UNIT I

1. Welcome here on board

Communication Skills : Listening
a. Listen to the text.
CD 1, Track 1

2nd Officer: : Good afternoon, Captain. I am your new 2 nd officer.

Captain: : Good afternoon, welcome on board.
2nd Officer: : Thank you. My name is John, Peter John.
Captain: : Good. But which one is your family name now?
2nd Officer: : My first name is Peter and my family name is John.
Captain: : OK. Where are you from Mr. John?
2nd Officer: : From the U.K.
Captain: : Ah, British. The Island is big, where from exactly?
2nd Officer: : The place is called Landudno.
Captain: : Oh my goodness, how do you spell that name?
2nd Officer: : It is a Welsh name. That’s L-l-a-n-d-u-d-n-o.
Captain: : Great. We have another Brit on Board: the chief engineer. His name is Manning.
2nd Officer: : Yes, I know him. We come from the same Maritime Academy.
Captain: : Mr. John, how old are you?
2nd Officer: : 38
Captain: : I see. And have you got a family?
2nd Officer: : Yes, I’m married and I’ve got 4 children: 3 girls and a little boy.
Captain: : It’s quite a big family, isn’t it. Have you got your seaman’s book?
2nd Officer: : Yes, sir. Here you are.
Captain: : Good. Everything is OK. Here you are. Oh, let me just jot down your seaman’s book number in
my crew list. What was it?
2nd Officer: : It is R65768223
Captain: : Ok. That is all just now. The Chief Mate is on the bridge at the moment. Speak to him as soon
as you can, please. Wish you good luck for your first watch. See you.
2nd Officer: : Ok. See you later.

9 Maritime English
b. Answer the questions.

1. What is Mr. John’s position on board?

2. What is his first name?
3. Where is he from?
4. What is he name of his home town?
5. Who is Mr. Manning?
6. Where did Mr. John meet Mr. Manning?
7. How old is Mr. John?
8. What about his children?
9. What is his seaman’s book number?

2. Numbers
a. Study and complete this table of numbers.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
zero one two three four five six seven eight nine

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22

30 31 32

40 41 42 43

50 51 52 53 54

60 61 62 63 64 65

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 70 71 72 73 74 75 76

80 84 85 86 87

90 95 96 97 98 99

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

1000

b. Listen to the speaker and write down the numbers in the table below.
CD 1, Track 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Numbers

Prices

Dates

c. When speaking in maritime context you should consider:

► Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits: for 150 say One-five-zero
for 2.5 say Two decimal five
or two point five
►Note: When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say “fifteen” for 15
say “twenty” for 20
►Now read these sentences.
Dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes North 061 degrees 20 minutes West.
My present speed is 14 knots
My draft is 12.6
Wheel order: “Starboard 25”

3. The English Alphabet

a. Study the letters

Letter Word Letter Word

A Alpha N November
B Bravo O Oscar
C Charlie P Papa
D Delta Q Quebec

11 Maritime English
 E Echo R Romeo
F Foxtrot S Sierra
G Golf T Tango
H Hotel U Uniform
I India V Victor
J Juliet W Whisky
K Kilo X X-ray
L Lima Y Yankee
M Mike Z Zulu

b. Spell your name, your hometown and country and the name of your vessel.
4. Short Answer

a. Study these rules

When answering with Yes or No, we usually repeat the first word in the question.
Can I help you? Yes, you can/ No, you can’t
Is he ready? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t

b. Give a short answer to these questions

1. Are you the Chief Engineer?
2. Is your master over 50?
3. Are you from Italy?
4. Do you like your job?
5. Does the second mate watch tv everyday?

5. Personal Information Form

Fill in this form

Personal Information Form

Name of Vessel …………………………………………….
Surname ………………………… First Name ………………………………..
Date of Birth ………………………… Age ………………………………..
Place of Birth Town …………………….. Country ………………………..
Nationality ………………………… Country of Residence ………………………..
Full Residential Address ………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………… Postcode ………………………………..
Marital Status □ married □ never married
12 Maritime English □ separated □ divorced
No. of Children ………………………………..
Seaman’s Book Number ………………………..
Job ………………………………….
6. Simple Present
a. Study the table about Simple Present

The Simple Present

We use Simple Present when we want to describe:

 a fact or a state
 a general truth
 habitual activities

b. Now complete these SMCP by filling in the correct form of the verb be

be Statement Question
Positive Negative
Short form Short form
singular I am I’m I am not I’m not

The time before NOW NOW The time after NOW

Past Present Future

You are you’re you are not you aren’t

He is he’s he is not he isn’t

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 She is she’s she is not she isn’t
It is it’s it is not it isn’t

plural We are we’re we are not we aren’t

You are you’re you are not you aren’t
They are They’re they are not they aren’t

c. Complete these SMCP by filling in the correct form of be.

Also check Principle 3 of the SMCP: Avoid contracted forms

Questions
1. Where …..the fire?
2. ………..dangerous goods on fire?
3. ……….you on even keel?
4. ………..the depth of water sufficient in position XY?
5. ………. The vessel seaworthy?
Positive Statements
1. I ……… in danger of capsizing – list increasing.
2. MV JANE ……….. under attack of pirates.
3. Yes, I ……… on even keel.
4. We ………..aground.
5. Yes, I ……..ready for the helicopter.
Negative Statements
1. No, dangerous goods ………….on fire.
2. No, fire ……….. under control.
3. No, the depth of water ……………sufficient in position XY.
4. No, the vessel ……………..seaworthy yet.
5. MAYDAY position …………….correct.

d. Study the table about the forms of verb have

have Statement Question

Positive Negative
Short form Short form
singular I have I’ve I have not I haven’t
You have you’ve you have not you haven’t
He has he’s he has not he hasn’t
She has she’s she has not she hasn’t
It has it has it has not it hasn’t

plural We have we’ve we have not we haven’t

You have you’ve you have not you haven’t
They have They’ve they are not they haven’t

e. Complete these SMCP by filling in the correct form of verb have.

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Also check Principle 3 of the SMCP: Avoid contracted forms.

Questions
1. ……… you ……. doctor on board?
2. What problems …………MV. Kate ………..?
3. ……….you ……… any list?
4. ……… you ………a bow thruster or stern thruster?
5. ……….you ………an automatic pilot?
6. ………the radar ……….. any blind sector?
Positive Statements
1. MV Kate ………dangerous list to port side.
2. I ……….problems with steering gear.
3. I ……….damage below waterline.
4. We …………two bow thrusters.
5. We ………..radio contact with rescue craft.
6. Yes, the radar ………blind sector from 12 to 16 degrees and from 123 to 125 degrees.
Negative Statements
1. No, we …………………..an automatic pilot.
2. No, we ………………….bow thruster.
3. No, the radar ……………………..any blind sectors.

7. Who? Whom? Whose

a. Study this Table of Pronouns

Pronoun Who? Whom? Whose?

Singular
I I like Jack He likes me He is my boss
You You are qualified Good for you What’s your qualification?
He He works for MOL Give him my address His vessel is in London.
She She is a doctor I like her Her treatment is good.
It It is my car I don’t need it any longer. Its brakes don’t work properly.
Plural
We We meet you at 6.00 Please show us round Our interest is the engine
You When do you come? I’ll help you Where are your colleagues?
They They are on the bridge. I’m cooking for them These are their cabins.

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b. Complete the sentences by filling in the pronoun.

1. I : Can you show …………the device, please?

2. I : This is not ………seaman’s book.
3. You : When is ………..next contact with VTS?
4. You : Sorry, I can’t understand ………It’s too noisy.
5. He : I can’t remember ………….name.
6. H : I don’t want to give ………all details.
7. She : I told ……… a lot about our voyage.
8. She : She gave me ………..address.
9. It : I’m looking for my torch. Where is ………?
10. It : Please write down this message. …….. content is important.
11. We : There was some trouble with ………….main engine.
12. We : Can you help ………, please. It’s urgent.
13. They : Can I test ………..now?
14. They : We will join …………..in …………search.

c. Fill in the missing pronouns.

1. He looks like his father and his children look like ……..
2. They are very angry about the trouble, and I must say I can understand ………..very well.
3. Here is a new overall. Can I try ………on?
4. Here is the kit. ……….handle is broken.
5. How are your colleagues? - ……………are very well, thanks. Say hello to ……. .from me.
6. The captain would like us to have dinner with ………….tomorrow.
7. I’ve got three lovely children. Would you like to have a look at ……….. photos?
8. Tell him to do it immediately. It’s ………job.

8. From the nation to the nationality

a. Have a look at the flags and fill in the missing adjectives.

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 1. The Chief Mate is from Argentina. He is ……………………

2. Our 2nd Officer is from Belgium. He is ……………………….

3. The Pumpman is from Brazil. He is ………………………….

4. The Carpenter is from Cambodia. He is …………………….

5. The Chief Engineer is from Canada. He is ………………….

6. The Cook is from China. He is ………………………………

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 7. The Able Seamen are from Denmark. They are .................

8. The 3rd Officer is from Egypt. He is .....................................

9. The 1st Engineer Officer is from Finland. He is ……………..

10. The second Engineer Officer is from France. He is ………

11. The third Engineer Officer is from Germany. He is ……….

12. The Electrician is from Greece. He is ……………………..

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 13. The Bosun is from Hungary. He is ………………………..

14. The Donkeymen are from India. They are ………………...

15. The Captain is from Indonesia. He is ................................

16. The Chef is from Italy. He is …………………………………

17. The Assistant Cook is from Japan. He is …………………..

18. The Stewardess is from Malaysia. He is …………………..

19 Maritime English
 19. The Deck Cadets are from Mexico. They are ……………..

20. The Engine Cadets are from Spain. They are …………….

21. The Storekeeper is from United Kingdom. He is ………….

22. The Oiler is from United States of America. He is ………..

9. Introducing Myself

That’s me : That’s my vessel

Name * My vessel’s name

Family name spelt * Her call sign
Home country/nationality * My Captain’s nationality
Age * The crews’ nationalities
Marital Status * My position on board
Children (age) * My seaman book number

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 * My contact in case of emergency

10. Reading

Different types of marine engine

There are four main types of marine engine: the diesel engine, the steam turbine, the gas turbine and marine
nuclear plant. Each type of engine has its own particular application.

The diesel engine is a form of internal combustion of engine similar to that used in a bus. Its power is
expressed as brake horsepower (bhp). This is the power put out by the engine. Effective horsepower is the
power developed by the piston in the cylinder, but some of this is lost by friction within the engine. The power
output of a modern marine diesel engine is about 40,000 brake horsepower. This is now expressed in
kilowatts. By comparison the engine of a small family car has an output of about 80 bhp. Large diesel
engines, which have cylinders nearly 3 ft in diameter, turn at the relatively slow speed at about 108 rpm.

These are known as slow-speed diesel engines. They can be connected directly to the propeller without
gearing. Although higher power could be produced by higher revolutions, this would reduce the efficiency of
the propeller because a propeller is more efficient the larger it is and the slower it turns. These large slow
running engines are used in the larger merchant ships, particularly in tankers and bulk carriers. The main
reason is their low fuel consumption. More and more larger merchant vessel are being powered by medium-
speed diesel engines. These operate between 150 and 450 rpm. Therefore they are connected to the
propeller by gearing. This type of engine was once restricted to smaller cargo ships, but now they are used in
fast cargo liners as well as in tankers and bulk carriers. They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engine,
and their smaller size and weight can result in a smaller, cheaper ship.

In steam turbines high pressure steam is directed into a series of blades or vanes attached to a shaft,
causing it to rotate. This rotary motion is transferred to the propeller shaft by gear. Steam is produced by
boiling water in a boiler, which is fired by oil. Recent developments in steam turbines which have reduced
fuel consumption and raised power output have made them more attractive as an alternative to diesel power
in ships. They are 50 per cent lighter and on very large tankers some of the steam can be used to drive the
large cargo oil pumps. Turbines are often used in container ships, which travel at high speed.

Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that gas rather than steam is used to turn a shaft. These have also
become more suitable for use in ships. Many naval vessels are powered by gas turbines and several
container ships are fitted with them. A gas turbine engine is very light and easily removed for maintenance. It
is also suitable for complete automation.
A nuclear power in ships has mainly been confined to naval vessels, particularly submarines. But this form of
power will be used more in merchant ships as oil fuels become more expensive.

A nuclear-power ship differs from a conventional turbine ship in that it uses the energy released by
the decay of radioactive fuel to generate steam. The steam is used to turn a shaft via a turbine in the
conventional way.

21 Maritime English
a. Complete this diagram to form a summary of the basic types of marine engine.

Marine engines

………………. .. ……………………. …………………. ………………….

…………………. …………………

b. Now fill in this box to summarize the application of these engines.

Type of engine Application

Slow-speed diesel

Medium-speed diesel

Steam turbine

Gas turbine

Marine nuclear plant

22 Maritime English
Appendix 1

A. Introduction into Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)

That means that all people being involved in communication
- from ship to shore
- from shore to vessel
- from ship to ship
- on board ship
Should use these standardizes phrases as often as possible as a safety language in relevant situations.

B. Why do we need SMCP?

1. We need SMCP to assist greater safety for navigation and to conduct of ship.
2. We need SMCP to standardize the language used in communication for navigation at sea.

C. Where do we need SMCP?

We need SMCP to standardize the language used in communication:
1. in port approaches.
2. in waterways.
3. in harbours.
4. on board with multi-lingual crews.

D. What do we use SMCP for?

We use them for External and on board-communication, therefore SMCP are divided in:
1. External Communication Phrases

Ship to shore

23 Maritime English
 Shore to ship

ship to hip
2. On-board communication phrases used for communication on board with multi-lingual crews

24 Maritime English
 UNIT II

1. That’s my job
Study the list of jobs below

Master

Deck Engine Room Catering

Chief Mate Chief Engineer Service Manager

Second Mate Chef

Third Mate Captain’s Steward

Radio First Engineer

Officer Second Engineer

25 Maritime English
 Cook
Assistant Cook
Steward/Stewardes
s
Multi Purpose Shop Assistant
Rating Licenced
Boatswain (Bosun) Electrician
Cleaner
Engine Room
Rating

Able Seaman
Carpenter
Deck Rating Motorman
Ordinary Seaman Greaser
Donkeyman

2. Checking the Crew List

Listen to the conversation and fill in the list. (CD 1, Track 18)
Name First Rank Nationality Age/ Work
Name Date of Experience
Birth
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

3. Telling the Time

26 Maritime English
 What’s the time, please?

a. Read these times

Example: It’s a quarter past 4 am or It’s four-fifteen am

04:15 07:07 12:28 15:56 17:00

21:45 14:09 23:07 22:18 11:47
01:45 02:13 23:59 04:45 19:00
13.49 16:35 00:10 24:00 23:07
20:15 13:58 08:05 06:35 05:45

b. Listen to the times of arrival and departure of vessel. In each case click arrival or departure and
fill in the time.

Name of Vessel Arrival / Departure Click Time

Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______
Departure
Arrival ______

27 Maritime English
 Departure

4. Work Routines
Grammar: a) Simple Present Tense; Vocabulary
b) My daily Routine

a. Study the table about the forms of verbs in Simple Present.

Statement Question
Positive Negative
Short form
Singular I work I do not work I don’t work
You work You do not work You don’t work
He works He does not work He doesn’t work
She works She does not work She doesn’t work
It works It does not work It doesn’t work

plural We work We do not work

You work You do not work
They work They do not

b. Look at the pictures and make sentences about people’s daily routine.
Example: I get up at 5.00 every morning

05:00 06:00 14:00 Time

Routine Picture

Get up Drink coffee Have lunch Routine Activity

I The Captain The Bosun Person

15:00 19:00 21:00 22:00

Play football Study Watch tv Go to bed

My sister Thomas Jones James

5. Ordinal Numbers
a. Study the ordinal numbers

Ordinal Word
Number
1st first
28 Maritime English 2nd second
3rd third
4th forth
5th fifth
b. Read the phrases while listening to the speaker. Then tick true or false. (CD 1, Track 20)

True False
January the 4th
In the 19th century
The 3rd officer
On the 5th deck
On 15th February
On the 7th floor
The 6th switch
The 2nd Assistant Engineer
The 1st shift
The 5th meal
Every 2nd crew member
On the 10th each month
The 23rd position on the list
The 20th edition of the chart
The 8th test run

6. Giving the Date

Vocabulary:a) Giving the date; Grammar
b) Ordinal numbers

a) Study this table.

The forms in which you write and speak a date are different.

You write You say

The next meeting is on The next meeting is on

Monday, 3 Feb 2009 Monday, the 3rd of February 2009.

b) Have a look at this calendar; study the days of the week.

29 Maritime English
c) Say what the person has to do on the days marked in the calendar below.
d) Have a look at your calendar and say what you have to do in the next 4 weeks.

February 2009

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mother’s
birthday
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Crew Have Pay the Go to
meeting dinner with telephone Singapore
4 p.m family bill

16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Have Fly home Internal Report
meeting audit on audit
with Mr.
Chan
9 a.m

23 24 25 26 27 28
External farewell Go for
Audit party for holiday
Steven

7. Dates all the year round

Communication skills : c) Speaking; Vocabulary : e) Giving the date

a. Study the months of the years.

b. Give the 12 dates of a calendar.
c. Invent as much as you can about 5 events given in the dates below.

30 Maritime English
1)

JANUARY FEBRUARY MAY

6 28 29
Start of winter holidays Dad’s 50th birthday My child’s 2nd birthday
until end of the month

MARCH APRIL JUNE

8 21 9
wedding day moving house Star of final examination

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER

13 17 11
Summer holiday Independence day The most memorable day
in my life

OCTOBER NOPEMBER DECEMBER

3 22 31
National holiday The first sailing on my sea The new year eve
project

8. My daily work routine and my holiday routines

a. Study this expression
Lia : What month is this month ?
Ani : This month is March ?
Lia : Good, What is the special events in Your country on this month ?
Ani : Usually the Moslem celebrate the Prophet’s birthday
Lia : What month is next month ?
Ani : Well, next month is April
Lia : How about last month, What month was last month ?
Ani : Last month was February
Lia : What month is the next two months ?
Ani : The next two months must be may ?

b. Interview your partner about his daily routine on board and on a day when he is at home for
holiday. Makes notes about what he is saying. Then report your finding to the group.

10. Reading

Functions of auxiliary machinery

31 Maritime English
We usually have a purpose for reading a passage. If we know nothing about a subject, our purpose may be
to gain a general knowledge of it. Later we may want to read about aspects of it in greater detail.
Comprehension will be made easier by giving ourselves a definite purpose based on our understanding of
what the passage is going to be about from the title and the introductory paragraph. This purpose will help
focus our attention.

Read through this passage and note down (1) the different functions that auxiliary machinery is designed to
carry out and (2) examples of the equipment designed to carry out those functions.

Besides running and maintaining the main propulsion machinery of the ship, the Engineer Officer has A
great deal of auxiliary machinery to look after. Auxiliary machinery covers everything mechanical on board
ship except the main engines and boilers. It includes almost all the pipes and fittings and the equipment
needed to carry out a number of functions. These functions may be summarized as follows. To supply the
needs of the main engines and boilers. air compressors are used to supply compressed air for starting
engines. Coolers are used for cooling either oil or water. Water for the boilers is also heated before being
admitted into the boiler by feed water heaters. This increases the efficiency of the boiler.

To keep the ship dry and trimmed through the bilge and ballast pumping systems. The former removes
water which has gathered in machinery, cargo and other spaces. The latter pumps water into and out of
ballast tanks. In general cargo ships, these systems are usually interconnected and served by the same
pumps. In tankers and other bulk carriers, these systems are entirely separate, because these ships may
need to ballast at 12,000 tone/hour and therefore need larger pumps. To supply domestic needs such as
fresh water from distillation plant, sanitation from sewage plant and ventilation from heaters and air-
conditioners.

To apply the main power of the engines for propulsion and maneuvering. The engine power is transmitted
to the propeller by a line of steel shafting. This is made up of the thrust shaft, intermediate shaft and the
propeller shaft. Steering gear is also necessary to operate the rudder for maneuvering. To supply the ship
with electrical power and lighting is done by steam or diesel-powered generators. Deck machinery is
extensive and varied To moor the ship and handle cargo. It can be divided into anchor-handling machinery-
windlass and captains, mooring machinery-winches and captains, and cargo-handling machinery-winches
and cranes. It also including cargo oil pumps.

Firefighting and fire detection equipment are provided for safety, lifeboat engines and launching gear are
also included. Responsibility for auxiliary machinery is often delegated to individual engineer officers, each
one taking responsibility for the efficient working of certain items. A lot of equipment is duplicated, so that
for example, one generator can be over-hauled without cutting off the supply of electricity to the ship.
Engineer officers on tankers are also involved in operating the cargo pumping machinery, although the
pump rooms themselves are often manned by officers from the Deck Department.

a. Answer these question

1. What does the auxiliary engine cover ?
2. What are the air compressor used for ?
3. What are the cooler used for ?

32 Maritime English
4. What will be done to keep the ship dry and trimmed ?
5. Why does the tanker ship need the larger pumps ?

b. Write ( T ) for true sentence and ( F ) for false sentence

1. Cooler are use for cooling either oil or water ( T ) or ( F )
2. Deck machinery is not extensive and varied ( T ) or ( F )
3. Steering gear is not important to operate the rudder for maneuvering ( T ) or ( F )
4. Responsibility for auxiliary machinery is never delegated to individual engineer officer
( T ) or ( F )
5. In general cargo ship , these system are usually interconnected and served by the different pumps
( T ) or ( F )

c. Find out the synonym from the passage above

1. Engines = …………………………
2. Provide = …………………………
3. In charge of = ………………………..
4. Send = …………………………
5. Collect = …………………………

d. Find out the opposite from the passage above

1. Decreases = ……………………….
2. Unity = ……………………….
3. Deny = ………………………
4. Original = ……………………….
5. Useless = ……………………….

33 Maritime English
 UNIT III

1. Types of vessels
Vocabulary: Types of vessels
Communication Skills: Reading

a) Look at the pictures and the word list and the correct type of vessel (1-9) below each picture.

1. Refrigerated Ship 2. Roll On Roll Off 3. Container Ship

4. Bulk Carrier 5. LNG Tanker Ship 6. General cargo vessel

7. Passenger Ship 8. Tanker 9. Ferry

34 Maritime English
b) Read these texts carefully and find the type of vessel that goes with each text.

These ships are often smaller ships. Their cargoes are from many
different types like tinned food, timber, steel bars, grain sacks, consumer
goods on cardboard boxes, etc.
This vessel has its own cargo loading gear, cranes or winches-derrick-
booms. When loading they must secure the lifting hooks, nets and wire
slings.
This is hard work and take time: they must lift up the cargo, move it
horizontally, swing out over the side of the ship and then lower it down.
Type : ……………………………………………………………..

These ships carry containers as cargo. The containers are pre- loaded
with goods for export. In this way the goods can be locked and sealed
before they are loaded onto the ship.
All the cargo holds contain guides for the containers so that it is easy to
glide them in place. It is important to keep this vessel on even keel
during the cargo work. Therefore the container ships have remotely
controlled ballast pump and valves that can be controlled by deck
officers.
The cargo handling is very fast, so they don’t stay in port for long.
Type: ………………………………………………………………

These vessels carry liquid cargo, normally oil. But some also carry
vegetable oils or chemicals. When they carry oil the freeboard of the
ship is usually less than other ships. This is because the oil cargo is
lighter than water.
For the control oil pollution, with these vessels there is a distance
between the outside hull of the ship and the oil tank.
So if there is a damage in the hull, this tank barrier prevents the oil from
flowing out and polluting the environment.
The deck of these ships is full of pipelines because they carry their own
cargo pumps.
Type : ………………………………………………………………….

These vessels carry cargo in bulk. Examples of this cargo are grain,
wood chips, coal and iron ore. Usually these ships don’t have their own
cargo handling gear like cranes. Shore installations do all the loading
35 Maritime English
and unloading. So, for example, the cargo goes on a conveyor that then
drops the cargo into the cargo holds. The ship’s deck officer watches the
loading and keeps the ship’s stability in mind. The stay of these vessels
in port can be quite long, sometimes about 5 or more days.
 2. Vessels and their function.

Grammar: Simple Present in connection with communication skill – Reading

a) Read through each of the 5 texts and watch the use b) Do the task which goes with each text.
of verbs in Simple Present.

Say what the crane does with the cargo!

…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
Text 2: …………………………………………..
These ships are often smaller ships. Their cargoes are …………………………………………..
from many different types like tinned food, timber, steel …………………………………………..
bars, grain sacks, consumer goods on cardboard boxes, …………………………………………..
etc. …………………………………………..
This vessel has its own cargo loading gear, cranes or …………………………………………..
winches-derrick-booms. When loading they must secure
the lifting hooks, nets and wire slings.
This is hard work and take time: they lift up the cargo,
move it horizontally, swing out over the side of the ship
and then lower it down.

36 Maritime English
 Correct these statements:
1. Container ships carry cargo in bulk.
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

2. The goods are locked and sealed on board of

the vessel.
…………………………………………..
…………………………………………..

Text 3: 3. It is good to have a list during the cargo work.

These ships carry containers as cargo. The containers …………………………………………..
are pre- loaded with goods for export. In this way the …………………………………………..
goods can be locked and sealed before they are loaded
onto the ship. 4. The cargo handling is very slow.
All the cargo holds contain guides for the containers so …………………………………………..
that it is easy to glide them in place. It is important to …………………………………………..
keep this vessel on even keel during the cargo work.
Therefore the container ships have remotely controlled 5. These ships stay in the port for more than 2
ballast pump and valves that can be controlled by deck weeks.
officers. …………………………………………..
The cargo handling is very fast, so they don’t stay in port …………………………………………..
for long

Text 4:
These vessels carry liquid cargo, normally oil. But some
also carry vegetable oils or chemicals. When they carry
oil the freeboard of the ship is usually less than other
ships. This is because the oil cargo is lighter than water.
For the control oil pollution, with these vessels there is a
distance between the outside hull of the ship and the oil
tank.
So if there is a damage in the hull, this tank barrier
prevents the oil from flowing out and polluting the
environment. Speak about the goods which a tanker has on
The deck of these ships is full of pipelines because they board and what is special about its
carry their own cargo pumps. construction.

Text 5:
These vessels carry / carries cargo in bulk. Examples of
this cargo are grain, wood chips, coal and iron ore.
Usually these ships doesn’t have / don’t have their own
cargo handling gear like cranes. Shore installations does
/ do all the loading and unloading. So, for example, the
cargo goes on a conveyor that then drops the cargo into
the cargo holds. The ship’s deck officer watch / watches
the loading and keep / keeps the ship’s stability in mind.
The stay of these vessels in port can be quite long,
sometimes about 5 or more days. Look at the underlined parts of the text and
cross out the wrong form.

3. This is Mine!

37 Maritime English
Grammar: this/ these and that/ those + Possessives

a) Study the table about the use of this/ these and that/ those

This / these and that / those

Singular plural singular plural

This these that those

X
Here over there

b) Study the table about the use of the Possessives.

Singular Whose is this newspapers?

Is this the captain’s (newspaper)? No. This is mine.
This is my newspapers – This is mine
This is your newspapers – This is yours
This is his newspapers – This is his
This is her newspapers – This is hers

Plural These are their newspapers – These are theirs

These are our newspaper – These are ours

c) Ask your partner if the following things are your thing. He will answer either with Yes or No. If he says
“No”, he must add whose thing that is.
Example: Is this your bicycle? – No, it’s his
Select from this things:

38 Maritime English
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

d) Fill in the correct demonstrative pronoun ‘this/ these’ or ‘that/ those’ and replace the underlined noun
by a possessive pronoun.
1. ………… is my suitcase and ………..over there is ………………( The Steward’s ).
2. ………… keys are the captain’s and ……………at the door are …………….(my keys)
3. ………… camera here on the table is a simple and old thing, but the (Chief Mate)……….camera
is a digital one.

4. Parts of the vessel

a) Find out what is behind the doors of this passenger ship. Use the words from the box.
C I L P R S T
Car deck; Information Lorry deck; Passengers’ Restaurant Stairs; Telephone
desk cabins box;
Chidren’s Lift Sauna Toilets
Play area;
Cinema;
Conference
Room;
Corridor.

39 Maritime English
 The toilet

A place where is rooms where the A place for the You can go up
WC very hot tourists sleep trucks and down

Passenger Ship

A place you A place where

meet and talk you watch
movies

A device that A place where

moves up and you make
down inquiries

A place where A long passage A place for kids A place where A place for
the tourist leave you can eat and calling
their vehicles drink

5. The Articles ‘the’ and ‘a/an’

Grammar : article
a. Study the table about the use of the definite and indefinite article.

We use the definite article ‘ the ‘ when we want to draw attention to something specific
this is the engine room.
The indefinite article ‘ a ‘ ( when the following noun starts with a consonant )
or ‘ an ‘ ( when the following starts with a vowel ) means ‘ one of many ‘
There is a muster station on deck 1 ( the next is on the deck 2….)

b. Fill in “ a / an “ or “ the “

1. What is ….call sign of the vessel Monica ?

2. Can I speak to …..officer, please ?

40 Maritime English
3. We have….. computer in……office and another one on the bridge.
4. We’ve got …..new cook. He is …….Irishman.
5. Go and see……captain. He has ……message for you.
6. Hamburg is ……..big port in Germany.
7. Copenhagen is ……..next port on our route.
8. The helmsman is in ………mess room.
9. There is ……crew meeting next Monday.
10. You can meet …….service Manager at …….information desk.

6. Giving Locations
a. Study the preposition of place

on X

in
X

at X

between X

near/next to X

XXXX
around X X

XXXXXX

X
above

below

along

41 Maritime English
 to the right of

to the left of

b. Where are these things?

1. 2.

Where is the snowman? Where is the train?

3. 4.

Where are the pen and pencil? Where are the children?

5. For the container: Start with 2 that is between 0 and 7. Go to 6 which is three places below the
2. Now move to no. 1 to the right of 6 . Move to 4 directly above. The number for the container is the
number next to the 4 to the left. What is the number?

2 3 5 7 9 8 9 7 6 3
2 4 6 3 5 4 6 8 8 1
4 6 4 8 0 2 7 5 3 1
7 3 8 4 0 1 5 8 3 6
0 2 8 4 9 2 3 6 2 4
1 4 8 9 7 6 3 9 2 1

42 Maritime English
 9 2 5 2 9 0 5 1 9 2

7. Showing a visitor round your vessel

Communication skill : speaking

a. Ask your partner about different places on his vessel!

b. Make a sketch of your vessel and show a visitor around your vessel. Use your sketch as a help for
your description of place!

8. Terms relating to the shapes

The shapes of objects can be referred to by using a number of methods :
By using the names of geometric figures

Two – Three-dimensional
dimensional Noun Adjective figures Noun Adjective
figures

Square Square Cube Cubic

Rectangle Rectangular Cylinder Cylindrical

Triangle Triangular Pyramid Pyramidal

Circle Circular Sphere Spherical

Hemispher
Semicircle Semicircular Hemisphere
ical

Elliptical /
Ellipse / oval Cone Conical
oval

UNIT 4
UNIT IV

1. Safety Equipment

43 Maritime English
a. Have a look at the 4 topics connected with safety equipment and study the words.

SAFETY EQUIPMENT ON BOARD

1. FIRE

Fire control plan Fire blanket Fire alarm

Fire extinguisher Fire hose emergency telephone

2. MAN OVERBOARD

Fast rescue boat Life buoy Lifebuoy with light/smoke float

Life buoy with light Binoculars rescue whistle

3. ABANDONING SHIP

44 Maritime English
 Muster station Immersion suit Life raft

First Aid Box Life boat Life jacket

Flash light

b. Read through the definitions and mark √ the word which goes with the definition.

1. The fire blanket helps reduce the loss of body heat and shock on
immersion suit entering cold water
life raft

2. A fire control plan is a mean for killing fire by pressing lots of

Fire alarm water through it
Fire hose

3. With emergency telephones you can search for persons or objects in the water
Binoculars
Smoke detector

45 Maritime English
4. With a First Aid Box you give a signal to the rescue team by
Protective clothing drawing
Rescue whistle their attention to you.

5. The Eye rinse station is the place where crew and passengers have to
Muster station meet immediately when required.
Fire alarm

c. Look at the symbols and the facts and write down where the safety equipment is. Remember the
prepositions you have learnt: 0n, in, at, between, near, next to, above, below, along, to the right of, to
the left of.

Example : There are 3 life boats on deck 2.

1 2 Main deck

2 7 Superstructure

3 4 hospital

4 5 galley

5 4 Laundry and
Ratings’
Messroom

6 6 Bridge

7 8 Bosun cabin

46 Maritime English
 8 1 Storeroom

2. Making a crew member familiar with the safety equipment.

Communication skill: listening

a. Listen to the text for the first time and look at the pictures or symbols for safety equipments.

When you identify a picture or a symbol, please tick √

b. Now listen again and make a note in the column “number” when ever you get how many of that kind of
safety equipment is on board.
c. Listen once again and fill in the location where the safety equipments is.
CD 1, Track 22
Bosun: Okay, I will show you where the safety equipment is. Let’s start on the main
deck.
Come this way please.
(……steps……walking down a ladder……door opening….)
Right, here we are. This is the main deck. There are six life buoys on the deck railing– three
on the starboard side and three on the port side.
Crew member: Is this a life line?

Bosun: Yes, that’s right. It is a life line. Four life buoys have life lines. Let’s have a
look
at the that life buoy over there.
(…..steps……)
This is a life buoy light. Two of the lifebuoys on the main deck have a life
buoy light.
Crew member: Okay, I see

Bosun: Let’s go back to the superstructure.

( …….steps……..)
Crew member: Is this a fire alarm-on the wall at the door?

Bosun: That is correct. It is a fire alarm.

Crew member: And that is a fire hose, isn’t it?

Bosun: That is right. This is a fire hose. It is the box in the wall.
Crew member: Are there also fire blankets?

Bosun: Of course, there are. Look, this is the symbol for ‘fire blanket’. The fire
blanket is in this box here on the wall. There are six fire blankets on each
deck.
Crew member: And these are the fire extinguisher.

Bosun: That’s right. There are a lot of fire extinguishers on each deck. – Okay, let’s

47 Maritime English
 go to the bridge. – Mind the step.
(…..Opening a door …..steps….)
Here we are – on the bridge. Look, this is the fire control plan. There is a fire control plan
on each deck. And this is the box with the immersion suit. There are more immersion
suits at the muster station near the life boats.

Crew member: Is this the emergency telephone?

Bosun: Yes, it is. There is an emergency telephone on the bridge, in the mess room,
in the pump room and in the engine room. Let’s go over there to the
starboard side.

Crew member: Is there a special life buoy in this box?

Bosun: Yes, there is. This life buoy has a light/smoke float. There are two life buoys
with a light/smoke float on board. They are on the bridge wings – one on the
port side, one on the starboard side.

Crew member: Okay, I see.

Bosun: Let’s go aft.
(….steps….door opening and closing…….)

Crew member: Oh, the life boats and the fast rescue boat.
Bosun: That’s right. There are two life boats. They are here – on the bridge deck.
There is one fast rescue boat on the starboard side on the bridge deck. Look
at this symbol. What does it mean?

Crew member: This is the symbol for the muster station. – Are these the life jackets?
Bosun: Yes, they are. There are life jackets in these boxes. But, as you know, every
crew member has a life jacket in his cabin – in the cupboard or under the bed
on the cabin floor.

Crew member: Yes, I know.

And these are the life rafts. There are four life rafts here on the bridge deck, and two on
the sixth deck in front of the funnel. Okay, let’s go down to the fire control room and the
hospital.
(…..steps……door opening and closing……)

Bosun: This is the fire control room. These are the breathing apparatuses. There are
two in this room. There are two in the engine control room, and there are two on the bridge.
Look, there is a smoke detector on the ceiling. There are smoke detectors all over the ship
– on each deck and in every room. This is a First Aid Box. It’s on the chair, not in the
cupboard. Wait a moment. I will put it back into back into the cupboard.
(……cupboard door opening and closing …….)
There is also a First Aid Box on the bridge, in the hospital, of course, and in the engine
control room.

48 Maritime English
Crew member: Okay, I see.
Bosun: Well, let’s go down to the paint store and then back to your cabin.
(…..steps…..door opening and closing…..)
This is the paint store. Look here – behind the door. This is the eye rinse station. There
are two more eye rinse stations on board – one on the bridge and the other one in the
engine room. Do you have any questions?

Crew member: No, I don’t.

Bosun: Okay, then let’s go to your cabin.
(……steps…..door opening and closing…….)
Okay where is your life jacket?

Crew member: It’s in the cupboard near the window. Look! – Oh, where is it?
Bosun: Is it under the bed on the floor?

Crew member: Let me check! – Yes, it is.

Bosun: Okay. Then go again to the locations of the safety equipment and learn
where everything is. I will test you tomorrow morning. Okay?

Crew member: Okay, Bosun, thanks.

Bosun: That’s all right. See you tomorrow morning.

49 Maritime English
1. Tick when identified 2. Number 3. Location

50 Maritime English
 3.
Loc
atio
n of
Safe
ty
Equipment.
Study the symbols, sketches and catch words and make up sentences about the location of safety
equipment.
Example:

X
Each deck;
End of corridor.

4. Survival Equipment.
Read through these 5 texts and watch the use of pronouns. Then find out what element of safety
equipment is described in each paragraph.

1. It is stowed in your cabin. Additional ones are stowed in the lockers in the lifeboats. Each one is fitted
with a whistle, retro-reflective tape and a light powered by a water-activated battery. You must know
how to wear it correctly; instructions are displayed in your cabin.
It is the _____________________________________

51 Maritime English
2. They are stowed so that they can be quickly thrown overboard in an emergency, including a person
falling overboard. At least half of them on the vessel have self-igniting lights, and on each side of the
vessel there is at least one. They are fitted with a combined light and orange smoke signal is carried
on each wing of the bridge.
It is the _____________________________________

3. They help reduce the loss of body heat and shock on entering cold water. They are very important life
saving appliances. It covers the wearer’s body with the exception of the face, and should be worn over
warm clothing. Many of them have an inherent buoyancy and an inflatable supporting collar. They will
be handed to you if necessary. They must always be used with approved life jackets.
These are _____________________________________

4. They are carried on the vessel enclosed fiberglass containers. They are strapped to deck fittings and
are designed to be thrown overboard and boarded in the water. The securing straps incorporate a
hydrostatic device designed to release it from its fitting when at depth of about 3 meters. Should the
vessel sink with it in its stowed position, the hydrostatic release activates and allows it to rise to the
surface fully inflated. Releases can also be operated manually.
They are _____________________________________

5. It is mounted on a pair of davits, allowing them to be lowered by gravity once the restraining brake is
released. The vessel’s crew will normally operate the equipment for lowering them. The use of them is
demonstrated to crew and passengers according to regulations.
They are _____________________________________

52 Maritime English
5. Mathematical Symbol.
a. Here are some mathematical symbols used in engineering

Symbol Example Meaning in full

. 3.142 Three point one four two

+ a+b a plus b

- a–b a minus b

x speed x distance speed multiplied by / times distance

÷ 10 ÷ 5 ten divided by five

/ 20 rev / s twenty revolutions per second

± ± 0.25 mm plus or minus zero point two five millimetres

: 2:1 in the ratio of two to one

% 5% five percent

2 3 3² 4³ three squared, four cubed

6 -610
6 -6 10 ten to the power six, ten to the power minus six

√ √5√5 the square root of five or root five, the cube root
of five

> x >y x is greater than y

< x<y x is less than y

= x=y x equals y

≠ x √y x is not equal to y

≈ x ≈ y x is approximately equal to y

≤ x≤ y+3 x is less than or equal to y + 3

53 Maritime English
 ≥ x ≥ y+3 x is more than or equal to y + 3

α Stress α strain Stress is proportional to strain

° 45 ° 18 ° Forty – five degrees, eighteen degrees

Centrigrade

⅓ ⅓ one third
⅛ ⅛ one eighth
⅔ ⅔ two third

b. Write the meaning of these examples of mathematical symbols!

1. 2.17
2. 132 + 8
3. 90 – 9
4. 1500 : 5
5. 75 %
6. 270°
7. ¾
8. x ≤ y + 10
9. 57 > 39
10. z ≠ y

Appendix 1
Reading on SMCP

SMCP B4/1.1: Conduct of passengers on board

Ladies and Gentleman. This is Captain Roberto Lopez speaking.

I have pleasure in informing you that all safety equipment is in full working order. The bow doors are
closed and secured. The vessel is in all respects ready for sea. Please listen carefully to the safety
instructions which follow. In the unlikely event of an emergency, please obey the orders given on the
public address system. Passengers are requested to read all notes and leaflets concerning safety
regulations.

SMCP B4/1.2: Briefing on safety regulations, preventive measures and communications

1. Attention please! Attention please!

54 Maritime English
 This is you captain with an important announcement. I repeat, this is you captain with an important
announcement. We have a minor fire in the engine room. There is no immediate danger to our
passengers or the ship – and there is no reason to be alarmed. For safety reasons we request all
passengers to go to their assembly stations on deck 2 and wait there for further instructions. Please
follow the instructions given by the officers and crew. The ship’s fire fighting team is fighting the fire.
We also have radio contact with radio coast stations. The fire is under control. As soon as I have
further information I will make another announcement. I ask you kindly to remain calm. There is no
danger at this time.

2. Attention please! Attention please!

This is your captain speaking. I have another announcement. The fire is not under control yet. There
is smoke formation in the engine room – access to this area is prohibited. For safety reasons we
request all passengers to prepare to go to their assembly stations. Access to the assembly stations
will via stair A. Do not forget to take your lifejackets and blankets with you.
All passengers of deck no 2 are requested to follow the crew members who will escort you to your
assembly stations. When you get to your assembly stations put on your lifejackets and wait for further
orders. Go to your lifeboats stations. Follow the escape route shown. The order to enter the lifeboats
will be given from the bridge or by the officers. We have just received a message from other vessel
that assistance is on the way. Assistance should arrive within approximately 2 hours.
Appendix 2
SMCP – Signals: Distress, Urgency and Safety Signals

MAYDAY is used to announce a distress message.

Example: MAYDAY. I am sinking after collision.

PAN-PAN is used to announce an urgency message.

Example: PAN-PAN. I have damage above waterline.

SECURITE is used to announce a safety message.

Example: SECURITE. Risk of grounding at low water.

Now make up your messages by writing the message correctly based on the commands/ the
announcement

Signals Announcement
Announce that you are in
danger of capsizing
MAYDAY Announce a dangerous list
to port side
Announce you collision
with iceberg
PAN - PAN Announce that you are in
critical condition

PAN - PAN Announce you damage

above waterline
Announce that you are not
under command
Announce uncharted rocks
in position 25° 23’S 178°
17’ E

55 Maritime English
SECURITE Announce your spilling of
crude oil
Announce that MV KATE
is dangerous source of
radiation

Appendix 3
1. Safety Signs

2. Direction signs

3. Prohibition signs

56 Maritime English
4. Fire Equipment signs

5. Warning signs

6. Mandatory sign

57 Maritime English
7. IMO safety sign

58 Maritime English
 UNIT V

1. Route Planning
Communication skill: Listening
a. Listen to the dialog for the first time, look at the map and fill in the chart the route points.

b. Now listen again and make notes on the different aspects in the chart.

Route points Cargo Weather/ Latitude/ Time Distance/ Stay in

Dangers/ Longitude difference Passage port
sight To Hamburg time
Hamburg

Antwerp

Rotterdam
Gulf of Biscay
Gibraltar

……

…..
Red Sea

59 Maritime English
 …
Indian Ocean

Bombay
….
….
Calcutta

Look at the maps based on the route points

60 Maritime English
CD 1, Track 23

Chief Mate: Hi, Mr. Lopez. Is everything all right with your cabin?
Mr. Lopez: Yes, thank you very much. I’ve made myself at home and now I want to learn more
about our voyage. Have you got a minute for me or should I come back later?

Chief Mate: Oh no, it’s o.k. now. I know that passengers on cargo vessels are very special
Persons and want to know everything exactly. So what are you especially interested in ?
Here we are in our chart room, so I can answer your questions also with the help of the
charts.
Mr. Lopez: Yes, I must say I’m really very excited about the voyage and I’d like to know as much
as possible about the nautical business.

Chief Mate: Fine. So let’s start here on the chart. You see, here is the port of Hamburg where we are
busy with the cargo at the moment.
Mr. Lopez: I see. It’s spare parts, cars and fertilizer. Is it all for the Indian ports?

Chief Mate: No, not the complete cargo. We’ll already discharge some cargo, cars and spare parts in
Aden.
Mr. Lopez: Um…, Aden, that is Yemen, isn’t it? But that is not our first port of destination, is
it?

Chief Mate: Oh no. To Yemen it is quite a way. Enough time for you to get your sea legs.
Mr. Lopez: Nice joke, so what will happen before my sea legs grow?

Chief Mate: Our next port of call will be Antwerp and Rotterdam where we will load more
cargo, machine parts and chemicals. Then off we go directly into the Gulf of Biscay.
Mr. Lopez: Do you think we will have heavy storms there?

Chief Mate: Normally not at this time of the year but you can never know. The sea is always
good for surprises.
Mr. Lopez: So from here we’ll sail along the coast of Spain and Portugal up to Gibraltar. Are

61 Maritime English
 these the famous rocks here, with monkeys?

Chief Mate: Yes, sure. And look, here we will enter the Mediterranean Sea.
Mr. Lopez: Do we have to change the clock here?

Chief Mate: Yes, after passing Italy and Greece in the North and Algeria and Libya in the South
we will approach Egypt, look longitude 30º East. There we are 1 hour ahead of Hamburg.
Mr. Lopez: And we are not far away from the Suez Canal, are we?

Chief Mate: Yes, here we prepare for the convoy for passing the canal in the roads of Port Said.
Mr. Lopez: How long does it take?

Chief Mate: Approximately 12 hours.

Mr. Lopez: Then the next part of the route is the Red Sea. How many nautical miles is it?

Chief Mate: From the Suez Canal to Aden it’s about 1,200 nautical miles.
Mr. Lopez: I hope there will be enough time in Aden for a short visit to the city.

Chief Mate: Yes, certainly. I don’t know exactly, but loading and unloading cargo will take
between 2 and 4 days.
Mr. Lopez: And the next route goes through the Indian Ocean. Is it dangerous waters?

Chief Mate: No, not really. I can’t think of any specific dangers. Now look here. The first port
of call in India will be Bombay, latitude 72º48’ E, time difference to Hamburg is 4½
hours.
Mr. Lopez: Oh, Bombay one of my dreams. I hope the stay will be long enough for some
sightseeing.

Chief Mate: I’m sure we will stay there for a couple of days because unloading and loading takes
time.
Mr. Lopez: What goods do you load for Europe in India?

Chief Mate: It’s basically tea, peanuts, oil cake, cotton and textiles.
Mr. Lopez: Very interesting. How many other ports is it before we arrive at Calcutta?

Chief Mate: Good question. I can’t tell you exactly because sometimes we change our route
According to the current demands. What I can see so far from the route planning, we will
have Cochin and Madras as ports of call between Bombay and Calcutta.
Mr. Lopez: What is your estimate for the total length of the voyage because I booked my flight
Back from Calcutta in exactly two months from today.

Chief Mate: Oh yes, that’ll give you plenty of time.

Mr. Lopez: Thank you very much for this interesting talk. I think we’ll have the chance for

62 Maritime English
 more.

Chief Mate: It was my pleasure. I wish you a pleasant first night on board of our vessel.
Mr. Lopez: Thank you and Good Night.

2. This is Hamburg, isn’t it?

Grammar : Question Tag
a. Study the chart

QUESTION TAGS

Question Tags are short questions added to a statement.

Aden, that is Yemen, isn’t it

In spoken English they are normally spoken on a falling tone ( like a statement ). They
indicate that the speaker wants the listener agree with the main statement. The speaker is just
seeking information.
If the speaker uses the question tag on a rising tone , he is doubtful and seeking
information.
For the tag we use the auxiliary verb of the statement.
You can swim, can’t you.
If there is no auxiliary verb in the sentence, we use a form of ‘do’
He works a lot, doesn’t he?
To a positive statement you add a negative tag: To a negative statement you add a positive
tag:
Aden, that is Yemen, isn’t it? But that is not our first port of destination, is it?
63 Maritime English
b. Look at these sentences. First add the correct question tag to each of them. Then read them aloud.
Example: We can go along, can’t we?

1. You are interested in navigation,………………?

2. This is the chart room, …………………..?
3. You are busy with the cargo, ……………?
4. We don’t discharge the complete cargo in Aden,…………?
5. We are not far from the Suez Canal,………………?

2. Distances

Grammar: Prepositional phrases of geographic location and distances

How far is it from A to B?

From To km Nautical miles

Hamburg Bombay 6,656 km 3,594
Cairo Calcutta 5,696 km 3,076
Lisbon Calcutta 9,075 km 4,900

4. Where are these locations?

Vocabulary: Longitude and Latitude
a. Fill in the map all countries where the marked cities are in.
b. Listen to the speaker and write down the position and the local time of these places compared to UTC
12:00 noon.
CD 1, Track 24

City Country Latitude Longitude UTC = 12:00

noon
1. Cape Town

2. Accra

3. Cairo

64 Maritime English
4. Lagos

5. Algiers

6. Mogadishu

7. Dakar

8. Dar Es Salaam

9. Kinshasa

10. Addis Ababa

11. Mecca

12. Nairobi

13. Tripoli

14. Antananarivo

5. Compass points
Vocabulary: Compass points
Where are these places? Complete the sheets.

a. Where is Ghana? f. Where is Tanzania situated?

It’s to the West of Nigeria It is situated to the ………….of Kenya

b. Where is Saudi Arabia? g. Where is Somalia located?

It’s to the ………..of Egypt and Sudan It is located to ……………of Ethiopia

c. Where is South Africa? h. Where is Algeria located?

It’s in ………………………….. It is located to the west of ……………

65 Maritime English
 i. Where is Egypt situated?
It’s to the north of ………………….
d. Where is Congo situated?
It’s situated to the ………….of Kenya and
Tanzania j. Where is Nigeria located?
It’s located at the west coast of………..

e. Where is Senegal situated? ………………………………………

Where is Kenya situated?………………………………………..
Where is Libya? ………………………………………………….

6. My hometown
Communication skill: Reading

Hi, welcome to visit my homepage. My name is Xin Yan. I’m Chinese. I come from Beijing the capital
city of China. I am a student of Computer Engineering.

You may not be very familiar with my hometown Beijing. Here is a brief introduction of it. As the capital
city of China, 43.5 m above sea level. The climate in Beijing is of the continental type, with cold and dry
winters and hot summers. January is the coldest month (-4º C), while July is the warmest (26º C)

Beijing has a whole area of 16,808 square km, stretching 160 kilometers from east to west and over
180 kilometers north to south. Population in Beijing is about 12 million.

As a modern city, Beijing also reflects the rich Chinese culture, history and tradition. There are a lot of
attractions, such as lots of places of historic interests, cafes and restaurants and modern shopping
places.

66 Maritime English
 The Great Wall, symbolizing China’s ancient civilization, is one of my favorite sights. It is a 75
kilometers to the northwest of Beijing. The Great Wall was used to protect the kingdom’s northern
territories.

But there are a lot more of interesting sights like the Forbidden City, the Zoo or the Tiananmen Square.
It is very hard to include all the attractions in Beijing in such a small file.

If you are interested and want to learn more surf in the internet. But believe me the best way is to go
and visit my hometown. I’m sure you will love the culture of the city.

7. My Country

Communication skills : b) Writing

Write about you and your country.

Say
- Who you are
- Where your hometown is situated
- Where the capital city of your country is located
- What town and cities near your hometown
- What tourist can visit in your hometown is
- What the people do etc

8. Me and my hometown

Communication Skill : d) Speaking

Use your text and contribute to a discussion in your group about people’s character , profession and
recreation places on your hometown.

9. Applied Terminology
The Transmission System

The transmission system on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller . It is
made up of shafts, bearings , and finally the propeller itself. The thrust from the propeller is
transferred to the ship through the transmission system .
The different items in the system include the thrust shaft , one or more intermediate
shafts and the tailshaft . These shafts are supported by the thrust block , intermediate bearings
and the sterntube bearing . A sealing arrangement is provided at either end of the tailshaft with
the propeller and cone completing the arrangement. These parts, their location and purpose
shown in this figure below.

67 Maritime English
Answer these questions!
1. What is the transmission system?
2. What is it made of?
3. Where is the thrust transferred from?
4. What are the different items in the system included?

UNIT VI

68 Maritime English
1. Giving Directions
Grammar: prepositions and prepositional phrases.
a. Study these prepositions which you can use together with the verbs go, walk and come.

up along across
down into Out of

past Back to through

b. Read the sentences carefully and fill in a suitable preposition.

1. If you want to find the galley, go …………this corridor.
2. I’m sorry, here you cannot go down. Please walk …………the lift or the stairs.
3. Here we are on deck 2, the bridge is on deck 4. If you want to meet the captain, you must walk two
levels ………
4. Ah, you want to meet the chief engineer. He is in the engine room. The engine room is 3 decks
………
5. I’ll meet you in the mess room in ten minutes. Please go ……….. the mess room, have a cup of
coffee and wait for me.
6. Here we are on the port side. The life boats are on the starboard side. Please walk…………..and you
can have a look at them.
7. The rating’s cabins are on the other end of the ship. You must go ………….three doors on this
corridor.
8. The captain is in a meeting. If you want to speak to him, please wait until he comes out of his office.
9. Ah, you want to go to the laundry. Go down here, then walk ……….the office and the hospital.
10. From the bridge to the engine room you must walk three decks ……….., then …………the corridor,
…………two doors, you go ………..the chief engineer’s office and a store room. The next door takes
you directly ………….the engine room.

2. Places on the Vessel

Vocabulary: positions and places on board.

a. Study more words and phrases for describing a place on a vessel.

*
69 Maritime English *
inside outside
between
 *

on starboard side on port side

aft fore/forward midship forecastle

b. Tell your friend the following about your vessel:

1. What safety equipment he can see on starboard / port side, aft, fore and midship.
2. What safety equipment he can find inside and outside a location or between two places.

3. Mr. Chan’s First “Expedition” on board.

Communication Skill: Listening

Draw your own sketches about places on board based on the dialog below.

CD 1 track 26
Chief Mate : Hi, Mr. Chan.
Mr. Chan : Hi, Chief Mate. Nice vessel, you’ve got, modern and clean. And the bridge
is really impressing. May I have a look around?
Chief Mate : Please do so. If you want to have a look at the charts, just into this room behind the
bridge, this is the chart room.
Mr. Chan : I see. And this is our present route, isn’t it?
Chief Mate : Yes, NNW. As you see I’m on duty at the moment, so can’t show you round the vessel.
I’m very sorry about that. But I can explain everything to you from here and if you make
some notes, you’ll find all the places yourself when you go round.
Mr. Chan : Oh good idea. Off we go!
Chief Mate : Well, two levels down below the bridge there are master’s cabin on the starboard side.
And your cabin is on the same deck, but on the portside. Right?
Mr. Chan : True. So the master must go one deck up to his office and another deck up to the
bridge. Correct?

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Chief Mate : Yes, his office is right below the bridge. So when you go out of the bridge, go down two
levels you’ll pass your cabin. Then go along the corridor. You’ll pass the officers’ cabins.
The Chief Engineer’s cabin is midships on the port side. Midships there is also
a lift. It goes down to the engine room level. When you come out of the lift the engine
room is just across.
Mr. Chan : Good. So this should be my first destination because the Chief Engineer will take me
round the engine room in half an hour.
Chief Mate : Fine, So after your visit to the engine room you should go back to this deck
here and have a look at the safety equipment. We have aft the life boats on the both
sides. The life rafts are on the same deck you can see them when you go past the
lifeboats in forward direction. Now you are midships again. So what is the next you should
see?
Mr. Chan : Yes, where is the mess room?
Chief Mate : Right. We have two mess rooms. You have your meals in the officers’ mess
room. This is when you go midships the stairs one deck down, go forward through the
door and you are in the officers’ mess room.
Mr. Chan : Is the ratings’ mess room on the same deck?
Chief Mate : Yes. When you go back to the midships section you’ll see the ratings’ mess
room.
Mr. Chan : Is the galley on the same level?
Chief Mate : No, the galley is two decks down from the mess rooms below the funnel.
Mr. Chan : Two decks down? So what about the transport of the food?
Chief Mate : oh, the transport of food is no problem. We have a food lift. Next to the
galley we have more rooms which you may be interested in. When you go aft along this
corridor you’ll see the laundry and the hospital. The laundry is between galley and
hospital.
Mr. Chan : Quite confusing, isn’t it?
Chief Mate : No, not really. What else is there?
Mr. Chan : The ratings’ cabins and the store rooms.
Chief Mate : Yes. But that is hard to describe. O.K. the store room, in fact we have two
store rooms. One is aft on the level of the engine room, the other is on the forecastle.
Mr. Chan : O.K. And the ratings’ accommodation?
Chief Mate : the ratings’ cabins are aft on the deck above the engine room. Oh, there is still the radio
room left. You’ll find it when you go back to your cabin. The radio room is just above your
cabin, next to the master’s cabin.
Mr. Chan : Now I think I’ve got everything. Thank you very much. I will start my expedition now.
Chief Mate : Fine. Enjoy yourself and don’t get lost.

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4. Go! Don’t go!
Grammar: imperative form
a. Study the table

The Imperative

For the imperative there is no special form in English. Just use the infinitive without to. You
use it to:
- give instructions Go down two levels. Then turn right.
- make invitations Come in. Please start.
- give warnings Be careful.

With the negative form of the imperative you express a:

- warning Don’t use this ladder.
- prohibition Don’t enter this area.

b. Give as many instructions and warnings as you can in connection with:

1. The fire extinguisher
2. The life boat
3. The engine

c. Imagine you have a visitor on board who is everywhere and touches everything.
What prohibitions would you make?

5. Showing the Way

Grammar: prepositions and prepositional phrases.
a. Study these phrases.

Go to the end
Turn right Turn left Go straight on Go in there
of the corridor

b. Use them together with all prepositions you remember to describe to your partner the way on your
vessel.
1. From the bridge to your cabin.

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 2. From your cabin to the mess room.
3. From the mess room to the engine room.
4. From the engine room to the life boats.
5. From the life boats to the bridge.

6. Asking a lot of Questions

Grammar : Question forms

a. Study this sketch on services on board of a ferry.

b. Ask Questions about the service available on board of the ferry.
c. Talk to your fellow student and ask him where the places are.
Use questions like:
1. Excuse me, where do I find ……………?
2. Where is /are the ……………..situated?
3. How do I get to the …………………..?
4. Which way is to the ………………….?

7. Diesel Engines
The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high-
pressure air in a combustion chamber. In common with all internal combustion engines the diesel engine
operates with a fixed sequence of events, which may be achieved either in four strokes or two, a stroke
being the travel of the piston between its extreme points. Each stroke is accomplished in half a revolution of
the crankshaft.

The four-stroke engine

A cross-section of a four-stroke cycle engine is shown below. The engine is made up of a piston which
moves up and down in a cylinder which is covered at the top by a cylinder head. The fuel injector, through
which fuel enters the cylinder, is located in the cylinder head and held shut by springs. The piston is joined
to the connecting rod by a gudgeon pin. The bottom end or big end of the connecting rod is joined to the
crankpin which forms part of the crankshaft. With this assembly the linear up-and-down movement of the
piston is converted into rotary movement of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is arranged to drive through
gears the camshaft, which either directly or through pushrods operates rocker arms which open the inlet
and exhaust valves. The camshaft is “timed” to open the valves at the correct point in the cycle. The
crankshaft is surrounded by the crankcase and the engine framework which supports the cylinders and
houses the crankshaft bearings. The cylinder and cylinder head are arranged with water-cooling passages
around them.

The two-stroke engine

A cross-section of a two-stroke cycle engine is shown below. The piston is solidly connected to a piston rod
which is attached to a crosshead bearing at the other end. The top end of the connecting rod is also joined
to the crosshead bearing. Ports are arranged in the cylinder liner for air inlet and a valve in the cylinder
head enables the release of exhaust gases. The incoming air is pressurized by a turbo-blower which is
driven by the outgoing exhaust gases. The crankshaft is supported within the engine bedplate by the main
bearings. A-frames are mounted on the bedplate and house guides in which the crosshead travels up and

73 Maritime English
down. The entablature is mounted above the frames and is made up of the cylinders, cylinder heads and
the scavenge trucking.

Four-stroke engine

74 Maritime English
A. Answer these questions!
1. What is a diesel engine?
2. What is covered at the top by a cylinder head?
3. What is joined to the connecting rod by a gudgeon pin?

B. Match the following words with their meaning

1. Pulley a. Saluran Buang
2. Shaft bearing b. Pegas Katup
3. Valve Rod c. Bantalan Poros
4. Reversing gear d. Katrol (Puli)
5. Exhaust passage e. Batang Katup
6. Valve Spring f. Batang Torak
7. Piston Rod g. Rongga Katup
8. Exhaust valve h. Katup Buang
9. Valve chest i. Roda Gigi Pembalik

75 Maritime English
10. Reversing Lever j. Katup Pengaman
11. Relief Valve k. Tuas Pembalik
12. Loose Gear l. Poros Utama
13. Main Shaft m. Gigi Netral
14. Neutral Gear n. Roda-gigi Lepas
15. Piston Ring o. Cincin Torak
16. Main Switch p. Sakelar Utama

UNIT VII

1. Kinds of films
Vocabulary: Types of films
Look! A very special kind of cargo is delivered. It is for the entertainment of crew and passengers.

76 Maritime English
For the long voyage a lot of films on video or DVD are delivered to the vessel, so that the crew and
passengers can spend their evening watching them.

a. Now have a look at the titles of the films and write down what type of film each title migh

………… ………….. …………… ……………. ……………… ………………

b. Say what kinds of film are your favourite. Give some titles as examples. Speak about the actors
too.

2. New films for the voyage

Communication skill: Listening

a. Listen to the dialog for the first time, and fill in the types of films mentioned in the text.
CD 1 Track 28

Chief Mate : Hi, Bosun how is life today?

Bosun : I’m fine, thank you, Chief Mate. Look, the new entertainment has arrived.
Chief Mate : Is it the new films for our voyage?
Bosun : Right. And it’s really a large variety. Also some love stories, something for
the heart.

Chief Mate : I tell you what: I don’t like this stuff very much, but a lot of crews do. My
favourite are documentaries. Are there any good ones in the box?
Bosun : Documentaries, let me see. Yes, even on different topics……About the wild
life in Africa, crocodiles in the Nile,…and here is something on Indian tigers. Here are
also reports on different capitals in the world and so on and so forth. Enough for 3
months.
Chief Mate : Fine, so I know what I can do in my very limited free time. And what about
you and your interest?
Bosun : At the moment I haven’t found my favourite yet. Here is a lot of rubbish like

77 Maritime English
 thrillers and horror films. I must say I really hate watching these kinds of films but my
children love them and spend too much time in front of the box. They could watch this
awful stuff for hours…………
Chief Mate : Well, if you ask me, some thrillers by Hitchcock like ‘Birds’ or
Psycho1’,’Psyco 2’ are not bad.
Bosun : Yes, if you think of these. They are really classics. I like excellent dramas, especially
films which are made from great books like “Out of Africa”.
Chief Mate: Not bad, and what about musicals. “My Fair Lady” was one of the best.
Bosun : That is not so very much my cup of tea – too much noise. I really love these
old classical Westerns, like these with the extraordinary John Wayne.
Chief Mate : Yes, the Americans produce a lot in their Hollywood machinery. Some are
great but there’s also a lot you can really forget. All this science fiction rubbish , this
‘Star Wars’ and ‘Enterprise’ nonsense.
Bosun : Oh, don’t say that. Young people are crazy for them. They wait for every
new part coming into the cinemas…- Oh, here something for me. ‘Saving Private
Ryan’. Normally I find films on war rather boring, but this one is a real masterpiece. I
watched it together with my family when it was on our local cinema. It was really
excellent. Steven Spielberg got the Oscar ‘Best Film’ for it in 1998. I would like to see it
once again.
Chief Mate : So I should join you when you watch it again on board. Altogether you can
say with all these films time on board can not become boring, if even our voyage takes
a bit longer than normal.
Bosun : Right. So I will produce a list of the films now and pass it round the cabins
so that the crew is informed and everybody can choose what he likes. Ah, here is also
something which most of our crew likes very much. –Comedy, comedy, comedy – from
Mr Bean to all the other famous comedians. This is really great fun. And laughing is
healthy, Chief Mate, right?
Chief Mate : O.K. So I see you in the evening then together with Mr. Bean.
Bosun : O.K. It’s 8.30, shortly after dinner allright?
Chief Mate : Yes, suits me well.

b. Listen again and make notes on the different opinions of the Bosun and Chief Mate in
the dialog.

Types of film Film title Commentary of Commentary of Chief

mentioned mentioned Bosun Mate

78 Maritime English
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

3. My opinion

Vocabulary: adjectives for expressing opinion

a. This is how you can express your opinion about a film, a book or any other event.

From Positive ( + ) to negative ( - )

+++
great,
excellent,
wonderful,
extraordinary
++
interesting
+
good
O.K
-
Boring
--
Bad
---
terrible,
awful,
horrible

b. Now refer to the films being mentioned by your friend in No. 1 make your comments on what
they said!

79 Maritime English
4. Very interesting!
Grammar: Adverb of degree

a. Study how to combine the adjectives with adverbs of degree.

Adverbs of degree

Very
Really
Quite
Rather
Not so
Not really
Not very
not

b. Now make up 5 statements about a film you watched or a book you read recently!

5. Leisure Activities
Vocabulary: Leisure activities

a. Match these indoors activities with the pictures

a. Playing chess d. Playing an instrument g. Reading

b. Sleeping e. Listening to music h. Drinking coffee.
c. Watching TV f. Playing cards

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

80 Maritime English
6. Talking about free time activities

Grammar: Gerund

a. Study the table

The Gerund

If you want to say what you feel about an activity, you can use the
verbs shown below and combine them with the Gerund (verb + ing).

Example: I like playing football very much

Love
Enjoy
Like
Don’t like
Dislike
Hate

b. Now talk to your partner about your free time activities and what you feel about them.

Example 1:

A: What do you like doing in your free time?

B: I really love sailing

Example 2:

A: Do you enjoy cycling?

B: Yes, I do / No, I don’t but I like riding my motorbike.

c. Make dialog using these pictures!

1. 2.

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3. 4.

7. E-Mail Correspondence

Communication skill: Reading, writing

Read Anne’s e-mail and reply

From: “Anne Cliff”<fun@hotmail.com> Reply

To:Roy_Man@hotmail.com To:
Subject: My leisure activities Subject:
Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2007 12:50:15

Roy,
Last time you asked me about my hobbies
and so on. So what can I say? I enjoy
reading and working with the computer. To
be quite honest, I am a real computer freak,
but I also enjoy watching television. Some of
my favourite programs are comedies, nature
programs and documentaries, although I also
like watching game shows and any other
rubbish
82 that is shown
Maritime on the box.
English
At the weekend I like listening to music with
my friends and having a drink. At home I do
a lot of outdoor activities, so I love playing
handball, jogging in the local park and
7. Expressing Frequency: From always to never

Grammar: adverb of frequency

a. Arrange the adverbs according to the frequency they express

Seldom sometimes Always

Occasionally quite often

(not) often
never usually
almost always (not) very often

frequently always
hardly ever Never

b. Tell your own activities using adverbs of frequency.

9. Discussing leisure activities on board and at home

Communication skill: Speaking

Discuss with your partner what leisure activities you like or dislike. What activities are possible on
board of the vessel and which ones you do at home? Also discuss about the time you have for these
activities and how often you do them.

83 Maritime English
10. Applied Terminology
LUBRICATION

The lubrication system of an engine provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts in
the engine. Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts, which
reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also used as a cleaner and in some engines as a
coolant.

Lubricating oil system

Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the bottom of the crankcase, known as the sump, or in a drain
tank located beneath the engine. The oil is drawn from this tank through a strainer, one of a pair of
pumps, into one of a pair of fine filters. It is then passed through a cooler before entering the engine
and being distributed to the various branch pipes. The branch pipe for a particular cylinder may feed
the main bearing, for instance. Some of this oil will pass along a drilled passage in the crankshaft to
the bottom end bearing and then up a drilled passage in the connecting rod to the gudgeon pin or
crosshead bearing. An alarm at the end of the distribution pipe ensures that adequate pressure is
maintained by the pump. Pumps and fine filters are arranged in duplicate with one as standby.

The fine filters will be arranged so that one can be cleaned while the other is operating. After use in the
engine the lubricating oil drains back to the sump or drain tank for re-use. A level gauge gives a local
read-out of the drain tank contents. A centrifuge is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system
and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank.

The oil cooler is circulated by sea water, which is at a lower pressure than the oil. As a result any leak in
the cooler will mean a loss of oil and not contamination of the oil by sea water.

Where the engine has oil – cooled pistons they will supplied from the lubricating oil system, possibly at a
higher pressure produced by booster pump, e.g. Sulzer RTA engine . An appropriate type of lubricating
oil must be used for oil – lubricated pistons in order to avoid carbon deposits on the hotter parts of the
system

Cylinder lubrication
Large slow – speed diesel engines are provided with a separate lubrication system for the cylinder liners .
Oil is injected between the liner and the piston by mechanical lubricators which supply their individual
cylinder. A special type of oil is used which is not recovered . As well As lubricating it assists in forming a
gas seal and contains additives which clean the cylinder liner

Cylinder lubricating
Oil service tank

Sea water in

Cylinder lubrication
box

Distribution manifold
84 Maritime English
Engine Sea water out
 pumps filters

Lubricating oil system

Lubricating oil system

A. Answer these questions!

1. What does the lubrication system provide in the engine?
2. What is its main function?
3. What is the lubricating oil also used?
4. Is it stored in the bottom of the crankcase?
5. What is the function of an alarm at the end of the distribution pipe?

B. Write True ( T ) or False ( F ) these statements below!

1. Lubricating oil for an engine isn’t stored in the bottom of the crankcase.
2. The oil is drawn from a bottle through a strainer, one of a pair of pumps, into one of a pair of fine
filters.
3. The oil cooler is circulated by sea water.
4. Large slow – speed diesel engines aren’t provided with a separate lubrication system for the cylinder
liners.
5. Oil is injected between the crankshaft and the piston by mechanical lubricators which supply their
individual cylinder.

85 Maritime English
 UNIT VIII

1. According to our check list- these are our routine operations

Vocabulary: Verbs describing routine operations on board

1. Look at the symbol for safety equipment and fill in the correct word for each item

This is the Verbs for routine work if when

Fix Broken Every week
Check Doesn’t work Every month
Write Out of order Once a month
Re-write Has expired Twice a week
Correct Damaged Three times
Install Defective per year
Roll out Loose Now and then
Test Spoilt Sometimes
Replace Ruined regularly
Re-new Destroyed
Repair It is required

86 Maritime English
 Go to
Change the position of
Insert a battery
Practice handling
Pack
Re-fill
Paint
Fasten
secure

2. Then use the verbs and say what you do to keep your safety equipment in good condition. Also say
when or under what conditions you do that.
Example: We repair the smoke detector if it does not work properly.
Every morning, I check the emergency telephone.

2. Fire!
Communication skill: listening

a. Listen to the dialog and decide if the statements are true √ or false X
b. Listen once again and, if the statement was wrong, fill in the correct fact.

1. There is fire on deck two.

2. Three fire fighting teams are fighting the fire.

3. One person is injured.

4. Crewman Simpson is lying under the bed.

5. They are opening the door to the cabin with an axe

6. They are taking the bosun to the hospital.

7. The 2nd officer is coming for help.

87 Maritime English
8. Crewman Simpson has lost his money.

9. The fire fighting team will check the fire area every 20 minutes.

10. A white smoke is developing.

Correct Fact

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CD 2, Track 1

FIRE ALARM
Helmsman: Fire Alarm
2nd Officer: We have smoke on deck three. I’m calling the master and you are calling the
fire fighting team, right.
Helmsman: O.K. – Fire fighting team to the bridge – Fire fighting team to the bridge.
2nd Officer: Bridge. 2nd Officer speaking. Captain, we are having smoke on deck three,
will you come to the bridge, please.
Master: I’m coming

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Bruggs: Fire fighting team is ready. We are going down to deck 3 now to check.
Master: O.K., Mr. Bruggs. Please keep in touch.------
Mr. Bruggs, where are you walking now?
Bruggs: We are walking down the corridor on deck 3, starboard side. The smoke is
coming from aft where the cabins are. Well, we are getting close to cabin 32, 33,
34 now. We are standing in front of cabin 34. The smoke is coming out of cabin 34.
Yes, it’s cabin 34.
Master: Are you all wearing your face masks?
Bruggs: Yes; sure, we are. We are now trying to open the door. It is very difficult.
We are using the axe. The door is open. We are going in. There is a lot of smoke.
Master: What is on fire?
Bruggs: The table and a chair are on fire and the fire is spreading very fast towards
the bed.
Master: Is there any body there?
Bruggs: We are looking for crewman Simpson. He should be in here. Ah, he is lying
on the floor. Simpson, Simpson. He lost consciousness. We are taking him out of the
cabin into the corridor.
Master: O.K the 2nd Officer is now coming down with a stretcher and another fire fighting party
and more fire extinguishers.
Bruggs: Good. We are using our last fire extinguisher. And we require more.
The flames are now reaching to the ceiling and are leaping now towards us.
2nd Officer: Captain, we are approaching the cabin 34 now. Two men are taking the
injured crew member to the hospital. We are replacing Bruggs and his team now.
Master: Is the fire under control now?
2nd Officer: The flames are getting smaller. A white smoke is developing. O.K. Captain.
Fire is under control now. No other persons are missing.
Master: O.K. Then check the other cabins and the whole corridor and report.
2nd Officer: Fire is completely under control. I am returning to the bridge. The fire
fighting team will check the fire area every 20 minutes. The fire fighting means remain
on standby.

3. Look, what we are doing here!

Grammar: Present Continuous

a. Study the table about form and function of Present Continuous.

89 Maritime English
 The Present Continuous

In general, we use the Present Continuous when we are thinking about something
that is unfinished or incomplete. So we use it to describe:
- an action that is going on at this moment, e.g.
You are studying English grammar just now.
- an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend, e.g.
More and more people are becoming sports fans
- an action or event in the future which has already been planned or prepared,
e.g.
We are going on holiday tomorrow.
- a temporary event or situation, e.g.
The weather forecast was good, but it is raining at the moment.
Be careful! Some verbs are not used in the continuous form because they refer to
states, rather than actions or processes. These are verbs like:
 feel, hear, see, smell, taste
 assume, believe, consider, suppose, think, understand
 fear, dislike, hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish.
 Contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh.

b. Say what the people on the vessel are just doing. Example: The helmsman is watching the
fairway.

1. The Chief Mate ………………………………(cast anchor)

2. The Master. ………………………………….(maneuver in difficult water)
3. The computer ………………………………..(calculate course and route)
4. The 2nd Mate …………………………………(check charts)
5. The deck ratings ……………………………...(paint railing)
6. The bosun…………………………………….(count the lifejackets)

c. Change those sentences into negative and interrogative.

4. Current activities in the engine room

Vocabulary: Verbs describing current activities in the engine room

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Make sentence based on the picture using present continuous tense

1. Repair the generator 2. Check the pumps 3. Weld 4. Hold adjustable wrench

5. Check lubricating system 6. Work in engine room control 7. Change the oil

5. My first days on board

Communication skill: Reading, Grammar, Contrast between Simple Present and

Present Continuous

a. Read these pages from a diary of a very young seaman who has spent his first week on board.

25 November 26 November

Today is my second day on board. I’m tired
and my arms are trembling. I just hope I
will be able to complete the parts which I
have to paint. The pain in my back is really
killing.
The life on board is fascinating but I have
a great deal to learn. Everything is so
different from home. I’m trying to adapt
to the new way of life. I hear and learn a
lot from a polish guy. Unfortunately, I
don’t learn foreign language quickly.

27 November

I’m working currently with
Liam from China. He is a nice
man, friendly but impatient.
He is always working ahead of
me and is complaining that I
am too slow. I am doing my
very best to keep up with him.
Right now Liam is sitting with the
bosun. They are discussing the
differences between life and work
routine in China and in America. Liam
speaks English very well and is trying
to teach the bosun now how to propose
a toast in Chinese.

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b. Read the texts once again and underline the use of Simple Present and Present Continuous.

6. Routine operations and current activities contrasted

Grammar: Contrast between Present Simple and Present Continuous

a. Professions and activities

It’s holiday today People below aren’t working. Say what they do in their jobs and what they are doing
at the moment. Make up sentences like this.

Example:
Ray drives buses but at the moment he is dancing with his wife.

Ray
Bus driver

1.…………………………………………………………………………

Brian
House builder

2. …………………………………………………………………………

Sven
Dress maker
3. …………………………………………………………………….

Bruni
Car salesman
4. …………………………………………………………………….

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 Fredo
Postman

b. Fill the gaps in the sentences by using the verbs in this list in the right form

Attend Get through inform Make

Assist Look up Pick up
Call back Put through
Deserve

1. Normally he ………………………………straight away.

2. The bosun always ………………………..the phone first.
3. After this hard action we ………………...a rest.
4. Just now he ……………………….the fire fighting team.
5. He ………………………the paragraph in the manual at the moment.
6. Today I ……………………………a training course on ISM.
7. Once a week the Chief Mate ……………….us about the latest safety regulations.
8. We hardly ever …………………………to the agent so easily.
9. Please hold on ………………you ………….to the Chief Engineer.
10. I …………………….some notes now and I’ll inform you in a few minutes.

7. Words Stress
Phonology: Revision of word and sentence stress

1. Study this table.

Word Stress

We do not say each syllable of a word with the same force or strength. We always
stress one syllable in each word and say it very loudly and all the other syllables more
quietly.
And even if it is nearly the same word we often do not stress the same syllable.
Therefore it is important to learn the stress pattern of each word.

words shape No of syllables Stressed syllable

APPLY 2 2nd

APPLICATION 4 3rd

APPLICABLE 3 1st

There are two important rules about word stress:

1. One word, one stress.
2. The stress is always on a vowel.

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 Master Container Deteriorate
Device Survivor Barometric
Address Transhipment Extinguisher
Advice Direction Identification
Embark Dangerous Prohibited
Forecastle Alongside Re-established
Transfer Favourable Restoration
Injured Frequency Semicircle
Pilot Jettison Superstructure
Radar Manoeuvre Temporarily

2. Pay attention to the main stress in these words.

8. Sentence Stress
Phonology: Revision of word and sentence stress

a. Study this table

Sentence Stress

Sentences Stress is the music of spoken English. It gives the language its rhythm or
“beat”. It is accent on certain words within a sentence.
There are two types of words:
 content words = they are stressed
 function words = they are unstressed

Content words Function words

Words carrying meaning Examples Words for correct Examples
grammar
1. Main verb READ 1. Pronouns He, we
2. Nouns VESSEL 2. Prepositions On, at, in
3. Adjectives BIG 3. Articles A, an, the
4. Adverbs FAST 4. Conjunctions And, but
5. Negative auxiliaries DON’T 5. Auxiliary verbs Do, have, is

Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry
meaning. If you remove the functions words from a sentence, you will probably
understand the sentence.

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b. Practice the sentences aloud

A. Storm is coming over night. We are going to secure all things in the galley.

B.
The chemicals in these barrels are extremely dangerous goods.

C. Unfortunately, we haven’t been able to finish discharging on time.

D. We are walking down the corridor on deck 3, starboard side. The smoke is
coming from aft where the cabins are.

9. Intonation
Phonology: Revision of rising and falling intonation

a. Study the table

Intonation

Intonation is the melodic pattern of an utterance. There are two basic patterns:
1. Falling intonation

With this pattern, the speaker drops the tone at the end of the sentence.

2. Rising intonation

With this pattern, the speaker raises his voice on the last stresses syllable of the
sentence and keeps the tone higher to the end of the sentence.
This pattern is used to indicate that what he is saying or asking requires a YES or
NO answer.
Is that RIGHT?

b. Practice your intonation skills

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 1. We have smoke on deck three.
2. I’m calling the master and you are calling the fire fighting, right?
3. Fire fighting team to the bridge! - Fire fighting team to the bridge!
4. Bridge. 2nd Officer speaking.
5. Will you come to the bridge, please.
6. I’m coming.

10. Standard Engine Orders

Vocabulary: Standard engine orders

a. Study the table.

SMCP AII/2 Standard Engine Orders

Any engine order given should be repeated by the person operating the bridge telegraph
and the officer of the watch should ensure the order is carried out correctly and immediately.

Examples: Order

Starboard engine. Full astern

Stop port engine.
Emergency full ahead.

b. Read the standard engine orders loudly

1. Stop Port engine 1. Stop starboard engine

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2. Port engine. Dead slow ahead 2. Starboard engine. Dead slow ahead
3. Port engine. Slow ahead 3. Starboard engine. Slow ahead
4. Port engine. Half ahead. 4. Starboard engine. Half ahead
5. Port engine. Full Ahead 5. Starboard engine. Full ahead.
6. Stand by Port engine 6. Stand by Starboard engine
7. Port engine. Dead slow astern 7. Starboard engine. Dead slow astern.
8. Port engine. Slow astern 8. Starboard engine. Slow astern.
9. Port engine. Half astern. 9. Starboard engine. Half astern.
10. Port engine. Full astern 10. Starboard engine. Full astern

11. Applied Terminology: HAND TOOLS

a. Read this text and answer the questions

HAND TOOLS
Some hand tools are hammer, screwdriver, pliers, and wrench. There are many kinds of hammers, They
are a machinist’s hammer, a soft hammer, a sledge hammer and a scaling hammer. A machinist’s
hammer is used for hammering hard place of metal, and a soft hammer is used for hammering a finished
surface. A sledge hammer is used for producing heavy blows and a scaling hammer is for removing
scales, paints, etc from metal surface. A screwdriver is used for tightening or loosening screws. Pliers are
mostly used for gripping and bending objects. Wrenches are used for tightening or removing bolts, nuts,
studs, etc. They also can be used for gripping round material such as pipe, round rods and so on.

Answer these questions!

1. Mention some hand tools!
2. What are kinds of hammer?
3. What is the function of a screwdriver?

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4. What is a plier used for?
5. What are wrenches used for?

b. Match these words with their meaning!

1. Spare parts a. Katup
2. Stress b. Poros
3. Rod c. Onderdil
4. Valve d. Tuas
5. Stroke e. Tegangan
6. Gauge f. Pengukur
7. Knob (button) g. Langkah
8. Shaft h. Batang
9. Lever i. Piring
10. Switch j. Tombol
11. Exhaust k. Kumparan
12. Revolution l. Putaran
13. Coil (Spool) m. Sakelar
14. Disc n. Buang

UNIT IX

1. Emergency onboard

Vocabulary: Types of emergency on board; Grammar: Imperative forms for

urgent commands

Fire on deck Electrical fire Collision Man overboard Grounding

Match the types of emergencies with commands which might go with them

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 Commands Types of Emergency

Do it!
Sound the alarm!
Check the fire!
Inform VTS about oil in water!
Stop the engine!
Reverse the engine!
Switch off the generator!
Fetch all fire extinguishers!
Close all doors!
Lower the ladder!

Commands Types of Emergency

Don’t do it!
Don’t open the door!
Don’t enter the cargo hold!
Don’t use the plug!
Don’t enter deck 2!
Don’t use the foam extinguisher!
Don’t panic!
Don’t get too close to the fire!
Don’t lose sight of the person!
Don’t move the person!

2. It’s for our safety.

Communication skill: listening

a. Listen to the dialog and give your opinion on the general quality of the safety check on this vessel.
CD 2, track 4

Captain : Well, gentleman. Off we go for our safety tour. Everybody present. – Yes.- Same
procedure as ever. Fire fighting equipment first.
Bosun : These extinguishers are completely new, corrosion and some damage – you know.
Captain : I see. They are all in perfect condition. Hello, Mr. Swento. We are looking for the fire
extinguishers on this deck, can you help us?
Swento : Sorry, sir,…you mean….what…?
Captain : Fire extinguisher. Fire ….killing.
Swento : Ah, there. You look. Fire, yes for fire.
Captain : And, do you know how to operate ….to handle …..to do it?
Swento : Yes, yes, for fire. Fire –not good. O.K., very fine.
Captain : We must have a fire fighting training urgently, especially for the new foreign crew
members. And we must also train them in basic language skills.

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Chief Mate : Right, It’s so important in all emergency situations that they uinderstand the commands
and questions as well as react correctly on them. Otherwise, the disaster will be just a
minute away.
Captain : Yes, the training for operating the devices is as important as the training in emergency
communications. And I think we should also train to keep calm in emergency cases and
not to panic.
Bosun : Right, if everything should run smoothly also a training in team working and right reaction
in the right moment is required.
Chief Mate : This emergency telephone here. Bosun, nobody can reach it because these boxes block
the access to the telephone.
Bosun : You are right. They’ll be removed immediately.
Captain : Now those fire hoses over there. – Bosun! Check the fire hoses and report.
Bosun : They are all O.K. This one is new and that one looks perfect.
Captain : Bosun, now check all fire signs and report if they are all in position and well readable.
Now let’s have a closer look at the lifeboats and liferafts.
Here we are. From the outside everything looks fine. A little bit paint is missing on the
starboard side. We should now check the inventory. The hooks, the first aid-kits. Oh this
one has expired. We must have a new one. The blankets,…..
Chief Mate : O.K. And we mustn’t forget to record the expiry date of the foodstuff rations and the
drinking water. Foodstuff …..in two month. Drinking water ….these rations are O.K. but
those ones must be replaced. Captain. Here is the complete check list for inventory. Two
replacements and some paint on the starboard side.
Captain : Well, Bosun, when was the last “man overboard” training. I can’t remember exactly.
Bosun : Monday week. And the crew did quite well. The only problem, you know, to speak with
hands and feet when lowering the lifeboat. Eventually we did successfully, but the time
was too long. Too much explanations, a waste of time. This week we’ll have an extra run,
additionally to the routine drill.

Chief Mate : Good idea. And I’ll do some extra training of emergency language. The crew is very
willing and efficient.
Captain : I’m glad to hear that. An emergency is no fun and with an unskilled crew we can only rely
on Good father. Well, I think we can finish our tour here. Bosun and Chief Mate, you
collect all facts and figures now for a complete report. Hand it over to me tonight for the
final meeting tomorrow morning, at 09:00 hours.

b. Record all items checked. Group them in a list for the positive results and for the negatives
combined with the reason for complaints.

Items with positive check Items with negative check

?
1. Item Complaint

2. 1. 1.

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3. Maritime English 2. 2.

4. 3. 3.
3. General Alarm

Vocabulary: Emergency equipment; Communication skill: Speaking

a. Read and translate these General Alarm instructions

( 7 short + 1 Long)

1. The General Alarm is sounded in case of emergency which may necessitate leaving the ship.
Be alert to instructions over the loudspeaker and from the crew.
2. Follow the escape route signs to the muster station.
Put on your outdoor clothes. Go to the Muster Station. Escape routes are clearly marked.
Do not use the elevators
Leave your luggage behind
In case of smoke: Proceed on all fours.

3. Follow the crew’s instructions at all times.

In case of a General Alarm, each member has a specific task. Staff whose job is to guide passengers
will be wearing a green jacket.

4. Life jackets
Life jackets are available at the Muster Station. They will be distributed by the crew.

In case of emergency: Stay calm!

b. Read loudly these words

Life raft First Aid Station Evacuation Ladder Emergency telephone

Fire hose Life Jacket Fire extinguisher Lifebuoy
Muster Station Emergency exit Escape Route Lifeboat

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c. Speak about the safety equipment on your vessel (kinds of equipment, location, conditions,
maintenance, drills etc)

4. Fire Plan

Vocabulary: Verbs to describe what happens in emergency situations

Write a text to describe these initial actions

Report – bridge: Information

sound What where person trapped smoke

Rescue Trapped in Wake up Evacuate

fire/its path

Extinguish Portable Other equipment Don’t put

extinguisher yourself at risk

Contain Close the door Shut down Remove

ventilation flammable
materials

5. Active and Passive Voice

Grammar : Passive voice ; Communication Skills: Reading

a) Study the table about Active and Passive Voice

In active voice, the subject performs / does the action expressed by the verb, that means – the
subject acts.

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The bosun controls the fire equipment.
The bosun will control the fire equipment.
The bosun can control the fire equipment
The bosun must control the fire equipment
b) Read this text carefully and underline all verbs in passive voice

Fire on board

An on board fire is a serious event. If the fire cannot be controlled, where do you go except in the water ?
The fire triangle consist of fuel, oxygen and heat. All three must be present to start a fire and the removal
of any single one can extinguish a fire.

Fuel, such as gasoline and propane, can be very dangerous if precaution are not taken. The fumes of
these fuels are heavier than air and tent to collect in the cabin, bilge and other lower areas of the boat.
Because they naturally are surrounded by oxygen all that is necessary to start a fire is heat. This could
come from something as simple as a spark from an ignition component. All you did was turn the key to
start the engine.

You should read and understand the instructions on your fire extinguishers. If a fire starts you should be
prepared and not hesitate. Grab the fire extinguisher, activate it, and direct it at the base of the flames
using short bursts and sweeping it from side to side.

c). Form these sentences in passive voice!

Object/person Verb Agent

The alarm Can + sounded Any crew member
The cooking surface Will + cleaned Cook

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 Lifejackets Distribute Crew
Engine Stop Chief engineer
Escape route Mark, clearly -
Fire doors Must + closed -
Fire fighting team Instruct Bosun
Instructions of the crew Must + follow Passengers
Location of muster station Indicate Arrows
VTS inform Captain

6. You must not forget the following

Grammar: must/must not

If you hear the fire and emergency signal – what are your reactions?
a. First put the actions into the must and must not boxes and fill in the persons concerned with the
actions. Then report on the obligations and prohibitions of different people on board in case of fire or
any emergency.
b. Decide whether the actions are meant for your crew members (mark C), officers (indicate O) or
passengers (mark P).
c. Fill in the table below the persons concerned with the actions. Then report on the obligations and
prohibitions of different people on board in case of fire or any emergency.

1. Close all watertight doors

2. Instruct the fire fighting team
3. Get your lifejacket
4. Discuss the instructions of the crew
5. Go to your muster station
6. Stay in the cabin
7. Inform the captain on the progress of the evacuation
8. Use open flames
9. Enter the prohibited area
10. Get fire fighting equipment ready
11. Close fire doors
12. Waste time when entering the lifeboats
13. Go back to the cabin to collect your personal belonging
14. Stop all fans and ventilating systems
15. Take appropriate actions
16. Panic

Must Persons Must not Persons

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 concerned concerned

7. Types of Fire

Communication skills: Reading; Grammar: Imperatives

a. Read about the different types of fire.

Fire extinguishers are a very important safety item. There are numerous types and sizes of extinguishers,
they are classified by letters and numbers according to the class and size fire they can put out. The letter
(A, B, C, or D) indicates the class of fire. The number is a measure of the capacity of the extinguisher –
the larger the number the greater the capacity to put out a fire.

As the numbers are concerned, so for Class A fires this rating is expressed as a number from 1 to 40 and
from 1 to 640 for Class B fires. This rating will appear on the label – 10A, for example. No number
accompanies an extinguisher’s Class C rating. The C on the label indicates only that the extinguisher is
safe to use on electrical fires.

Extinguishers for Class D fires must match the type of metal that is burning. These extinguishers do not
use numerical ratings. Extinguishers for Class D fires are labeled with a list detailing the metals that
match the unit’s extinguishing agent.

Fire Types

Class A fires involve solid materials of an organic nature such as

wood, paper, cloth, rubber and plastics that do not melt

“A” is for combustible solids like woods

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 Class B fires involves liquids. They include petrol, diesel, thinners, oils,
paints, wax, cooking fat and plastics that melt.

“B” is for flammable liquids or gases

Class C fires involve electricity

“C” is for electrical fire

Class D fires involve flammable metals such as magnesium, aluminium,

titanium, sodium and potassium.

“D” is for combustible metals like magnesium

b. Read these instructions and indicate with A, B, C or D which instruction goes with the type of fire

Instruction Type of Fire

1. Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment while it’s hot

2. Place oily rags in covered containers.
3. Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings.
4. (Pure metals such as potassium and sodium react violently with
water and some other chemicals.) Handle them with care.
5. Prevent motors from overheating
6. Keep storage and working areas free of trash
7. (White phosphorus is air-reactive and will burn/explode on contact
with room air.) Keep them in a sealed container with a non-reactive
solution to prevent contact with air.
8. Don’t misuse fuses
9. Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas
10. Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells
strange.
11. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.

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8. Abandoning Ship
c. Read these procedures for Abandoning Ship and cross out those which don’t make sense in this
context.

1. Phone your family at home.

2. Put on all available waterproof clothing, including gloves and lifejacket.
3. Complete your fire alarm drill.
4. Collect survival kit.
5. Note present position.
6. Send out MAYDAY message.
7. Launch life raft attached to ship.
8. Try to enter life raft directly from the ship (if impossible, use minimal swimming effort to get on
board)
9. Try to save as much as possible from your personal belonging.
10. Do not forget the EPIRB ( Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon ).
11. Get a safe distance from the sinking vessel.
12. Collect all available flotsam. The most unlikely articles can be adapted for use under survival
condition.
13. Keep warm by huddling bodies together. Keep dry, especially your feet.
14. Stream a sea anchor.
15. Make sure that you have enough light for reading.
16. Arrange lookout watches.
17. Use flares only on skipper’s orders when there is a real chance of them being seen.
18. Arrange for collecting rainwater. Ration water to maximum one-half quart per person per day,
issued in small portion.
19. Do not drink seawater.
20. Only eat sweet from survival rations.

b. Take 5 of those rules for Abandoning Ship and discuss with your partner:

- What each rule means in detail.

- What you have to take into consideration.
- What the reasons for it is and
- What might be the consequences if not following this rule.

9. Survival at sea

Grammar: passive voice, vocabulary in emergency situations

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a. Read this text about immersion suits and underline all verb forms in passive!

Immersion suits help to reduce the loss of body heat and shock on entering cold water. Immersion suits are
very important life saving appliances. The suit covers the wearer’s body with the exception of the face, and
should be worn over warm clothing. Immersion suits which are used on many ships have an inflatable
supporting collar. The vessel carries enough immersion suits for everyone. They will be handed to the crew
if necessary. The suit’s use must be demonstrated to all crew members. Immersion suits always must be
used with approved life jackets.

b. Change these sentences into passive voice.

1. The officer has ordered the crews.

2. Our ships carry oil from the Middle East.
3. The cadet cleans the engine room every morning.
4. Marine Shipyard has built a new tugboat
5. The Oiler had reported the accident in the engine room before the Captain asked.
6. He opened the bunker manifold ten minutes ago.
7. The electrician has installed electric equipments.

10. The Loss of the Titanic

The great ship, “Titanic”, sailed to New York from Southampton on April 10 th, 1912. She was carrying
1316 passengers and 891 crews. Even by modern standards, the 46, 000 ton “Titanic” was a colossal
ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded
as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would
still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on
her first voyage with a very heavy loss of life.

Four days after setting out while the “Titanic” was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic at
night, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship
turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The “Titanic” turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense
wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling

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sound from below, and the Captain sent crew down below to see what had happened. The noise had
been so faint that no one thought that ship hadbeen damaged.

Reports from below indicated that five of the ship’s sixteen watertight compartments had already been
flooded. The Captain realized to this horror that the “Titanic” was sinking rapidly. The order to abandon
ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there was not enough lifeboat
capacity for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.

Answer these questions!

1. What is the title of this passage?

_________________________________________________________________

2. What is the name of the vessel?

_________________________________________________________________

3. Where did she sail from?

_________________________________________________________________

4. What was her destination?

_________________________________________________________________

5. When did she leave Southampton?

_________________________________________________________________

6. How many passengers was she carrying?

_________________________________________________________________

7. How many crews does she have?

_________________________________________________________________

8. “Titanic” was a glorious ship, what was her tonnage?

_________________________________________________________________

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9. Was she the largest ship that had ever been built at that time?
_________________________________________________________________

10. How many watertight compartments did she have?

_________________________________________________________________

11. When the “Titanic” sank, was it her third, second or maiden voyage?
_________________________________________________________________

12. Where did she get the accident?

_________________________________________________________________

13. How much of the iceberg was out of the water?

_________________________________________________________________

14. Why did no one think that the ship had been damaged?
_________________________________________________________________

15. Were there enough lifeboats for everybody?

_________________________________________________________________

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