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1. Regionalism- An Introduction .................................................................................................... 2
A region is a homogenous area which is culturally and physically distinct from the neighbouring
areas. In a region, people are aware of their similarities, however distinct they may be from
others. Based on this idea, they develop an identity. And based on this identity, they start
professing their political loyalties towards the region rather than to the state or the nation to
which they belong.
Regionalism is rooted in India's diversity w.r.t. (with respect to) caste, religion, language, class
etc. When all these factors get geographically concentrated, along with the feeling of relative
deprivation (i.e. a feeling that their community is not able to have access or benefit from such
access to the resources of the land), it is referred to as regionalism.
So, regionalism can be defined as a phenomenon in which people’s political loyalties become
focused upon a region. In other words, it implies people’s love for a particular region in
preference to the country and in certain cases in preference to the state of which the region is
a part. Thus the phenomenon of regionalism is centered around the concept of region.
Regionalism often poses a question with respect to the role played by Indian federalism in
ensuring India’s unity, stability and survival as a polity. Persistent regionalism, sometimes
coming on the verge of separation, is rooted in manifold and complex cultural, economic,
geographical issues as have been discussed before. The question around the role of Federalism
in India assumes special significance when looked from the historical examples of Balkanisation
of several large states in the past. For instance, the disintegration of the multi-ethnic and multi-
national Soviet Union, and the split up of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are some examples.
The need for federalism becomes all the more important in countries with ethnically distinct
regions where the territorial accommodation of distinct groups of people is of paramount
importance. Such countries may utilise a combination of shared rule (analogous to a Union
Government) and some kind of self-rule (for regional/local governance) to maintain unity and
integrity.
India’s rich diversity sometimes looks like an obstacle to unity. But time and again, by remaining
committed to democracy, India has proved its capability in terms of resolving differences
peacefully and democratically, thereby transforming its diversity into a source of strength.
However, a few suggestive measures can still be followed to further strengthen the same:
• Doing away with regional imbalance
• Check on regional political parties
• Top priority to the economic development of deprived zones
• Restructuring of the society
• Acculturation
• Developed means of transport and communication
• Proper education
• Create enough growth and employment opportunities
• Special attention to backward states
• Improve National Integration
3. The roots of regionalism in India lie not only in the diversity of languages, cultures,
tribes and religions, but also in the sense of regional deprivation. Explain.
Approach:
• Explain the concept of regionalism.
• State the causes of regional deprivation.
• Link the roots of regionalism to regional deprivation. Explain with examples.
• Then give a way forward.
Answer:
Regionalism is the expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined
with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity
and shape collective action within a geographical region.
Regionalism in India is rooted in its manifold diversity of languages, cultures, tribes,
religions, communities, etc. It originates from the feeling of regional concentration,
which can often be fuelled by a sense of regional deprivation.
• Uneven development, marginalization, continued poverty, apathy of concerned
authorities, apparent rich-poor divide were some of the main factors that led to the
Naxalite Movement in India. The Naxalites are primarily active in relatively
backward states such as West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha.
• Similarly, states in the North- East have witnessed secessionist tendencies and
violent outbursts as there is regional imbalance in matters of industrial, agricultural
and above all, economic development. Lack of employment opportunities and
industrial initiatives remain persistent problems.