A.

Concept and Theories of Leadership and Management

Great man
Theory

Theories of
Situational Trait
Nursing
Theory Theory
Leadership

Transformatio
nal
Theory
LEADERSHIP THEORIES

1. Great Man theory states that leaders are born, not made.

2. Trait theory assumes that leaders are born with traits particularly suited for leadership.

3. Situational Theory These focus on particular variable related to the environment that might determined best suited

for the situation according to these theory no leadership style is best in all situation . Situational theories propose

that leader choose the best course of action based upon situational variables

4. Transformational theory is indentified by James MacGregor Burns. According to Burns, transformational

leadership is a relationship between the leader and the follower in which they motivate each other to higher levels,

resulting in value system congruence between the leader and the follower.
B. Styles of Leadership and Management

T r a n s f o r m a ti o n a
l
L
E Leadership
A S Democratic
D T Leadership
E Y
R Laissez-Faire
S L Leadership
H E
I Autocratic
P Leadership

Servant
Leadership
LEADERSHIP STYLE

1. Transformational leadership is a management style that motivates employees to take ownership for their roles
and perform beyond expectations. Instead of assigning tasks from the top, transformational leadership teaches
people how to think rather than just do what they are told. Sometimes called quiet leaders, they lead by example.
2. Democratic leadership style welcomes and encourages input and communication from the team when making
decisions. Democratic Leader exhibits the following behaviors:
 Less control is maintained
 Economic and ego awards are used to motivate
 Others are directed through suggestions and guidance
 Communication flows up and down
 Decision making involves others
 Emphasis is on “we” rather than “I” and “you.”
 Criticism is constructive.
3. Laissez-faire leadership referred to as a “hands-off” approach. Laissez-faire Leader characterized by the
following behaviors:
 Is permissive, with little or no control
 Motivates by support when requested by the group
 Provides little or no direction
 Uses upward and downward communication between members of the group
 Disperses decision making throughout the group
 Places emphasis on the group
  Does not criticize.
4. Autocratic leadership in nursing is extremely “hands on” and includes a great deal of decision making.
Authoritarian Leader characterized by the following behaviors:
 Strong control is maintained over the work group.
 Others are motivated by coercion.
 Others are directed with commands.
 Communication flows downward.
 Decision making does not involve others.
 Emphasis is on difference in status (“I” and “you”)
 Criticism is punitive.
5. Servant leadership refers to leaders who influence and motivate others by building relationships and developing
the skills of individual team members. Coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in 1970, the term refers to leaders that are
drawn to serve first, which aspires them to lead. Servant leadership in nursing implies that a leader naturally cares
about ensuring each team member has the resources and tools they need to succeed.
C. Leadership and Management by Situation

CONCEPT OF NURSING MANAGEMENT

Management as a
Traditional Concept discipline

Management as a
Modern Concept process

Management as a
Management is for group of people
effective utilization
of resources
CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT

1. Traditional concept – Management is the art of getting things done through people. - Park Follet
Management consist of getting things done through others. A manager is one who accomplishes organizational
objectives by directing the efforts of others.
2. Modern concepts – Management not only limited to directing the efforts of others to accomplish the goals of
organization but also involves creating an environment or climate in the organization whereby the individuals are
motivated to work efficiently to achieve specific objectives of organization.
3. Management is for effective utilization of resources – Management is considered as a process of utilizing the
resources effectively in order to achieve the organizational objectives. Management entails the utilization of human
efforts and material resources towards the achievement of organizational objectives. -Richman BM
4. Management as a discipline – discipline refers to a field of study having well defined concepts and principles.
When we refer to management as a discipline, we include in the various relevant concepts and principles, the
knowledge of which aids in managing. 
5. Management as a group of people – we refer management as a group of people which we include all those
personnel who perform managerial functions in organization.
6. Management as a process – a process can simply be defined as systematic method of handling activities.
Management process can be treated as a complex one which can be referred to as an identifiable flow of
information through interrelated stages of analysis directed towards the achievement of an objectives and set of
objectives.
D. The Nurse as a Leader and Manager

LEADERSHIP VS. MANAGEMENT

Nurse Manager Nurse Leader

May or may not have official

Officially Appointed appointment to the position

Vested with power and

Vested with power and authority by
authority by the group
Organization

Implements predetermined goals, policies, Influence others towards

rules and regulations goal setting

Measures the risks to be taken in line Interested in risk taking

with the expected results and exploring new ideas

Relates to people accdg to their roles Relates to people personally

Feels rewarded when accomplishing Feels rewarded by personal

organizational missions or goals achievement
Managers as long as the May or may not be as
appointment holds successful managers