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Penyelesaian Persamaan Aljabar Linier
Penyelesaian Persamaan Aljabar Linier
1. Metode Langsung
5 x1 2 x2 x3 3
4 x1 x2 x3 3
2 x1 3 x2 3 x3 5
Penyelesaian:
5 x1 2 x2 x3 3 5 2 1 3
4 x x x 3 b 4 / 5 b 4 1 1 3 b2 4 / 5 b1
1 2 3 2 1 =
5 b3 2 / 5 b1
2 x1 3 x2 3 x3 5 b3 2 / 5 b1
2 3 3
5 x1 2 x2 x3 3
0 (3 / 5) x (9 / 5) x 27 / 5
2 3 =
0 (19 / 5) x2 (13 / 5) x3 31 / 5 b3 19 / 3 b2
5 2 1 3
0 3/ 5 9/5 27 / 5
0 19 / 5 13 / 5 31 / 5 b3 19 / 3 b2
5 x1 2 x2 x3 3 5 2 1 3 x1 1
0 (3 / 5) x (9 / 5) x 27 / 5 0 3/ 5 9/5 27 / 5 x2 3
2 3 =
0 0 14 x3 28 0 0 14 28 x3 2
28
x3 2
14
x2
27 / 5 9 / 5 2 3
3/5
(3) ( 2)(3) (1)(2)
x1 1
5
5 2 1 3 b1 / 5 1 0 .4 0.2 0 .6
4 3 4 1 3 b2 ( 4)b1
1 1 1
2 3 3 5
2 3 3 5 b3 (2)b1
1 0.4 0. 2 0. 6
0 0.6 1.8 5.4 b / 0.6
2
0 3 .8 2 .6 6 . 2
1 0.4 0.2 0.6 b1 (0.4)b2
0 1 3 9
0 3.8 2.6 6 .2
b3 (3.8)b2
1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 b1 ( 1)b3
0 9 0 9
1 3 1 3 b2 (3)b3
0 0 14 28
b3 /( 14)
0 0 1 2
1 0 0 1 x1 1
0 1 0 3 x2 3
0 0 1 2 x3 2
2. Metode Iterasi
Ri m
xi m 1 xi m i 1,2,, n
aii
n
Ri m bi aij x jm i 1,2,, n
j 1
Contoh:
selesaikan persamaan
2 x1 x 2 6
x1 2 x 2 x3 12
x 2 2 x3 18
dimana harga awal : x1 0 , x 2 0 , x3 0 , lakukan sampai iterasi ke-3
x1m 1
1
2
6 x 2m
x 2m 1
1
12 x1m x3m
2
x3m 1
1
18 x 2m
2
Iterasi ke-1, m 0
x11
1
2
1
6 x 20 6 0 3
2
1
1
x12 12 x1m x3m 12 x10 x30 6
2 2
1
1
x31 18 x2m 18 x20 9
2 2
Iterasi ke-2, m 1
x12
1
2
1
6 x12 6 6 0
2
1
2
1
x 22 12 x11 x31 12 3 9 0
2
1
1
x3 18 x 2 18 6 6
2
2
1
2
Iterasi ke-3, m 2
x13
1
2
1
6 x 22 6 0 3
2
1
2
1
x 23 12 x12 x32 12 0 6 3
2
1
2
1
x33 18 x 22 18 0 9
2
Ri k
xi k 1 xi k i 1,2,, n
aii
i 1 n
Ri k bi aij x jk 1 aij x jk i 1,2,, n
j 1 j i
x1m 1
1
2
6 x 2m
x 2m 1
1
12 x1m 1 x3m
2
x3m 1
1
18 x 2m 1
2
Iterasi ke-1, m 0
x11
1
2
1
6 x 20 6 0 3
2
x 2m 1
1
2
1
2
1
12 x1m 1 x3m 12 x11 x30 12 3 0 4,5
2
x3m 1
1
2
1
2
1
18 x 2m 1 18 x12 18 4,5 6,75
2
Iterasi ke-2, m 1
x12
1
2
1
6 x 12 6 4,5 0,75
2
1
2
1
x 22 12 x12 x31 12 0,75 6,75 2,25
2
1
1
x3 18 x 2 18 2,25 7,875
2
2
2
2
Iterasi ke-3, m 2
x13
1
2
1
6 x 22 6 2,25 1,875
2
1
2
1
x 23 12 x13 x32 12 1,875 7,875 1,125
2
1
2
1
x33 18 x 23 18 1,125 8,4375
2
Ri k
xi k 1 xi k i 1,2,, n
aii
i 1 n
Ri k bi aij x jk 1 aij x jk i 1,2,, n
j 1 j i
x1m 1 1 x1m
1
2
6 x 2m
x 2m 1
1
1 x 2 12 x1m 1 x3m
m
2
x3m 1
1
1 x3 18 x 2m 1
m
2
Iterasi ke-1, m 0
x11 1 x10
1
2
1
6 x 20 1 1,5 0 1,5 6 0 4,5
2
1
2
1
x 12 1 x 20 12 x11 x30 1 1,5 0 1,5 12 4,5 0 5,625
2
1
2
1
x31 1 x30 18 x12 1 1,5 0 1,5 18 5,625 9,281
2
Iterasi ke-2, m 1
1
x12 1 1,5 4,5 1,5 6 5,625 1,969
2
1
x 22 1 1,5 5,625 1,5 12 1,969 9,281 0,703
2
1
x3 1 1,5 9,281 1,5 18 0,703 8,332
2
Iterasi ke-3, m 2
1
x13 1 1,5 1,969 1,5 6 0,703 4,957
2
1
x 23 1 1,5 0,703 1,5 12 4,957 8,332 1,318
2
1
x33 1 1,5 8,332 1,5 18 1,318 10,323
2
Soal-Soal:
2 3 5 x1 0
3 1 2 x 2
2
1 3 4 x3 3
0 2 1 x1 5
4 1 1 x 3
2
2 3 3 x3 5
3 2 105 x1 104
2 3 103 x 98
2
1 1 3 x3 3
2. Selesaikan system persamaan berikut dengan menggunakan metode iterasi Jacobi,
Gauss Seidel dan metode SOR ( 1.3)
4 1 0 0 x1 150
1 4 1 0 x 200
2
0 1 4 1 x3 150
0 0 1 4 x4 100