all to some extent.
b Yes. The examples they give are: raising the permitted 3
age for smoking to 20; banning adverts which show
good-looking people smoking and looking happy; health
ma
a The candidates have to decide on two ideas which that
campaigns; putting health warnings on cigarette packets; would be most likely to succeed in stopping young people
offering medical alternatives such as patches that you stick from smoking.
on your arm or special chewing gum; electronic cigarettes. b one minute
c The examiner ends the discussion by saying 'thank you'.
Audioscript 1·15
Examiner Now you have about a minute to decide which
two ideas would be most likely to stop young people from
smoking.
29
4 6
mD ([D
They decide on a health campaign in primary schools, and a The expressions the candidates use are shown in bold in the
complete ban on cigarette advertising. audioscript below. See also the table for exercise 5.
1
(3D
from of in does because after 7 with
out
2
mD
2 1' 5 4 e 3
3
mD
no a little None of d plenty a few most of
a bit a piece
You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 91-92 for
this unit.
~J
0
u
Introduction women will be able to have children without them) What is
Alpha Centauri? (the star system that is closest to Earth)
1 Before you ask students to discuss the photos in pairs or small
groups, make sure they understand what is meant by'role' in POSSIBLE ANSWER
this exercise - i.e. you want them to think not just about what b A single-sex crew might miss the company of the opposite
relationship the people in each photo have with each other, sex and the distractions they can provide, and a single-sex
but also the position or purpose of each person within the environment would be very unnatural. A single-sex crew
relationship. What does each person expect of the other? Is may squabble without the balance provided by the other
the relationship equal or unequal? sex. There may be times when the women would benefit
If you think the students might not be able to easily identify from masculine thinking patterns, physical strength and so
the roles in the photos, elicit from or tell the class what each on. It would be boring being in a single-sex environment.
pair of people are meant to be. Note that the description Children need both sexes to influence their development.
given of these roles is from a Western-European cultural
perspective and may differ slightly in other social and cultural Exam practice: Multiple choice
, contexts. Just as the roles may differ in different social 2 This exercise involves reading for detail so allow plenty of
contexts, so might the extent to which they have changed in time for it. Before they begin, make sure students understand
recent years. the rubric and the multiple-choice questions. You may like
to check that the students understand the meaning of
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
these words: tensions (bad feelings between people); remote
Top left to right:
(distant I isolated), accomplish (finish); colonization (when a
Teacher and student: an unequal relationship based on trust
group of people settle in a new area); constraint (restriction);
within an educational setting, in which the teacher has a
adjust to (become accustomed to); sustain (keep going),
duty of care to the student; the teacher has an element of
monogamy (the practice of having only one wife or husband
authority over the student. .,
over a period of time); morals (ethics I socially acceptable
Parent and child: an unequal relationship based on deep love 0
ideas), far-fetched (unlikely). iD
and care; the parent has responsibility to care for the child. (/)
33
4 5
£!D ®1011:Jij#t:,1~!f.1Yi!W0
11 have b take ( have take e having f have This time next week I'll be sitting on the beach.
have I take b By this time next year I'll have finished my exams.
This time next year I'll be living in Spain.
Over to you In five years' time I'll have started up my own company.
~
Exam practk~: Open doze
I start I I'm starting 8 Ask students to read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps.
2 're having I 're going to have Check they understand it by asking these questions: Why is it
3 're going to start I 're starting I start likely that men will be taking a more active role in looking after
4 'II get up I 're going to get up the family in the future? (because more women will be going
5 leaves out to work) Why might the number of women in the workforce
'II stop soon overtake the number of men? (because many of the jobs
7 'II drive I 're going to drive that have disappeared since the last economic recession
8 'II take were traditionally held by male workers)
9 'II probably go
im:D
Hl 're catching on does has or will least such
11 'II send i\ who
12 Are you doing I Are you going to do
3 Over to you
s:nm1:01.nwmm 9
I'm going to check his I her mobile phone messages.
.'1J
I'm sorry, but I'm staying with my aunt and uncle then.
mDl
Students' own answers.
( I'll do the decorations if you like.
The traditional thinking is that women are better in the
caring professions - perhaps because they are used to
Future contii'U.llOU§ and future perfect acting in a motherly way.
4
~
2 3
34
listening Part 3 pageso Audioscript 1·19
You will hear five short extracts in which people are '
Pronundation talking about bringing up children. For questions 1-5, choose
from the list (A-H), what each speaker says. Use the letters
1 : only once. There are three extra letters which you do not
lt3ll need to use. You now have thirty seconds to look at Part 3.
adventurous conservative conventional I l I'd say that men and women are as good as each
unconventional extraordinary fashionable imaginative other at looking after children and loving them. I grew up
norrmal strange surprrising traditional unusual without my dad around. At the time it seemed normal ,
· enough, but now I have kids of my own, I realize that mothers ;
2 Students listen and check.
and fathers help us in different ways. As a dad myself, I know
Audioscript 1·18 there's a bond between children and their dads that's just as
adventurous conservative conventional important as having a mum around, and from experience I'd
unconventional extraordinary fashionable imaginative say that only a man can really do that job.
normal strange surprising traditional unusual If you're thinking about the day-to-day care of
: children, I'd say that fathers and mothers can be equally
3 Elicit from the class what the common theme in all the : successful. I know several families where the mother is the
photos is (parents I adults looking after children) before main breadwinner and the father looks after the kids - and it
asking them to do the task. Students should use the works perfectly well. But I'm sure that the physical relation
adjectives from 1 to describe the photos and their reactions : between a baby and its mother creates an emotional tie
to them and compare their ideas with a partner. Encourage which there's no substitute for, and of course this won't
them to consider the roles illustrated by the photos, as change because men will never be able to have children.
discussed at the beginning of this unit. Mothers and fathers are different and always will
be, but both are essential. It's far too much work for one
m;;@~$1hJYl4J~ti!@4;1
All the photos are of parents and their children. I really like person to look after a family on their own, so it's important '
for the father to help out right from the start. The key thing is
the first photo because everyone looks so relaxed. The first
to always put the interests of the children first. I know that I
and second photos are of fathers with their children, and
the other two are of mothers with their children. They all have a special relationship with them as a mum, but I can see
that my kids need their dads around, too.
show normal situations, rather conventional, although the ""'I
The idea that men are worse at looking after 0
man carrying the baby in the second photo may be a little
children is rubbish. Dads can do everything just as well as
ro
(f)
untraditional for some people.
mums. Women are only better at childcare because, at
4 Students' own answers.
the moment, they spend more time with their kids than
men do. It's like my mum - she doesn't understand how to
Exam practice: Multiple matching use email, but if she worked in an office like me she'd know
5 Direct students' attention to the Tip before they start the task exactly what to do - it's just a question of familiarity.
and remind them that it is essential to spend time reading 5 When I was a kid, my father made more effort
the instructions and options carefully. Check that they know to spend time with us than most fathers would have
how many options are not needed (three). The first time done, which wasn't what real men were supposed to do.
you play the recording, remind students to listen for general Whenever he wasn't at work, he dedicated all his time to
understanding and make a note of key words. Encourage me and my sisters. Other than my mum, people didn't really
them to make their first choice of answers before you recognize how special he was. My father wasn't like everyone
play the recording a second time. At the second listening, else, so people just ignored him. Nowadays, most men are
students should be listening out for the key words associated involved with their kids like he was.
with the options, especially the ones they are least sure
about. After the second listening, students should make their
6
final choice of answers. If they really don't know an answer,
they should make a guess; this is preferable to leaving an 4m
empty space on the answer sheet, which they should take a bond between children and their dads - an emotional
care never to do. connection
This bond may be different from the bond between
children and their mums because it is usually mums who
H A F c stay at home with children.
B, D and G are not used.
day-to-day care of children - looking after children in every
way, every day: feeding them, keeping them safe, getting
them up and ready for bed, nurturing them, changing their
clothes, nappies, etc.
35
, the main breadwinner - the person in the family who earns
Reading and Use of English
the most money
Yes, there can be other breadwinners. Part4
!l an emotional tie - a link between two people who have
feelings for each other Exam skills
Other ties: family, professional, cultural, economic
e he dedicated all his time to me and my sisters - he spent all
his time on I his main priority was the speaker and her
sisters one between two and five yes, it does
no, I can't
Vocabulary 2
mD imB
WORK get used to
have an ongoing, positive effect ;: is believed to have caused
~ more expensive to rent
::! function
doing jobs have given up
b KEY ;; it was I were up to me
most important not bring it up
button (on a keyboard)
3 set of answers Speaking Part 2
c INTEREST
1 In Part 2 of the Speaking exam, students have to talk for an
which are attractive
extended length of time (one minute) and demonstrate their
rates at which money increases
ability to 'organize a larger unit of discourse'. Preparation is
rights I concerns
one of the keys to success here, and this section is designed
d EXPERIENCE
to give students practice in preparing and organizing their
occasion I event I happening
ideas. To give some initial help with assisting students to
knowledge I skill gained through doing something for a
organize their ideas about these two workplace photographs,
period of time in the past
you could put a list up on the board of things to consider
::; practice I doing things
in relation to different types of job and workplace - e.g.
MAKE UP
surroundings, routines, colleagues, bosses, breaks and meal
reconcile I make peace I forgive and forget
times, working hours, stress, job satisfaction, etc
2 invent I think up I fabricate
comprise I form 2 Students listen and compare their ideas to the audioscript.
4 Students' own answers.
Audioscript 1·20 Writing Part 1 pa9es4
El(amiWl:!t' In this part of the test, I'm going to give each of you
two photographs. I'd like you to talk about your photographs Think ahead
on your own for about a minute, and also to answer a
question about your partner's photographs. Claudia, it's your
turn first. Here are your photographs. They show two offices. £!D
I'd like you to compare the photographs and say how you a Role models are most often people famous in their own
think the relationships are different in the two offices. All field, like singers, actors and actresses, sport stars or even
right? scientists or politicians. They can also be older public
Cim£iliii: In this picture all the employees are sitting at their figures (like Nelson Mandela) or people who have achieved
own computers, so they almost certainly can't see each great things or made great sacrifices.
other. This probably means that they don't talk to each other b Role models have status, personality traits, etc. that others
very often except in their breaks. It looks like a very big office aspire to. They act as examples to show others what is
maybe with hundreds of employees, so it could be a call possible. They can inspire people, particularly if they are
centre of some kind. In this picture the manager may work ordinary people rather than people who were born into a
in a separate office so the chances are he or she is quite privileged position.
remote from the staff. He or she may not even know all the
employees' names, but probably has to check regularly how Exam skill§
hard they are working. By contrast, the other picture shows
a small open office with just a few employees. I should think 2
; that these employees have good relationships with each
' other and you can see that they all look quite happy. Their
mD
A topic sentence: has a clear topic; interests the reader;
manager may be in this office, but you can't tell who it is. I'd
expresses the main idea(s) of the paragraph; is a full
say he or she knows the names of all the staff, and probably
sentence.
doesn't need to check how hard they're working. In offices
r, Sentence 2 gives an explanation; sentence 3 adds
, like these I imagine it's possible to have regular meetings so
information.
· that problems and difficulties can be sorted out before they
get worse. 3
~::amii!i:;r Thank you. Kostas, which of these places would you ...,
prefer to work in? Why? ~ 0
Not a clear topic - sensitive to or about what? ii)
I'd much rather work in the office on the right U1
An improved version might be: Parents need to be sensitive,
, because everyone looks so happy and relaxed. I guess the
especially in situations where they believe their children have
atmosphere in the other office might be very tense. I think
chosen unsuitable role models.
i I'd find this office quite a stressful place to work in. I think it's
Not a full sentence.
: probably a call centre and these places have a bad reputation
An improved version might be: It has been claimed that the
· as places to work. I know from experience that I work better
period from the early 7970s to 2000 is one which witnessed
if I'm relaxed. I'm also quite a sociable person, so I'd enjoy the
the end of the traditional family.
social side of any job I did. I think it would be easier to make
friends with colleagues in this office. 4
~i.t@1"'fh1mM:.t1~~
3 Many celebrities owe their position more to good luck than
mD to recognizable talent.
?J almost certainly probably looks like could be If we want our diildren to become responsible adults, we
the chances are I'd say I imagine I guess should make sure they have clear rights and responsibilities
from an early age.
Exam priildke: long turn Most people today would agree that parents have the prime
4 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they start the task. responsibility for the bringing up of children.
Teachers should have a good knowledge of their subject, as
Remind them that it should be easier to speak continuously
well as having an understanding of the processes by which
because they have prepared well and should have a clear list
children learn.
in their heads of the different things they want to say and
points they have to make. Giving examples and supporting
5
evidence for each point will help to extend their speaking
time. tlm
1 h 2 e a b g d c f
37
6 2
OD (3D
for instance; however; the result of this; in the end; to begin will retire I will be retiring
with; in addition 'm going to cycle I 'II be cycling
'II lend you
Linking words d leaves
will have worked I will have been working
7 Are you doing
@1>11:)$j41~!0·$@ijat!i 'II have moved; 'II be living
For instance: for example
3
However: despite this; in spite of this
The result of this: as a result; because of this lliD
In the end: ultimately a brought up
To begin with: firstly; for a start; to start with b brings back
In addition: also; as well as this; furthermore what is more, bring round
bring about
8 '' brought up
ff.llllJ,i>ii:U@'l'Jru:@!ffiB You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 93-94 for
For example, if they see their role models behaving badly, this unit.
they may be tempted to imitate their behaviour. What is
more, they may persuade their friends to act in the same
way.
To begin with, they are usually well-educated and take their
subject seriously. In addition, they are keen to help other
people. In the end, however, they can only be successful if
U)
their students are willing to learn.
~
0 For instance, a famous person who earns millions but has
'--
no talent is not the best person to be a child's role model.
However, there are undoubtedly some celebrities who have
talent, and they may make good role models.
Unit 4 Review
1
([D
was suggested (that) I look I looked I should look
been reports of clashes between
couldn't get used to
's bound to get
S is believed to be responsible
'm unlikely to be I arrive on
6 F: The tourist is me. I feel no shame.
Introduction
7 B: Looking down on tourists is snobbery ... And it infuriates
1 What these photos have in common is that the cultural
me.
references in them are not unique to one particular country.
8 D: with some initial reluctance, villagers embraced the
For example, even though the people in the bottom-right
tourism development- going to work in the new hotel,
photo are eating sushi, we can't be sure the photo was taken
opening guest rooms of their own and running pleasure trips
in Japan because sushi restaurants are found globally. As
in their fishing boats.
a result, we can't say with any certainty where each of the
9 C: But if they didn't wander off to unexplored spots, and write
photos was taken.
and talk about it on their return, the rest of us would be in
ignorance. Some readers were inspired to follow.
Reading and Use of English 10 A: ... the most noxious is the tourist ... I sense heads nodding.
39
before they arrived; it was an earlier past event than their Encourage them to make a note of any common word
arrival. combinations they associate with the given word.
b In the first situation the presents have been bought -
(3D
the shopping happened at some time in the past and is
has been unemployed for
finished. In the second situation the process of shopping
n't been abroad since last
began in the past but is still going on in the present.
3 been ages since I
In the first situation the speaker was in the process of
had just set off
crossing the road when he I she saw Adam. In the second
leave until she had locked
situation the speaker saw Adam and decided to cross the
Ii to get away for
road (to avoid I meet him).
d In the first situation the passport application is complete
and was finished 'last night'. In the second situation she Reading and Use of English
was in the process of filling out the passport application
'last night' (when something else probably happened).
Pa rt 3 pa!Jeu2
e In the first situation he is no longer a travel agent, but in
the past he had been a travel agent for a period of two Think ahead
years. In the second situation he started working as a travel 1 Students' own answers.
agent two years ago and is still working as a travel agent.
4 Ask students to read the text, ignoring the gaps. Check Examskms
that they understand by asking these questions: What
news had the man just heard? (his wife had just had a baby)
2
Where did he live? (Newcastle) Where was the train he caught ~
going to? (Edinburgh) Why was the man upset? (it didn't stop a dissatisfied (Note: dissatisfied refers to people being
QJ in Newcastle) How did he get off in Newcastle? (the driver unhappy, frustrated or disappointed with a situation,
I~u
slowed down and the ticket collector lowered him onto the person or thing, while unsatisfied refers to the feeling
platform) What did the guard at the back of the train do? (he of needing more and can apply to abstract concepts.);
-o pulled the man back on to the train because he thought he unsuitable; irregular; impatient; inadequate; inexpensive
I i6 was trying to catch it) inappropriate; uncomfortable; incorrect; unimportant; illegal;
CJ.) immoral; disobedient; irresponsible; unsuccessful; unsuitable
> ~
ro It is often possible to form the opposite of adjectives, or
'-
_,_, had just had 7 had made
give the negative meaning of an adjective, by adding a
was working refused
negative prefix. However, there are no set grammatical
lived held
rules as to which group of prefixes work with which
4 heard dropped
adjectives; students need to familiarize themselves with
was sitting looked
which prefixes work with which adjectives through use
was going missed
and exposure.
The most common negative prefixes used with adjectives
Vocabulary are dis-, ii-, im-, in-, ir- and un-. Others that are quite
common are a-, anti-, counter-, ma/- and non-.
Travel phrasai verb$ The prefixes im-, ii- and ir- are, in fact, a variety of in and
there are certain 'rules' that often apply as to when to use
1 im-, ir- or if-. The rules are not set rules:
• im- before words beginning with m or p, e.g. impersonal,
OD immortal
a3 5 6 e 2 f 4
·ii- before words beginning with /,e.g. illegal
2 • ir- with words beginning with r, e.g. irregular
Most compounds with non- are written with a hyphen in
~ British English, but not so in American English, e.g. non-
set off checked in see (you) off takes off
alcoholic (British English) and nonalcoholic (American
e pick (a friend) up f stop over
English).
Over to you "~·"'"'""' It was among the worst, certainly. But there
4 Students' own answers. ' have been many others. I had dried bat once when I was in
. the Pacific; that wasn't very nice, either - dry and leathery! It
: wasn't so much the taste, which was bad enough, but the
Ustening Part 4 page63 , fact that it was almost impossible to swallow. But I think top
of the list is probably snake blood, which was served to me
Think ahead . at a meal in Thailand.
,.~,,,,,,,,,,,,e;,1 What makes something repulsive to eat?
1
''"'"'"'"m. If I can see what it actually is, it's worse. If I am
@Q.'.@l>"f1M~:ZW.l!Athfi3 obviously eating a part of an animal which is recognizable
Oysters: chewy, hard, slimy, slippery, smooth, soft as such, then that makes it harder to eat. If what is on your
Avocados: creamy, oily, slippery, soft, squishy plate is an eyeball, then you can't pretend that you are eating
Honey: gooey, smooth, sticky something else. For some people smell is the most important
Oranges: juicy, slippery, smooth, squishy factor, but I don't have a very good sense of smell, fortunately,
Locusts: crispy, crunchy, dry, hard, oily and yes, taste is important as well. I once ate raw turtle eggs.
2 Students' own answers. They were fishy, in an extremely unpleasant way.
"1·"''"'"""'"'' So what advice would you give to someone in a
Exam pradke~ Multiple choke i situation where something is put in front of them that they
. don't want to eat?
3 Encourage students to read carefully through the questions
I'd say: one, don't not eat it. You need to be
and compare the three options before you play the
polite. It could be one of their national dishes. Two, take it
recording. Read the Tip with the class so that students
easy; eat too fast and you might find that you get some more.
remember to make a note of the options they think are
possible and eliminate those they decide are definitely not
And, three, pretend you're eating something you like.
I have to say that I found your book very
.
r-r
O.J
<
possible the first time they listen. (])
amusing. From the title I thought it was going to be some
{3D sort of medical textbook, so I was pleasantly surprised. Is O.J
::J
·1 B 2 A B c c A B there another book in the pipeline? 0...
n
Yes, but the next one will be totally different. c
Audioscript 1·21 ;:::;::
. My editor wanted me to do a follow-up - again, based on my c--;
You will hear a man talking about his experiences of experiences; things that almost led to diplomatic incidents. (])
eating in other countries. For questions 1-7, choose the best And I had thought about doing a sort of guide book for
answer (A, B or C).You now have one minute to look at Part 4. businessmen who travel abroad - etiquette in different
W1°t"31mi0wc~w This afternoon we have in the studio John countries; but I've recently become interested in the origins
Reginald, a former diplomat and now a full-time writer. His and rationale behind the consumption of food in different
first book, an autobiography, has the title A Strong Stomach. countries, so that's what it'll be about.
Why this title, John 7
fa!m Well, food really can be a tricky issue. Obviously,
as a diplomat you attend many official dinners and you have Over to you
to learn to negotiate your way through a minefield of rules 4 Students' own answers.
of etiquette - what is acceptable in one culture can be quite
inappropriate in another. But the main thing I discovered
very early on is that basically you really have to be prepared Vocabulary page64
to eat whatever is set in front of you. And, believe me, this
does sometimes necessitate having a strong stomach, hence Think aheaid
the title. 1 When students have read the text, check that they
'"'""'''"'.''·"'M Can you give us some examples? understand the meaning of etiquette (an acceptable way of
The one that springs to mind happened at my behaving).
first official dinner when I was in the Middle East. The main
~
It is not acceptable to leave even a tiny amount of rice in
your bowl.
Words often confused imD
<i learning a language
2 backpacking
working as an au pair
ma
dishes; pair; raises
: Audioscript 1·22
Example sentences:
Now, I'd like you to talk about something together
These plates haven't been washed properly; they're still dirty.
for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine that your
There were only a few couples on the dance-floor.
. teacher has asked you for your ideas on different ways of
The tide rises twice a day.
getting to know a country and its culture. Here are some of
3 the ways of getting to know a country and its culture and a
, question for you to discuss. First you have some time to look
aD · at the task.
recipe Ii fast c junk d tap; still savoury cook Now, talk to each other about how much you can learn
menu; list about a country and its culture from these experiences.
Shall I start?
Extreme adjectives ~ Yes, if you like.
Personally, I think you can probably learn quite
4 a lot about a country if you're doing voluntary work there.
~ You're likely to be working alongside local people for a
tiny
I guess so, but I'm not sure how much you'd learn
t?m1fi;111.n:tf'!.t
5 about the country. You'd probably be working with poor
tmD people or disadvantaged people. They're not representative
amazed: surprised freezing: cold of the whole country.
boiling: hot furious: angry ; (<1miida~e A Yes, that's a good point. OK, let's move on to
delicious: tasty hilarious: funny sightseeing.
delighted: pleased huge: big If you ask me, I believe you can get a good
iJ
exhausted: tired spotless: clean general impression of the history of a country from
ll
>
;J
filthy: dirty terrified: scared . sightseeing 'cos you're seeing lots of historical monuments.
::; Do you agree?
6 [am!idate Yeah, and you usually have a guide who tells you
. all about the history, too. But you don't really get to meet the
mD
a boiling II big ( spotless d angry; hilarious . people, do you7
e delighted delicious B No, you're right. 'Cos you're usually in a big group ,
of people from your own country. Learning a language?
Over to you ... In my opinion you can learn a lot about a country from
learning a language. For a start, if you know a language you
7 Students' own answers. ' can communicate with the people. I don't think you can
really know a country if you don't speak the language. What
Speaking Parts 3 & 4 page6s do you think?
I agree.
Think ahead Au pair? I'm not sure I know what an au pair is ...
It's someone who goes to live in a country so
1 Students' own answers.
they can study the language. They stay with a family and look
2 This task is another example of Part 3 of the Speaking exam. . after the children and in exchange they get their food and
Before students listen to the recording, you might want accommodation and time off to go to classes.
to check they understand the following: voluntary work tzm::J!(la:t" S Ah, right. Well, I'd say you could learn a lot
(working for a charitable organization without being paid); through doing that You'd be living with a typical family,
backpacking (type of low-budget travel using a backpack or seeing how they live and improving your language ...
other luggage that is easily carried across long distances or Not necessarily. They could be recent immigrants
for long periods of time; travellers usually travel for longer and speak their own language all the time.
than a standard two- or three-week holiday, do things Ohl I suppose so. Right, the last one,
cheaply and try to experience 'real' local life rather than , backpacking. Have you ever done that abroad7
behave like a tourist). ; Yes, I backpacked around Asia for six months a
few years ago.
Candidate B And did you learn a lot about the countries you Candidate A Yes. So we've got three left to choose from.
visited? Personally, I'd choose learning a language and backpacking.
Candidate A Yeah, quite a lot. You tend to use public transport Candidate B I'd agree with you on learning a language, but I'd
so you get to meet ordinary people and you can take have to disagree with you on backpacking.
your time to look around places. But if you don't speak the Candidate A Would you? Why?
language - as I didn't - then the experience is limited. Candidate B Because, as you said, if you don't speak the
Examiner Thank you. language then you can't really communicate with the people.
Candidate A Why would you choose working as an au pair?
3 Candidate B Well, I know you said that you might end up
working with recent immigrants, but I'm sure you'd be able to
OD change families if that happened.
Giving an (Personally) I think ... ; If you ask me ... ; Candidate A That's very true. I take your point.
opinion I believe ...; In my opinion ... ; Well, I'd say ... Candidate B Shall we agree on learning a language and
working as an au pair, then?
Asking for an Do you agree? What do you think?
Candidate A OK, you've convinced me.
opinion
Examiner Thank you.
Agreeing with I guess so; Yes, that's a good point; Yeah; No,
an opinion you're right; I agree; Ah, right; I suppose so;
7
Yes
Disagreeing Not necessarily OD
with an opinion Giving an Personally, I'd ...
opinion
4
Asking for an Would you? Why? Why would you ... ?
c:
OD opinion Shall we agree ... ? ::I
;:::;.:
Agreeing with Absolutely!; I agree with you up to a point; Agreeing with I think we more or less agreed; I think we (J1
Disagreeing I don't know about that; Sorry, but I have to I'd agree with you on ... ; That's very true; QJ
43
make sure they back up any opinions or suggestions with 5
reasons and examples.
10 Students' own answers.
ma
a view: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, depressing,
dismal, dreadful, gorgeous, sensational, stunning, terrible
b a journey: appalling, boring, dreary, interesting,
Writing Part 2 - Review page6li
sensational, tedious, terrible
food: appalling, awful, disgusting, dreadful, excellent,
interesting, sensational, tasteless, terrible, vile
il:m the service in a restaurant: appalling, awful, brilliant,
You have to describe and provide factual information about
dreadful, excellent, poor, terrible
a hotel or guest house in your town so as to inform readers.
You also need to evaluate whether it is a good place to stay
at or not. This means you will look at positive and negative
Compound adjectives
points and provide a recommendation. 6
2 ~
four-storey; family-run
'3D
Positive points: it has the advantage of being just a short 7
walk away from most of the important visitor attractions;
all the rooms have central heating and air-conditioning (it fl3D
mentions also that air-conditioning is essential in summer); a three-course meal (Note: in compound adjectives with
the delicious typical Turkish breakfast; amazing views of the numbers the noun is in the singular and there are no
Bosphorus river; the friendly welcome apostrophes.)
Negative points: if you are travelling on your own you will a five-minute walk
need to book well in advance if you want a single room; a no- I non-smoking restaurant
Luxurious it isn't; steep stairs (and no lift) overpriced food
Situated in the historic district of Sultanahmed, Turkey; handmade goods
four-storey guest house; family-run; offers a variety of centrally-heated rooms
accommodation; need to book well in advance if you want g locally-caught fish
a single room; all the rooms have central heating and a tree-lined boulevard
air-conditioning; typical Turkish breakfast consists of eggs, an all-inclusive price
cold meats, tomatoes and olives; breakfast is between 8 a conveniently-situated hotel
and 10 a.m.; the kitchen is on the top floor, where you have
amazing views of the Bosphorus river; steep stairs; no lift language of recommendation
Yes, they have.
Students' own answers.
8
'3D
3 The first sentence: It is easy to see why the Blue Mosque Guest
(3D House is a popular place for tourists to stay ...
Adjectives: easy, popular, historic, short, important, four-storey,
9
family-run, single, best, delicious, typical, cold, Turkish, top,
amazing, luxurious, steep, friendly lfiW...i®JMr.>i!mM
Amazing could be replaced by: fantastic, wonderful, a package holiday: I wouldn't recommend a package
stunning, breathtaking holiday if you like doing your own thing on holiday, but
otherwise I would say they are good value for money.
Eva~uative adjectives b a city: I recommend (name of a city), not only for its
beautiful botanic gardens but also because there are so
4 many wonderful outdoor sculptures.
t a car: I wholeheartedly recommend an electric car as a way
~
Positive: awesome, beautiful, breathtaking, brilliant, excellent, to decrease your 'carbon footprint' on the environment.
gorgeous, interesting, sensational, stunning an airline: I definitely would not recommend a budget
Negative: appalling, awful, boring, depressing, disgusting, airline, because it packs the people in.
dismal, dreadful, dreary, foul, poor, tasteless, tedious, terrible,
vile
10
an
a hotel: airport shuttle; amenities; check-in I out; en-suite;
room service; single I twin I double room
a restaurant: a la carte menu; book a table; buffet; dessert;
house speciality; self-service; set menu; wine list
both: complimentary; make a reservation; staff
11 Students' own answers.
Unit 5 Review
1
an rt-
-,
1 where 2 who 3 were 4 as 5 well 6 there OJ
7 but I whereas I while I whilst 8 of <
CD
OJ
2 ::i
0..
an n
c
;::;::
a 1 hadn't rung c
2 got
...,
CD
3 rushed
4 had left
5 found
6 was lying
7 had packed
b 1 have ever ridden
2 sat
3 seemed
c 1 happened
2 was travelling
3 was driving
4 was listening
5 was lying
6 had crashed
3
an
a over b up c in d off e off f off
You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 95-96 for
this unit.
45
f ',v';, 'l
Introduction Social class: this should not influence your success but does
in fact often have an influence.
1 Before students attempt the task, check that they understand
Upbringing: this influences one's sense of identity and
what is meant by IQ and EQ. You can tell them the term
confidence, so it can influence success.
IQ, standing for intelligent quotient, was originally coined
Wealth: like social class, this should not be a factor in success
by the German psychologist William Stern in the 1890s. He
but sometimes is.
had the idea that it might be possible to find a standard
for measuring and quantifying human intelligence, and
helped to develop the first IQ tests in the early 20th century.
Exam practice: Sentence completion
Nowadays, there are a number of widely recognized IQ 2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task.
tests in use, although their validity and usefulness are not Encourage students to take the time to read through the
universally accepted. text carefully before you play the recording to get a good
understanding of the subject matter and to predict the
The idea of emotional intelligence, or EQ, is a much more
sort of information they need to listen for to complete the
recent one, which only began to appear in the late 1980s.
missing phrases.
It is defined as social intelligence - a person's ability to
manage their own emotions and interpret and respond OD
to the emotions of others. Some people have claimed 1 just as important as 6 teenagers.
that emotional intelligence is as important as intellectual 2 successful 7 higher IQ scores.
intelligence, particularly in areas such as management and 3 emotional self-control. 8 optimism.
leadership, where it is needed in order to get the best out of 4 two sweets. 9 recruiting and training
people. 5 a third 10 pessimistic I pessimists
OD Audioscript 1·25
a ii (there are three shapes which are repeated; however, in
Narrator You will hear part of a radio programme about
the second sequence they are mirrored)
factors which determine success. For questions 1-10,
b Kate is the richest. (Mark and Ann are equal. They are both complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. You
poorer than Kate and richer than Jack; however, Jack is also
now have forty-five seconds to look at Part 2.
poorer than Kate.)
Radio DJ The idea that thinking is superior to feeling is an
c&d Students' own answers.
attitude that many psychologists today would consider
2 Students' own answers. out-of-date. They would argue that emotional intelligence
is just as important as IQ when determining a person's
overall success. Let me give you two examples of research
Listening Part 2 which backs up this theory. When ninety-five graduates
from Harvard University were followed into middle age,
Think ahead the men with the highest intelligence test scores in college
1 Encourage students to think of positive and negative were not found to be particularly successful - in terms of
influences. For example, a caring upbringing may lead to salary, productivity or status - compared with those who
confidence in later life. However, indifferent parents who had scored lower. IQ, it would seem, contributes only about
don't seem very interested in their child's progress and 20% to the factors that determine life success, leaving 80%
development may cause low self-esteem and a tendency to to other forces. So, what are these other forces? Peter Salovey
fail. of Yale University would argue that emotional self-control
POSSIBLE ANSWERS is one of the most important. He conducted an experiment
Character: personality and character will obviously influence with a class of four-year-olds. He gave each of them a sweet,
a person's choices in life and their ability to get on with other and told them they could eat it immediately. However, if
people and succeed. they could resist eating the sweet until the experimenter
Education: standard of education is a factor in whether or not came back into the classroom, he would then give them two
you get certain jobs, and this could have a direct influence on sweets.
your success. How you use your education is most important. For what seemed like an endless 15 minutes, most of the
Intelligence: it depends on what kind of success in what kind children waited. However, about a third of the children were
of work you seek. unable to wait. They grabbed the sweet almost immediately
after the experimenter left the room.
46
When the same children were followed up as teenagers, 3
those who at four had been able to resist temptation mD
were, as adolescents, more socially competent, self-reliant, at remembering I at memorizing
dependable and confident. They also had dramatically higher of memorizing I of remembering
scores on IQ tests. However, those who at four had been in improving
unable to resist temptation were more indecisive, more about having
socially isolated and less confident. This experiment suggests for reminding
that emotional self-control is an important contributor to
intellectual potential, quite apart from IQ itself. Another 4
ability that can determine not just academic but job success
m1'.1i:JJ1m~ti!4i>J.il
is optimism. In a study of insurance salesmen, psychologist be mad about, adore, love, enjoy, be keen on, be interested
Martin Seligman, showed the relation between optimism and in, like, dislike, have an aversion to, can't stand, can't bear,
high work performance. Selling insurance is a difficult job and detest, hate, loathe
three quarters of insurance salesmen leave in their first three
5 Students' own answers.
years. Given the high costs of recruiting and training, the
emotional state of new employees has become an economic
issue for insurance companies. Selig man's study found that Gerunds and mnfinit~ves
new salesmen who were natural optimists sold much more
6
than salesmen who were pessimists, and were much less
likely to leave in the first year. Why? Because pessimists ~
think failures are due to some permanent characteristic in <l to catch to meet c changing ii to be e losing
themselves that they cannot change, whereas optimists to play to lend Ii driving to understand j to buy
believe they are due to something temporary that can be
7
changed. They believe they can succeed next time round.
mi1l
A2, 81 A2,B1 A 1, B2 d A2, B1
Over to you
3 Students' own answers. 8
~
Personal qualities a to buy
to announce
4 opening
«m fidgeting I playing I reading I whispering, etc.
Positive: confident (confidence); dependable (dependability); agreeing
self-reliant (self-reliance) eating
Negative: indecisive (indecision, indecisiveness); pessimistic leaving
(pessimism)
Exam practice: Key word transformation
5
9 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task.
mD Si
indecisive confidence [ self-reliant dependable
can't stand people interrupting
e Pessimists
arriving on I in time
n't good at remembering; no good at remembering
Grammar p~gen arranged to meet John I him
couldn't afford to go
Gerunds regrets not finishing
£rD
thinking 1; feeling 2, 4 il eating 3 selling 1 Exam practke: Collaborative task
rl recruiting and training 4 1 Before students look at the task, elicit some ideas from the
class about common causes of stress in adults and young
2 adults (having too much to do; fear of failure; social pressure
~ to look or behave in a certain way) and why stress is bad for
Having Remembering Repeating I Saying you (it can affect sleep patterns; cause health problems such
Writing Forgetting
as headaches, digestive problems, high blood pressure, etc.;
them. Just to give a few examples: people work and sleep at
can encourage people to use substances such as tobacco
different times, so there is bound to be conflict here; some
and alcohol; and generally has a negative effect on quality of
people don't think of their neighbours and play loud music
life) Remind students that this Part 3 task is a collaborative
or have their televisions up too high, and because the
one and they will be judged on their ability to manage
walls of most modern buildings are quite thin you can hear
interaction as much as what they actually say, so they should
everything.
make sure they listen to their partner and respond to his or
Maria, do you think people today are more or less
her ideas and suggestions.
'. stressed than they were in the past?
That's difficult to say. I think people today think that
Audioscript 1·26
they are more stressed than people were in the past, yes, but
Now I'd like you to talk about something together
whether they are or not is another matter.
for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine that the
. There was an interesting programme on TV where a
principal of your college has asked you to give a talk to the
family lived life for a couple of months as they would have
other students on the best ways to relieve stress. Here are
lived it in the 1940s. I can remember being surprised that at
' some activities people do to relieve stress and a question for
the end of the se1·ies the woman said she found modern life
you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task.
more stressful than life in the 1940s. She said it was because
Now, talk to each other about how effective each of the
women had a simpler role in life then - to be wives, mothers
activities is in relieving stress.
and housewives. Nowadays, they have to be all those
2 Students' own answers. things, not to mention work as well.
I agree, but I think one of the main reasons why
Exam skills people feel more stressed today is because society is more
materialistic People want more things. Things cost money.
3 In order to make more money you have to work more.
That means you have less time to do the other things you
ma either want to do or have to do. And that is what makes you
Candidate A: many cities are huge; commuting on
stressed.
crowded trains and buses; traffic jams in cars; worrying
Also, I think technology has made life today more
about getting to work on time
, stressful. In the past people worked a nine-to-five job and
Candidate B: tensions due to living close to each other, e.g.
: then went home and switched off But nowadays, if you work
working at different times; noise pollution
in business, for example, you are on call almost twenty-four
b Candidate A: materialistic society is causing people to work
hours a day, and even when you are on holiday you are
more and more for the things they want; not doing the
expected to check your emails.
things you want or have to do enough
Is it always a good thing to be relaxed? Can you
Candidate B: multitasking for women; technology causing
think of any occasions when it might be a bad thing to be
you to work all the time
too relaxed? Pierre?
Candidate A: cannot be too relaxed in certain jobs,
Too relaxed? Hmm ..
e.g. pilots at take-off and landing, surgeons, air traffic
Maria?
controllers; cannot be too relaxed when driving
Well, you can't be too relaxed in certain jobs, at
Candidate 8: should not be too relaxed during an interview
least not all of the time. For example, pilots need to be
Audioscript 1·27 alert during take-off and landing. They can be relaxed the
Do you agree that living in a city is more stressful rest of the flight unless something happens and there is an
than living in the country? emergency, of course. In fact, there are many jobs where
I've never actually lived in the country, but I imagine it you can be relaxed a lot of the time but need to be alert and
would be. concentrating hard at other times: surgeons, for instance,
Why? and air traffic controllers. Not only are people's lives in their
Well, for several reasons: first of all, because many cities hands but also, in the case of pilots, their own lives, too.
nowadays are huge, people spend a lot of time just getting It's not a good idea to be too relaxed during an
to and from their workplace. This is stressful as they usually interview either because you might give the impression that
have to travel on crowded trains or buses, or if they go by you don't really care if you get the job or not
car, they may spend hours stuck in traffic jams. They can And we mustn't forget about when people are
i never be sure that they will get to work on time so this driving. I heard that most accidents happen when people are
' makes their daily commute to work stressful. driving near their homes. Because they are familiar with the
Do you agree, Pierre 7 route, they are too relaxed and not paying enough attention
Yes, I do. And apart from the reasons that Maria gave I'd to the road and that's when accidents happen.
also like to add that, since people live much closer together
in cities, there is a greater possibility of tension between
4 7
mD ~
for several reasons; because The linked words in exercise 6 work together as expressions
as while the words in exercise 7 are each important in defining
since the vocabulary in one way or another In fast natural speech
not to mention we link words together when a word ending in a consonant is
f; one of the main reasons why followed by a word which begins with a vowel. Note:
Also , In the word 'one; the final 'e' is silent, so effectively the word
For example ends in a consonant.
h for instance • In a word ending in 'r; for example 'far' and 'mother; the
Not only; but also 'r' is not pronounced except when the next word begins
forget about with a vowel, when it is pronounced to link the two words
together. For example: My mother and father are in their
fifties.
8
m:a
First of all, because many cities nowadays are huge,
people spend a lot of time just getting to and from their
workplace.
b People work and sleep at different times so there is bound
to be conflict here.
Audioscript 1·30
First of all, because many cities nowadays are huge, people
spend a lot of time just getting to and from their workplace.
People work and sleep at different times, so there is bound
Cm:didEn"~e i:l to be conflict here.
stressful.
(21ndidate For example, pilots need to be alert during take-
off and landing. Exam practke: Discussion
A In fact, there are many jobs where you can 9 Read the Tip with the class before students start on the task.
be relaxed a lot of the time but need to be alert and Remind students that in Part 4 of the Speaking paper, the
concentrating hard at other times: surgeons, for instance, examiner is looking for evidence that the candidates can
and air traffic controllers. express and justify their opinions, agree and disagree with
Not only are people's lives in their hands but also, other people's ideas and speculate. Encourage them to use
in the case of pilots, their own lives, too. the language from 5 to do this, particularly any expressions
'"'c"""'"' A And we mustn't forget about when people are which they hadn't encountered before or don't normally use
very often.
Audioscript 1-31
5
E11aro1ii1e~
Which do you think would be more stressful -
OD being self-employed or working in a large company?
a reason: for several reasons, because, as, one of the main What could companies do to make work and the workplace
reasons, since more relaxing for their employees?
an example: for example, for instance What kind of holiday would you find stressful?
( additional information: not to mention, also, not only ... but
also, ... and we mustn't forget about
Reading and Use of English
PrornJndation
6 Before students listen, you might want to play the recording
Part 6 page74
again and have students listen to how but also and for
example are pronounced. Exam skms
1 This activity helps to raise students' awareness of how
pronouns are used to create cohesion in a longer text After
forget about not only one of they have completed the task, tell students that being able
to link pronouns back to the subject to which they refer is an
important reading skill and one which will be of particular 6
help with the gapped reading task in Part 6 of the Reading
and Use of English paper.
OD
argue passionately sleep soundly
im drink heavily think hard
He refers to Volker Sommer. listen attentively work hard
There refers to Nigeria's Gashaka Gumti national park.
The former refers to the chimpanzees. 7
The latter refers to sticks. ~
His refers to Volker Sommer. <! performing acquire say making chosen
Their refers to the ants. f made
This refers to the behaviour of the ants, i.e. biting to defend
8 Check students understand the meaning of put your foot in it
their colony.
(to say or do something that upsets, offends or embarrasses
They refers to the chimpanzees.
someone).
i~
make a decision make a profit
'~ Vocabulary make an effort make progress
do exercises do research
make fun of sb make sb an offer
Think ahead
make a fuss make a suggestion
1 Students' own answers. do the housework make trouble
2 do a job do your best
C!@l.$WOOl@M#WJ@ 10
De-stress, eat healthy food and don't eat for at least two
~
hours before you go to bed, drink hot milk before you go to
does b making made I make I were making
bed, have a warm bath before going to bed, try to think of
makes I is making
restful things as you fall asleep, do enough exercise so that
you feel tired at night, etc. 11
3 Students' own answers.
an
Eight
Collocations
4 Exam pr~u.:tke~ Mult~ple-choke do:ze
~ 12
1 soundly face deepest
~
5 1 C D A B c B
4 2
sm «m
Capital letters for the first letter of a first, middle and last :m to post clearing dealing; to work d to say
name: John Paul Getty Jr. using to get g meeting 11 moving
Two commas to show additional information.
Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished.
3
Capital letter for the first letter of a sentence to show that it ~
is a new sentence. a soundly b strong; strong c severe !l make heavy
Capital letter for the first letter of the name of the day of came up with strong
the week: Saturday. You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 97-98 for
Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished. this unit
Comma to indicate a pause after Not surprisingly.
d Colon to show that a list is following to further clarify the
point made in the first part of the sentence.
Commas to separate the different words in the list.
Capital letters for the first letters of key words which name
something like a film or a prize: Slumdog Millionaire; Oscars.
Capital letter for the first word of a new sentence: It ...
Apostrophe to replace the letter i in the contraction It's
(It is).
Comma to separate the two different parts of the sentence.
Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished.
51
Introduction Grammar
1 This discussion is based on the students' own answers.
Encourage the students to make comparisons between Passive verbs
themselves and how they spend their free time and the 1 Encourage the students to refer to the appropriate section of
people and activities shown in the pictures. the Grammar reference on page 167 to help them with the
2 Students' own answers. following tasks.
OD
Reading and Use of English a is being created: passive; present continuous
b are offered: passive; present simple
Parts c will be changed: passive; future simple, will future
d are losing: active; present continuous
Think ahead e have been blamed: passive; present perfect simple
1 & 2 Students' own answers. f are sent back: passive; present simple
2
Exam practice: Multiple choice
3 Ask the students to read the text quickly before they begin OD
The passive is formed with be in the appropriate tense
the task. Check they have understood the main ideas by
(present, past, etc.) and the past participle of the main verb.
Q) asking: What does 'weisure' mean? (it's a combination of the
E words 'work' and 'leisure; reflecting the fact that people mix
3
Q) the two much more than in the past) How has technology
Q)
'-- contributed to weisure? (laptops and smartphones allow OD
people to stay in contact with their workplace all the time, a We I people are creating a phenomenon called 'weisure
or conversely, their friends and family whilst at work) What time'.
are some of the reasons why people want to mix work and play? b ... the internet offers many opportunities for that.
(because they have to work longer hours and because, for c ... what is disturbing is the idea that weisure will change
many people, work is more interesting and fun than it was us.
in the past) What is the main problem with weisure? (we are d Our so called private life is being lost (by us) ...
losing our private lives and never have time to relax) e ... anger against the bankers and politicians who(m) we
have blamed for our social and economic problems.
Direct students' attention to the Tip and remind them to
f ... unless a natural disaster of some kind sends us back to
underline the key words in the questions so they know what
the Stone Age ...
information to search for the second time they start reading
The changes alter the focus by changing the subject of the
the text.
sentences.
OD
1 C 2 A 3 0 4 B 5 C 6 0 4
4 OD
a unpaid volunteers
OD b their (some employees') managers
a blurring: becoming less distinct
b merging: combining and becoming one 5
c the economic ladder: the series of stages by which progress
OD
is made economically a Society I people in general perform the action. This is not
d Stone Age: the very early period of human history when mentioned because it is obvious I not necessary for the
tools and weapons were made of stone meaning of the sentence.
there's no turning back the clock: it is impossible to go back b the internet
to the past c weisure
d we (active sentence)
52
Society I people in general perform the action. This is not
mentioned because it is obvious I not necessary for the
meaning of the sentence.
~~
You can have I get your teeth cleaned, extracted, x-rayed,
a natural disaster of some kind
capped or crowned.
6 People go to the hairdresser's to have I get their hair cut,
trimmed, washed, coloured or dyed.
Oll People take their cars to garages to have I get them
is guaranteed are reserved repaired I checked or serviced.
is located serve You could have I get your hair cut or have I get some
3 are furnished is included plastic surgery done.
have be booked
12 Students' own answers.
are equipped is made I will be made
8 Thank~head
~ 1 Newspaper headlines can be challenging for learners
The professionals. to understand because they often omit the main verb,
The computers. This is a passive sentence, with the focus which has to be inferred, and feature clusters of several
being on the more boring parts of some jobs. nouns together. Explain this to students and tell them that
:: This is a causative sentence where the focus is on the fact identifying the main noun or nouns in each headline will be
that professionals arrange or organize the activity but do the key to understanding it, as well as matching it with the
not do it themselves. correct sport.
9 tm
football tennis golf motor racing E athletics
«m F basketball cycling boxing
1! This has a causative meaning: 'he' arranged for the tooth to
be filled. Sporrt$ VO(abulary
This has a non-causative meaning. This is something which
happened to him, but he did not arrange or organize it. 2
10 Encourage students to consult the appropriate section of ~
the Grammar reference on page 168 for a review of causative Someone who plays football is a footballer.
structures and help with this task. Someone who plays tennis is a tennis player.
Someone who plays golf is a golfer.
~
;' I had I got my hair cut in a completely different style by the Someone who goes motor racing is a racing driver.
hairdresser. Someone who does athletics is an athlete.
We've had our apartment repainted by a decorator. Someone who plays basketball is a basketball player.
' I'm going to have my video repaired next week by an Someone who goes cycling is a cyclist.
electrician. Someone who boxes is a boxer.
I'm having my jacket cleaned at a specialist cleaner's.
3
'" The council have just had the town hall rebuilt.
~;i:m~imD
football: football, football boots, nets
golf: golf clubs, golf balls, tees
motor racing: racing car, crash helmet
athletics: starting blocks, starting pistol, running shoes
53
basketball: basketball, basketball hoops lJl11it!!Cliale!A There are some quite interesting things to do
cycling: bike, helmet , here, aren't there? I'd find designing websites really exciting.
boxing: gloves, shorts, gum shield B Okay, but we've got to think about what most
students would enjoy, so let's think about them one at a
4
time. What about martial arts - do you think that would be
mi popular?
on a pitch: football Yes, probably, but only with a few people.
on a course: golf Karate's like fighting, and most people I know wouldn't be
on a court: tennis, basketball, badminton, volleyball interested in that.
on a circuit: cycling, motor racing Yes, but it's also a way of keeping fit, so it might
on a (race)track: horse racing, athletics be popular with more people than you think. If you ask me,
in a pool: swimming, diving I'm sure appreciating modern music would be really popular,
in a gym: gymnastics, weightlifting although I suppose it depends on what they mean by
in a ring: boxing, wrestling modern music.
in a rink: ice skating Yes, I don't think people would be interested if it
was modern classical music.
5 No, I think you're right. But if it was modern pop
~ music, I bet it would attract a lot of interest. But I don't quite
1 A 2 D c B 5 B A know how you would appreciate it.
A No, that sounds a bit serious, doesn't it? I know
Over to you one or two of my friends would really love to debate social
6 Students' own answers. and political issues, but I can't imagine most people I know
showing any interest in those kinds of subjects at all - I'm
absolutely certain they'd find debates really boring.
OJ
Speaking Part 3 pages1 You said you'd enjoy website design, didn't you?
(;i~1 [ii~i;il·" A Yes, I did - and I know loads of other people
E
0)
Exam skills who'd love it. You can do so many things with computers
OJ 1 Check the students understand what all the activities involve now.
'-
- for example, you may need to explain that taking part in What kind of website would you like to design 7
debates and being part of a debating society is a tradition I'd love to design one with lots of animation.
in many anglophone universities in Britain, North America Really? How about researching local history? I
and Australia. Groups of students meet to debate or discuss know one or two of my friends who might quite like that.
a topic in a formal way. There are usually two sides, each No, I'm afraid that wouldn't interest me at all. I've
representing a point of view, and appointed people have a never been very keen on history of any kind.
limited amount of time to speak persuasively 'for' or'against' Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide
the topic. There is time for questions, and at the end, the which two activities would be most popular with students
audience have to vote for the side which has made their case you know.
the most effectively.
2
CID
Candidate B thinks that karate is a way of keeping fit, but
Candidate A thinks that karate's like fighting, and most
people he knows wouldn't be interested in that.
b Website designing and debating social and political issues.
Audioscript 2·01
Ei:am~r.!!r Now, I'd like you to talk about something together
for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine that a
. secondary school is planning some after-school leisure
activities for its students. Here are some of the activities that
are being considered and a question for you to discuss. First,
you have some time to look at the task.
Now, talk to each other about how popular each of these
activities might be with students.
3 2
mD ~
probably might I'm sure bet don't quite Verbs: approve of sth; compare sth to I with sth; forgive sb
know can't imagine I'm absolutely certain for sth; pay for sth
(Note: there is no difference in meaning between compare to
PrornJJ ru::iation and compare with.)
Nouns: an awareness of sth; interest in sth; amazement at
4 sth; enthusiasm for sth
Adjectives: keen on sth; jealous of sb; late for sth; right
mD
<i 1 nine; 2 seven; 3 eight; 4 ten; 5 nine ab10Jut sth
They are pronounced in their weak form.
(Note: in fast natural speech certain words are normally Exam practice: Multiple-choke doze
pronounced in their weak forms, unless we want to stress 3 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task.
them, in which case we use the strong form.) Remind them to read through the text quickly first, ignoring
the gaps to get an idea of the general meaning before
Audioscript 2·02 reading in detail. Ask them what they think the title Recharge
I enjoy swimming but only in an outdoor pool. your batteries means (take a rest so that you can continue
I like to be doing something active. working well).
I was going to say playing football, too.
I could name a lot of things I like doing. lm
I like reading and going out with friends best.
C heading 2 A prepare 3 D break B worth
C top 6 D talk 7 A hesitate 3 B In fact
' \'1/om!'lli It was amazing. My friend and me were right at the when this wonderful Indian music started playing. It was
front. We were in the most expensive seats. But even there incredible - my anxiety completely disappeared and I relaxed
it was almost impossible to hear anything. As soon as they my whole body.
came on and started playing, everyone went mad. You Question 8. You hear someone talking about the
could just about hear the bass and the drums from time to beneficial effects of music.
time, but the words were completely inaudible. We could see , Wim1<ir. We now use music to help them recover -
their mouths opening and closing, but nothing seemed to especially if they're here for a long stay. Experimenting with
come out. different kinds of music, we've found that certain sounds
r~arrat©r Question 3. You hear someone describing have the power to change moods and emotional states for
something she finds annoying. the better. Many of them come to us shattered, angry and
W'@m<m It's everywhere you go these days. I was on the train full of pain, both physical and mental. They've had their lives
on the way to work last week. A girl came and sat next to reduced to a bed and a locker. We try to bring peace to their
me. I was trying to read a report and all I could hear was • body and their mind.
this repetitive drumming noise - sort of disco music, I
suppose. I just couldn't concentrate. I've got a friend who
listens when he goes jogging. That's OK, because he's Over you
not disturbing anyone. But in public places they're a real 3 Students' own answers.
nuisance - a blatant case of noise pollution if you ask me.
Question 4. You hear the presenter of a radio
programme talking.
Writing Part 2 - Email/ letter 11age9o
M<111 I've got an email here from Mrs Johnson. She'd like
to have Love Hurts played for her son Michael. Mum sends Think ahead
' you her love, Michael, wherever you are. She's asked me to
tell you that she loves you very much and says please, please,
please contact her before your birthday- she doesn't want fii11:J®#!M~f>1!A!A%B
to lose touch with you. Just a phone call would do. You don't job applications, complaints, enquiries, correspondence
have to tell her where you are if you don't want to. So, for with professionals
Michael Johnson, here's Love Hurts from your mum. Students' own answers.
Narrnllor Question 5. You hear someone talking about their r, There are alternative cheaper, quicker and more
favourite situation for listening to music. convenient ways of contacting people: text message,
M1:m I had a CD player fitted in the boot a few months ago. phone, email, social networking sites. There are fewer
It takes six CDs at a time. So you get your favourite CDs, put occasions when formal letters are expected.
it on random, and off you go. The good thing about random
is you don't know which CO or which track you're going Exam skills
to hear next. You get to listen to different kinds of music
without having to stop or take your hands off the wheel. 2
And you can have the volume turned up as high as you like. mJl
It's brilliant on long journeys. The main purpose of the letter is to apply for a job.
Mam1tof Question 6. You will hear someone talking about a b Information should include details of the applicant's
common human experience. relevant experience and suitability for this job.
VVm1un It's very strange, you just have to hear a certain The style should be rather formal, as it is an application for
sound or catch a whiff of a particular smell and everything a job.
comes flooding back. I mean, I can remember exactly
where I was when I heard Madonna's first hit. It was a winter 3
evening. I was in my mother's kitchen making myself a @1',11:1JD.mm.a
cheese sandwich. I only have to hear that first guitar chord The information included in the letter is relevant. This letter is
and I'm back in my mum's kitchen. Another example is the an application for a job, so the style is appropriately formal.
smell of suntan lotion. It always takes me straight back to a
holiday in Spain when I was four years old.
~~arrntor Question 7. You hear a man talking about
somewhere he has just been.
Mmi It's something I've always been terrified of, but it was
absolutely killing me. In the end it got so bad, I just had to
have it seen to. Actually, it only needed filling, which wasn't
as bad as having to have it taken out. Anyway, I was sitting
there in the chair, feeling very nervous, waiting for the drill,
forma~ vocabulary Unit 7 Review
4 1
mD ~
am certain: have no doubt unless I'm doing
chosen: selected 'II be given instructions
give: provide 're having our car serviced
job: post not worth being worried about I not worth worrying about
like the chance: welcome the opportunity were out of order I were not in working order
lot of different: a wide range of took me five minutes to
lucky: fortunate
need: require 2
show what I can do: demonstrate my skills
tell somebody about: express
tlD
A middle-aged woman was caught stealing a bag of
think: believe potatoes.
very interested: particularly attracted The manager of the store was informed and the police
were called.
Word building The police arrived and the woman was taken to the police
station.
5
She will probably be charged with shoplifting.
mD This is not the first time the woman has been arrested.
I would welcome the chance to tell you about my past On the last occasion, she was fined £200.
experience.
I believe my written English is excellent I of the highest 3
standard.
~
I could provide you with the names of two referees. court; racket
Please let me know if there is any other information you pitch; net
require. gloves; ring
~ I have a wide range of skills which are relevant to this work. course; club
I have no doubt I would be suitable for this post. rink; skates
g If I'm lucky enough to be selected for interview.
You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 99-100 for
I! I could come at any time which is convenient for you.
this unit.
~
available time (10-20 hours a week)
interest in paid holiday work
experience of working with young people
The style would be formal.
Students' own answers.
57
. . .
Unit 8 ,· Media
"' ' '
Introduction Speaker4:A
SpeakerS:C
1 B, D and Hare not used.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS Audioscript 2·04
Top left to bottom right: Narrator You will hear five short extracts in which people are
a Photo 1: computers offer access to all kinds of media talking about how they use the internet. For questions 1-5,
- email, internet, radio, TV, etc. Wi-fi connections and choose from the list (A-H) which main use each speaker
internet telephone services such as Skype make computers describes. Use the letters only once. There are three extra
one of the most effective means of communication. letters which you do not need to use. You now have thirty
Photo 2: newspapers are still popular but less effective seconds to look at Part 3.
than they were in the past as a means of communicating Speakerl I find it really useful to help me with school work,
up-to-date news and other factual information. The especially when we're doing geography or history projects. I
internet and social networking media are taking over the know people of my parents' generation used to spend hours
news reporting function of newspapers. in the school or the town library finding the information they
Photo 3: tablets are getting more and more popular. needed. My dad said the information was almost always out
They offer access to the internet, TV and all sorts of other of date. The internet is fantastic - I've always found what I'm
possibilities. Tablet technology is developing extremely looking for. The only problem is that sometimes there's just
rapidly. too much stuff to get through. One of my friends said she'd
Photo 4: despite the growth of modern technology, radio once spent five hours looking for information. You've just got
is still a popular communication medium, especially digital to know when to stop.
radio and podcasts (radio broadcasts on the internet). Speaker 2 I'm addicted to my computer mainly as a way
2 Background information: Malcolm X was a prominent black of keeping in touch with people. It's just so easy to talk
nationalist leader in the USA. He was assassinated in 1965. to your friends. At the moment, I'm chatting to my older
Jello Biafra is a punk musician (former lead singer of the band brother who's in Thailand - he's told me incredible stories
the Dead Kennedys) and political activist from San Francisco. about what he's getting up to. It's almost as good as the
WH Auden was a prominent Anglo-American poet. He died phone and it doesn't cost anything. I've started talking to a
in 1973. few people I don't know, but I haven't made any new friends
3 Students' own answers. like that. I think it's a bit scary- the idea that you can get to
know someone like this and then call them your friend. You
don't really know anything about these people - I mean,
Listening Part 3 everything they say could be lies.
Speaker 3 I use it for various things -you know, the obvious
Think ahead ones like emailing, getting the latest news, but at the
1 Students' own answers. moment mostly for buying things. The thing is, I really don't
enjoy going shopping in town any more. It takes me half an
Exam practice: Multiple matching hour to get there on the bus and the shops are always really
crowded. I buy all kinds of things from websites- like last
2 Before students attempt the task, you might want to make
week, I bought a DVD, a new pair of jeans and some make-
sure they understand the meaning of the following words
up. It's so quick and easy- you just click on what you want,
and expressions: catch up with (to do something you didn't
put it in your basket, go to the checkout and pay with your
have time to do earlier); crack down on (to start dealing with
card. And most things don't take long to arrive. I said I'd show
illegal behaviour in a more severe way). Read the Tip with the
my brother how to do it tomorrow.
class and make sure you give the students some time to read
Speaker4 Music, definitely. It has to be music. That's about
through the questions and the options and think about them
all I use it for, really, apart from occasionally checking the
before they listen to the recording.
sports results. It's fantastic if you're into music of any kind.
mD I go on some of the music sites and download all kinds of
Speaker 1: G music files straight to my smartphone. It's so easy these days.
Speaker 2: E I can't afford to pay, but I don't download anything that you're
Speaker 3: F supposed to pay for. I know some people do. The music
industry's trying to crack down on the illegal downloading.
58
They say they're losing sales because people aren't buying becomes (My friend asked me) when I had ordered. It is often
CDs any more, or paying for downloads. I reckon they're necessary to change pronouns to the third person form (he,
fighting a losing battle. she, it and they).
I use it for all kinds of stuff, but at the moment
5
l mainly catching up with programmes I couldn't watch first
time round for some reason. It's incredibly useful to be able !1'D)
to do that. Most of them you can still get for up to a week We use if in reported yes I no questions. if can be replaced by
after they're first broadcast. The quality's not quite as good whether: Mick asked whether they had the CD in stock.
on my laptop, but at least you don't have to wait for ages
until they repeat the broadcast. And of course, you can pause 6
programmes and fast forward them so you can avoid the mD
adverts. <1 The girl asked him if he had an email address.
Val asked Rob if I whether he used the internet.
( Nick asked me how long I had been interested in jazz.
Over to you d Rachel asked Sharon which of her old school friends she
3&4 Students' own answers. had contacted.
e Julie asked Tim if he would like to contact people he had
been with at primary school.
Grammar page9s
Juan asked Maria if I whether she could show him how to
use the printer.
Reporting statements g Ali asked his father if I whether he could take him to the
1 Encourage students to refer to the relevant section of the station.
Grammar reference on page 169 to help them with these
tasks. Time references
mi)
<:J 'The information is almost always out of date:
7
'I once spent five hours looking for information: OD
'I'll show you (my brother) how to do it tomorrow: Lizzie told Ben (we don't know which day) she would see
'We're losing sales because people like you aren't buying him the next day.
:3
CDs any more: b Lizzie told Ben (today) she would see him tomorrow. m
0..
Sentence b can only be used if it is used on the same day as OJ
2 when the original statement was made.
OD 8
The tense is generally moved one step back in time.
h The reporting verb is in the present. Consequently, the mD
other tenses have not changed. This implies that the last week: the previous week I the week before
situation is true in the present. next month: the following month I the next month
now: then
3 three days ago: three days before I three days earlier
~ today: that day
She said she'd always found what she was looking for. tomorrow: the next day I the following day
He said he was messaging his older brother who was in tonight: that night
Thailand. I He says he's messaging his older brother who is yesterday: the previous day I the day before
in Thailand.
She said it took her half an hour to get there on the bus Other references
and the shops were always really crowded. I She says it
takes her half an hour to get there on the bus and the 9
shops are always really crowded. im
~1 The determiner this changes to the.
Reporting questions I• The place reference here changes to there.
4 10
o:D o:D
The word order changes so that the subject comes before Marsha asked Mr Hunt if the work had to be finished that
the verb, just like in an affirmative sentence. Have you got day.
becomes (Mick asked) if they had and When did you order
59
Mr Gilbert asked if I whether there had been any phone
memorable because of its position. It looks as if it is placed
calls for him the day before.
right by the roadside, or even above it so that motorists
The police officer informed Ian that the car had been
would have to drive under the giant, crouching figure,
stolen two weeks earlier.
which would be facing them head on as if on a football
Dorothy said (that) she had written to her the previous
field. The second billboard is effective because it is on a truly
week I the week before and that she had phoned that
spectacular scale. It is as high as the multi-storey block right
morning.
in the middle of New York next to the Empire State Building.
Matthew said (that) he had arranged to meet them after
lunch the next day. 2 Students listen and compare their answers to the audioscript.
Audioscript 2·05
Reporting function~ !::'i~!!o1'rR·<:i' In this part of the test, I'm going to give each of you
60
Exam pradke~ long turn 4
4 Draw students' attention to the Tip and remind them of ~
the importance of demonstrating that they can listen and caretaker; computer programmer; newsreader; police officer;
understand as well as speak. They must stay alert and listen shop assistant; television reporter; university lecturer
during the other candidate's 'long turn' because they will
have to make their own comments about the same subject 5
(m
Over to you mass media current affairs
press conference talk show
5 ' eyewitness headline
tm•J.'14©Mf41~~ newsagent's remote control
a The advertisements are designed to appeal to the type of soap opera foreign correspondent
people who buy these kinds of products. Advertisement
1 is by Nike, a company that sells sports clothes and Prorumdation
equipment, so it is designed to attract the attention of
people who are interested in sport by showing a famous 6
sportsperson in action. Advertisement 2 is for Gap, a ~
clothing line, so it is targeted at fashion-conscious young The stressed component of each compound noun is shown
people. in bold in the audioscript below.
Both advertisements work by trying get people to
associate the product with certain qualities and values
rather than by obviously encouraging people to buy
the product. The Nike advert associates the brand name press conference
with the power of an American footballer in action; the eyewitness
Gap image, showing a beautiful, casually dressed young newsagent's
woman, associates the brand name with style and casual soap opera
self-confidence. current affairs
·talk show
2 lim
retirement 2 rioters Certainly pleasant
OD personal elections dangerous predictable
The first part of a compound noun gets the stress, i.e. the
sound on the first part of the compound noun is longer and Over to you
louder.
8 Students' own answers.
3
~
news editor: noun+ noun
crime rate: noun+ noun
break-ins: verb+ preposition
tourist robberies: noun +noun
community service: noun + noun
participation rate: noun+ noun
clean-up: verb+ preposition
61
Reading and Use of English 6 E: The missing sentence gives support to the writer's view
that print material will not completely disappear in the near
Part6 future, and gives a simple explanation for this: Many people
still prefer print for the very simple reason that ...
Think ahead Sentence C is not used.
1 Students' own answers.
so and such
2 4 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the
OD Grammar reference on page 170 for help with these tasks.
The writer feels sad but not surprised: I find this sad but not
surprising. In the rest of the article it becomes clear that the
OD
Both so and such are used for emphasis.
writer feels that the disappearance of print is inevitable,
So is used before:
and he recognizes that the changes in his own habits are
·adjectives (e.g. so cheap)
contributing to it.
·many+ plural countable noun (e.g. so many books)
·much (of)+ uncountable noun (e.g. so much of their income)
Exam practice: Gapped text Such is used before:
3 After students have read quickly through the text the first • noun phrases (which may include an article and an
time, you might want to check that they understand the adjective, e.g. such an important feature)
meaning of the following words and expressions: mount
(gradually increase or get bigger); speculation (making 5
guesses about something when you don't have enough OD
information to be certain); be desperate to do something (want a so b such c so d so e Such
to do something very much); in decline (when something is
becoming less in amount, importance or quality); blow (an 6
unexpected event which has a negative effect); vinyl (type of
plastic which music records used to be made of).
OD
such a lot of people so little time
Before they do the task, read the Tip with the class and so few cars so many people
remind students to read through all the sentences carefully such hot weather so much money
and make sure they've understood each one before they such little ears such tall buildings
start the matching.
OD Over to you
1 B: The sentence Until quite recently ... expands on the 7 Students' own answers.
first sentence of the first paragraph ... such an important
feature of our everyday life. The next sentence presents a
contrast to this status qua: Now, however, more and more Writing Part 1
people ...
2 F: The sentence Like many others of my generation ... , Exam skills
follows up the personal reaction, I find this sad ... And the
following sentence provides more information on the 1
same subject: When I was a child, my father would ... OD
3 A: The missing sentence, This is because I can find all the a Start with a statement of the subject of the essay and finish
news and information I need, provides a reason for the with a summary of your opinion.
information in the first sentence of the paragraph: Now I'm b The best way of answering is by giving both sides of the
an adult, I hardly ever buy a newspaper. argument.
4 D: The missing sentence provides an explanation for c Formal (essays are considered to be academic writing).
why people are buying fewer printed materials: For some
people, it is simply more convenient .... The next sentence 2
focuses on other people: Others, however, actually seem to OD
prefer the digital format. a Paragraph 1 states the two sides of the argument: the view
5 G: The missing sentence provides an explanation for the of famous people and the view of the press.
fact that companies are spending less on publicizing their Paragraph 2 expands on the press' point of view.
businesses in newspapers and the following sentence Paragraph 3 focuses on the ambivalent position of famous
provides further information on the same issue. people who want attention when they are not famous and
privacy when they are.
Paragraph 4 expresses the view of the writer.
62
The main points made in paragraph 2 concern the ~ They: the photographers
advantages of having a free press, from the point of the she: the princess
newspapers. The particular things newspapers claim the there: outside the nightclub
public has a right to know about are: then: on Friday night
·wrong-doings of celebrities (claimed to be most their and They: celebrities
important)
• how celebrities spend their money 7
·celebrities' love lives fi@fi•U:JMl4W.i!lm
The main points made in paragraph 3 concern the Repetition makes writing sound childish because ideas
disadvantages of a free press for celebrities, who argue appear not to be linked up in a way which demonstrates
that they have a right to a private life like anyone else: clear analysis. Writing with a lot of repetition may also result
·celebrities would like personal information to be kept in a lot of short unconnected sentences.
secret
.: The writer's opinions are expressed in paragraph 4: the Exam practke: Essay
public has the right to know how celebrities live their lives,
8 Read the Tip with the class and also encourage students to
but celebrities should have some privacy and should be
refer to the appropriate section of the Writing guide on page
able to protect their families from the press.
178 to help them plan their essay.
Ii The style is appropriate, in that it is formal.
®1-'i!:Hl.d~W~Jm
Extreme weather conditions create difficulties precisely
because they are extreme and so the human body has to
find ways to adapt in order to survive. For example, extreme
heat can make it difficult for people to work or sleep. It can ~
create an increased risk of skin problems and some infectious 2 3 2
diseases. 2 Students read and check their answers.
Extreme cold can cause hypothermia so people have to wear
many layers of warm clothes. Travelling can be hazardous. Exam practke: Multgple dioke
Some machines cannot work at low temperatures. 3 You may like to check students understand the following
words in the text: molten (burning); Earth's core (central
part of the Earth); growth (increase); potential (what's
G;!311:JD1.M@ilA@:ft possible); imprecise (inexact); evacuating (leaving a place
Flooding would probably affect more people because to escape danger); hazard zones (dangerous places);
more people have their homes near rivers than in or near monitoring (observing, checking); detect (find); evaluating
forests. Flooding destroys lives and property. Many people (understanding, assessing); plumes (clouds, columns); loss of
drown or are injured in floods. Sewage can come to the credibility (when something is no longer believed); proximity
surface of streets and so on and this can cause illnesses. (surrounding area).
Mosquitoes and other such disease-carrying creatures Draw students' attention to the Tip and then ask them to
thrive in still, wet conditions. Homes and vehicles are work out the answer to the first question (D) using this
damaged or destroyed. Electrical plants and other facilities approach and get them to tell you why the other options
may be disrupted. are incorrect. (A Wealthy women are mentioned, but we
Fires destroy animals and plants. Many trees, which are so are told they died; nobody escaped. B Only two towns
necessary for our environment, can be destroyed. - Herculaneum and Pompeii - are mentioned. C 16,000
Flooding can be avoided by controlling the flow of water people died; this is definitely not a few) When students have
into rivers, and by the careful planning of buildings, taking completed the remaining questions, ask them to justify their
their effect on the environment into account. answers in the same way.
Forest fires can be avoided by increasing restrictions on
what people can do in dry areas, such as lighting camp ~
fires. But sometimes the fires can be started by lightning,
D C c 4 c B A
which is unavoidable. People can also try to avoid forest
fires by building homes well away from woodland. Keeping Word buildh1g
strips of land free of trees in forested areas can limit the
4
spread of a fire; and ensuring that there are adequate
supplies of water to douse fires in high-risk areas can ~
also help to limit the damage fires cause. Fire alarms, fire compete: competition
hydrants and so on must always be kept in good condition. erupt eruption (x8)
evacuate: evacuation
3 Students' own answers.
fascinate: fascination
migrate: migration
populate: population (x3)
They are all formed with the suffix -tion, added to the root
verb.
5 OD
;i Tornadoes, which are commonly known as 'twisters' in
43.D the USA, are a common phenomenon in the American
act: active (x3) system: systematic
Midwest.
danger: dangerous volcano: volcanic (x3)
b Scientists and amateur tornado chasers alike flock to
destroy: destructive
Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas in the months of May and
6 June when tornadoes are most likely to occur.
t Eric Rasmussen, who is a world authority on tornadoes,
mD does most of his work here where 78% of the world's
scientific migration systematic d fascination tornadoes occur.
devastation f active d The scientists whose mission it is to find out more about
tornadoes can only predict where they might form.
Over to you e The people who I that go in search of the tornadoes often
7 Students' own answers. have a wasted journey.
f The damage that I which a tornado causes can be
immense.
Grammar page10s !J One of the worst recorded events was in March 1925, when
nearly 700 people lost their lives.
Relative dauses !1 On that day the Midwest was hit by seven tornadoes,
1 Encourage the students to refer to the appropriate section of affecting an area that I which covered over 320 km.
the Grammar reference on page 170 to help them with these Rescue workers found buildings where people had lived
tasks. and worked completely demolished.
No one yet knows the reason why there has been such a
Im big increase in the number of tornadoes in the last few
which; which I that who /that
years.
2 Relative pronouns can be omitted in sentences a and f.
(Note: in sentence a 'which are' would need to be omitted.)
fm 8 Ask students if they know where the 'Great Plains' in North
The speaker has one sister in sentence b.
The speaker has more than one sister in sentence a. America are before they look at the question and read ...,
DJ
0
The information in the relative clause is essential in through the text the first time. Elicit or tell them that they c
:::;
sentence a. make up a very large area of flat land across much of the Q_
3 over the border into Canada (they cover most of the states
of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North
OD Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming,
defining ~ non-defining ( non-defining
and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and
non-defining defining defining
Saskatchewan). Originally, this area was flat grassland and
4 inhabited with wild buffalo; now it is mostly farmland.
(3D ml
In sentences a and e, who /which can be replaced with that. The farmers were more responsible than the weather for
the devastation of the Great Plains. They dug up the grass,
5 and this meant there was nothing to anchor the soil, which
mi) turned to dust during hot weather and was blown away by
strong winds.
a where b when c why
The relative pronoun can be left out of sentence c.
Exam piractke: Open doze
6 9 Before students attempt the task, check they understand
ml the meaning of these words: drought (a long period of dry
The sentences with whom are more formal than the weather during which there is no rain); crop (plants grown by
sentences with who. You use whom, not who, immediately farmers as food); soil (the earth which plants can grow in).
after a preposition. im
7 Check with the class that they understand what a tornado is 1 by and for 4 there 5 which 6 as in 8 of
before they start this task (a strong dangerous wind which
forms itself into a spinning I twisting cone shape and is
powerful enough to destroy buildings and anything in its
path as it moves across the ground).
Vocabulary page110 Speaking Part 1 page.m
2 2
lim ma
The article says that greenhouse gas emissions (carbon e; breezy; close; dull; freezing; humid; overcast; showery
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide) and tropical b cosmopolitan; bustling; dull; historic; industrial; provincial;
deforestation are to blame for climate change. sprawling; vibrant
Other adjectives for the weather: cold, dry, hot, stormy,
Dependent prepositions unpredictable, windy, wintry, etc.
Other adjectives for towns I cities: busy, historic, interesting,
3 sleepy, etc.
OD 3 Remind students that in Part 1 of the Speaking paper, the
consequences for; responsible for; leads to examiner asks candidates questions about themselves. Before
you play the audio, elicit some ideas of the kind of things the
4 examiner might ask about - e.g. candidates' hometown, their
eD hobbies and interests, plans for the future, etc.
agreement on; anger at; ban on; cure for; damage to; effect After students have listened to the audio and made a note
on; respect for; tax on; threat to of the questions and answers, get them to take turns to ask
a cure for respect for and answer the examiner's questions in pairs. Encourage
b threat to d tax on them to extend their answers by giving additional details and
examples.
rJ)
:::; 5
f3D
~ a See audioscript below for examiner's questions and
to, to i:o of, to ( of, to, for ~! for candidates' answers.
i:s Students' own answers.
6
mD Audioscript 2·07
appeal to insist on Where are you from, Manoulis?
believe in invest in I come from Athens in Greece.
complain about result in First we'd like to know something about you. Clara,
contribute to sympathize with · what kind of weather do you like best?
depend on I like hot, sunny weather best.
Why?
7 Because I like doing things outside, like going to the
beach with my friends or just sitting in an open-air cafe
~
3 on each other for survival having a cola and chatting to them. Things like that.
b 5 to the destruction of the tropical rainforest Manoulis, how do you spend your free time when
c 1 in recycling schemes the weather is bad?
2 about pollution If it's cold and wet, I don't usually go out. I stay at
e 4 with people who live near big airports home and maybe watch a DVD, play my guitar or listen to
music in my room. But if the weather has been bad for a few
Exam practice~ Key word transfm·mation , days, I'll probably go out - shopping or to the cinema - 'cos
I'll be bored staying at home.
8 Read through the Tip with the class before they begin the
Clara, what's your hometown like?
task and remind students that the word count of the answer
I live in Barcelona. It's a very cosmopolitan city. Parts of
includes the word given.
the city are very modern, but it also has a historic old quarter
im with narrow streets. You can find all sorts of small shops, bars
a ban on cars and restaurants there. It's a vibrant city with plenty to do and
'l to make an investment in
be incapable of changing Manoulis, how has your town changed in recent
result in a saving of I result in you saving
5 have a negative effect on
is anger about I at I over plans
It looks much nicer than it used to because the local listening Part 4 pogem
. council have cleaned all the old buildings. And the town centre
1 has been pedestrianized so it's much nicer to go shopping
Think ahead
there now. They've also built another multi-storey car park so
parking in the town centre is easier than it used to be.
Thank you.
Students' own answers.
c Air travel has a negative effect on the environment
because aircraft engines emit n~~e, disturbing wilcjl_ife
4 and natural habitats, and have high l~yels of C0 2
emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse effect.
~
The ways to reduce this are discussed in the audio and
DVD (rise), guitar (rise), music (fall)
include improving the efficiency of airplane engines so
shops (rise), bars (rise), restaurants (fall)
they consume less fuel and also using alternative, more
:'Typically, when we are listing something, we use a rising
~n_virp_nmentalJy-frieridlyfuels. Environmental protection
intonation on the key words and a falling intonation on the
groups suggest that fuel should be taxed to make flying
last item in the list. The_risin_g in_tona~i()n indicates that we
more expensive so that people will fly less in future: at the
have not finished, and the f9lling intonation indicates that we
moment, flying is the fastest growing form of travel. They
. bave.
also recommend that governments should encourage
Audioscript 2°08 people tohavel les~s~ and choose al~ternati~e forms of
1 I stay at home and maybe watch a DVD, play my transport.
.I guitar or listen to music.
: You can find all sorts of small shops, bars and Exam practke: Multiple choke
2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task,
and give them a few minutes to read through the questions
5 Get the class to try to say each list with the appropriate and, where possible, try to predict answers.
intonation before they hear the recorded version. Then play
the audio and get them to repeat the list again after they've (RD
OJ
heard the model. C B B 4 A 5 A C 7 B
'0
c
::J
'3:D Audioscript 2·10 o_
,, eat (rise); TV (rise); homework (fall) You will hear part of a radio programme about the c
(f)
milk (rise); sugar (rise); rice (fall) effects of air travel on the environment For questions 1-7,
starters (rise); main (rise); dessert (fall) ~ choose the best answer (A, B or C).You now have one minute ,
to look at Part Four.
Audiosuipt 2·09 Hello. This week we will be looking at ways in which
After I got home I made something to eat, watched we can reduce our 'carbon footprint'. By 'carbon footprint' we
TV and then did my homework. mean a measure of the impact that human activities have
Can you get me some milk, sugar and rice, please? on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse
I'll have the prawns for starters, the duck for the · gases they produce. These days it's easy to work out how big
main course and ice cream for dessert one's own personal 'carbon footprint' is, provided you have
internet access. You can simply go on line and put in the
6 Remind students to try to use the appropriate intonation in
following information: how much your annual household
their answers.
fuel bill is, how often and how far you travel, and a
calculator will work it out for you. Your secondary carbon
Exam pradke: Short exchanges ' footprint is determined by your buying habits. Basically, if
7 Direct students' attention to the Tip before they do this you buy food or items produced locally, then your carbon
exercise in pairs. Tell them that the reason they should aim to • footprint will be smaller than if you buy produce which
give extended answers is not just to demonstrate how much has to be flown or shipped from the other side of the world.
they can speak but also to create interest The examiner will There are of course ways of reducing our carbon footprint:
respond more favourably to a candidate who gives lively, we can car share to work, travel by bus or train rather than
informative answers than to a candidate who gives limited by car; we can buy local fruit and veg or wine. If you live in
information. the UK, then buy your wine from European countries rather
than Australia, for example, and avoid items that have been
made in China or India. Let's start by looking at the effect of
• air travel on the environment Sue Hendry, how have you
. been addressing this7
Sue Well, I quit flying a year ago. For too long I'd Writing Part 2 ~ Report page114
been saying 'They'. that is, governments, must do something
: about global warming rather than 'we' or'!'. Then I suddenly Think ahead
realized that I can't expect things to change if I'm not
prepared to change myself. How could I look my children
in the eye in twenty years' time and say,' I could have done
(3'D
something, but I chose not to'. The arguments against flying
water heating: C lighting: D
are obvious: do you know that a return flight from London
cooking: A appliances: E
to Australia equals the emissions of three average cars
space heating: B
for a year? And a return domestic flight from London to
Edinburgh produces eight times the carbon dioxide you
2 Before the students discuss the statements in pairs and
try to guess whether they are true or false, make sure they
• would use if you took the train?
understand what the different electrical appliances are:
Nigel Hammond, what's the present situation in the
elicit the difference between a washing machine and a
travel industry?
dishwasher, and explain what a tumble drier is if necessary.
There has been a huge rise in the number of people
flying from UK airports. The cheap flights offered by budget imD
airlines have meant that many people think nothing of False. Whatever type of light bulb you have, the rule is that
popping over to the continent for the weekend. Long-haul the longer the light is on, the more energy it uses. The
destinations are becoming increasingly popular, too. But the energy used to switch a light on and off is less than that
biggest rise has been in short-haul flights, both domestic of leaving it on, so switching lights off when you leave the
and to places like Spain, France and Italy. room saves energy.
I think the problem is that, although most people True. About 90% of the energy traditional incandescent
know that flying contributes hugely to global warming, light bulbs use is given off as heat, and only about 10%
they are not really prepared to do anything about it. So results in light.
they'll feel a bit bad while they're sitting on the plane, but the False. Traditional light bulbs are much cheaper to buy than
U)
:J moment they get to their destination, it'll be long-forgotten. the other two. LED lights are the most expensive to buy
"O
c "'""''""'.""" So, what solutions are there? but last much longer. Generally speaking, all energy-saving
:J
0 There are a variety of possible solutions. One is to put light bulbs last 10 times longer than traditional light bulbs
1-
ro . up the tax on aviation fuel, but this has been tried already but more importantly use up to 80% less electricity.
and didn't work. Another is to limit the number offlights True. And it costs twice as much if you wash the clothes in
people can take a year. I like that idea, but I'm not sure hot water compared with washing them at 30 °C.
how practical it would be. Still, I definitely think it would e False. Modern energy-efficient dishwashers can use up
be worth giving it a go. And then there is 'carbon offsetting' to 35% less water and use less energy as long as you run
whereby people plant trees. But if the trees are cut down or them with a full load.
there's a fire, then you've lost your offset. False. You can save up to 10% on your energy bills by
switching these off at the plug. If left on standby, they use
around 80% of their full power.
False. The screensaver uses just as much energy as when
you are working, so if you are leaving your desk, e.g.
3
for a meeting, the best thing to do is to switch off your
!Im computer screen (monitor).
board: get on
disembark: get off Writing ai report
land: touch down
3
4
~
~ Typical features of a report: formal language, headings,
touched down bulleted lists (but not always), suggestions, recommendations
disembark; board
get on; get off 4
5 m1l
d 2c a e
Im
disembark: a plane; c ship
land: a plane
touch down: a plane
board: a plane; b bus; c ship; d train
5 Pompeii in its shadow. The violent eruption which!thattook
place in AD 79 proved them wrong.
mD :he eruption, which happened when no one was expecting
a Yes, it is appropriately formal and informative, with a
1t, has gone down as one of the worst in recorded history.
suitable format. It takes its reader into account in an
It happened during the daytime when people were going
appropriate manner.
about their daily lives.
b Yes, it answers both parts of the question.
The remains of the 2,000 inhabitants of Pompeii who/that
c The headings make the report easy to follow, as do the
did not escape lay forgotten for centuries. When excavation
bullet points (although these could be better constructed
began in the eighteenth century, the remains were found
as paragraphs).
of a much-loved family dog whose collar bore an inscription
saying that he twice saved his owner's life.
Impersonal language
3
6
mD mD
a in b at c to d of; of e to f on
a ... cars are used ... Public transport is greatly under-used ...
You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 103-104
fruit and vegetables bought are imported ... have the food
for this unit.
delivered ... these would not need to be flown ... All the
above recommendations could be implemented .. .
b Shopping is done in out-of-town supermarkets by most
people.
c could
7
mD
a If more solar panels were installed, less electricity would be
used from non-renewable resources like coal, natural gas
and oil.
b Fast-food outlets should be obliged by councils to clear up .,
Q)
Unit 9 Review
1
mD
1D 2A 3C 4D 5A 6C 7D 8B
2
mD
Mount Vesuvius, which is situated near the Bay of Naples,
is one of the world's most famous active volcanoes. The
Romans, who believed it to be extinct, built the city of
69
hitroduction wood: boats, bowls, doors, furniture, houses, plates and cups,
roofs, shutters, tools and utensils of all kinds
1
tm1.11:Jm#IM~WPJM:b
Exam skins
The muffin tray is being used to keep things in; it would 3 You could tell the students that all four of the flying machines
originally have been used to make muffins in. pictured on page 119 date from the 1890s, just before the
The suitcases are being used as a table; they would age of aviation began. They all really existed and underwent
originally have been used to pack clothes in. test flights, although not necessarily with any great success.
The half tyre is being used as a plant box; it would Once you have given them this information, ask them to
originally have been a part of a car. choose which machine they would most and least like to
The popcorn is being used to protect a gift; it would have tried out and why.
originally have been eaten.
4
The jar is being used as a candle holder; it would originally
have been used to keep jam and other foodstuffs in. mD
The empty bottles are being used as decoration; they B C D A
would originally have been used to keep drinks like wine
in. Exam practke: Mu~tipie matching
Students' own answers. 5 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task.
c
0 ( Muffin tray: to plant seeds in I to keep earrings in Remind them to underline any key words in the questions
+'
ro Suitcases: to keep toys in which they could search for in the texts.
>
0 Half tyre: as a swing I upside down as something to
c
c practise getting a golf ball through I to play croquet
Popcorn: to make garlands with D A A S C B c D 9 B D
Jar: to keep buttons in
Empty bottles: to paint and use as decoration I to make Over to you
lamps 6 Students' own answers.
Part 7 pilge118
Wishes and regrets
Think ahead 1 Refer students to the appropriate section of the Grammar
reference on page 172 for help with these tasks.
~
fi1'.1mHmtmvm:mt The past, but still continuing into the present. The verb
The armchair is made from bamboo, wood and rattan. tense after wished is could+ infinitive.
The scarves are made from cotton, linen and silk. The past. The verb tense after wish is past perfect negative:
The cutlery is made from steel; the napkin is made from linen. they hadn't tried.
The present (and into the future). The verb tense after wish
2 is past simple: was /were.
MWU:J§l:l~ii&ll
2
bamboo: furniture, garden walls, room dividers
cotton: bandages, blankets and bed sheets, clothes, cotton ~
wool, soft furnishings, towels A wish about a present or future situation is expressed with a
linen: bed sheets, clothes, curtains, table cloths past tense. A wish about a past situation is expressed with a
rattan: furniture sunshades past perfect tense.
silk: bicycle tyres (in the past), clothes, kites (because silk is Would or wouldn't are used after wish to complain about a
very light but very strong), parachutes present situation.
steel: cars, machines and tools, buildings, cooking utensils a conditional tense is used to express desire I want
b conditional tense (negative) to express irritation
3 Exam practke~ Open doze
OD 2 Ask students to read through the text before they begin the
Sentence b with if only expresses the stronger regret. task. Ask the following question: In what way was the invention
of Post-it notes an accident? (The person who invented the
4 weak glue that is used on Post-its had originally been trying
w;;.11:iM$'4'W1WfilD to invent a very strong glue.)
I wish I had straight hair I earned more money I lived ~
nearer the city centre, etc. ones I those I what they
I wish I had travelled more I had had more confidence in 2 could 6 without
myself I hadn't given up piano lessons, etc. but one
I wish he wouldn't always arrive late I would tell me when to had
he was going out, etc.
5 Think ahead
m:D 1
a When expressing a preference about one's own action(s),
one uses I'd rather+ present simple of verb, e.g. I'd rather 4g11i1011:Jq:%ftl6ltb
eat vegetables than meat. Before the camera was invented, the only possible way of
When expressing a preference about somebody else's keeping images of anything was by drawing or painting
action, one uses I'd rather+ subject pronoun to refer to the them. Photography has allowed images of our lives to be
other person+ past simple of verb, e.g. I'd rather she waited recorded in a much more precise, quicker and cheaper way. It
till later. has also influenced entertainment in the form offilm.
Before the light bulb was invented, people used candles and
6 fuel lamps for light. Its invention extended working hours
an and leisure time.
Before the mobile phone was invented, you had to try and
Sentence a (It's time the children went to bed.) suggests :::J
more urgency. It's time+ past subjunctive expresses that find a telephone booth which wasn't vandalized and have :::J
0
something should be done and that it is already a bit late. enough change in your pocket or an appropriate phone <
Q)
Sentence b (It's time for the children to go to bed.) is less card with credit on it. Mobile phones, and smartphones, rt
0
urgent. The right time has arrived for something, but we are have developed into very sophisticated devices, which have :::J
still in time - the infinitive is used rather than the past tense. revolutionized the way we communicate with friends and
family and also for work.
7 Before the invention of the motor car, the most common
forms of land transportation were by foot, by horse, or by
OD train. The invention of the motor car has enabled people to
to go met had I got told took
travel more often and further, both for work and for leisure.
f leave; did tidied (up)
Before the printing press was invented, books were written
by hand. Printing has affected the way we live by enabling
Reading and Use of English easier distribution of and access to information in the form of
books, magazines and newspapers.
Parts 2 & 4 pa9e121 2 In Part 2 of the Speaking paper, candidates have to describe
and compare two photographs. The following tasks help
Exam practke: &<ey word transformation students to develop strategies for describing things that they
1 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. don't necessarily know the names of in English.
Tell them to look out for those sentences which express
@4i>1i:J®~l"i!114#1M
wishes and regrets, and make sure they use appropriate
Rollers in a clothes wringer (or mangle): wet clothes are
grammatical forms.
put between the rollers, which are turned so as to wring
~ the water out of the clothes.
wish you wouldn't leave Handle on clothes wringer: the handle is used to press
he'd remembered to send the rollers together so as to get water out of wet, washed
'd left I gone to bed earlier clothes.
she was I were as tall as Microwave: used for heating or reheating food.
only I hadn't told Kettle: used for heating water for hot drinks or cooking.
'd rather you washed up
3 6 Tell students that this exercise will give them the opportunity
to practise describing an object without using its name. As
OD well as describing what the object looks like, they can say
The candidate only knows the word 'handle' out of the things
mentioned in exercise 2. what it is used for I what its function is and I or they can
compare it to something else.
Audioscript 2·11
Examiner In this part of the test, I'm going to give each of you Exam practice: Long turn
two photographs. I'd like you to talk about your photographs 7 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they attempt the
on your own for about a minute, and also to answer a task and remind them to use the strategies they have just
question about your partner's photographs. Nadia, it's your been practising to deal with any unknown vocabulary.
turn first. Here are your photographs. They show people
doing household tasks in different decades. I'd like you to Over to you
compare the photographs and say how you think technology
8 Students' own answers.
has changed people's lives.
Nadia Both photos show people working in a kitchen.
In this photo a woman is washing clothes, whereas in Vocabulary
the other photo a man is cooking. The kitchens are very
different. This one is very old, um, er, not modern but the 1
other one is modern. There are a lot of machines which do
OD
things for you or help you do things more quickly. In this Products are sometimes named after their inventors.
picture the woman is washing clothes by hand because Sometimes they are purely descriptive - describing what
she doesn't have a washing machine. She's using a ... well something does or how something does what it does.
a kind of machine to get the water out of the clothes. It Sometimes products are named by combining clever words
looks hard work and I guess it was very, um, er, took a long or sounds together, or by using initials or acronyms. However,
time. The man looks quite relaxed probably because he sometimes a name can have an unfortunate meaning in a
has lots of things to help him. I think there's a dishwasher different language, so this aspect of naming needs to be
and a ... machine where you heat up food, for example. researched carefully if a product is expected to sell in that
Doing household tasks is much easier these days because of market.
technology.
2 Students' own answers.
Examiner Tomas, which of these household tasks do you
prefer to do?
Tomas To be honest, I hate washing clothes even with a
Adjective suffixes
washing machine. I much prefer cooking. I suppose for some 3
people cooking is, erm, a thing that's not very enjoyable to
do the same as doing the washing-up or cleaning but for OD
other people it's ... well, it's a ... very nice activity. You can be The adjective descriptive is related to the noun description and
creative and if you practise you can improve. Cooking a nice the verb describe. The suffix -ive is added to the root word.
meal gives you much more ... is more ... well, it's nicer to do The adjective automatic is related to the noun automation
than having a, erm, lot of clean clothes. For me, anyway. and the verb automate. The prefix auto- means to work alone,
Examiner Thank you. without any person being involved.
The adjective mechanical is related to the noun mechanic.
The suffix -al is added to the noun.
Exam skills The adjective careful is related to the noun I verb care. The
suffix -fut is added to the root word.
4 The adjective disastrous is related to the noun disaster. The
OD suffix -ous is added to the root word.
a washing clothes e looks The adjective speedy is related to the noun I verb speed. The
b machines f quite relaxed suffix -y is added to the root word.
c by hand g creative; improve The adjective reliable is related to the noun reliability and the
d get the water out of h nicer to do verb rely. The suffix -able is added to the root word.
5 4
POSSIBLE ANSWER OD
The candidates try to describe the item when they do not a sticky
know what the item is called. Sometimes the candidates b useful, useless
describe the function of the item. c fashionable, stretchy
d creative, original
e protective, scientific, dangerous
72
Exam practice: Word formation seem to be supported by the long queues for the latest
5 Tell the students to read through the text quickly, ignoring Apple iPad, which started three days before the item was
the gaps, and ask them what the purpose of a patent is ' even on sale, to the High Street stampedes for the latest
(to protect new inventions and stop other people from Nintendo game. And even though we are living in a difficult
stealing the idea) Elicit what Alexander Graham Bell, who is economic climate, it seems the price tag for the latest piece
mentioned in line 10, invented (the telephone) and check of gadgetry hardly matters. The important thing is to be the
that students understand the meaning of the phrase: to go first among your friends to have it.
back to the drawing board (to start all over again from the So why do we have this obsession with gadgets7 A lot
beginning). of technology purchases are a case of'keeping up with
Read the Tip with the class before letting students attempt the Joneses' - someone you know gets the latest TV or
1 smartphone, for instance, and you feel you are missing out
the task, and check their answers in pairs.
if you don't get one, so you do. I wonder how many bread
mD machines, which everyone seemed to have in the 1990s, are
official unfortunately now lying unused at the back of kitchen cupboards?
z costly competitors And is our obsession something new? Well, no, it isn't
3 worthwhile "'l refinements something new. Admittedly, in the 1950s there wasn't
sale advice the range or number of gadgets that there are today, but
there was still the same excitement when any new gadget
listening Part 2 pa9e124
appeared. My grandparents told me that they were the first
in their street to have a television, and at the coronation of
Queen Elizabeth II in 1953 all the neighbours were invited in
Think ahead to watch the ceremony. This, apparently, was not unusual.
1 Check students are clear what each of the items in the The 1950s in the UK was a decade when most women did
photographs are - a TV set, an electric kettle, a hairdryer, a not go out to work but stayed at home to raise their families.
microwave oven and a fridge. Most of their day was taken up with cleaning, cooking,
2 Students' own answers. washing and other household tasks. Items which had been
luxuries before the war now became affordable for many
Exam practke: Sentence completion families. With the introduction of the modern vacuum
3 Make sure you give students time to read through the cleaner into most middle-class homes in the 1950s, and :J
:J
sentences before you play the recording so they know · the precursor to the modern washing machine around the 0
same time, a woman's workload was substantially reduced <
what kind of information they need to listen for. Read the Qj
rt
Tip with the class and emphasize that accurate spelling and and women had more leisure time than ever before. Most 0
:J
punctuation in answers is always essential. women nowadays would not be pleased to be given a
household gadget, except for possibly a cappuccino coffee
mJl maker, as say a birthday gift, but in those days it was received
the television neighbours with delight.
a foreign language household tasks
Until recently, it was always assumed that men were more
difficult economic more leisure time
gadget-obsessed than women - but it seems that today's
bread machines pleased
women are just as interested in gadgets as men. The main
5 excitement functions
difference between the sexes seems to be in the design - a
Audioscript 2°12 lot of women, for example, want a phone that will perform,
You will hear someone giving a talk about gadgets. say, five basic functions: calling, texting, taking photos,
For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with a word or storing photos and accessing the internet. For men, the more
short phrase. You now have forty-five seconds to look at Part 2. functions there are the better.
,~,,.,,~,,,,..,,.,,,, Our lives today are dominated by gadgets.
Think ahead mD
well-educated
1 Students' own answers. open-minded
self-motivated
2
hard-working
ma quick-tempered
jigsaw family: a family in which two or more sets of children hard-headed I level-headed
from previous relationships live together 7 Students' own answers.
agritourism: holidays where tourists visiting a country stay
with local people who live in the countryside
chatterboxing: the activity of using a platform such as Twitter Writing Part 2 - Review pa 9e126
to comment on what you are watching on TV
cyberbullying: the use of electronic communication to Exam skms
intimidate someone
glocalization: the adaptation of products to suit local and 1
global markets
mD
King Kong (1933, Merian C Cooper and Ernest B Schoedsack)
Compound adjectives was a landmark horror I action film. It used animation to
create many of the scenes involving dinosaurs and the giant
3 gorilla Kong.
Jurassic Park: it was the first time that dinosaur simulations
labour-saving: device were able to interact with human actors. Also, the marketing
mass-produced: product costs for this film exceeded the costs to make the film in a
home-made: cake way that had never happened before.
user-friendly: instructions Toy Story: the toys had personalities and volition of their own.
cold-blooded: person The CGI effects were innovative.
hard-wearing: furniture
last-minute: holiday 2
4 dm
1!l hadn't lost wouldn't interrupt { could go
(ID l.l had met E didn't have, had had applied
Positive evaluative adjectives in review: best, fantastic, left !'! got didn't bring j told
magical, state-of-the-art, stunning, uplifting You may Ii ke to give students the Un it Test on pages 105-106
for this unit.
5
~
Positive evaluative adjectives: clever, entertaining, exciting,
first rate, funny, hilarious, original, spectacular, witty,
wonderful
Negative evaluative adjectives: amateurish, disappointing,
dull, fake, over-complicated, over-long, predictable,
unconvincing, wooden
6
@i>1[:l!Jf41~ii-i!MG?'i
predictable
spectacular I stunning
amateurish I unconvincing I wooden
d entertaining
over-complicated
7
&§I
Books: author, chapter, plot, published, scene, series
Concerts: choreography, conductor, lighting, orchestra
:::J
Films: acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting, :::J
0
plot, released, scene, scenery, series, special effects, stunt, <
OJ
soundtrack rt
c;·
Musk: album, conductor, lyrics, orchestra, released, :::J
soundtrack, track
Ma.isic.ais: cast, choreography, conductor, costumes, design,
director, lighting, lyrics, orchestra, plot, scene, soundtrack,
special effects
Plays: act, acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting,
plot, scene, scenery, special effects, stunt
TV: acting, cast, commentary, costumes, design, director,
episode, series, special effects, stunt
1
mD
controversial contribution choice I choosing
announcement latest criticisms traditional
argument
75
Introduction 11age129 Grammar pag~m
76
Conditional 3 14
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
7
b I'll never speak to you again unless you take back what you
OD just said I apologize I say you are sorry.
If you had given (past perfect) me your number, I would have c I'll lend you the money you need as long as you pay me
sent (would+ has I have+ past participle) you a text message. back next week I promise to pay me back as soon as you
have the money.
8
OD Exam practice: Key word transformation
Type 3 conditional sentences are used to imagine different 15 Refer students to the Tip before they start the task. Remind
possible results related to a situation in the past which them to apply the grammatical patterns that they have just
cannot be changed. been practising to any conditional sentences.
9 OD
in spite of the dreadful
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
2 hadn't gone off
b Sorry, but I would have contacted you if I had received
3 lend you my phone provided
your text message.
4 are responsible for cooking
c Sorry, I wouldn't have been late ifthere hadn't been a
5 had I not worn I if I hadn't worn
traffic jam.
6 enough marks unless you start
d If I'd known when your birthday was, I'd have bought you a
present.
e If we hadn't got home so late, we could have watched a Speaking Part 3 i>~9~134
DVD together.
10
Collocations with say, speak, talk and tell
POSSIBLE ANSWER 1
If I had been Jill Frame, I wouldn't have crossed the
motorway. If I had been her, I would have waved to passing
OD ()
0
a speak b tell c speak d say e told f tell 3
motorists until one of them phoned the police. g talking h tell 3
c
::i
Mixed conditionals Confusing verbs: hope, wait, expect, look
()
OJ
!:!".
11 forward to 0
::i
OD 2
a The holiday has already happened.
b They haven't gone on holiday yet. OD
a 3 b 4 c 2 d 1
12
3
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a I wouldn't be at university OD
a waiting for d hope you'll like
b I'd be in the Caribbean now
b expecting e expecting
c I'd be able to buy a new car
c looking forward to getting f looking forward to
d I'd be earning less money today
e I wouldn't have to work
f I wouldn't be here today
Showing you are listening
4 Ask students to think both about how effective these courses
unless, as long as, provided that of action would be to help people make friends, and also if
they would consider trying them themselves and why I why
13 not.
OD 5
a Unless you work harder, you'll fail your exams.
b You'll pass your driving test as long as you practise enough. OD
c You can borrow my car provided that you buy your own a The candidates say that volunteering is a good way to
petrol. meet people, as you work with other volunteers who have
d You can't I mustn't phone me unless you have some similar interests to you and there is an incentive to get on
important news.
77
with your colleagues. The fact that you are not working for Candidate A They can.
money means there will be less competition. Candidate B But then if you meet them, they're often a
b The candidates say that you do not really know if someone disappointment.
is a friend until you meet them. You can think someone is a Candidate A Yes, I've had a couple of disappointments like
friend on a website but change your mind when you meet that.
them in person. Also, social networking sites don't help Candidate B Oh yeah?
when you have moved to a new place. Candidate A Yes, it wasn't important, but it shows how wrong
you can be about a person when you haven't met them,
Audioscript 2·14 doesn't it?
Examiner Now, I'd like you to talk about something together
Candidate B And in any case I can't see how joining a new
for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine you are moving
to a new town and you would like to make some new friends.
networking site would help you to make new friends if you
moved to a new place.
I
Here are some actions you could take and a question for
Examiner Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide
you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task.
which two actions would be most likely to help people to
Now talk to each other about how these actions might help
make new friends.
people to make new friends.
Candidate A Okay, well, to start with I think lots of people find
it difficult to make new friends in situations where there are Question tags
lots of people they don't know, at a party, for example. I know
I do. So inviting people to a party wouldn't help people like 6
me.
OD
Candidate B Really? a aren't they? b do they? c don't they? d haven't you?
Candidate A Yes, I don't like being somewhere with a lot of e aren't you? f can't they? g doesn't it?
people I've never met before.
c
Candidate B Oh, don't you, I do. I find it really exciting - in fact,
0 Pronunciation
m I've made some really good friends at parties, so having a
u party I could invite new people to would really help me.
c 7
::i Candidate A People are different, though, aren't they? I
E mean many people tend to make new friends on education OD
E Intonation usually falls for question tags when you expect
0 courses or at sports clubs - places where they go to actually
~
agreement and rises when you are not sure of the answer.
do something active.
a fall b fall c rise d rise e fall f fall g fall
Candidate B I suppose so, but nobody actually does an
education course to make new friends, do they? 8
Candidate A No, probably not, but people do make.new
friends once they're there, don't they? Especially if it was OD
part-time, an evening course maybe. a 1 rise b A:falling c Sentence 1 goes with rule B.
Candidate B Yes, of course. 2 fall B: rising Sentence 2 goes with rule A.
Candidate A You must have made one or two friends while
Audioscript 2·15
you were on a course, haven't you?
The theory part of the driving test isn't difficult, is it? (rising
Candidate B Yes, I have, but when I'm studying, my mind is on
intonation)
the course, not on the other students.
The theory part of the driving test isn't difficult, is it? (falling
Candidate A Is that right? I think that's quite unusual. I can
intonation)
concentrate on the course and pay attention to other
students. What about working as a volunteer for a charity
organization? 9
Candidate B Yes, I think that's a really good idea. If you're a OD
volunteer you're probably working with other volunteers who 1 isn't it 2 won't you 3 are you 4 have you 5 wasn't it
have similar ideas to you. You're working for other people,
aren't you? So it's important to get on with your colleagues, Exam practice: Collaborative task &
isn't it?
discussion
Candidate A Yes, I hadn't thought of it like that. You're not
doing it for money so you're not competing with other 1O This task practises the decision-making task in Part 3 of
people in any way, are you? the Speaking paper in which students have to come to an
Candidate B And social networking sites? agreement regarding the topic they have been discussing.
Candidate A I've never made any good friends myself that way. Refer students to the Tip before they start the task and
Candidate B I know what you mean. People can seem to be remind them that the way they interact with their partner is
good friends, can't they? also crucial in this part of the exam. The examiner is looking
78
for evidence of collaborative communication, so they Question 4. You hear a woman talking about a party
need to make sure they listen to their partner and respond she went to.
appropriately to the ideas he or she expresses. I have to admit, life would have been dull if I hadn't
11 Students' own answers. told the occasional lie. Not wicked ones - just little lies that
don't hurt anyone. I remember once at a party, I got stuck
with this really boring boy. All he could talk about was
listening Part 1 11ageB6
football. After about twenty minutes, I was really fed up, so
I told him my cousin played for England - his eyes nearly
Thmnkahead popped out of his head. He wanted to know my cousin's
1 Students' own answers. name, and could I introduce him. When I said it was David
Beckham, I thought he was going to faint with excitement.
Exam practice: Multiple choke It's not true - I just wanted to see his face.
2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. Question 5. You hear a man talking about an
Give students plenty of time to read through the questions accident he was involved in.
and options, underlining any key words so they know what On the way back, I was really tired. I should have
information to listen out for. stopped for a quick nap, but I didn't. I kept going 'cos it was
late and I wanted to get home. It was easy driving - there
was hardly any traffic on the road. But unfortunately, I
c B A A A nodded off for a second, went off the road and scraped the
car against a tree. There wasn't much damage to the car -
Audioscript 2·16
and I was fine after that. As soon as I got home, I told my dad
You will hear people talking in eight different
that I'd hit a tree, but what I didn't say was that I'd nodded off.
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B
''"'""""'"'"'" Question 6. You hear a woman talking about a
or C).Question 1. You will hear a woman talking about an
phone call she answered.
invitation she turned down.
The other day, the phone rang, and my brother
Wom<m I was at my boyfriend's house a cou pie of weeks ago,
asked me to answer it. He thought it was probably his friend
and his mother asked me if I'd like to stay for lunch. I said I
Barbara and he didn't want to speak to her. He asked me to
was expected home, but it was a complete lie - I'd actually
say he wasn't in. Actually, it wasn't Barbara - it was another n
told my parents I'd be out all day and not to expect me 0
friend of his: Annie. Anyway, I just said he was out. Later, 3
home before the evening. The thing is, I'd eaten at his house 3
when I told him who it was, he was absolutely furious. His
before and the food was terrible. But you can't tell the truth in c
exact words were: 'If I'd known it was Annie, I'd have spoken :J
situations like that, can you? n
to her: That's one of the problems about lying for someone DJ
. Question 2. You hear a man being interviewed about c:!"".
else, isn't it? 0
:J
Question 7. You hear two people talking about
So why do you think the general public don't
something which one of them has bought.
trust people like you?
Didn't you think it was a bit strange, someone
I think there are two main reasons. Firstly, we're famous
offering you such a bargain at a motorway service area?
for breaking our promises, aren't we? When we want people
M;;;n Not really. It looked exactly like the real thing. And
to vote for us, we pretend that we can make everything
anyway, I've needed a new one for ages - mine hasn't kept
right. We say things like 'This time next year you'll all have
proper time since I dropped it in the bath.
more money in your pocket'. And sometimes it's impossible
So when did you realize you'd been tricked?
to make these things happen - it's then that people accuse
As soon as I took it out of its case, I knew it was a fake.
us of telling lies. The second reason is to do with the party
When I turned it over it said Made in Toyland on the back!
system - we all have to say we agree with our party leader,
Question 8. You hear a woman talking about
whether we really do or not.
something she did for her sister.
Question 3. You hear a woman talking about
My sister was on holiday last summer. She was
meeting a neighbour in town.
expecting her exam results towards the end of August and
I'm not really keen on lying, but I was in town the
she'd asked me to open her letters and telephone her with
other day and I bumped into one of my neighbours. She
the results as soon as they arrived. She'd only been away
said she'd heard that my sister and her husband had split up,
about a week when the letter came - I was so excited, I just
and she wanted to know if it was true. I kept a straight face
ripped it open without thinking. I couldn't believe it. She'd
and said I'd no idea. It was a lie, of course - I mean I'd known
failed. I didn't know what to do. I couldn't tell her. She rang
• about it for ages, but I wasn't going to give our family secrets
1 away to someone I hardly knew. The trouble is, she'd have
the next day and I said the letter hadn't come. I mean, if I'd
. told her the result, it would have ruined her holiday.
wanted to know all the details, and everyone would have ....... ...................... •
~
~
the Writing guide on page 182 for an overview of writing
1
articles.
l3D
,, Students' own answers.
Openings should grab the reader's attention in some way. Unit 11 Review page 140
81
3 ' and Timothy Carlyle. There was no forced entry to the house,
no broken windows or doors, so we concluded that the
~
past IJ present ( future present murderer and the victim must have known each other.
Tell me about Prince. He found the body, didn't he?
4 That's right, and contacted us. He heard the shot.
He's Miller's neighbour and has known him for years.
Im What's his financial situation?
have+ past participle
mstir~(t\lr He was a financial director until two years ago. He
iJ be +-ing
infinitive without to lost his job and things have gone very wrong for him since.
~! infinitive without to
He's got a lot of debts.
Other structures with similar meanings: So, we have a motive - money. What else do we know
about him?
must: probably, bound to
might: maybe, perhaps, possibly He's got a few bad habits. He's a heavy drinker. He
has a gambling problem. His wife divorced him last year.
5 He's in quite a state - unshaven, unwashed, no smart clothes.
Offker Right ... one unhappy man. What about Margaret
mD McKenzie?
"' could I must I might be; might not have been
She's the housekeeper. She worked for Miller for
can't have said
about three years. I got the impression she didn't like him
~ can't I may I might I must not have heard
very much. I don't think her wages were very high, and
can't have left
she's got three children.
e must have got
Husband?
f could I may I might have been wearing
In prison - for burglary - he's a master at blowing
g can't have forgotten; may I might I must have happened;
up safes, apparently.
! could I may I might have broken down
' Offi(e~ Interesting ... Miller's safe was blown, wasn't it?
Ii must have taken
That's right.
! 6
«m
in his own home
i'l
b late on Friday evening
Oilk!f!~ OK. Anything else? Does she have any bad habits?
Drinking? Drugs?
None that we know about. Well, she smokes
cigarettes, but that's about all.
Offk!'!r Timothy Carlyle?
8
Relationship to Miller: best friend
Marital status: single Wi1m!fi,U®Wrm
Possible motive: money, jealousy Somebody must have been drinking whisky because there are
Bad habits: drinking two glasses on the table and an open bottle.
The murderer must have been a smoker because there is an
Audioscript 2·17 unfinished cigarette in the ashtray.
How's the Miller Case going, Inspector? The murderer must have known where the safe was because the
Well, Ma'am ... I've just finished interviewing our picture has been removed.
three main suspects. That's Simon Prince, Margaret McKenzie
The murderer might have been a man because there is a man's Worrying about money can also cause stress which can lead
hat left on the table, or the murderer could have been a woman to problems within families.
because a woman's scarf has been left on the armchair.
9 Students listen to the recording to check their answers. Exam practice: Multiple matching
3 Make sure students read the options before they listen to the
Audioscript 2·18 recording and underline key words which help them to know
Officer Congratulations, Inspector. I hear you've made an what to listen out for. Read the Tip with the class before they
arrest. attempt the task and remind them to use the key words to
Inspector That's right. try to make as many choices of answer as possible the first
Officer Perhaps you could fill me in? time they hear the audio.
Inspector Of course. We made a detailed study of the crime
scene. There were two glasses on the coffee table and a half ma
empty bottle of whisky. This suggested that the victim must Speaker 1: G
have known his murderer. Speaker 2: F
Officer And that the murderer was a drinker. Speaker 3: A
Inspector That's right. This ruled out McKenzie and pointed to Speaker4: E
either Prince or Carlyle, who both drink. There was, however, Speaker 5: C
a cigarette in the ashtray. We found no cigarettes belonging D, B and H are not used.
to Miller in the house, so we assume he was a non-smoker.
Audioscript 2·19
The only smoker amongst our suspects is McKenzie. We also
Narrator You will hear five short extracts in which people are
found a lady's scarf on one of the chairs, again pointing to
talking about money. For questions 1-5, choose from the
the housekeeper. Also, the Hoover was still in the room and
list (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only once.
it was plugged in! That said to me she must have been in the
There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.
house at the time of the murder, otherwise it would have
You now have thirty seconds to look at Part 3.
been put away.
Speakerl For some people it's a harmless enough activity.
Officer Then of course there was the fact that explosives were
They can have the odd bet, buy the occasional lottery ticket
used ...
and it doesn't do them any harm. But for me it was like the
Inspector ... and McKenzie's husband is in prison for using
money didn't have any value; it was just about winning. As
explosives.
soon as I had cash I'd gamble it away. Fortunately, I was U1
Officer So you arrested Margaret McKenzie. 0
one of the lucky ones; I got help and my family were very
Inspector Yes, we did. But ... there's something else ... ~
supportive. And I don't have a problem with it any more ... CD
Officer The whisky glasses .. . r-1"
'<
I don't think it's considered a problem by society in the same
Inspector ... and the hat. There was a man's hat on the table.
way that drug addiction is, for example, but I think it should
Officer Simon Prince's?
be.
Inspector No ... I decided it can't have been his ... it was too
Speaker 2 Some people say that drugs are largely to blame for
smart.
most criminal activity these days and that if they legalized
Officer Timothy Carlyle?
hard drugs it would make a huge difference to the crime
Inspector That's right. He and McKenzie were in it together ".
figures. But I hope they never do 'cos then I'd be out of a
for the money.
job! I'm not an addict myself. I don't do drugs. That's for idiots
and that's not why I became a dealer. It was simply a case of
making a living. OK, I know that in the eyes of the law I'm a
Listening Part 3 criminal, but if I don't do it someone else will. That's how I see
it. It's an easy way to make money, but unless I get caught,
Think ahead I've got no intention of doing an ordinary job. There's just not
1 Students' own answers. enough money in it.
Speaker 3 When I was at university, I took out a loan to help
2 me pay my way, and by the time I graduated I owed £4,000.
POSSIBLE ANSWER To be honest, I wasn't really bothered at first as I expected to
Money has always been important as the means to buy and get a good job straight away and be able to pay it back quite
sell things, but nowadays people seem to value money for its quickly. However, I still haven't got a proper job and now I
own sake too much. People also spend too much these days owe £3,000 on my credit cards on top of the bank loan, and
on things they cannot afford and often don't need. People I've got absolutely no idea what I'm going to do. I realize
are encouraged through advertising to want more and more it's entirely my own fault, but I think credit card companies
items such as fast cars, big houses, clothes and expensive and banks are also to blame. It's just too easy to get credit
holidays. Banks often give credit too easily. These factors nowadays.
can cause people to get into debt or even to commit crimes.
83
Money was always a problem. When I met John he Grammar (2) page14a
had a good job, but he lost it shortly after we got married.
' However, I had a job and I thought we could make ends Think ahead
meet. Then I got pregnant and had to give up work to look
i after the baby. John still couldn't find a job and by this time 1
there was another one on the way. We couldn't afford to
buy nice things for the kids or go out or do anything. That's
llm
a If you add the first two figures of your age, multiply by the
when we started arguing, and from then on things just got
second then divide by the first ... it won't change a thing,
\ worse. In the end we split up. I think if we hadn't had money
you'll still be a year older.
· problems, we might still be together.
You know you're getting on when someone gives you a
5 If you owe money, you worry about how on earth
cake ... and you can't see it for the candles.
you are going to pay it back. If you can't afford to buy your
The secret of staying young is the careful use of make-up
kids presents for Christmas you get stressed and upset. Even
... just make up an age and stick to it.
when you've got enough money, you think you need more.
The cards show that people often make jokes about
; I got caught up in the rat race, just trying to earn more and
getting older and that older people are teased about their
more. I was working too hard, and if I hadn't done something
appearance and their memory.
about it I'd have found myself having a heart attack when
I was still in my forties. Now I realize there are far more
important things in life than money.
Articles
2 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the
Grammar reference on page 174 for help with this task.
Over to you (311
4 Students' own answers. a 2 0 0 the the 0 7a an 90
The 11 the a an a 15 the the
0
Speaking Parts 1, 2, 3 & 4 page147
3 Students' own answers.
Exam pradke: Short exchanges
1 Read through the Tips with the class before starting this Vocabu~ary page
rehearsal of the entire speaking paper. Emphasize especially
that students should always try to relax because this will Think ahead
help them to perform better. If either their partner or their
1 Students' own answers.
examiner says something they don't understand, all they
need to do is ask them politely to explain and I or repeat. 2 Check students understand the meaning of fund-raising
events (occasions involving activities that help to bring in
money for charity) before they start their discussion.
long turn
2 Remind students of the importance of approaching this task in 3
an organized way. Tell them to have in their head a clear list of
various separate points they want to make about the pictures
m1i
;, every two years
and then to go through these systematically as they speak.
over £600 million
This will help them avoid repeating themselves or getting
everyone
confused. Encourage them to practise at home so they can
get a clear idea of how much they can say in one minute.
Exam pradke: Multiple-choke doze
Collaborative task 4 When students have completed the task, check they
understand the meaning of these words: set up (started);
3 & 4 Encourage students to discuss each picture together
get something across (give a message to people, explain
before they try to make a decision. In fact, it is not essential for
something); hard-hitting (usually shocking and having a serious
the candidates to come to a decision if they are still involved
impact on people); donations (money given to charity).
in the discussion at the end of the three minutes they have for
this task. The important thing is to demonstrate that they can mi
interact effectively and keep the discussion going. D up 2 C get C called B for A collecting
D part A whole B viewers
Di5cusslcn
S Remind students to listen to each other and make comments
or ask questions to elicit additional information. They should
support any opinions they give or any points they made with
reasons and examples.
84
Writing Part 2 - Report e As the show was a huge success, we're going to organize
another one next year.
f Students donated both games they don't play with any
Think ahead
more and books they don't read any more.
1 g Not only was the sponsored bike ride very enjoyable, but it
also raised a lot of money.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
h As well as offering a prize of a dinner for two, a local
Ways of raising money: a lottery; sponsored events; holding restaurant also made a donation to the school.
a concert; collecting money; asking for donations; holding Although the school raised £500, it wasn't enough to buy
fetes or fairs; charity shops; fundraising events on TV. everything they wanted.
a A lottery is likely to raise the most money on a regular The director thanked all the students who had helped to
basis, although a concert or an evening offundraising make the event a success.
hosted by celebrities on TV would raise the most in one go.
b Collecting money in the street would probably be the
Exam practice: Report
easiest to organize.
6 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they start work
on the task and encourage them to refer to the appropriate
Exam skills
section of the Writing guide on page 184 for an overview of
2 report writing.
OD
a formal Unit 12 Review
b suggestions on how to raise money to buy books for the
school 1
c yes
OD
3 Tell students to ignore the bold text and underlined 1 was arrested for vandalizing
sentences at this stage. When students have read through 2 he owed his success to
the report, ask them to make comments about its 3 to let his mother hit
organization and style. (It is organized under three headings: 4 was interested in helping
Introduction, which sets the scene; Fund-raising activities, 5 must have heard
(f)
which contains the main information; and Recommendation, 6 may I might not have wanted 0
n
which is the conclusion. The ideas in the main information 7 that the elderly keep I for the elderly to keep (ij'
rt'
section, Fund-raising activities, are organized as separate 8 was such a popular event '<
numbered points.)
2
OD
a two: organize a sponsored race; charge an entrance fee for OD
the next end-of-year show A
b Students' own answers. 1 The 2 0 3 a 4 the 5 0 6 A I The 7 the 8 a
9 the 10 the
Complex sentences B
1 0 2 0 3 a 4 the 5 a 6 the 7 The 8 the
4 You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 109-110
for this unit.
OD
As I Because I Since all the proceeds would go towards the
purchase of books, I am certain our parents would be happy
to contribute.
5
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
a You could collect money in the town centre on a Saturday,
which is the busiest day.
b We collected a lot of money, so the school was able to buy
the books it needed.
c In addition to buying books, they were able to buy a new
computer.
d Despite the weather being very bad, people still collected a
lot of money.
85
Unit Test 1
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in italics.
When I was at school, everybody (1) must I had to wear a school uniform, although ties weren't compulsory
so we (2) didn't need to wear I needn't have worn them. We could choose if we wanted to wear a jacket, so I did
although I (3) shouldn't I needn't have. I liked this system, because it meant people (4) didn't have to worry I
needn't have worried about very strict discipline, and we respected the rules. Things are a bit different
these days. My daughter attends a school where pupils (5) must I need to wear a full school uniform. They
(6) mustn't I don't have to wear any jewellery, they (7) don't need to I mustn't eat in class and they (8) have to I
need to do what they are told at all times. I think schools (9) need to I mustn't have strict rules. Parents
(10) need to I don't have to be able to have confidence in the authority of the school. Luckily, my daughter
is a sensible girl, so I (11) don't need to I mustn't worry about her too much. The only problem I've had was
when she wore a pair of earrings to class, which she knows she (12) needn't I mustn't do. I (13) had to/ must
go and see the headmistress and tell her she wouldn't do it again. She knows she (14) should I has to respect
the school's rules, and she doesn't like it when I check her ears each morning. She always says, 'Mum, you
(15) needn't/mustn't do that because I promise I won't wear them again'.
__ / 15 marks
__ / 5 marks
3 Complete these sentences with a word related to the word in bold at the end of each sentence.
a Someone who copies other peoples' signatures to get access to their assets is said to be a
- - - - · fraud
b My uncle works in a services company in London, and he works so hard! finance
c When my grandmother entered the home, she was not impressed. 'I wanted to travel the
world when I grew old, not sit in an armchair; she said with a frown. retire
d She can copy anyone's accent and mannerisms because she is a good . impersonate
e If he had studied harder at school, he would have some and be able to get a better
job. qualify
__ / 5 marks
6 Complete these sentences with the rnrrect form of a word from the list.
gaze look notice stare watch
a I've never before how blue his eyes are.
b at that building over there! It's beautiful.
c I at her in disbelief
d Do you want to _ _ _ _ television tonight?
e They lovingly at their new baby.
__ / 5 marks
7 Complete these sentences with a part of the The first letter is given.
a You shrug yours ________ when you don't know something.
b If you stub your t_ _on something, it hurts.
c Fortune tellers can predictthe future by reading other peoples' p___ -·
d A watch can be worn on the left or the right w ___ -·
e When my husband asked me to marry him, he got down on one k_ _ -·
__ / 5 marks
Total __ / 50
1 Provide a word or phrase that is synonymous with the word in italics in the sentences below.
a We would like to formally invite you to participate in our annual public speaking competition. _ _ __
b I found the book accidentally while I was cleaning the attic. _ _ __
c He has the natural skill to be a good rugby player. _ _ __
d Presently, I am living in Iceland. _ _ __
e Too much pressure is not good for your heart. _ _ __
__ /5 marks
2 Rewrite the sentences, using can I can't or could I couldn't and making any other necessary changes.
a You are able to do it! Come on, keep trying! _ _ __
b When I was younger, I was able to swim fast. _ _ __
c If you lost a little weight, you would probably be able to fit into that dress. _ _ __
d He wouldn't have been able to finish the exam even if he'd had more time. _ _ __
e I have tried and tried, but I am still unable to do it. _ _ __
__ /5 marks
3 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar
meaning.
bad
good
narrow
large
careful
thin
important
happy
__ / 10 marks
__ /5 marks
6 Match the meaning of get in sentences 1-5 with its more formal equivalent in a-e.
I couldn't get you on the phone, even though I tried several times. _ _ __ a buy
2 We gotthe train because it was quicker. _ _ __ b arrived
3 Did you remember to get me a newspaper? _ _ __ c contact
4 Sorry, I didn't get what you said. Can you say it again? _ _ __ d caught
5 By the time we got there, Tom had already gone. _ _ __ e understand
__ / 5 marks
7 Complete these sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list.
turn back turn into turn over turn to turn up
a Top professional football clubs an enormous amount of money.
b Jemma late for work on her first day because she missed the bus.
c The road was blocked because of an accident, so they had to _ _ __
d Ray a really good athlete since he started training more seriously.
e My older brother is someone I can always when I've got a problem.
__ / 5 marks
8 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in italics.
a His arrival I arriving will be exciting.
b The national employee/ employment level is improving.
c People have more money in times of prosperity I prosperous.
d I like to get as much information/informed as I can before I start.
e The completing I completion date is quite soon, I think.
__ / 5 marks
Total __ / 50
_ _ / 10 marks
2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of used to I didn't use to, be used to I not be used to
or get used to I not get used to and the verb in brackets.
a When I was younger, I (wear) glasses, but now I don't need them.
b I'm (cycle) now, although it was strange at first because I'd always driven everywhere.
c I don't think I'll ever (live) in the city, because I grew up in the country.
d I _ _ _ _ (not I eat) so much at lunchtime. I'm falling asleep.
e I (drive) on the left-hand side of the road because it's the same in my country.
f I (not I smoke), but now I do. I'm trying to stop.
g It often takes some time to (be) a new parent.
h I (not I have) a siesta when I first moved to Spain, but now I love it.
There _ _ _ _ (not I be) a cinema here, but now there is.
_ _ _ _ (have) long hair when I was a teenager, but now I prefer it short.
_ _ / 10 marks
__ / 5 marks
5 Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list.
give away give back give in give out give up on
a Jack refused to , even though he knew he'd lose the match.
b I didn't go and see the film because Tom the ending by mistake.
c I'll you your CD next week.
d Protestors were _ _ _ _ leaflets outside Parliament yesterday.
e He's been unemployed so long now, I've almost _ _ _ _ him.
__ / 5 marks
6 Use the words below to complete the sentences. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
completely hurriedly often only surprisingly unfortunately
a _ _ _ _,my friend has gone to live far away.
b I _ _ _ _ agree with your idea.
c I go to the cinema as as I can because I really love films.
d She packed her bag and left the house.
e She is _ _ _ _ smart for someone so young.
__ / 5 marks
I Correct any mistakes in the sentences below. Not all the sentences have mistakes.
__ / 5 marks
Function Example
Making a suggestion
Expressing certainty
Giving an opinion
Agreeing I Disagreeing
__ / 5 marks Total __ / 50
2 Complete these sentences with either the future perfect or the future continuous form of the verb
in brackets.
a In two years' time, we _ _ _ _ (be) married for 40 years.
b This time next week, I (fly) across the Atlantic.
c By this time next month, I (finish) my course at university.
d In years to come, women (have) children at a later age than now.
e By the year 2050, the average size of the family (decrease).
__ / 5 marks
__ / 5 marks
6 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar
meaning.
a My brother looks much happier. I think he's stopped working so hard. given
My brother must _ _ _ _ working so hard. He looks much happier.
b If your neighbours are making too much noise, you should raise it with your landlord. bring
Why with your landlord if you're concerned about the noise your neighbours are making7
c My cat is finding it difficult to adjust to our new garden. used
My cat can't _ _ _ _ our new garden.
d If it were my decision, there would be fair trade between countries. up
lf _ _ _ _ there'd be fair trade between countries.
e Some places are cheaper than others. more
Some places are than others.
_ _ / 5 marks
Total __ / 50
1 Complete these sentences with the words in brackets, using either the past simple, past
continuous, past perfect or present perfect simple tense.
a I _ _ _ _ (visit) Havana before so I knew my way around the city.
b I (never I eat) sushi. Is it nice 7
c We (phone) the travel agent, but the line was engaged.
d What (do) at 10 p.m. last night?
e Sue (already I make) dinner by the time I suggested eating out.
f Tom studied French while he _ _ _ _ (live) in Paris.
g My friend called to let us know that the restaurant _ _ _ _ (close) years ago.
h How long ago (you I start) learning Urdu?
i They (not I organize) their visas yet.
j As soon as we (check in), we went for a coffee.
k I (learn) a lot about French culture when I went to Paris.
I Fiona (pack) her suitcase when she found the letter.
m (ever I try) couscous? It's North African.
n Oh dear, we (not I bring) our dictionary.
o I (not I realize) it would be so hot when I chose this resort.
__ / 15 marks
2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in italics.
a It is my believe I belief that kindness is a virtue.
b It is not necessary I necessity to phone me every day.
c Constructive/Construction criticism can be very helpful.
d Farmers/Farming plays an important part in all societies and cultures.
e Your ring looks like it's very valuable/valued. How much did it cost?
f In all fair /fairness, she didn't know what she was doing.
g They live nearly I nearthe swimming pool.
h Heat I Heating our house is very expensive.
Can you believe I believing what they're saying!
j He works very efficiency I efficiently.
__ / 10 marks
c happy d_______ _
d angry f_ ____ _
e cold f_ _____ _
f scared t _______ _
g funny h_______ _
h clean s______ _
big h__ _
j surprised a____ _
__ / 10 marks
__ / 10 marks
5 Complete the text with the correct phrasal verb from the list.
pick up see off set off stop over take off
When Sophie phoned to tell me she was coming for a holiday, I was really excited and offered to
(1) her from the airport. Her plane (2) from Australia at 6 a.m. and she
was (3) in Delhi, so I knew she'd be tired when she arrived. I (4) early and arrived in
time to meet her coming through arrivals. We spent a great month together, and I've decided to go and visit
her in Sydney. When I (5) her at the airport, we both had tears in our eyes!
__ / 5 marks
Total __ / 50
1 Complete these sentences with a gen.md or an infinitive form of the verb in brackets.
a I managed _ _ _ _ (buy) some tickets for the concert.
b They admitted (be) there when it happened.
c Have you considered (move) house?
d We can't afford (go) on holiday this year.
e I've given up (try) to remember his name. My memory is terrible!
f We regret (inform) you that your application has been unsuccessful.
g I really need (sleep) for at least eight hours a night.
h (smoke) is bad for your health.
I can't stand not _ _ _ _ (be) able to sleep at night.
j He intends (travel) the world next year.
k I love (watch) old films on TV
I I hope (winJ the competition.
m Have you thought about (start) your own business?
n Did you agree (go) with her?
o _ _ _ _ (live) in a city can be stressful.
__ / 15 marks
3 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar
meaning.
a Nowadays, I find it difficult to remember dates. good
Nowadays, I'm dates.
b My friends didn't have enough money to buy the car they wanted. afford
My friends the car they wanted.
c My father said he'd meet me outside the rugby stadium. arranged
My father outside the rugby stadium.
d My colleague wishes he'd stayed at university. regrets
My colleague his education.
e It always worries me that I'll arrive late for meetings. time
I'm always worried about _ _ _ _ for meetings.
_ _ / 5 marks
__ /5 marks
6 Complete these sentences with a suitable adjective. The first letter is given.
__ /5 marks
7 Correct the words in italics in these sentences, using a word from the list in a suitable form.
__ /5 marks
Total __ / 50
__ /20 marks
2 Rewrite these sentences to make them passive, using the correct form of have.
a The hairdresser cut my hair yesterday.
I by the hairdresser yesterday.
b The manicurist has painted my nails.
I by the manicurist.
c A mechanic is going to service my car tomorrow.
_ _ _ _ tomorrow.
d A decorator is painting my kitchen at the moment.
I at the moment.
e The superma1·ket delivers my groceries.
I by the supermarket.
__ /5 marks
__ /5 marks
__ / 10 marks
Total __ / 50
__ / 20 marks
2 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar
meaning.
a 'Let's eat something healthy tonight; said Mike. suggested
Mike something healthy that night.
b 'Don't walk along the railway track; the official said to me. warned
The official along the railway track.
c 'If I were you, Jane, I'd forget about him; said Sally. advised
Sally about him.
d 'Close your book, Tom; the teacher said. told
The teacher his book.
e 'I'll pick Sally up from the station; said Mary. offered
Mary _ _ _ _ from the station.
__ / 10 marks
_ _ / 5 marks
4 Use the words below to make compound nouns then match them with a description a-j.
Some may need hyphens.
assistant board book break case card credit down key lecturer
make music off shop site take university up shop web
a You can use this to pay for things in shops.
b This is someone who teaches things.
c The moment when a plane leaves the ground.
d You get information from this on a computer.
e This is something you keep books on.
f This is someone who works in a shop.
g The part of a computer you type on.
h The failure of a marriage is an example of this.
Mascara and lipstick are examples of this.
j You can buy CDs and DVDs from here.
__ / 10 marks
__ / 5 marks
Total __ / 50
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the words given in brackets.
When I was younger, I was an (1) (act) member of our village's environmental group. Although
the (2) (populate) of the village was small, it was a big group. We believed that some things
were (3) (danger) for the world. We met regularly, and I found the meetings (4) _ _ __
(fascination). We discussed everything from the (5) (migrate) of birds from one part of the world
to another, to the danger of (6) (volcano) eruptions. I remember Tom had carried out a lot of
(7) (science) research, and he thought things through in a very (8) (system),
organized way. He was a clever man. Sometimes we had (9) (compete) to see who could give
the most (10) (interest) talk on an environmental issue. Although I am much older now, I still
belong to the same group.
__ / 10 marks
__ / 5 marks
5 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word given in capitals.
a Scuba-diving can be a _ _ _ _ sport, but it's fun. DANGER
b A great deal of research is being done on climate change. SCIENCE
c An was necessary due to severe flooding. EVACUATE
d I don't know what him so much about cars. FASCll\JATiON
e That volcano _ _ _ _ about three times a year. ERUPTION
f The bridge was by the earthquake this morning. DAMAGE
g He says that reading aloud is an way of learning pronunciation. EFFECT
h He's of so much but doesn't try. CAPABILITY
Lack of training has in poor scores. RESULTING
_ _ _ _ the ownership of lethal weapons is a good idea. BAN
__ / 10 marks
Total __ / 50
1 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar
meaning.
a He's always leaving his dirty clothes on the floor. leave
I wish _ _ _ _ his dirty clothes on the floor.
b I didn't go to university and now I can't find a job. gone
If only to university, I'd be able to find a job.
c It's raining a lot these days and I don't like it. rain
I wish so much.
d I regret not buying that mobile phone. had
If only that mobile phone.
e I can't find anyone to patent my idea. could
I wish someone to patent my idea.
f We don't have a dishwasher and I'd like one. wish
_ _ _ _ a dishwasher.
g It's a pity I threw away her mobile number. thrown
I wish away her mobile number.
h You're always interrupting me when I'm speaking! interrupt
I wish me when I'm speaking!
I regret telling you about it. only
If you about it.
I can't afford to go on holiday. wish
I afford to go on holiday.
__ /20 marks
2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
a I'd rather you _ _ _ _ (try) to do it yourself first.
b It's time we (stop) working so hard. I'm so tired.
c I'd rather (go) by myself
d It's time (have) lunch.
e It's time you (take) the car to have it serviced.
__ / 5 marks
__ / 5 marks
4 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word given in capitals.
a He'll be a inventor one of these days. FAME
b My new sofa is very _ _ __ COMFORT
c The website had some information. USE
d Becoming an inventor means having ideas. CREATE
e It's to send your product to several companies. ADVISE
f Some scientific experiments can be _ _ __ DANGER
g The table is - someone has spilt orange juice on it. STICK
h Always wear clothing when handling chemicals. PROTECT
The difficult climate means people are not spending as much. ECONOMY
j It's an area with a lot of factories. INDUSTRY
__ / 10 marks
Verb Noun
invent a)
b) discovery
produce c)
d) appliance
instruct e)
__ /5 marks
6 Complete these sentences with an adjective related to the word given in capitals.
a Robots do things in a very _ _ _ _ way. MECHANIC
b Going on holiday can be very _ _ __ COST
c The caring professions are very vocations. WORTH
d He was enough to remember to bring his umbrella. SENSE
e I consider myselfvery _ _ _ _ to have met my husband. FORTUNE
__ / 5 marks
Tota/ __ / 50
1 Complete each conditional sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
a If she'd had more self-confidence, they _ _ _ _ (offer) her the job.
b If I didn't have to work tomorrow, I (come) with you.
c If you (rest) for a few days, you'd feel better.
d If I don't get a good grade in the exam, I _ _ _ _ (not I go) to university.
e If I won the lottery, I _ _ _ _ (travel) around the world.
f If the red light is on, (not I leave) your seat.
g If we have enough money, we (visit) Japan.
h If I (love) him, I'd marry him.
If he (study) more when he was at school, he'd have a better job now.
j If you travel to India, you (need) a visa.
k If I (not I get) a job at the college, I wouldn't have met you.
I If water is heated to 100 degrees, it (boil).
m If she (get) a good grade in her test, she'll be happy.
n If you'd told me about it earlier, I (be) a lot happier now.
o If she (not I phone) me soon, I won't be happy.
__ / 15 marks
2 Rewrite the sentences using the word in bold so that the second sentence means the same.
a I'll lend you my CO if you promise to bring it back on Saturday. provided
I'll lend you my CO bring it back on Saturday.
b I'll be back tomorrow if there isn't an airline strike. unless
I'll be back tomorrow an airline strike.
c You can go out and play if you do your homework first. as
You can go out and play your homework first.
d You'll receive a pay rise if you work hard. that
You'll receive a pay rise hard.
e We'll keep winning all our games if we continue to practise. kmg
We'll keep winning all our games _ _ _ _ to practise.
__ / 10 marks
3 Complete these sentences with the correct form of talk, speak or tell.
a He can _ _ _ _ three languages fluently.
b You don't know anything about it! You're _ _ _ _ rubbish.
c I like people who their minds.
d How old were you when you learned to _ _ _ _ the time?
e To you the truth, I don't know.
__ / 5 marks
5 Complete the dialogue using the correct form of the verbs from the list.
expect hope look forward to wait
Are you (1) going to Scotland7
I can't (2) , but I'm really (3) that our car will be fixed soon because we want to
drive. I didn't (4) it to take the garage this long.
H!i!le10 When did you (5) to get it back7
Well, they said they (6) to get it back to us within two weeks, but they weren't sure. That
was three weeks ago! It wouldn't be so bad if the buses and trains were better.
I know. I had to (7) 40 minutes for a bus yesterday. How can the government
_ _ _ _ people to use public transport when it's so unreliable7
Anyway, I'm (9) the holiday, and I can't (10) to tell you all about it.
Yes, have a good trip. Bye.
__ / 10 marks
Total __ / 50
2 Complete these sentences using a suitable modal verb and the correct form of the verb in brackets.
a Joanne _ _ _ _ (be) feeling very well. She looks very pale.
b You (be) freezing. It's windy outside and you don't have a jacket.
c I (throw) away the plastic bags. I always reuse them.
d I wasn't sure about the second question. I (get) it wrong.
e 'We've been to Italy on holiday: 'That (be) nice:
f You (feel) exhausted. You've been working all day.
g Nice to have met you. You never know, we (meet) again one day.
h Terry definitely (miss) the bus. He should be here by now.
You (have) sore eyes after staring at the computer screen for hours.
j 'What was that noise?' 'I don't know. It (be) a cat:
__ / 10 marks
Crime Criminal
a) burglar
hooliganism b)
mugging c)
d) shoplifter
e) vandal
__ / 5 marks
__ / 5 marks
__ / 20 marks
Total __ / 50
A For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Child athletes
Child sporting prodigies risk serious (0) pvjcho\09ica\ and physical damage, an PSYCHOLOGY
(1) group of American doctors has warned. The American Academy of Paediatrics has INFLUENCE
found that children who (2) in one sport before puberty can suffer (3) burnout, SPECIAL, EMOTION
as well as damage to joints and bones, and heart problems. Furthermore, (4) is the time CHILD
when healthy eating habits should be established, but children doing sports like (5) , where GYMNAST
being slim is important, may not receive proper nutrition. Accordingly, the Academy suggests
(6) parents think twice before forcing young children into intensive (7) regimes. AMBITION, TRAIN
Another factor is that child athletes who are (8) early in life often have short careers, while SUCCESS
those who focus on one sport only after puberty are more (9) performers in the long term RELY
and suffer from fewer (10) _ _ __ INJURE
__ / 10 marks
B For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use
only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (O).
Women and gambling
It's hard to know exactly how many female compulsive gamblers there are. Unlike men, women are quick
to realize that they gamble mainly for emotional, (O) rather than financial, reasons. This makes them
ashamed and thus less likely (1) look for professional help.
Amy Turner's story is illustrative of the way in which many women become gambling addicts. In
December 1995 Amy won £2,000 in a lottery, (2) meant she and her husband were
(3) to have a wonderful Christmas. Unfortunately, soon (4) the birth of their
daughter, Amy and her husband broke (5) . Depressed and lonely, Amy (6) _ _ __
gamble as a way (7) filling the emotional void left by her failed marriage.
From spending a few pounds a week (8) lottery tickets and scratch cards, Amy became
(9) to gambling £250 a month and was struggling to pay the bills. She always
(10) to fill the fridge before she gambled but (11) only rarely be able to afford
treats for her daughter. By April 2001 she was nearly £2,000 (12) debt and was evicted from
her flat. Not long after, Amy was arrested (13) stealing money from a friend in order to buy
scratch cards. She decided it was time to give (14) gambling forever and joined the support
group Gamblers Anonymous. Since then, Amy has (15) to control her gambling habit, but
like all addicts, she knows that the desire to gamble will never go away.
__ / 15 marks
in your English dass you have been talking about exchange visits to other countries as a way
to learn a new language a11d find out about other cultures. Now your English teacher has asked
you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes imd give reasons for your point of view.
Notes
Write about:
Articles wanted
Are you a mobile phone addict?
How much time do you spend on your mobile phone each day?
How would you feel if your mobile phone vanished and you
could not replace it7
Why would you feel that way?
__ / 15 marks
Total __ / 50
A For questions 1-15, read the text beiow. Some of the lines have gaps. Use the word given in
capitals at the end of those lines to fill the gap. If the word given is a verb, then put the verb in its
correct form (active, passive or infinitive) to fit the gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
IQ tests
In 1904 the French psychologist Alfred Binet (0) divc\opid intelligence tests to help teachers in Paris DEVELOP
schools. His simple tests, which (1) the name Intelligence Quotient IQ tests, (2) _ _ __ GIVE, DESIGl\l
to make it easier (3) disruptive schoolchildren into a class that suited their abilities. At the PUT
time, Binet (4) users of the tests not to look at the test results in (5) , but to use WARN, ISOLATE
them along with other assessments of intelligence.
However, IQ tests are so easy to carry out that, in spite of Bi net's warnings, they (6) soon BE
used all over the world as the only method of (7) brainpower. In some countries, they have ASSESS
also (8) to support the testers' prejudices about race, social class or educational abilities. For USE
several years in Britain, school pupils who (9) tests of this type were not (10) to FAil,ALLOW
attend normal secondary schools because it was (11) that their low IQ scores FEEL
(12) they would never be capable of (13) well academically. MEAN, !PERFORM
Now, a century after their invention, IQ tests (14) still controversial, but psychologists say BE
they can still be useful in some specific situations. For example, they are helpful in deciding whether a
disruptive pupil (15) emotional or academic problems. That, of course, was Bi net's intention HAVE
all along.
__ /15marks
2 She went to see the film three times because she enjoyed it so much.
ENJOYABLE
She found _ _ _ _ she went to see it three times.
5 'I'll take you to the bank, Mary - it's on my way to work,' said Joe.
DROP
Joe offered _ _ _ _ at the bank on his way to work.
__ / 10 marks
C For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Business etiquette in Britain
Many (0) foreigners believe that the British are more formal than they really are. Nowadays, FOREIGN
first names are used among colleagues and are (1) common on the phone, even INCREASE
when there has been no personal (2) . Handshaking is (3) , except for first INTRODUCE, APPROPRIATE
meetings, or when people see each other again after a long (4) . Also surprising is the ABSENT
British attitude towards (5) : business meetings frequently start ten minutes late, and on PUNCTUAL
social occasions it is (6) to arrive on time. If you receive an (7) to dinner, POUTE, INVITE
you should arrive ten to twenty minutes after the stated time.
In conversation, politeness is valued, so British people avoid strong (8) of opinion. STATE
This sometimes gives the impression that they are (9) , but it is in fact just their way of DECIDE
avoiding (1 O) or confrontation. ARGUE
__ / 10 marks
1 You have recently had a dass discussion about the intemet. Now your English teacher has
asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.
The internet has revolutionized the way people live and work.
What do you think about this statement?
Notes
Write about:
2 You have received this email from your English-speaking friend Mildred.
From: Mildred
Subject: Your holiday in Australia
How was your short camping holiday to Australia? Please tell me
about the experience. I would love to know what you did and the
things you liked or didn't like about the holiday.
Best wishes,
Mildred
__ / 15 marks
Total __ / 50
A For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Tourism
Tourism, (0) which employs 200 million people, is probably the largest industry in the world
nowadays. Nearly 700 million people internationally (1) on holiday each year - a figure
(2) is likely to double by the year 2020. The industry is particularly important to less
developed countries, (3) it is often their main source of income.
However, along with the economic benefits, this mass movement of people has resulted (4) _ _ __
threats (5) the environment. Among the most serious of these is the issue of carbon
emissions from aircraft, which (6) directly to global warming. Deforestation has cleared land
(7) order to build hotels, airports and roads, and this has destroyed wildlife. In some areas,
water shortages are now common (8) of the need to fill swimming pools and water golf
courses for tourists. By pushing up prices for goods and services, tourism can also be destructive
(9) the people (10) live in tourist destinations.
In response to these concerns, some travel operators now offer eco-friendly holidays. Many of these aim
to reduce the negative effects (11) tourism by only promoting hotels that have
(12) in equipment to recycle waste and use energy and water efficiently. Increasingly, tourists
are also being reminded to show respect (13) the customs of the people (14) _ _ __
countries they are going to visit, and to support local businesses such as restaurants and shops, which
depend (15) tourism for their main income.
C For questions 1-5 below, complete the second sentence so tha't it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two
and five words, induding the word given. There is an example at the begirming (0).
0 I haven't seen John for several weeks.
LAST
It's several weeks vinc.c I lavt 5aw John.
4 There's no beer in the fridge - it looks like they drank it all last night
HAVE
They _ _ _ _ beer last night because there is none in the fridge now.
5 I'll come to the cinema with you this evening if my cold gets better.
SEE
Unless my cold improves, I _ _ _ _ the film with you.
__ / 10 marks
2 The local radio station in your town is planning to broadcast a new one-hour programme once
a week in English, aimed at people of your age who are learning English. The radio station
has invited listeners to write reports suggesting what kind of material they would like to hear
induded in the new programme.
__ / 15 marks
Total __ /50
UnitTest 1 7
a shoulders b toe c palms d wrist e knee
1
had to 1 mark for each correct answer
2 didn't need to wear Total marks: 50
3 needn't
4 didn't have to worry Unit Test 2
5 must
6 mustn't 1
7 mustn't a take part I be involved
8 have to b by chance I by mistake I unexpectedly I unintentionally
9 need to c ability I talent
10 need to d At present I At the moment I Currently I Now /These days
11 don't need to e stress
12 mustn't 1 mark for each correct answer
13 had to
14 has to 2
15 needn't a You can do it!
b ... I could swim fast.
1 mark for each correct answer
c ... you could probably fit into that dress.
2 d He couldn't have finished ...
a to b in c of d to e about/ over e ... I still can't do it.
1 mark for each correct answer 1 mark for each correct answer
3 3
a fraudster b financial c retirement a manage to book I get
d impersonator e qualifications b succeeded in passing
c managed to score
1 mark for each correct answer d succeeded in finding
e was able to swim
4
a She's not talking 2 marks for each correct answer
b He goes
c I go 4
d They never play heavier the heaviest
e drink worse the worst
f She's working better the best
g erupts narrower the narrowest
h We're catching more independent the most independent
She's living larger the largest
eat more careful the most careful
thinner the thinnest
1 mark for each correct answer more important the most important
happier the happiest
5
a acting b conceal c confidential d peer e judge 1 mark for each correct answer
1 mark for each correct answer
6
a noticed b Look c stared d watch e gazed
1 mark for each correct answer
120 First Masterclass Test Answer Keys Photocopiable ©Oxford University Press
5 4
not nearly as fast as cut down on putting on light up get by
by far the easiest e given up
the best
1 mark for each correct answer
d a little cleverer
considerably later I more late 5
1 mark for each correct answer give in
gave away I had given away
6 give (you) back
c d a e b giving out
given up on
1 mark for each correct answer
1 mark for each correct answer
7
turn over turned up turn back has turned into 6
turn to Unfortunately completely often hurriedly
surprisingly
1 mark for each correct answer
1 mark for each correct answer
8
arrival employment prosperity d information 7
completion My neighbour makes a lot of noise.
Can I have five pieces of equipment, please?
1 mark for each correct answer
She asked for a sheet of paper to write on.
Total marks: 50 Correct as it is.
I would like a piece of fruit, please.
Unit Test 3
1 mark for each correct answer
1 mark for each correct answer 1 mark for each correct answer
5
1 mark for each correct answer
a bound to b unlikely to bound to
rl bound to unlikely to 2
1 mark for each correct answer i! belief necessary Constructive Farming
valuable fairness near Heating believe
6 efficiently
have given up
1 mark for each correct answer
not bring it up
get used to 3
it was I were up to me a boiling tll filthy delighted d furious freezing
more expensive terrified hilarious spotless huge amazed
1 mark for each correct answer 1 mark for each correct answer
7 4
In addition to diet receipt menu salty cook sensible
ll despite celebrated junk tap still
almost
for instance 1 mark for each correct answer
i! Before
5
On the other hand
pick (her) up took off stopping over set off
because of
saw (her) off
However
In conclusion 1 mark for each correct answer
but
Total marks: 50
1 mark for each correct answer
Unit Test 6
Total marks: 50
1
to buy being moving to go trying
to inform to sleep Smoking being j to travel
watching to win starting to go Living
1 mark for each correct answer
2
to have talking >: to post seeing sending
1 mark for each correct answer
5 Unit Test 8
passionately heavily sound attentively e hard
1
1 mark for each correct answer Liz said (that) she was going
Jane asked me if I whether I had heard
6 Sally told Mary (that) she had seen
heavy serious strong close hard Tom asked Jack if I whether he wanted him
1 mark for each correct answer Karl said to Andrew (that) he would
f Hannah said (that) she had been using
7 Helen asked Lee if I whether he could give her
found express taking caused reach h Rose asked Tom if I whether he had listened
Sean said (that) they had been watching a film
1 mark for each correct answer
I asked the salesman how much
2 marks for each correct answer
doing b make doing d made made
2
1 mark for each correct answer
suggested eating
Total marks: 50 b warned me not to walk I warned me against walking
advised Jane to forget
Unit Test 7 told Tom to close
offered to pick Sally up
1
is going to be opened next week. 2 marks for each correct answer
is manufactured by the USA.
are being built in the park. 3
was written by Johnson. green (greenhouse) baby (baby clothes)
can be played indoors or outdoors. pool (swimming pool) take (takeaway)
has just been submitted by the council. out (falling-out)
was being cleaned out yesterday. 1 mark for each correct answer
will be taught how to play squash.
can be reserved for you. 4
are built by the company. credit card I:! university lecturer take-off d website
bookcase shop assistant keyboard breakdown
2 marks for each correct answer
make-up music shop
2 1 mark for each correct answer
had my hair cut
've had my nails painted 5
( 'm going to have my car serviced such so ( such so such
'm having my kitchen painted
1 mark for each correct answer
have my groceries delivered
Total marks: 50
m-
1 mark for each correct answer
Unit Test 12 A
1 were given 2 were designed 3 to put 4 warned
1 5 isolation 6 were 7 assessing 8 been used 9 failed
a can't b must c can't d must e can't 10 allowed 11 felt 12 meant 13 performing 14 are
f might g might h can't i must j must 15 has
First Masterclass Test Answer Keys Photocopiable ©Oxford University Press 125
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH
Language Assessment
Part of the University of Cambridge
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--
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Candidate Name Centre No. --
--
If not already printed, wrlte name
in CAPITALS and complete the
Candidate No, grid {in pencil).
---
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Supervisor:
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---
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Photocopiable
How to use the DVD In the Speaking DVD
The Speaking DVD is designed to familiarize teachers and introduction to the Speaking paper
students with the format and requirements of the Speaking An examiner explains the format of the test and timings. The
paper. The material can be used alongside First Masterc!ass, but standard format is for two candidates to do the test together,
since it is not intrinsically tied to the course, it will make a useful but where there is an odd number of candidates, there may be
complement to any course at this level. a group of three. This will increase the length of the test.
Although the video does not show any actual exam situations,
the format of the test is scripted according to Cambridge Part 1: overview and tips+ example
English Assessment guidelines, and the 'candidates' are real An examiner explains what happens in Part 1 and offers
students who have either passed or are preparing for the First candidates some tips to help their performance. This is followed
exam in the UK. The examiners are experienced oral examiners. by an example of real students doing a Part 1 task.
Different students and combinations of students are shown Part 2: overview and tips+ example
doing different parts of the test, except in the complete test, An examiner explains what happens in Part 2 and offers
which features the same two students throughout. Teachers candidates some tips to help their performance. This is followed
should make it clear to their students that they will do the by an example of real students carrying out the relevant tasks.
whole test with just one other candidate, or occasionally, where
there is an odd number of students at the end of an examining Part 3: overview and tips+ example
session, with two other candidates (a total of three candidates). An examiner explains what happens in both phases of Part 3
and offers candidates some advice to help their performance.
The DVD can be used at any point in the course for training,
This is followed by an example of real students carrying out the
and will make a useful revision tool. It is recommended that
relevant tasks.
teachers watch the complete video before showing all or part
of it to their students. They can then choose to show their Part 4: overview and tips +example
students the whole video, or individual sections. The suggested An examiner explains what happens in Part 4 and offers
activities below can be done individually or in small groups as candidates some tips to help their performance. This is followed
appropriate. The interviews shown are not intended as model by an example of real students carrying out the relevant tasks.
answers - students should be encouraged to suggest how
they themselves could have given a better answer'in the same
How candidates are assessed
An examiner explains what the assessment criteria are and
situation' and also identify what the 'candidates' shown in the
these are illustrated with clips from footage of the 'mock exams'.
video do well.
This section includes:
131
Assessment criteria for Cambridge
English: First Speaking
Candidates are assessed throughout the test by two examiners:
an interlocutor and an assessor. The interlocutor asks the
candidates the questions in the tasks. The examiner does not
address the candidates. The assessment is based on candidates'
performance over the whole test, and they are assessed on their
own performance - i.e. not in relation to the other candidate
who they do the test with. The assessor gives marks (a band
score 0-5) using performance descriptors from the analytical
assessment scales for these criteria:
" Grammar and vocabulary: Candidates are marked on their
ability to use grammar accurately, appropriately and flexibly,
and on their ability to use a range of vocabulary suitable to
the tasks.
" Discourse management: Candidates are marked on their
ability to talk without too much hesitation, and to organize
what they say into coherent speech, with contributions that
are relevant to the task.
" Pronunciation: Candidates are marked on their ability
to pronounce individual sounds with correct stress and
intonation; the examiners assess the overall effect of
candidates' pronunciation and the amount of effort needed
to understand what they say.
@ Interactive communication: Candidates are marked on
how well they take part in the conversation and develop
the discussion by asking and responding to questions
appropriately.
The interlocutor gives a mark for Global Achievement using the
global achievement scale.
See the Cambridge English: FirstTeacher's Handbook at
www.cambridgeenglish.com for up-to-date details of the scales
and assessment criteria.
Tips and useful phrases
Tips
Part 1 Part 1
0 Give extended responses with examples. Ineed to think for a moment.
~ Don't give memorized answers. That's an interesting question.
" Try to relax and smile. Well, it's difficult to say, really
Let me see.
It depends what you mean, exactly
Part 2 Iguess the honest answer would be.
" Talk for the full minute. Isuppose the simplest answer to that question is
"' Compare the photos then answer the main question. If I think about it, Isuppose ...
" Give a full answer to the follow-up question. It's hard to generalize, but on balance.
The best example that comes to mind is
Part 3
Part 2
" Remember to interact with each other.
In the first photo ... but in the second one ...
0 Listen, respond and move the discussion forward.
This picture ... while on the other hand this one ...
0 Use vocabulary appropriate to the topic.
In comparison to the first photo, this one .
0 Use language for agreeing and disagreeing.
Part 3
Part4
Let's talk about .. first.
0 Try to give extended answers.
We could start by talking about ...
., Give short, clear responses for unfamiliar topics.
What do you think ...
Do you agree?
I think that ...
Yes, Iagree (with you).
Icouldn't agree more.
So do I. I Neither do I.
That's right/true.
I see what you mean, but.
That may be true, but .. .
Don't you think that .. . 7
That's a good point, but Istill think ...
Maybe we should look at the next point about ..
Perhaps another thing to consider is ...
I think we need to make a decision.
Shall we try to come to an agreement?
Part 4
I think I believe I feel that ... because.
I'm afraid I'm not really sure.
I haven't really thought about that.