FOURIER SERIES: Some Important Definthont ' ® Periodic functron- A function f:R—IK ib dail to be Pertoclic if Hhene existe a positive Number T such thet i fOAT)= 4) fer ath real number X UNIT-4 o Ve, 4S = four) = fear) - they Tw catted pened of Foor, TW Smattert Positive Number Exp: Pentod of Siny: Since, Sina) = Ain (x4 24) = Binla+an) = - - T= 2m (Smetlext ) fo, Period of Sinn 1A 2% Simatfoady , Peniod of (osx, Sex, Goseex 1k 2” : tonk and Golx {4 1. © fven and odd function: frmom. A function foo fs know as an even function Th fay = fo) x. {baa} or. The graph OP even function, Palen la be ‘Ss Ayam ebvicec| about Ye arts: i Qe Domaty Men <1 i Empe F002 2%, Cox, Ix) ete, AE ctomasin Cust) 2 — Scanned with CamScannerAT fenction fox ts known’ 0s an ‘odd function Ho fey ee fay’ Tea (seh of an odd function is symmchical about Ye on'pin- Exe - ANX , x ete Fourter Series of a function FOO be pevodic function with period 2 Zo, FO Con be represented as a tng nometne Aerues * bp In’ Intervak Cc uC C120 fon = oo + 2 a tine) $2 Coscnx } C+ln and ay = +{ $00 dx 90, An, by c % Euler's Constant ivuskorg- (formula) Ci2K (Fourier Coeftrei n= + | teu. tosenn) dx efdent c cra Men 2/34)— be te nem + J FON: Sinenx) de c This ts Euler's Formula Scanned with CamScanner© Dintchtet!s Conditions fs fourier Series \- A function FO of pesuiod 2x defined on (¢, c+20) Can be expanded in Tourren Jou foo = Oo 4. 5 Antosn + bn Sin nX 2 Wet Peovidest - ) tex) Singles Valued and bounded in (¢,c+27) 2) fa) hos atmott a finite number of mania, and minima in (Cc, C420) 3) foo is piece wise Gontinuow with finite number 4 discontinuties in Ce, c+24) These (Condition on fev) one Sufficrent but not Recemmon . Lonvergence o Fourier Series’. 4 fos > a a (9m Cos nx bon din (nd) Conv oye fo- 1) 34 YY ft) 18 Continuous on Ce, cH2m) Scanned with CamScanner@ gL tens se] "f X= a €(Cct2m) ib» point of dls continu y G) t(4 Cet) 4 fecronr | Point of discontinuity of endpoint o| Ce, eta) Te ot 20 @ HE C+2ZA’ i flat) = fim fear) Right hard Lrnit flr') = fm fca-A) helt hand Ue’ Some Special Cases’. c=0 then, wo 4 2 [An lostmn + by Sint) N=] *e 400= \ 2a 2 d do +) foo dx ° a = I . ty = rh FOU: CoS (mr) dL ox bp = . | for: Str(ny) dx 0 Scanned with CamScanner4, 6) Cz-1 Y Q ha Oy fogs +) AnGstnx) + 5 by din (ny) nel ny Qe tJ fo) dx “x ym Ine ‘| 0%) Cosenxy dx N=1,2)3,--° “A x be ra J $00 anim dx x Noke. W) Codd function) x( even funchon) =(odol function ) Codd funchon) X(ddd funchion ) = Cever funchion) (even funehion) Xfeven funchion) = ( even fonction) . a @ | foodu = d ° FO 15 odd functiny -a a 2) fdr ¢ f t FO TA Buen farctoy * | Juv dx Uy wut yy tage | where "ody , Ws and v= Jvdr ys ey Vr= \Midx dx2 ans 40 on. Scanned with CamScanner© Eup Joos 7X 1 Find Fourien Series in 06% <2% tho deduce that A-ya lat 1 4-- + sts Jen- a) = S- Grex) . Aone X 2M 4gx = = TS 2 ae - fQa-x) = = (Ax). ~$o0 Se, founiey Series - fro = oo. + > On Costnx) + 5 bn Jin (nx) Wey) Now Ly Pretty y aoe LY) foo ax. Ustng ity x. a i : ) fonda, and h =t \ ‘Len aydt = £ J+fonds = J flare-xydx ° See fe on ean aa we 2a = + | foodx- +) foody <0 o= ze K oO oO ? Sines, $(2N-1) = ~ 4G) oy & Cos(2a-x) = lOSX* ke or “One it J fer) Costnxydu — 1) v0 Scanned with CamScannerabso, a ne a. j JOR) + bos toma) de o ax J -420- Gsinyyde 6) ° sane Lt x 40 on eatin (Otte) 2 ®& 2-0 Now a 2n bn= | 40a: Sin try dx > or m by = ES 2) srminyy de oN » bas oe J (150 sinenay de aaa eee [ Or es dl © : ar an _ ( ae ara eal 7 i "by = + [ (haylasemy _ Aintny) L n n> Jo & bye zp | cr) eee eee a | a it n | a [7] Scanned with CamScannerThus, Fourier Series - foo = a « = ae +2. An Cos(nu) + 2 ba Attn) ° we) Wz) o 6 fox) = 2D bn4minyy) OW, Ar=0 w= An=0 © arne ia are cE m, | Deb = sintay + Aimed 5 Anan 5 oe Required Countes Sentes * ot Xa, : ‘ a Ra ~ aint) + (ann) 4 SNM) , since) ze a “ % ze uo-ftrorg-tep- Sinton) =0° re Sin (2) =) So(38) e- Scanned with CamScanner(2) Pourter Serres of 2A- periodic feenchion fos xe -ncngn ot Xen Conve to 7? : enges f fae v2 LE (enn) Wo 4X=% ' funchin hos digeontiniuty Since, Wik pot in interuel - 60, Founten Sertes toveiige to. alxen | feat) + jor) | =+ bie F(R) +1 1 (4-h) sll semen] + [orp eermy| = 4 [m4 xed [ran] = 1 [pa] =? Scanned with CamScannerFunctions having oabiteary feruiods - (change of Interval) hed {oo be qiven porviodic function fo fnterval CKK CHUL. be foo Pouodic function of Pouiod 24: in (0, C#22) Whee, 4 14 any posthve integer: Nov, using Substitution — oe i 1 x Poe ES ss ze Wc = Bh pan = dion J ! dunce the function fo) of Perted at fn Ce,cr2m) 1s Trans formed] into 4 (H)= FR) of Powod 2a to (d,d42n) ° Then, Fz) Can be 00 00 Fle)= 2% 4 2 AnGos(nz) + 2 bnsintnz) > wey nz) Scanned with CamScannerWher , : d+. =| Ftarde d d420 an= 4 F(z) Costnz) dz d We 43,7 : dion bn = i Flz)-&in (n2) dz d Now, Putting ga WX 3 dee tay. L gt When, 2=d Sy=¢ Z=di2m > Y=C42k Se, abse equedtion Aeduce trto - oO CI F(a) = = re \ ( 7 ) fry > +2 On (os| ne) . z br stn (283) When, e424 Op = + 5 fon de Cc ' e424 An= =p J fen Cos (244) dx c q24 meg] tren (Ben Scanned with CamScannerExp. Find Fourter Series fr tex definad by ~ foo “| x Ocxy gd \-% L212 Ws, Huw, few! ib peruiodre fanchon a a and, (0,2) = f& t ”. Fourten's Sensex of FO fer Period =2y 6n CC, Crt) Qo wo ~ Joe Ded dy Cosma) yy bn ain (24% ) ney n=) : Paiod x2 Ns C42 C424 M=}) foo dx c One Lf fon Gos (04%) d ri] (2%) dy \ Cd be oJ Fon in (2ANX ) dy, Arent , Ce, crt) = (0,2) C=0, =k. > wAW=2 ro} 2 fay = 42 + 24n. Gos(nnx) + 2 bn Ain (nay) « n=) AE) | ee a J Forde, d= J fea Cos enna) dx o z bn= J Td Sin (mmx) gy . oO Scanned with CamScannerNow , \ fo dx = J fayan ae fen) d% o \ \ 9 Ls Qo = bxdne Jeo oO 244 sy or Qo Cf w ao = ge (e-f-3t | = Sree 0 Now, Now » an= \ fearCostnnn) du ° 7 2 © ty = J fxd Cosinaryda + | $OLr CALA) AX ® 1 \ = or On = J % Cos (naa) de + | (90) bos toma) da I \ ” On = [e (Sam), ‘ann 0 nT naz Sinan) tosnrX z * (oly a la n( eam ) ne mend : Scanned with CamScanner“) One | 4: Stanx 4 Cosme _ py — (oslo) nn naz near 2 + [ene toscana) | ; nn wend ) w cena 1p — Coston) 0 tain) | oo a" co 2 ” an> | x ~ 3, |+ | ae wn? (os(nm)= (-1)" 2 n See yt & On= al 1 | 0 n & bven Q 3 Ya nome A Now, 5 bo= J fox Sintn7a) dX 2: e | fray: Sin(n) d+ J fo Sininan dx D ) \ * base | WAIN) de + J U-a) Sorta) at ° 1 Scanned with CamScanner. ! ba= [eo (esx) ce col San) : nra2 - -x\f- xX -y {7 Stannr “{c x) (smn j= | went i Sn nr) =0 © bye ~ Cos(nn) i Cosma) 9 \ | TR te + 0-0} +] 0-0-0 " Deer Seen Pee ' bn = nn OK zl { | 0 n is even- 4, bn= \ es nN th bdo: nw AO a 2 ? foo ~ Ant > Anlostnma) + Dy bn aint nax) 2 We) n=\ wn °~ bo - 4 Cos C2n-1YAX LS Sin(an-1)nx fre 0 RL 2 (2n-1)2 x a (Qn) . a Nn Feploce by (20-1) ony fox Odo - , 8 Freven: Qn=0 £ bn=v Oo fraps HF CosConny nx h= oo Fz +2. DE Ain (2n-1) AX : Cane) Wysy C2n-1) Scanned with CamScannerCor deduchion - fut dad Since , x=) t& point of Aiscordinuity 40, dum of Series of x=\ eae : a (40 ) + fury] LY dn - dim Ft h) = faee gn ten] uth 5 [in Uh) 4 tia (1-04 | " aul A Lar} -E. &, 7 _ Loa 5 teetenaden 4 2) Ananda 27 ys, Gen ® yay Cnty) on-) BI = veeteteie o emia bin (2n-1)" 20 UR ee C2m-1)? = i eS ! Cos(nm)= C1) a E \ Santini eer yma. . 2° UR Pace Scanned with CamScannerHALF RANGE SERIES ~ Hay Fonge sine series het f(z) be defined on to, 4), Gnd in (HA, A) fae =fOO Ve fox) 1B an oct function « d0, Fourrex Revues - on (-4,4)° ® fame * + Lon Cos ny ny bnlosny =) h ave) fodx =o as Fry Badal» Sev} Cos (ny \ Cos (NAA f X=0 - “ a= hfe x ) a) Th odol+ ba= Lf sin (DTA). fooneta So, the Sous s- for ie intervol (4) 4)" 09 fos bombs fore Zensen). dx Roy So, Half none Sine Series: Of foxy on (0,4) $o0 = x by. Sin (DAX Fourter Series Contarne only =e { Sine term, ae ra Fro: Sin( ax Scanned with CamScannerPorticulan Cae 48) Uo foxy ts defined Jn (Om): te: Lex Fhan required Hal Hange Aine serves Ws given by x % foo 2. bn'Sin(nx) whew — by= 2) $02): Sin (nx)dx - n=) A Half ~ Range, Costne Sertes! '$ foo s FFX) he foo Weven function In (tty lg. os. 00 Ao, eg : "7 1) at a Cos (2eL) 4 4 whey, do= +f food an=d) foo: Costner) dy - : : Z ~2 A Thy, Hat{ Range Rosina Aertes of FOO fo (ord) a 7 Conta - oo nxX n forse 2 +200 Cos (24 \ Se tern * 4 whe, dp = +4 foo dx D t an~ & i FOD« tos (DAY dy. Scanned with CamScannerPantiewloy Case !- An: Ho fo is defined in ( Fonge WAtne series 13 given see 0,7) then requlved bof 00 {oo = S43 an Costnxy . = © = ox 24 ody an= ri Sea). Costnx) dx: > Exp» f= xsinx fn COT) Find half Range Cosine Serres Co. = FOW = Cxrtesined) = + asin = for) ever function « bo 00 4 foo = Be an Cos nx) =I a 2 J foodx 3 One 2 fy F%) Costnx) ox « 6 Als do = S vas LY xsinn dx r i Xr =e [ a(-cosx) ~ (eam | Scanned with CamScanneraire \" A SMA Cos (NA) dL 0 x * an> Lt 251 C re io a mA. Cosnx) d nw A One J xf Arneneny x ~ sienna] ae a o i i ® Ay = J a sinensty x de 2 J xsintn-iyadx o 6 x | tascnn.) «5 (-Smenay) Oy tf nt] tnt? 0 x at oc f Cost} . | 7 (nt) en-1) a _ pec] oa Pac Wet le | —ae cayitl ay) socom (ehh Oy = n+) w-| Scanned with CamScannery o Se Ge | (ap a Caan) n=l o On = Gun] nel-n~| = Cntytw-) or Cn = 2 (etl wits Cu-1y (nat) Yona ‘thon , x Ci 2) % (sin osx) dx nv ° a Le xsinewdx x | -2(4)" Cyt) a [ey ~ cry Cesin27) | a 4 ees oy) [a wal x oO L[ zx = al = ak 2 +0 | a bo, hi Rovge lotine Senter — oh Rema 7 faye xsinr = wet A,Cosy + > An Coscnx) . ee wm, ASina = 1 Wa — 9 [L062 _ 93%, Cost 2 IX3 2X4 3XS Scanned with CamScanner@ 2 So, aly Range Contve Herter af x Siny fn (0,7) sing = IH Cosx _ 2Cos2x , 20os3q _ 2losdx 4 a 1¥3 2x4 BX Now, deduce — he 2a nienp ne nee aoe Hi 1S ayo oi], Put xe a = Eamn(Z) = 1 ~ Lostale) CostAe) _ 2Cos(x) 4 2Cns(3%/2) _ ios > 1X3 2x4 a 1X3, act BxS ox7 c 0 h isodd. na7)\s “ a Cen iy even. te: (os(2n) = Coscax) = Cost en) = 4 Co$(X) = Co$(3n) = Costsx) = -4 Scanned with CamScannerSome time we don’t need fo tind ae even function o odd function hall Konge sine sous of fo ee CoAle ACh - | je. we find hal Range Gini Serves as Cosine Pendies of 7 fanchion + Exp! Find half Ronge Sine Seu'es fer et on <0ex<} sel foo =e CE (041) So Requived hat Range Sine Gentes of this function - Son =e =) bn sin(nx1) ws, 41 what, ) by = 2) ebain (an) de ° et (Sin (NRA) -R Cos aston rn tsem) | %, bn ae rere” 04 - ¢ (-nntasna) to | Jem ein (ox) dt _ a9 |f —— — - 4, n= tqL —_ 1a dayne eM asinba- bos tb) aztb> Cin(nx) =0' é we Scanned with CamScannere (=nx Cy") @ ba=a} 2@nme) ine laren? Jantar 5 bn= 40, foo = ey 2nx (1— e(4y”) bn es 4 ra [™ enn (-1) | 2nH~ 7 laren I) ~ecr| Tn?p2 Ain (nxx) he) Farceval’s theoxem (Forseval's identity 7 het f0x) be Q perind’c function with period of defined in He interval (¢, ¢+24) thon | ct 2 ai) [too] dy = = + Zlat see) wert, A, an, bp ae the Fourier Coefficient of fex\: c ; cH24 cH o= \ fondx ane 1 J fan CoS (OAK), dy © ' C24 bn= — Ley): natee } fen) Sn (22%) dy: Scanned with CamScannerCre! Apply faxseval!s Wdertiny fo the function fo =a ‘ —KLULE and deduce pies 6 n n2 As; Poxseval's identity of yee funchion — 1M tee? Qe" > S| fool dus ad + ee > (av br? ) ~” ue ney Since, fsx D> fl) =-x =-food Odd function - fo, M%=0 and An=0° x Can , bn = le a = zJ Lin (nx) dx * Now x «bo BL x Cera) — en ame] eyes ale (tos) | n n n Te Hee eee et tee ues ) x oo. |. ll “7 sie : 3 Scanned with CamScannerNow, ustiag Porseval’s identity ~ s zx ee tux 2h LS topes 2s 3 oO : [2a 20 +L 5 bn Exp! Using the Fourter Series fos foo Ic} ~N CKD find Sum of idee oAsusning that Fourit ceues, of function f{ of 20 Converge fo {Ko) Again using Pasreudl's ident fo calcualt- ale 14 (a oe Sols Foozte) f= lea) = 101 =x) , Lexy Ie even Junction on (-4,7) Scanned with CamScannerSo, Fourrer's Aenies - 00 + (On boenx +bndtny ) (uy = M0 5 Roel Since , foxy te even function - Ane cO ren, Foods trp = 22 4 T ancosenx) &, bn=0" a Ms) Whee , ; x 5 x 4 fseven: A= 2 \inydx = 2 L\ fo =f fry dx oH o x : o, ao= 2 )xdx = 2 [2] =n n . an Now | 2 : 2 Bs bo if = £)\ Xlostnnydx = = an nee ye ~ @osn% Qn = ostmydx = < [rol - ) a-( fe 1 ° Costna) _y _ (0) he yes 2 1A Sin(nx) x 7 2 ( Gostnay 2 ee oy eS? -S) = alo] Scanned with CamScanner, Qy = ee [t-cn"] Whey nis even when Ntsodol . Jo, the Fourresy’s Sentes ~ fogs Ky Lostanaya 2 A pe ener)? er A KAT cox 4 Cos3X 4, (oS 5%, Cos7% 4 oe ae s? 72 Now, Given jo question - fourien series Converge fe flo) - at x20 do, Se pe “ 2 | 32" 53 "534 Scanned with CamScanner~ To Find er & Jabal. ust ! , 4 pth “4 Parceval’s fdenhity x oe a a2 CAN Ay ee SE (Canvabe) on} Uf 1 ft +2. z ir =", by=0°, Anz=0 fe n seven -4 : an= Fs {> n th odol Now a oo ole x24 eae le Ree se) a) 4 Be a (n-1)in® Lp Bo 0 | —{z om ° or [3 7 can +f 2 (2n-1)4 xe wo ce 82 Grn ind 3 wel Sie) iat relies 118 5 ee ae dL (C2n-1y4 oi. © | Non > pal 1 96 ree (2n-1) Scanned with CamScanner@&) PaRTIAL DIFFERENTIAL Equahions with Constant Coefficrent : Thine one two tyren 5{ PPE with Constant loefficient- 1) Harofenous Linear Partial olifferential equation (PRE) 2) Non- homopenour neo PDE 4)- Honwogenous Unesn parttol ditterentiol equation: ht Z= toy) hes. 2 is dlepend on two Vanabe oe fartiol denivative with respect to x! One 2 treat ‘y' D z= le 4h 4) eat J os lontant a with fespect to tT Rp aS) Heat as costa or, , We use wotation - Dy = D = 2% iz ye ee = Ot Dae D Ome ay Scanned with CamScannerNow Constder - The Genel Form oe Z az Ao i aX” +% aa + Ag 2 — = fay) oa CAD ae ATED! aay De env) a= FOG) Twa equedtion 14 known as: Unewr pantiok cue tral eqnation Chomogzenous ) wrth lonstard ad te "ey boef{vcrent * whew, Ao, Ay, An, —— 7am ore Constant ale | F (0p) x= Foy) pune © Sotution a homogenous Unec Ppertrad differential “equation ith lonstont loedicient 2 het the Genero, 4o\ ust on oo Flip, 4 = Fond) 204) = GF 4 PL: ene Comoplementry function vouch a obtained fom — F(D,D)A =O" Od, oe = Particuton Inten act of Linear PDE+ " Scanned with CamScannerAnd pr ig obtainess by - +78) Pts Foe) Cr Working vule for finel Put the given equation jn Slandard form - (Ag d™ + ADMD! + A, DIP? DZ -- FADD) Z= Fy) Sep r- Stp- 2 bate D b4 m and pb by 4 obieun auncitiary equation 15 ~ —e) ea 2 fom +Aym! + Api 24--- 4 An=o Skep-G) Solve (2) Fa M~ Mn wu difeunt sols - ket Me M, M1, May , Case (1) ther - GPhs , Cy tmx) +, (gems - + bn (4 +m0x) a 4 m= Yun: CH = hy Covet OX) + 4, (bo 42) + -- + byl boy tan) Scanned with CamScannerCuetii) of all the Awts aru ame: m= m,=my= -- Mn=m = then CF = ay (ysrncda t $y (ptm) 40 dg Cyt + -- + 2 by Cynon) * : whee, 2, = bn one oxbit vary function « Gp 0) (2D+D") (D42") (D-D') x=0 fut Dem, Dpl=y (am 44) (m42)(m-1) =0 m=-2, m=) fo, toltS ov, me -L S 4 Yen GE = Bly 2) 4, (4-24) + 4( yr) [cr - by Cy) 1s (Y-200 4 gy) @ + weve D=0,0,0,0- (repeated prot - M=0,0,0,0 eae Cr = A a a0 saa aa pag us eG Scanned with CamScanner 4 (Yo)(3) Dit. v’p0- here we assume plem and d=! Gnd Solution 1& tyre Oct my ) here we assume - moms 0 7 Dem, p'=I 2 (m2 Hun, -m=0 . (m=s)=0 oO two wots: M=0, = Se, two ei funchor 10, =I aed cece ee! So, OF = (4 04) Fydorry) + 43(2-41) +g Oct) , & Or) yao, terep race) | Finel m4 Poscticulor (Shost Method) - Entegrod (Crest Tyre) When fer, z) of the fern feaxsby ) TY Flp,p') be homogenous function of D and pb! o “ne n, than Pr = ae flax+by) = Fon SJ eo) ie r- time, When, Ve aytby: Provided- F(9,b) 40 « Scanned with CamScannerExp! (D? 430p! 420) = (uty) Ponticular Unbgptsd P-L = © (Ut ae D) ee fis —! ____ (my) : (D243DD' 42D?) t Jromozenous ° dey = 2- a pL = ! J) v dudv oe aa 14342 aoa Pie tine = iW aa ¢ J ov 30 tun, Fla b)= 640 wa ' \ 2 fl = 34) eee Excoptional (032 — yohan Fa, b) =0 F’p.p’) <0 Fl0,b)=0 | If and only if (bD-ad') 13 & Factr of F(p,D') ae (axgey) = tpp-ay” $Caxtby ) i 4(ax4 by) Scanned with CamScannery f Cab) =0 aw, Peo » § (axiby] D> 2 Tf, Mh, ») on, pls se f laartby ) w 5 [Foo Ye, b) » H} there 18 Cbp-ani)¥ Fects: een" yhen, | Flax toy ) arcten (onan yfon) of Ft0,D)= ne then, PI = Gena) timse - wees) fie = aXaby fi pf. = i ({- J fun dudu - dy caver] Chet) Hos. times Scanned with CamScanner@ bxompte (20% spp'4202)4 = esin(aesy bent, Aurisrars 4 equation - D=m, D'=| 2m?_5m 42 =0 a 2m™—4m-m42=0 a 2m(m-2)~ (m-2)=0 © C2m-1)¢m-2)=0 ° me2, 4 So, GE = dy (yarn) the (24x) | Now. rete et estbeee eee 1 BAIN(OKAG ) (2p2.spp'420"7) ‘ ax +b4 =O LE Ree \[4nondua aatby =U (2x 4-Bx2x4 4201) sae , 5 ; ~ pay APU Fra ble — | __ samen +y) (D-20)(2D-0") sp | 1 _.sintvaxsy) Ee Penirey i ao Ss a \ => ! Scanned with CamScannera 303 [ae ! Ssinuae | Us aaay wna] Matheel : : eri -(-Cosu ) “er Plait : - (ean Cost? xt) =. a cos 2% tT), i ne *Coscaa ty) = “EF Costa xry ) 3 Zl0-20) PT = “2, A tascanig) St, Complte Solution 2= CF +1 R= aceny)* 4, ec) = one omy) | Tow, 15 Gnother . PP - fo oe 7 3 (D2) Cos(ax sy) oS Cos(ax4y) 3 S02) d > Be, Costar 4) = Fe tostoxty) X= 4, Grey) * dats) + By lac(2xay)Qeeond Type: when 4004) = aye pr. —! myn F(D,9') * d y nem , then 1 should expanded In power of 2 F(D, 2") a) ee A 2p. Scanned with CamScannerPI: 12924364 nem pC a) i) % power of YA ess than power ao - lz [i se ue 3 ee D2 22] ty) cs rae , ol | Crsy ) as =0° D'Qs Maximum power be = pe [yee thee Bp to | o 4 ince zry) 15004 a V Binomial expanyay — paltry) +600] of (-xy? 2 = lt 2u43%44 -- © te eg a fe | > [$%as9y) 4 tex? | Lye 2 Dp = xdx == a = [tox 2a3xy ] PT = jox4y oxy \8 ance General Aoluct'on - [ = (yar) +x by ro tox 16x34 -] Scanned with CamScannerNon- Homogerows Lingor PDE with Constant Se elle cue Coefficient het the PDE of He finem C1)" (D=mypl =a) (D-mad!=ap)-- (D= Mad dn) X = FOG) Yun, (Fa op lyameys eOXG, (yan) to PE Fly tm) wohe, My 5M. 4 --- My we dishinct ° Yo y= Wa sm ane Fepeateal: fot) =a ve. (D-mp'=ay )* (D-Mgbl-a X= FOU Y) then OF = @XtX [Ayam +X byl yamnd | 4M ty myx) Form - (2) PDE- (D!-myp-B,) (bm, D~P2) --- (D!-mpD- fn = Fi y) then, CF B = eft (4, (amy) ] + fed $2 (X44) to - + ebb, (rtingy ) This I's fe Distinct . factor ' Fr Repeatesl Factor: we use. as above Farmc)’ type. Scanned with CamScanner‘ Fer, Panticulo Indepral - - @ ‘when, forgs9) Hetrthy and FC0/b) #0" Hun, 1 ay | ant by: te e == pr F(D,p') F(a,b) ie 2)° whan FOLY) = Sincaxtby) % (oscar toy) OT = —)— sgintaytby) % lostax+by) F(D,D’) uf : y) d * 2 ' Just by Replacing D=-q> , Dp'z=-ab ps -p2 3) When fouy) = yertthy pI. = fe vedithy oe _ panty | F(D, = jee ecatccee gu FCDta, D'+b) 4) When fry) pat on y= [Fons] amy Scanned with CamScanner% ro] S| , (Dappepjzs etd Sin(e424) (DH) CDID-AZ = ETNY Sin Or42y) n, (D-H) (D4 D'I)X= O71 Stol442y) > (D-mpl-a)) (D= yp’ d2) 2 = et on catay) CF = et at tmx) Fe 2% oly 4X) co, CEs eX 4, (yr ox) egy FY %) 9 ers OH ly) 4eX bol G0 Now, i | erty sintary) ican F(D,0') Chienentay \ : sm O24 \ se FU-1, D4) oye \ paar ce = ¢* + StH OY J eo Oe nd 7 \ Pre ett Sm (442 : > blD+D1) a) Scanned with CamScanner60, my [F : | i Pe okt AIN (At 2 . i. -p) a Replace, p?--17, pp'=-2 pre OU.) _ gntz sry) -2-D ey pre-e 0D oa) sint a42y ) UY (D3) erry pee settr De gin (a24 ) 3) Dre pat PI = “ t (D-3) Sint 42y ) DAI ry) : = & Hcy) pet Cosext2y ) ~ saintas2y) | 10 Generol dolutiou - z= GCF+PL = EMAC) ¥edatyo a) 4 STE [tasnp) asic A Scanned with CamScanner