In the circuit in Fig. P7.1, the voltage and current expressions are de "™V, 0": BMA 120. Find ak b) F(in milliseconds). OL 4) the initial energy stored in the inductor. ©) the time (in milliseconds) it takes to dissipate 60% of the intial stored energy. Figure P7.4 i ra Rad L = (0.1)(20) = 20H 1 [a] w(0) = SiO? = 32008) =64) lo 2 (100) = 100(1 2 10d-—e™)=60 so e™=04 S%dissipatea = A ‘Therefore 1 —In2.5 = 45.81 ms pg i025 = 45.81 ms 7.5 The switch shown in Fig. P7.5 has been open a long time before closing at a) Find 1,0 b) Find 1,0), ©) Find 1,0 4) Find 10%, e) Find 1,2) 1) Find ip(co).) Write the expression for i) for r2 0. h) Find 140). ') Find 40". Find (0). ) Write the expression for u(t) for 12 0°. 1} Write the expression for (1) for 12 0°. Figure P7.5 wo. won | 200 nv) gra 00 mt [a] §,(0-)=0 since the switeh is open for t <0. {b] For ¢= 0 the circuit is: 1, ‘in a ata we a0 - 6 . - 1209/6092 = 400 BR = pray 7 O2tA = 240mA 120 in0-) = (2); 0) = (eH) [e] For t= 0" the circuit is: 1200\1400 = 300 12 —— = 0.30A = 300mA, 10430 120 <—) 300 = 225 mA imo) ss io(0*) = 225 — 160 = 65mA[a] ix(0*) = ix(0-) = 160ma [e] io(00) =, = 225 mA [f] ix(co)=0, since the switch short cirenits the branch containing the 20 Q resistor and the 100 mH inductor. L _ ot (el 7=5= ms, >= 200 “in =0+(160—O)e ™ = 1600 ™mA, £20 {h] v(0-)=0 since for ¢ < 0 the current in the inductor is constant [i] Refer to the cirenit at t = 0* and note: 20(0.16) + »,(0*)=0; *. m0") =-3.2V [i] v:(co) =0, since the current in the inductor is a constant at t = oo. [k] z(t) = 0+ (-3.2-O)e™ = 3.20 ™V, £2 0* [) in(t) =i, — i, = 225 — 160e-™ mA, t>o* 7.10 In the circuit shown in Fig. P7.10, the switch has been in position a for a long time, At ¢= 0, it ‘moves instantaneously from a to b. a) Find 1,9 for 2 0, ) What is the total energy delivered to the 8 © resistor? ©) How many time constants does it take to deliver 95% of the energy found in (by? Figure P7.10 }2 mH fa] <0 tin 120 1502 ayo) ° = 9 150 i4(0") = Fag(12) = 10 t20i emit], 4° gon 2k > 1-enn! ahgeo DA 10a 3 a = 200 x 10°; 1/7 = 5000 10 MA £>0 wee = dae x 10-9 )(10)? = 80 mJ 2 {e] 0.95waa = 76mJ *. 76x 10% * $(1006~10) de 2 10,001.) 7.21 In the circuit in Fig. P7.21 the voltage and current expressions are eS, 120; mA, 120", Find aR. be ©) £ (in milliseconds). 4) the initial energy stored in the capacitor. ©) how many microseconds it takes to dissipate 68% of the initial energy stored in the capacitor. Figure Pat cH eR fal r=t 9K 1 1 1 t_ 1 _ 500, = 0.220, sF >= Re (500}(9000) “[el r= = 2ms 500 [4] w(0) Koa x 10-6)(72)? = 576 pd > (72)Pe 10008 (e] itn = f (9000) me e 10006 = 056 { = 576(1— ¢ 10%) J %diss = 100(1— 1) = 68 80 eM = 3.195, 13.125, 1000) = 1139 ps 7.23 The switch in the circuit in Fig. P7.23 has been in position a for a long time and vy =0V. Atr=0 the switch is thrown to position b. Calculate ai, vyand v for 20" by the energy stored in the capacitor at = 0, ©) the energy trapped in the circuit and the total energy dissipated in the 5 KO resistor if the switch remains in position b indefinitely. Figure P7.23 47k gp Sko [a] 11 (07) = 00") = 75V Coq = 2 x 8/10 = 1.6 nF 5k 16a F180 7 =(5)(1.6) x 10° = 8ms; E = 125 S x 10-3e1 = 15e mA, > OFBET VTE = wai 15 x 107% de +75 = 60e"™*415V, £20 oe ala 15 x 10% dr 40=—15e 4 15V, £>0 [b] w(0) = te x 10°)(5625) = 5625 pJ |] wtrapped = 50 x 10°°)(225) + 306 x 10°)225 = 1125 J. Weiss = das x 10°)(5625) = 4500 jal. Check: wrapped + Waiss = 1125 + 4500 = 5625 J; w(0) = 5625 pI. 7.31 At the time the switch is closed in the circuit in Fig, P7.31, the voltage across the paralleled capacitors is 50 V and the voltage on the 250 nF capacitor is 40 V. a) What percentage of the initial energy stored in the three capacitors dissipated in the 24 KO resistor? by Repeat (a) for the 400.0 and 16 kA resistors. ©) What percentage of the initial energy is trapped in the capacitors? Figure 7.31 200 aF:16 = esa (18) _ 9 4.-s00e 7 ious = € (jp) =o mA, ¢>0° Pann = (0.16 x 10-%e 1) (24,000) = 3.84e 1 mW tan = [3s x 10-Se! ge = 3.84 x 10-0 — 1) = 384 pI w(0) = 4025 x 10°°)(40)? + ha x 10°°)(50)? = 145 mJ x 10-6 Tenis * 100= 0.26% % diss (2449) = [b] pro = 400(1 x 10-0)? = 0.4 x 10-%e- 100 oS [> raat = 040 pd 04 x 10% % diss (4009) = ya * 100 = 0.08% inex = € AY oy ge-sine ‘ 5) =06e Mma, 10 Prensr = (0.6 x 10-%e-*8°)2(16,000) = 5.76 x 10-%e 1 W = [75.76 x 107% dt = 5.76 pI seme = [°5.76 x 5p % diss (16kQ) = 0.4% [e] Swain = 3.84 + 5.76 + 0.4 = 10 pI erapped = 0(0) — YO wai = 145 x 107 — 10 x 10° = 14d md % trapped. a x 100 = 99.31% Check: 0.26 + 0.03 + 0.4 +99.31 = 100% 7A The switch in the circuit in Fig. P7.41 has been open a long time before closing at 1= 0. Find 11) for 120", Floure P74 wo | so mn J fosdendd4>0; — caleulate v9(0*) ue a ia geo — = 20x 107% "va = 0.75ue(0*) + 75 x 10% 15x 1978 WO, HO) 9, 4 50x 108 0 3 8 139(0*) — 8v, — 360i, = —2600 x 10-* = 9ig +50 x 10° 0") 8 v9(0*) i= 360g = 4.5u9(0") + 1800 x 10-* 80, = 6u,(0*) + 600 x 10-* +5x 10% 13u9(0*) — 6ve(0*) — 600 x 10-8 — 4.5u9(0)— 1800 x 10-$ = —2600 x 10-* 200 10%» (0*) 2.5n,(0" —80 mV (20) = 0 Find the Thévenin resistance seen by the 4 mH inductor: twa 50 ais . +) fa oe vg $150, on fs . - or or T= 90 + 8 — Dia7.52 The switch in the circuit seen in Fig. P7.52 has been in position a for a long time. At ¢ = 0, the switch moves instantaneously to position b, For 120", find a) ula. bio. 2 Yt. 4,0. igure #752 pac) [a] 29(0-) = w(0*) = 1200 sie az.skg —37-5k0 enunte % asov v9(co) = —150V; + = 2ims; +500 vp = —150 + (120 — (—150))e-#™™ v9 = —1504+270e™™"V, *#>0 [b] é, = —0.04 x 10°°(—500)[270e- 7] = 5.4e%% mA, > OF [e] vq = v9 — 12.5 x 10%, = —150 + 202.5¢-%™ V [a] v9(0*) = —150 + 202.5 = 52.5V Cheeks: v,(0*) = io(0*)[37.5 x 10°] — 150 = 202.5 — 150 = 52.5V mA a. soe fae = ppg = —} + 185M mA wig + took + itor +4=0 (0k)7.66 There is no energy stored in the circuit in Fig. P7.66 at the time the switch is closed, a) Find i(9 for 120. b) Find (9) for 12 0°. ©) Find (0) for 12 0. 4) Do your answers make sense in terms of known circuit behavior? Figure #7.56 oo roost wv) 10H vx) fa] Loq = 5 +10—2.5(2) = 10H Lowi 2 2.5(8e 7.5(8e ") {a} #(0) =2—2=0, which agrees with initial conditions. 80 = A0iy + 0 + v2 = 40(2 — 2e“) + 20e-"* + 60e~ = 80V Therefore, Kirchhoff’s voltage law is satisfied for all values of t > 0. ‘Thus, the answers make sense in terms of known circuit behavior. 7.68 at the time the switch is closed. a) Find i,(9 for 12.0, by Find (0) for 12.0". ©) Find 1, for 12 0, 4) Find (9 for 1>0. «) Do your answers make sense in terms of known circuit behavior? Figure P7.68 zon t=0 =i, “AS at soy isu lon[a] From Example 7.10, _ tila M*__ 50-25 4 “T+ 12+2M 15 +10 wek-4, 1 Rk 20° T o. igft)=4—4e-™A, £0 t>0" 4>0 in(0) = in(0) =0, consistent with zero initial stored energy. om i = 1(80)e™ = 80" V, > OF (checks) > 0" (checks) — soit _ git _ gg,-me a ty = 1052 — 552 = Be V, > OF (checks) 2p(0*) = 80V, which agrees with i,(0*) = 0A fo(00) = 4A; ig(00)Leq = (4)(1) = 4 Wh-turns (00) Ly + ig(o0)M = (2.4)(5) + (1.6)(—5) = 4 Wb-tumns (ok) in(00) La + iy(00)M = (1.6)(10) + (2.4)(—5) = 4 Wh-turns (ok) ‘Therefore, the final values of i,, ij, and i are consistent with conservation of flux linkage. Hence, the answers make sense in terms of known circuit behavior.