Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DETAILED PROPOSAL
A. BASIC INFORMATION
Project Staff
Name and Signature : MARY JANE D. TEPORA, Ph.D.
Designation : Assistant Professor
Institution : Cavite State University
Address : Indang, Cavite
Telephone Number (s) : 0918 9070781
Fax Number : (046) 415-0010
3. Implementing Agency
3.1. Lead Agency : Cavite State University (CvSU)
3.2. Collaborating Agency(s) : University of the Philippines Los Baňos (UPLB)
B. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
1. Rationale
Coffee is one of the most important commodities of the Philippines. It has long been the most
popular drink among the Filipinos. They normally drink coffee to accompany their meals and snacks.
Today, Filipinos prefer freshly brewed coffee in special blends and in a variety of flavors and
concoctions (Business World, 1998). Before one can drink a cup of quality coffee, it has to undergo
several important processes, one of which is roasting.
Roasting is one of the post harvest processes employed to increase the life span and quality of
the product. Coffee beans are roasted at temperatures ranging from 200 0C – 2500C (Mojica, 2005).
The type of roasting equipment, crop variety, desired flavor characteristics and product specifications
are some of the factors that dictate roasting time and temperature.
The unavailability of coffee post harvest equipment suited for small-scale processing
hampered the development of coffee roasting industry in the Philippines. The country’s coffee
processing industry is dominated by big companies like Nestle, Universal Robina Corporation, Kraft
Foods and Gourmet who carried out roasting and other value adding processes. Farm Level coffee
processing is not seen due to lack of available coffee roasting equipment that can be readily used by
farmers and other stakeholders who want to engage in coffee roasting business. Torres (2001), in his
study, indicated that there are only four roasters available in Southern Tagalog Region where coffee is
considered abundant. Out of the four roasters available, three were considered medium-scale roasters
(136.06 – 907.18 kg/hr capacity). Further, records of the Department of Agriculture (Municipal
Agricultural Profile, 2009) show that the only available processing machine for coffee is coffee
pulper/miller. This confirms that the level of mechanization for coffee is very low and should be
improved.
The development of microcontroller-based roasting machine for coffee could provide income
generating opportunities to small-scale farmers as well as coffee processors. If value adding activities
can be done at the farmers level through the use of the developed roasting machine, small coffee
farmers can benefit in terms of the additional income that could be generated. Additional services
performed on the fresh coffee can result to higher values or prices received by the coffee farmer-
processors. The coffee farmers can roast their own coffee either individually or thru the cooperative
and sell their processed coffee at a better price rather than selling the raw coffee. Farmers can then
demand better price for their product. Specifically, roasting coffee alone results to higher value
addition. Around 50% of the value added from fresh coffee to roasted coffee is accounted for by
coffee roasting alone (Mojica, et.al., 2010). Moreover, the value addition from coffee processing can
augment the stakeholders’ income for further improvement of their socio-economic conditions.
Coffee offers a very strong potential and hence, jointly and with synergy, efforts have been
done to revitalize the ailing industry. This project will attempt to address the insufficiency in coffee
processing industry. By venturing and promoting the new technology on coffee roasting machine for
village-level operation, the Filipino coffee farmers could be at par with their counterparts in the
developed world. Moreover, the technology could contribute toward the mechanization of agriculture
and fishery sectors through generation of cutting-edge mechanical technologies.
2. Objectives
DOCUMENT NO.: BAR/QSF-A.01.02 REVISION DATE:
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DATE:
The project generally aims to promote the developed technology on roasting machine for
commercial coffee processing.
1. fabricate, demonstrate, pilot test and evaluate the field performance of the coffee roaster;
2. evaluate the technical performance of the machine;
3. assess/evaluate the social acceptability of the machine;
4. assess the economic benefits of the machine on a commercial operation;
5. develop information, education and communication (IEC) materials of the developed
machine; and
6. facilitate intellectual property application for the developed machine.
3. Review of Literature
Production
The Philippines lies in a narrow area in the world called the coffee belt making it one of the
few countries that can grow four varieties of coffee: Arabica, Excelsa, Liberica and Robusta.
In 2008, the average composite farmgate price of coffee (all varieties) was P63.69/kg ($1.43),
up nearly 15 percent from the previous year. In 2008, Robusta coffee prices increased by as much
as 19 percent, while Arabica farmgate prices dropped 5 percent, from 2007 prices. The continued
improvement in farmgate prices of coffee in 2008 will likely slowdown the shift to other high-value
and low-maintenance crops and/or likely encourage more coffee production. In comparison,
average farmgate prices of bananas increased by about 11 percent from P7.79/kg ($0.17) in 2007 to
DOCUMENT NO.: BAR/QSF-A.01.02 REVISION DATE:
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P8.67/kg ($ 0.19) in 2008; while rubber farmgate prices dropped by almost 9 percent from
P42.72/kg ($0.93) in 2007 to P39.01/kg ($0.88) in 2008.
2007 2008
January 54.99 62.28
February 58.35 68.94
March 60.72 76.07
April 63.01 69.54
May 63.39 70.4
June 57.92 71.86
July 52.67 65.2
August 51.86 67.2
September 54.47 66.62
October 54.52 64.32
November 56.61 66.11
December 56.87 67.03
Average 57.12 67.96
Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
Consumption
Despite the food and fuel crisis followed by the start of the global recession last year,
Philippine GDP growth still managed to grow by 4.6 percent, slower compared to the 7.2 percent
expansion in 2007. Remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) continued to be the bright
spot of Philippine GDP reaching an estimated $17 billion last year. Local economists agree that
OFW remittances have helped shield the Philippines from effects of the global economic meltdown
in 2008. GRP planners predict the ill effects of the global crisis to be more pronounced in 2009 and
expect OFW remittances to decline during the year.
Coffee is generally considered to be a household staple even among the lower economic
classes. At present, soluble or instant coffee accounts for about 90 percent of all the coffee
consumed in the Philippines. Domestic coffee consumption is estimated to remain relatively flat
due to a predicted slowdown in overall food and beverage consumption, as well some shifting to
other beverage substitutes such as teas by other consumers.
Trade
Trade data from the Philippine National Statistics Office show that imports of coffee beans
dropped to 15,700 MT 2008 from nearly 23,000 MT in 2007. Imports are sourced largely from
neighboring Asian countries such as Vietnam (53 percent); Indonesia (43 percent) and others. It is
likely that not all coffee imports are always accurately captured by the official government data due
to the reported robust informal trade between Indonesia and the southern island of Mindanao, where
majority of the coffee plantations are located and coffee manufacturers are operating. Imports of
soluble coffee and coffee concentrates increased by more 300 percent, from 5,532 MT in 2007 to
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13,906 MT in 2008, likely to compensate for the drop in coffee bean imports. Without significant
increases in coffee production and with continued growth in domestic coffee consumption, imports
of coffee bean or soluble coffee will likely remain high at estimated nearly 40 percent of total
annual domestic requirement.
Exports of instant soluble coffee declined significantly from 1,500 MT in 2007 to just under
300 MT last year. Majority of the soluble coffee exported went to Thailand and South Korea. On
the other hand, exports of coffee beans increased from 132 MT to nearly 1,165 MT, mostly to
South Korea.
Marketing
According to Euromonitor, specialty coffee shops in the Philippines are expected to continue
growing in coming years. specialty coffee shops grew in terms of number of outlets, transactions
and value sales. With Starbucks gaining more popularity and other specialty coffee shops following
suit, more such outlets are likely to appear. The strong growth is mainly attributed to good
consumer demand, as coffee drinking has become a very popular social activity. Increasingly,
Filipino consumers are settling for a good coffee instead of alcohol on a night out. Coffee shops
have become a status symbol for younger consumers. Working people find these specialty coffee
shops to be convenient places for afternoon business meetings. With the growing popularity of
coffee drinking in the country, Filipinos have started to be more discriminating in their preferences
for coffee, according to Euromonitor.
In the Philippines, multinational chains dominate specialty coffee shops. Led by Starbucks,
specialty coffee shops have been enjoying robust growth since appearing in the late 1990s. Other
popular foreign franchised specialty coffee shops include Seattle’s Best, The Coffee Bean & Tea
Leaf and UCC Coffee. Figaro Coffee Company, the most popular local specialty coffee shop in the
Philippines, was actually established earlier than Starbucks in the country.
Recognizing the good growth potential for specialty coffee shops, many Filipino companies
and even growers of locally produced coffee beans have opened their own businesses. The support
of the local government and agriculture sector has also helped to rejuvenate the Philippine coffee
industry.
References:
Ang, P.A. 2009. Coffee Annual – Philippines. Global Agricultural Information Network.
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
Coffee Science Source. 2002. From Seed to Cup: Coffee Facts and Figures.
http://www.coffeescience.org./10steps.html.
Coffee Library. 2005. Coffee Roasting Operations, last adopted: May 15 2005.
http://www.baagmd.gov/permit/handbook/s1103pl.html.
The prototype machine previously designed by Mojica (2009) will be fabricated in a local
machine shop considering the following design criteria: portability and ease of operation;
availability of local materials; provision of maintaining roasting temperature, ability to measure
roasting temperature and moisture content of roast beans, and, minimal heat loss during roasting
operation.
The microcontroller circuit together with the software that will control the operation of the
machine will be fabricated. The initial step is the creation of an algorithm and a corresponding
system flowchart that indicates the step-by-step operation of the system. It will then be loaded in
the microcontroller chip through the process called “emulation”.
Green coffee beans at 12% moisture, wet basis will be used. The initial weight of green
beans, weight of roasted beans; energy consumption; and time to complete roasting operation will
be measured.
Roasting temperature and time will be set on the microcontroller. Green beans will then be
loaded into the hopper when the required temperature for each test run was reached. The roasting
process will be ended when the set time has elapsed.
Pilot testing will be done to obtain actual data on over-all machine performance and
adaptability to farmers’ field condition. Selected coffee farmers will be identified to operate the
machine during the evaluation. To familiarize them with the operation of the roaster, orientation
will be made prior to the actual field performance evaluation.
DOCUMENT NO.: BAR/QSF-A.01.02 REVISION DATE:
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DATE:
Activity 5. Conduct of Farmers’ Assessment on the Microcontroller-Based
Coffee Roasting Machine
The socio-economic impact of the technology, i.e. the roasting machine will be assessed in
terms of the benefits to the stakeholders in the coffee industry namely, the coffee farmers and the
owners/operators of the roasting machine. Farmers’ perception on the roaster and their evaluation
on the acceptability of the roaster will also be analyzed.
To determine the economic viability of the coffee roaster, investment analysis will be done.
The analysis will focus on how the benefits obtained from the technology (coffee roaster) measure
against the investment (project cost). The initial investment cost and the operating cost of using the
roaster as well as the potential income will be considered. From the data, the different profitability
measures such as annual net income, payback period, break-even point and benefit-cost ratio will
be computed. The added income arising from the adoption of the technology will also be measured
and analyzed. Moreover, factors affecting the viability of the machine will be identified.
Information, education and communication (IEC) materials such as brochures, posters, video
presentations, flyers and leaflets will be developed for distribution to farmers and other
beneficiaries of the project.
The developed machine will be applied for patent in the Intellectual Property Rights Office –
Philippines (IPO – Philippines) following the procedure stated in the Philippine Patent Law
(Procedure for Grant of Patent, Sec. 40 to 60).
WORKPLAN SCHEDULE
Starting Date: 01 October 2011 Completion Date: 30 April 2012 Duration: 18 months
Schedule of Activities
Activity Responsible
Major/Sub-Activity Anticipated Results Resources Required Year 1 Year 2 Remarks
No. Person(s)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1 Fabrication of coffee roaster Prototype coffee RMMojica Machine fabrication
roasting machine GMCastillo shop
2 Fabrication of Microcontroller RMMojica Microcontroller
microcontroller device device circuit fabrication
room
3 Preliminary testing of Preliminary data on RMMojica AMTEC Laboratory
microcontroller-based the performance of MDTepora (c/o UPLB)
coffee roaster the machine GMCastillo
4 Pilot testing of the Field data on the RMMojica Coffee-based farm
microcontroller-based performance of MDTepora
coffee roaster coffee roasting GMCastillo
machine
5 Conduct of farmers’ Farmers’ level of RMMojica Coffee-based
assessment on the acceptability on the MDTepora community
microcontroller-based developed machine GMCastillo
coffee roaster
6 Conduct of profitability Economic RMMojica
analysis of the machine profitability measures MDTepora
of the machine
7 Development of IEC IEC materials GMCastillo Computer and printer
materials MDTepora
8 Intellectual property Utility Model Patent RMMojica Intellectual Property
application MDTepora Office
Department of Agriculture
DOCUMENT NO.: BAR/QSF-A.01.02b REVISION DATE:
REVISION NO.: 00 EFFECTIVITY 09 September 2005
DATE:
Bureau of Agricultural Research
RDMIC Bldg., Elliptical Rd. Cor. Visayas Ave., Diliman, Q.C. 1104
Phone Nos.: (632) 928-8624 & 928-8505 Fax: (632) 927-5691
Email: barrdegrants@bar.gov.ph Website: http//www.bar.gov.ph
BUDGET SUMMARY
B. Honoraria
Project Leader PhP 8,800 1 18 months 25% 26,400 26,400 26,400 26,400 105,600 52,800 158,400
Project Staff PhP 6,000 1 18 months 25% 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 72,000 36,000 108,000
TOTAL 60,000
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Project Title: Technology Piloting and Commercialization of Agency: Cavite State University
Microcontroller-Based Coffee Roasting Machine (CvSU)
Proponent (s): Ruel M. Mojica/Mary Jane D. Tepora Budget Requested: PhP 960,400.00
PROJECT SUMMARY
Name of Project: Technology Piloting and Commercialization of Microcontroller-Based Coffee Roasting Machine
Institution: Cavite State University (CvSU)
Project Leader: Ruel M. Mojica
Target Date of
Objectives Activities Outputs Budget
Accomplishment
1. Fabricate, demonstrate, pilot test and Fabrication of coffee roaster Prototype machine December 2011 130,000
evaluate the field performance of the Fabrication of microcontroller Microcontroller device December 2011 80,000
coffee roaster device
2. Evaluate the technical performance of the Preliminary testing of the Preliminary data on the March 2012 20,000
machine; microcontroller-based coffee performance of the machine
roasting machine Actual field data on the
Pilot testing of the performance of the machine June 2012 40,000
microcontroller-based coffee
roasting machine
3. assess/evaluate the social acceptability of Farmers’ assessment of the Farmers’ level of June 2012 40,000
the machine microcontroller-based coffee acceptability on the
roasting machine developed machine
4. assess the economic benefits of the Conduct of profitability analysis Economic profitability August 2012 20,000
machine on a commercial operation of the machine measures of the machine
5. develop information, education and Development of IEC materials IEC materials October 2012 70,000
communication (IEC) materials of the
developed machine
6. facilitate intellectual property application Intellectual property application Utility model patent December 2012 50,000
for the developed machine certificate