Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Scan 0004

    Uploaded by

    shahzad32552372
    18 views32 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    18 views32 pages

    Scan 0004

    Uploaded by

    shahzad32552372

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 32
    Air Conditioners PALM GUIDE for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration ZAMIL AIR CONDITIONERS ‘A.Unit of Zarll Induririal investment Company ( A Joint stack company) CF 2050004215 P.O. BOX 14440 - DAMMAM 37424 - SAUDI ARABIA TEL.: (966 3) 8473333, Fax ; (966 3) 8471904 Section 1: Air Handling & Ductwork Sit TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction Air Friction Velocity vs. Velocity Pressure. Design Velocities; Louver Sizing Fan Laws Steel Sheet Thickness Steel Angle Weights . Psychrometric Chart Moist Air Data Steam Tabie Sectlon 2: Water & Steam —_ Introduction .. a Pipe Sizing-Water Flow-Steel_ Pump Affinity Laws . Pump Curves, 1750.rpm, and Suction .............. Pump Curves, 3500 rpm, end Suction .. Pump Curves, 1750 rpm, split ends .. canta Pipe Sizing-Steam_Low Pressure ..........0.000 Pipe Sizing-Steam_Medium Pressure ........... aos tesnescen Pipe Sizing-Steam-High Pressure .. soe Pipe Sizing-Steam—Relurn Mains soe General Information on ‘Water ... Mass Flow & Specific Heat of Water ... Freezing Point of Glycals Sizing Formulas ... 2B on 30 31 Volume of Cylindrical Tanks .... Quantities for Depths of Cylindrical Tanks ... Volume of Water in Pipe & & Tate ... Hot Water Demand per Fixture Unit Steel Pipe Data Copper Tube Data ... Applicable Standards for Firtings & Valves . te Application of Pipe Fittings, & Valves ... Thermal Expansion of Metal Pipty eer roenen Section 3: Refrigeration. A MLO GUCtIO Ds rsceecpene perce scscssseeneree Refrigerant Property Tables-R-22 ..... Refrigerant Property Tadles-R-13da ..... Refrigerant Line Sizing - R-22.. Refrigerant Suction Line Sizing- R22 ee BD Refrigerant Hot Gas Riser Sizing-R-22 . a Refrigerant Line Sizing - ReFVF - 62-65 Sectlon 4: HVAC Load ees Introduction .... Typicat Thermal Properties of Building & Insulating Materials .............0 afl Comparison of Underground Insulations .. soc EA Maximom RH for No Con - densation on Windows ... Heat Gain from People .... Heat Gain From Office & Restaurant Equipment .... Heat Gain from Hospital Equipment ... Heat Gain from Motors . Ventilation Rate data . Toformation on Weather Data .......... Cooling Load Check Values .....88 - 89 ete... Full-Load Amperes for Motors Allowable Current for Copper Wite wu. Useful Electrical Formulas 0, po Pose Section 6: Owndltig 4nd Operating Inreductien .... Equipment Service Life . Trouble Shooting Pumps Typical Inspection & Maintenance Schedule (Cooling Towers) ... Section 7: General QD Linroduction .. Conversion Factor: Basic Air-Conditioning Formulas -.. eeseeeee Temperatore/Altimde Correction: Total Heat Content of Air Typical Sound Pressure Levels... Indoor Design Goals for Sound Coatrol .. Vibration Isclator Selection Guide ... 2 lL- 112 Section 1 This section contains data for rapid reference on psychrometrics, air handling, and ductwork. For more in-depth discussion and data, the following sources are suggested: Psychrometrics: 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Chapter 6, Psychrometrics ASHRAE Brochure on Psychrometry Fans: 1996 ASHRAE HVAC Systems & Equipment Handbook, Chapter 18, Fans Ductwork: 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Chapter 32, Duct Design 1996 ASHRAE HVAC Systems & Equipment Handbook, Chapter 16, Duct Construction iT? PJ lif ted / fA AT ARSY OPS TOR EY CAV | PLA APA tp PMV ILS ies Ms 500 200 AIR QUANTITY, cfm at 0.075 [byt Friction Chart 100 PEL PAO Ww a, 009, PATA H OOLvalEM JO “Ul 'SSO7 NOILOIWS / Mas % 10.060 AIR QUANTITY, cfm at 0.075 (bit? 5000 2000 1000 Friction Chart FRICTION LOSS, in. of water/100 ft 20,006 50,000 100,000 400,000 AIR QUANTITY, cfm at 0.075 lnt3 Friction Chact P, = ¢w/angsy 1300 1700 1800 2000 2200 2400 2500 2600 2800 3200 3400 3500 3600 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.39 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.64 0.72 0.76 O81 Typical Design Velocities for HYAC Components Duct Element Face Velocity, fpm LOUVERS. Intake: 7000 cfm and greater 400 Less than 7000 cfm See Fig. 11 Exhaust: 5000 cfm and greater 500 Less than 5000 cfm See Fig, 11 FILTERS Panel Filters : Viscous Impingement 200 to 800. Dry-Type, Extended-Surface: Low velocity 350 High velocity 500 Bag filters 250 HEPA 250 Renewable Media Filters : Moving -Curtain Viscous Impingement 506 Moving-Curtain Dry-Media 200 Electronic Air Cleaners : Tonizing Type 150 to 350 HEATING COILS Steam and Hot Water 300 Electric: Open Wire. Refer to mfg.data Finned Tubular Refer to mfg.data DEHUMIDIFYING COILS 450 - 550 AIR WASHERS Spray Type 300 ro 600 Cell-Type Refer to mfg. data High- Velocity, Spray-Type 1200 ta 1800 10 EXHAUST FACE AREA, ff PERLOUVER L | | 0 2 4 6 & 10 12 4 16 18 620 AIR FLOW X 10°. cfm PER LOUVEA Fig. 11 Criteria for Louver Sizing Table 8 Pertinent Parameters Used in Establishing Figure 11 Parameter Intake Louver Exhaust Louver Minimum Free Area (48-in. Square Test Section), % 45 4S ‘Water Penetration, oz(ft?- 0.25 h) Negligible = Not Applicable (less than 0,2) Maxiraum Static Pressure Drop, in. of water 0.15 0.25 af] Fan Laws" For Al Fan Laws i, 1,00 ( Pé of Rigo, = (Pt, of Big), No. Dependent Independent Variables ‘Variables la Q=Q2 “(Bi)s ie x1 ib press. = press., «Ge yx (* ny x z Ic | WW, «(Bey CRY xa 2a @,=@, «(BLY x (ye @ (2 ya 2 NEN, (Bx ey" x(2ye 2c WW, x (BL) x Cay” 3a NEA, (Bye & x1 3b Press.,=Press.. x ( By x¢ ay x2 { e wew BCR : °The subscript | denotes that the variable is for the fan under consideration. OThe subscript 2 denotes that the variable is for the tested fan. P yor Py ! Unless otherwise idencified, fan performance data are 5 based on dry air at standard conditions 14.696 psi and 70 § F (0.075 Ibm/ft*). In actual applications, the fan may be re- ; quired to handle air or gas at some other density. The change in density may be because of temperature, composition of | the gas, or altitude. As indicated by the Fan Laws, the fan i performance is affected by gas density. With constant size r and speed, the horsepower and pressure varies directly as the ¥ ratio of gas density to the standard air density. 12 The application of the Fan Laws for a change in fan speed, N,for a specific size fan is shown. The computed P, curve is derived from the base curve. For example, point E(N, = 650) is computed from point D(N, = 600) as follows: AtD, Q, =6 and P,, = 450 Using Fan Law la at point E Q, =6 x 650/600 = 6,5 Using Fan Law 1b P,, = 450 x (650/600)? = 530 The completed P,,, N = 650 curve thus may be generated by computing additional points from data on the base curve. such as point G from point F df equivalent points of rating are joined, as shown by the dotted lines, these points will all lie on parabolas which are defined by the relationship expressed in Eq 1 600 COMPUTED o@ 2 3 ty 3S BASE Ptr CURVE (M = 600) TOTAL PRESSURE, Pig Pa {Pip IN. OF WATER, 8 2 4 6 a 10 12 VOLUME FLOW RATE, Q, cfm x 1000 {Lis x 1000) 13 Galvanized Sheet Thickness Nominal Thickness, in. Weight, Gauge Nominal Minimum ibyet? 30 0.0157 00127 0.656 28 0.0187 O.01s? 0.781 26 0.0217 0.0187 0.906 24 0.0276, 0.0236 1.156 22 0.0336 0.0296 1.406 wn 0.0396 0.0356 1.656 18 0.0516 0.0466. 2.156 16 0.0635 0.0575 2.656 14 0.0785 0.0705 3.281 13 0.0934 0.0854. 3.906 12 9.1084 0.0994 4.531 ll 0.1233 0.1143 5.156 10 0.1382 0.1292 S781 Neves: , 1. Minimum thickness is based on thickness tolerances of hot-dip galvanized sheets I in cut lenghts and coils (per ASTM Standard A525). Tolerance is valid for 48-in and 60-in, wide sheets), 2. Galvanized sheet gange. 2 Uncoated Steel Sheet Thickness Thickness, Nominal . Minimum Weight, Gauge Nominal Hot-Rolled Cold-Rolled bt? “ 28 0.0149 0.0129 0.625 26 0.0179 . 9.0159 0.750 4 0.0239 0.0209 1.000 22 9.0299 0.0269 1.250 20 0.0359 0.0329 1.500 IB 0.0478 0.0428 0.0438 2.000 16 0.0598 0.0538 0.0548 2.500 14 0.0747 0.0677 0.0697 3.125 Wy O.0897 0.0827 0.0847 3.730 12 0.1046 0.0966. 0.0986 4575 ra 0.1196 O16 0.1136 5,000 10 0.1345 0.1265 0.1285 5.625 Nates. 1, Minimum thickness is based on thickness telerances of hot-rolled and cold- tolled sheets in cut lengths and coils (per ASTM Standards A 366, AS6B, and A569), 2 Table is based on 48-in. width coil and sheet stock, Sixty-in. coil bas same tolerance, except iat 16-gauge is + 0.007 in. in bot-rolled coils and sheets. 3, Manufacturers standard gange, 14 a Stainless Steei Sheet Thickness lominal Weight, Ib/ft? Thickness, in. Stainless Steel Gauge Nominal Minimum 300 Series —_400 Series 28 0.015] 0.0135 0,634 0.622 26. 0.0178 0.0148 0.748 9,733 24 0.0235 0.0205 0.987 0.968 22 0.0293 0.0253 1.231 1.207 20 0.0355 0.0315 1.491 1463 18 0.0480 0.0430 2.016 1978 16 0.0595 0.0535 2.499 2.451 id 0.0751 0.0681 3.154 3.094 13 0.0900, 0.0820 3.780 3.708 12 ‘0.1054 0.0964 4.427 4,342 ul 0.1200 0.1 100 5,040 4944 10 0.1350 O.NZ3O 5.670 5.562 Notes: 1. Minimum thickness is based on thickness tolerances of hat-rolled sheets in cut Tenghts and cold-rolled sheets in cut lengtis and coils (per ASTM standard A480). 2. Stainless uhect gauge hay na standard eominal bickness among manufacturers, Steel Angle Weights (Approximate) Angle Size, in. Weight, Ibéft 34 x 3M x18 1x 1x 0.0466 (min) 1x 1 x 0.0575 (min) Ixlxl8 11/4 1 1/4 x 0.0466 (min} UM4x 1 1/45 0.0575 (min) 14x 1 Wd x 0.0854 (min 1iM4x 1] 4x 8 1/2 5 1 1/2 x 0.0575 (min) TL2x1 12x 18 112x112 x 3/16 TM2x 1 25 14 2 x2 x 0.0575 (min) 2x2 ale Zx2aUio 2x2 x Lid 221212 x36 212 1212 x 14 15 0.59 036 6.44 0.80 0.45 0.55 0.65 101 0.66 1.23 5,80 2.34 0.89 1.65 244 3.19 3.07 4.10 Psychrometric Chart Fe Of as | BALAN AY iat LENT V4 al a f | A UO Re MOISTURE AND Alf BELATIONSHIPS* ASHRAE has adopted pounds of moisture per pound of dry air as standard nomenclature. Aelations of other units are expressed below at various dewpoint temperatures. Equiv. LbH0/ Parts per Grains / Percent Dew Pt. F lb dry air million Ib dry air? Moisture %? — 100 9,000004 1 0.0007 - - 80 0.000002 2 60,0016 _ - & 0.000005 5 0,0035 - - 70 0.00001 10 0.073 0.06 - 60 0.00002 21 0.148 0.13 ~ §0 0.00004 a2 0,291 0.26 - 40 0.00008 78 6.585 os - 30 0.00015 146 1.02 og - 20 0.00026 263 1.84 17 - 10 0.00046 481 3.22 29 0 0.0008 7B? 5.51 5.0 10 0.0013 1315 9.20 a9 20 0.0022 2152 15.1 13.6 30 0.0042 3154 24.2 21.4 40 0.0052 5213 5 33.0 50 0.0077 7 658 53.6 48.4 60 0.0111 11 080 Tre 70.2 70 0.0158 15 B20 110.7 100.0 BO 0.0223 22 330 166.93 - 80 0.0912 at 180 218.9 - 100 09,0432 43.190 302.3 - @ 7000 grains =1 Ib b Compared to 70 F saturated. Normally tha sansibla heat facter determines the Cfm required to accept a load. In some industrial applications the latent heat factor may contrel the air circulation rate. Latent heat, Btu/h Thus Ci = aa OW, -W) X 4840 * NUMBERS, 1985, Altadena, GA, by Bill Holladay and Cy Otterhotm, 17 PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM" Pressure p 0.25 in. Hg 0.60 1.90 2.00 70 90 100 120 140 165 Temp, °F t 40.34 $8.80 79.03 101.14 126,08 141.48 162.97 162.24 170.06 176.85 182.86 188,28. 193.21 201,96 209,56 212.00 227,96 250.33 267.25 281.01 292.71 302,92, 312.03 920.27 327.81 341.25 353.02 363.53 373.06 381.79 *Abridged from " Thermodynamic Properties of Steam" by Keenan and Kayes, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. N. Y. “NUMBERS, 1985, Atadena,, CA, by Bill Holladay and Cy Ottarholm. 18 Spec vol, eee. Btu/lb 5 ft/lb Vapor at a Sat water tion steam a h, Nig Ny 2423.7 B28 1071.1 1079.4 1256.4 26.86 1060.6 1087.5 652.3 47.05 1049.2 1096.3 339.2 69.10 1036.6 1105.7 173.7 93.99 1022.2 1116.2 118.7 109,37 1043.2 1122.6 30.63 120.86 1006.4 1127.3 73.58 430,13 4001.0 Wa 61.98 137.94 996.2 Wade 53.64 144,76 992.1 1136.9 47.34 150.78 988.5 4139.3 42.40 156.22 985.2 1141.4 38.42 164.17 982.1 1143.3, 32.40 169,96 976.6 1146.6 28.04 177.61 971.0 1148.5 26.80 180.07 970.3 1150.4 20.08 196.16 960.1 1156.3 13.75 218.82 $45.9 1164.1 10.56 236.03 933.7 1169.7 8.515| 250.00 924.0 1174.1 7.175 | 262.09 915.5 W776 6.206] 272.61 907.9 1186.6 §.472] 282.02 901.1 1183.4 4.896) 290.56 894.7 1185.3, 4.432) 208.40 886.8 1187.2 3.728) 312.44 877.9 1190.4 3.220) 924.82 868.2 4193.0 2.834) 336.93 859.2 1195.1 2.532) 346.03 850.8 1196.9 22 355.56 843.0 1198.4 po 7 nee nn nnn nnn nen nnn ene nee eee eee ne een eee en eee eee eee eee nnn gaan ee ene ER : : Section 2 This section contains data for rapid reference on water and steam, including pumps and piping. For more in-depth discussion and data, the following sources are suggested: Water Systems: Steam Systerns : Piping : 1996 ASHRAE Equipment Handbook, Chapter 38, Pumps 1996 ASHRAE HVAC Systems & Equipment Handbook, Chapter 11,District Heating & Cooling Chapter 12, Hydronic Heating & Cooling Systems Design Chapter14, Medium & High-Temp. Water Heating Systems Chapter 54, Service Water Heating 1996 ASHRAE HVAC Systems & Equipment Handbook, Chapter 10, Steam Heating Systems 1996 ASHRAE Equipments Handbook, Chapter 40, Pipes, Tubes, & Fittings 19 wr conmuc suet Pp enemy Friction Loss for Water in Commercial Steel Pipe (Schedule 40) 3 3 8 5 + Hi Eqe SEease soeetS i elie" ! 2 L 3 ‘ Vee 8 re, ae + +t Oy. {~. Ley = & g ‘3 = Org t 28 & z = © Be 13 S) es x cay tog 4 ud aa 1 & 2 8 s ? ie a < S 7 yy eng. 4 ss SG a 5 . te rs) t [+e & a cy “1 = } 1} o a Ps ie Be .o ve & ae ” BA & : ae TAH ey & Y ney - 2 os ors + NS wn an @ 2 HEAD LOSS, FT/IOO FT 20 Friction Loss tor Water in Copper Tubing (Types K, L, M} JALANIN Y3d SNOTTV9 “SN “Wd9 QOOE 0002 —_OON GOR GON COP OO G0Z ong 09 OvOL OZ ge. 9 AL ie FS ye Dae Sa a “TTT TI. TTY ro a Oe FT FT AIOO HEAD LOSS et Friction Loss for Water in Plastic Pipe (Schedule 80) 3LANIN Yad SNO11¥V9 *S"0 ‘Wd9 OOOS HOF O00. CON ONO HOR OE O02 = 0008 OF ORE O2 ag39 rk 2 oOo Wa ar r; e oF Pgs h. o a SUS id MACH arAN | Oo “709 at by 8 oF ~ 3 4 in i gu ‘ yu yee va) ane) 8 OF a o> sy t id

    You might also like