ES blem Solving Get ready! Reading @ Before you read the passage, © Read the email. Then, choose the correct answers. talk about these questions. 1 What is the main idea of the email? ‘A. how to improve water treatment B how to problem solve C how to redefine problems D how to apply iterations 1 What approach do you use to solve a problem? 2 What do you do if your approach fails? 2 What can be inferred about the email recipient? ‘A She has been working at the company for a while. B Her position deals only with water treatment, © She is good friends with Jim Wilson. D She is a new employee at Rockwell Engineering, 3. Which is NOT true about the problem solving process? A. Identify the problem first. B Analysis is an important step. © Steps are always applied in order. D The goal is to find a solution, From: Julie West Ubject: Recommended Construction Materals Hi Julie, Welcome to Rockwell Engineering Co. Your first assignment. improving water treatment. ''d lke to tell you about the problem-solving approach that we use here. Remember to have confidence and attack each problem you encounter. Also, remember that problem solving is often an iterative procedure. So Usually, we apply the steps in iterations. The following steps work with any design problem that you encounter. The first step is problem identification. Next, use a synthesis of techniques to identify a solution pathway. The next step, analysis, is the most important step you'll take. In this step, you break apart the problem and look at its parts. You apply what you know, including equations and data. Last, you can apply your findings and implement your solution. If the solution doesn't meet the project goal, go back and redefine the problem. Please let me know if | can be of any help. Jim WilsonEES STE Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-5) with the definitions (A-E). _ iterative analysis. 5 __ iteration _— problem solving 4 __ problem identification 1 2 3 ‘A. the method of addressing and fixing a problem B the repetition of a process © the process of examining the parts of something D. the action of understanding a problem E being repeated @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 1 solution / approach A Bill took a really smart in that situation, B hope we find a for that big leak soon 2 attack / redefine A Jenna should just the issue instead of waiting for someone else to look into it, B need to the process that my ‘company usually uses. 8 synthesis / procedure A |recommend trying a strategies that you mentioned. B_ Rockwell Engineering Co. has anew safety of the © G Listen and read the email again. What are the steps of problem solving? Listening © G@ Listen to a conversation between two civil engineers. Mark the following statements as true (7) or false (F). 11 ___ The woman reduced the bacteria by using a longer settling time. 2 __ The chemical treatment was unsuccessful for the sediment. 3 __ The man suggests using a synthesis of techniques. @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. How's the 1 pilot plant going? have you been trying? alonger 3 bacteria still got through. Didit reduce the 4_at all Yeah, but | knew was to double the chemical Sounds like a ont reduce the sediment. bacteria, too? Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. (eaeecssun ‘Student A: You aro a civil engineer. Talk to ‘Student B about + the first attempt to solve a problem + the second attempt to solve a problem ‘+ what you will do next to solve the problem. Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to ‘Student A about his or her problem solving method. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill in the problem solving steps for the water treatment. Probie First iteration: ‘Second iteration: Pres Third iteration:Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What are some fields in which statistics are used? 2 What are some examples of probability experiments? = INTRODUCTION TO Statistics Statistics problems begin with probability experiments. The simplest experiment is the rolling of dice. A pair of dice offers twelve possible outcomes. Possibilities are measured within a sample space. Actual outcomes are events. Use letters to distinguish events. ‘A’ can represent the events of rolling 6, 8, and 12 (A=(6, 8, 12)). 'B’ can represent the events of rolling 5, 6, and 9 (B={5, 6, 9)) The union of ‘A’ and ‘B’ is {5, 6, 8, 9, 12}. The intersection of ‘A’ and ‘B' is (6). If two events cannot ocour simultaneously, they are mutually exclusive. Do not confuse these with independent events. Independent events may occur at the same time, just without any effect on each other, Statistics are also useful in the natural and social sciences. Data analysts examine populations to estimate facts. A sample is often required for these experiments, Analysts subtract the smallest observations from the largest to find the range. Ranges and medians are two variables that describe the population. Reading ~ @ Read the textbook excerpt. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 Possible outcomes are called ‘events’, 2 __ Two events that cannot occur at the same time are mutually exclusive, 3 __ Analysts subtract the largest numbers from the smallest to find the range. Ea) | Vocabulary” © Match the words or phrases (1-8) with the definitions (A-H). 1 __ union 5 __ population 2 __ event 6 __ independent 3 __ median 7 __ intersection 4 __sample space 8 __ mutually exclusive A the possible results of an experiment that belong to either or both events B a group of outcomes © the possible results of an experiment that belong to both events D_anumber that is in the middle of a set E being unable to occur or be true at the same time F the set of every possible outcome from an experiment G one event having no impact on the other event H the entire group of elements that we want information about Q@ Write a word that is similar in meaning to ‘the underlined part. 1 Subtract to calculate a set of things from the same category with different values. e 2 The subset of the population measured TV viewers between the ages of 18 and 24. e 3 Census reports always include a collection of numbers that represent facts. 4 The numerical calculation that shows a likely ‘outcome is 50/50 during a coin toss. rva__l 5 Inthe election, there are two possible results or likelihoods. ____o__s© G Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. What Speaking © with a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. possible outcomes are measured during a coin toss or the rolling of dice? Listening © & Listen to a conversation between a professor and a student. Choose the correct answers. 1 How does the woman explain mutually exclusive events? By iving the example of: A rolling dice at the same time as the man B rolling dice and flipping a coin at the same time. © firpping a coin after roling a pair of dice D having the man flip a pair of coins, ouete & prowasok : Par Talk to Student B about 2. How does a coin toss demonstrate mutually exclusive events? * concepts in statistics A Itcan show heads and tals at once. * possible outcomes B Itis not related to roling a pair of dice. * actual events © Itcan show only one side at a time. D thas an impact on other experiments. ‘Student B: You are a student. Talk to Student A about a statistics, @ G@ Listen again and complete the conversation. Ponceptiyou donot uietstabe i _ Student: Yes. What's the difference bees -. and 1__ i corre on ver. Mt thn Faia are 3 that cannot occur at the same time, : Arethere any2___that might be - no3 sor: Yes. Let's say that | roll a pair of A and4___ ae siputareny ict a a | lp the cages 1 a th No. You're. senna two: Ficwort things. or: mame —_— Iguess the 6 Writing © Use the textbook excerpt and the conversation from Task 8 . to complete the study chart. Define the following terms. Provide ‘examples wherever possible. Mutually exclusive: Independent: Event: __ Outcome: Uni