PARAMETRIC CYCLE ANALYSIS OF REAL ENGINES 405 13 171819 Fig. 7.11 Station numbering of turbofan engine. 7.4.1 Cycle Analysis ‘The assumptions for the analysis of the turbofan engine cycle with losses are as follows 1) Perfect gas upstream of main bumer with constant properties y,, Re, Cpe, ete >) Perfect gas downstream of main bumer with constant properties ¥,, R., cpr ete. ”°3) All components are adiabatic (no turbine cooling).40g) ELEMENTS OF PROPULSION 4) The efficiencies of the compressor, fan, and turbine are a through the use of (constant) polytropic efficiencies éc, ey, and e,, respectively: fi i d The steps of cycle analysis are applied to the turbofan engine and presentes Next in the order listed in Section 5.4. We will apply the steps of eycle analysis to both the fan stream and the engine core stream. 7.4.1.1 Fan stream. Steps 1-4 are as follows. Step 1: Uninstalled thrust of fan stream Fr: Fr= ve — Vo) + Aio(Pi9 — Po) Using Eq. (7.2) for the fan stream gives Ty9/To 1 = Po/P . (7.34), Visiao % Step 2: B 2 (G)-2 a Step 3: We have Miy i - | (7.368) 4-1 19, where za a z mem TY Th (7.360) 19 Step 4: We have Fie a Dis/To! Om ea) To Pas/Py* where Tee wey (137) 7 7.4.1.2 Engine core stream. Steps 1-5 are the same as for the turbojet engine cycle with losses. Step 1: Uninstalled thrust: Fe = 1 (itoVo — titcVo) + Av(Ps ~ Po) 8cPARAMETRIC CYCLE ANALYSIS OF REAL ENGINES 407 or Fe _% Vo R, To/To 1 — PolP: ] Fe ® 1a 42 — Mot + Nee (7.38) mc Be [« » ao : es Vo/40 Ye Where the fuel/air ratio for the main burner is defined as fa (7.39) me Step 2: Vo\"_ yRiTo 59 se (7.40) («:) yRTa Step 3: We have 2 1 (P\ 0D 2 =—| (2 - (7.Ala) ei [@) q where es = ze Te Ma Te MTT (7.41) Step 4: We have ey aero (7.42a) To where Ts SP = TytuTe THT = a To Pip / Pa)" pe = pt (7.42b) ‘Step 5: Application of the first law of thermodynamics to the burner gives tincepeTa + Tyger = tac Tes By using the definitions of the temperature ratios and fuel/air ratio, the preceding equation becomes mbPR _ a fy Bret fo TM Solving for f, we get mi 7 (7.43) nphpr/(CpcT0. ™PARAMETRIC CYCLE ANALYSIS OF REAL ENGINES 409 Step 9: Expressions for the propulsive efficiency 7, and thermal efficiency nr ae listed next for the case of Pp = Pio = Po. Development of these equations is left as an exercise for the reader. _ 2Mal(1 + f)(Vo/ao0) + a(Vio/a9) — (1 + @)Mo] = 7.50) MSP MVo/a0)? + a€Viv/ aq)? — (1+ MB ’ ny = ADs) a0) + a€ Vio ao)? = (1 + aM} (751) 2gcfher 7.4.2. Summary of Equations —Separate-Exhaust-Stream Turbofan Engine INPUTS: 4 Bu Ko Bw Mo, TK, "Re (eg Ge) to on aR) a TM. ene Foe o> Gm)? Amst 7» Foe Mm eer Cf eos Mh 1 thnx Po/ Po, Po/Pi9, Ta(K, °R), es Hp. OUTPUTS: mm/h Be aN ea) x (2S): Tp No» Ne> My etc. ing \kg/s’ Ibm/s, N° lbf EQUATIONS: (7.52a) % r Ra (7.52b) a = V7ReBTO Caza) Vo = aoMo a (7.52e) =a SS es ELEMENTS OF PROPULSION ae eH my =1 for Mo <1 np = 1 —0.075(Mo —1)'*° for Mo > 1 Tq = Trax Tr cnTs n= CpeTo me = HID tHe 1 ae tiytpr/ (Cp To) — 7 1 = x eaap ees t tay ee pate) ih Date Fe Pomme m4 By Ps Ae 2 2" orig 9 | —1| \Ps By _ Fo Pip Pio <= TdT Tha (7.52f) (7.52g) (7.52h) (752i) (7.52) (7.52k) 7.s2l) (7.52m) (7.52n) (7.520) (7.52p) (7.529) (7.521) (7.52s) (7.52t) (7.52u) (1.52v) (7.52)ea el (ara = VOL/OL 1 ‘ugpigo 2m "urwams a309 aurSua amp pue Wes Ue} ain 05 suonenbo asamp 241 SUNaEELIOD 2 AAS io4 wD = oro :Aydde suonrenbo oomoyos an wey a 304 sso pu aga 2p 10 sfou2}ONS EOE ano io anseaid Umouyun aip UFEgo ot pase axe (OY'L-ET L) suonenba (ro soas@ ones aumnesodusay ouigam 2up 203 BuIstos (4— Dg Ut D"E == Ap += tumgo om “(oy's) bal“) one: sseda 2tp pur ‘ones ate /ony “somes aurnes> “aw yo suonmuyep amp Bun pue 2,%22u £q uoenbo Huspaoosd oun Suypistc uIgam) wos, wey sossaaduios samod 100 ‘out s3m0d) ‘owut somod (wo r= MDM = CL — tou gd + (BL — soni “uy pur