UT They go for long walks at the weekend. Flowers look lovely in spring. ‘Sharon has ballet lessons on Wednesdays and Fridays. We use prepositions of time to say when something happened, happens or will happen. The most common ones are at, In and on. e.g. He wakes up at seven o’olock In the moming. sn months: in April, in June, etc. one seasons: in (the) winter/spring/autumn, etc. Year's Day years: in 1994, in 1998, etc. ase onseaneah _ centuries: in the 20th century specie on Monday inthe morning/afternoon/evening partof2 evening _ inthe at dawn _ inthe in an hour _ day: f expressions: atnoon ‘expressions: ina minute jective + at night | ina weekitew daysimonthiyear ay, onacold day — at midnight : 1 NOTE: First, fill in the gaps with the i correct preposition, then answer 1) We use the prepositions from ... to to show the questions. duration. What time do you get up ...in.. the morning? Jusually get up at half past eeven, What do you like doing .. the weekend? Where do you usually go .. Easter? What do you usually do Friday evenings? 2.9. He goes to school from Monday to Friday. She works from 9 to 5 every day. 2) We do not use prepositions of time: a) with the words today, tomorrow, tonight and yesterday. What do you wear a cold winter day? e.g. | saw him yesterday evening. What are you doing sn... the moment? What time do you go to bed ... night? 'b) before the words this, last, next, every, all, some, each, one and any. 9. You can visit me any Sunday. Did You Go On NOIDAY .nr.nn July? Do you @at UGH senses ROON? What do you usually do ... Christmas Day? Soevonsen 140Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. What time shall we meet? Let's meet...at... 8 o'clock. 2 A: When is the next meeting? WS. cnonnene Wednesday, next week. 3 A: What time do you want to have your appointment? Oh, any time ..n.0.. the Morning They got married 1992. you know. Really? | thought it was 1991 Do you go to bed early? No, | usually go to bed ‘What time shall we have lunch? I'd like to eat noon, if that's all right. ‘When are you going shopping? Probably ~» the weekend, When was her baby born? ae duly 27th, love summer holidays. | preter to go on holiday... When is your next exam? nse Tuesday afternoon, midnight. on Winter. o BR OROROROR AR GRORTRHR Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Prepositions - Linking Oy cers ernst ane 1. My birthday is ..or... November 10th. Aa Boon Cc in 2. Lot's go swimming tomorrow afternoon. Aa Boon c- 3 Farmers usually get Up... dawn. Ain B at Cc on 4 We went to Spain last summer. Aat B Cc on 5. We always buy chocolate eggs Easter. A in B at Cc on 6 My parents are moving house May. A in Boon cat 7 The plane leaves twenty minutes, Aat Bin Cc on 8 The last train to London leaves ......... midnight. Ain Bat Cc on How good is your knowledge of history? Look at the pictures and the list of answers given. In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example. August 5th, 1962 Sth century BC 1492 January 27th, 1756 1876 16th century July 20th, 1969 March 10th, 1922 When was America discovered? 9B: It was discovered in 1492. 1 aS 2 ¥ 3 + * J When was the When was America When was Gandhi Acropolis built? discovered? first putin prison? 4 5 6 — = When was the When was the tele- When was Mozart Mona Lisa painted? — phone invented? born? 7 gD 8 wen dd When did Neil Marilyn ‘Armstrong Monroe cle? land on the moon? 141Tons - Linking Words We use prepositions of place to say where some- body or something is. These include: on, under, In front of, behind, beside/next to, near, at, in, between, among and opposite. We use between to say that somebody or something is in the middle of ‘two other things or people. We use among to say that somebody or something is in the middle of three or more things or peopl The man is standing near the girl The ball is under the chair. The sponge is beside/next to the bucket The plates are on the table. The yellow shell is in front of the orange shell The orange shell is behind tho yellow one. Chang is standing among his frends. She is sitting at her desk. The big jar is between the two small ones. The goldfish is in the bowl. They're standing opposite each other. oseone Seoro (ae © in the expressions: at school/university/college, at work, at home, at the top of ..., at the bottom of ... ® with addresses when we mention the house number. at 15, Rose Street but in Rose Street © inthe expressions: in the middle, in the air, in the sky, in bed, in hospital, in prison, in a newspaper/magazino/ book, in a picture, in a street, in the world © with the names of cities, countries and con- tinents. in Paris, in Turkey, in Europe, in Arica © in the expressions: on the left/right , on the first/second, etc. floor, onachair but in an armchair eo Underline the correct word(s). 1 There is a nice picture of our town on/atiin this magazine. The dog is hiding in/under/on the chair. Let's go shopping in/at/opposite Oxford Street. Read the note atiunderiin the bottom of the page. The Jacksons live atjin/on the second floor John is in/near/behind bed at the moment. He's not feeling very well. The bakery is at/oppositefon the park. Grandmother loves sitting on/at/in her favourite armchair by the fire, 9. Sarah sits underibesidelin me at school. 10. There is a playground at/underinear the bank. 11 Look at the stars between/in/at the sky. 12 My house is between/on/among the bank and the post office. 13. After the party, there was rubbish in/at/on the floor. 14 Let's meet on/between/at the theatre. 15. There's a very interesting article about UFOs injoniat the newspaper today. onsen enFill in the gaps with at, on, in, behind or next to. Some of them can be used more than once. a This is Mrs Jacobs. She's a teacher. This is her class- room. There are some shelves (1) ...0r... the wall. There are lots of books (2) the shelves. There are some tables (3) the classroom. Some children are sitting (4) w>w>m>uPraPE .. the bill a Underline the correct preposition. ‘The two men are (1) on/over the floor. They have been fighting and they have just fallen (2) up/down the stairs together. One of them is crawling (3) along/through the floor. He is trying to escape. The other man, who is (4) between/benind him, is also (5) on/at the tioor. They are both quite (6) near/in the door. The first man wants to get (7) out of/through the room. (8) Near/Over the two men there is a table which has a plant (9) onto/on it 43, Correct the mistakes. osone The car is going over the street. Uncle Jim fell through the stairs yesterday. Hive in 14, South Grove The Eiffel Tower is on Paris. Let's have a party on next Saturday Prepositions - Linking \ sion Box Gy crows ne cove tom 1 Diana ...C... her house at the moment. A had painted B paints C is painting Bob wun fishing every weekend, but he doesn't any more A used iogo B goes © has gone The SUN «nn... yesterday, so we went to the beach. A shines B was shining © is shining 1 eoonessnes fOF tO hoUFS When | decided to stop for a rest A had been criving B drove © was driving . we invite Tom and Mary to the party on Saturday? A Shall B will © Do My parents buy me a computer for my birth- day, A shall B are going to © should This table by my father. A hasmade B made © was made They dinner and then they went for a walk A areeating Bate © had eaten The party «0. when | arrived. A had already started B isstarting C starts The man ......... 10 hospital in an ambulance. A wastaken B istaken Chas taken Complete each sentence with two to five words including the word in bol The plants will die if you don't water them. unless The plants ...will die unless you water. them. I think you should move to a bigger house. would ft ne move to a bigger house. Sandra regrets not going to university. had = Sandra 7 .. to university. Why don't you tidy your room? wish | your room Unless | have a ladder, | won't be able to paint the ceiling if I won't be able to paint the ceiling nenen @ ladder. | was late because | didn't set the alarm clock had il the alarm clock, | wouldn't have been late. 4Tat) We usually use linking words to join two sentences together. They express time, contrast, reason, result, etc. ‘The part of the new sentence which cont 6 the linking word is called a clause of timo/reason, etc. (depend- ing on the kind of linking word used) and the rest of the sentence is the main clause. eg Iwas angry. | didn't say anything. Although | was angry, | didn't say anything, ee eS Sn See EO clause of contrast Exyetessing Kee! eae ecn/ Reel? es @ The word because introduces a clause of reason. When the clause of reason comes before the main clause, they are separated with ‘a comma. When the clause of reason follows, no comma is used. e.g. Because it was hot, | opened the window. J opened the window because it was hot. ‘ The word so introduces a clause of result. The use of result always comes after the main clause and is separated with a comma. e.g. It was hot, $0 | opened the window. Rewrite the sentences using so or because, as in the examples. 11 Simon was put in prison because he robbed a bank. Simon robbed a bank, 60 he was put in prison. 2 Lisa was cold, so she put on a sweater. Lisa put on a sweater because she was cold. 3 Because | was hungry, I made a sandwich. 4 twas my birthday, so | had a party, 5 (went to bed late last night, so | feel tired today 6 I washed my clothes because they were dirty. 7 She forgot to tum off the oven, so the food was burnt. @ Because we were bored, we went for a walk. © The boss was angry because Jonny was lato. 10 Frank's hair was too long, so he went to the hair dresser's. 146 ‘main clause We express time with the following words: when, while, before, after, till/ until, ete. When the time clause comes before the main clause, they are separated with a comma. When the time clause comes after, no comma is used. e.g. Before you leave for Paris, please phone me. Please phone me before you leave for Paris. © Time clauses follow the rule of the sequence of tenses. When the verb in the main clause is in a present/future tense or the imperative, then the verb in the time clause is in a present tense. We do not use future tenses in time clauses. Present tenses: present simple/continuous, present perfect simple/continuous. e.g. You can stay here as long as you like. He will give us the money after he is/has been paid. Tidy your room before you go out. Keop quiet while I'm working. When the verb in the main clause is in a past tense, then the verb in the time clause Is in a past tense. Past tenses: past simple/continuous, past perfect simple/continuous. e.g. She had breakfast after she had taken a shower. Before he left, he called a taxi. He had been reading 4 novel for two hours before he went out. Study the following table: ‘Mainciause === Timeclause present / future / > imperative past simple / past —~ perfectPut the verbs in bracket rect tense. into the cor- 1 | won't leave until you ...2re... (be) ready. 2 She was playing the piano while | (read) a book. 3. The guests arrived after sho (clean) the house. 4 He thought about my proposal carefully before he . (make) a decision. 5 When! = (S@8) him, | will recognise him, We express contrast with the following linking words: but, although/even though/though, despite/ in spite of, however, etc. © but e.g. He was tired, but he went to the party. @ although/even though/though + subject + verb Even though is more emphatic than although. ‘Though is used in everyday speech. eg. Although/Even though/Though she had a cold, She went to work. She went to work although/even though/ though she had a cold. ‘Though can also go at the end of a sentence where it means ‘however’. 9. He is old. He is energetic, though. '® In spite of/despite + noun/-ing form 2g, In spite of Despite the rain, wo went for a walk. Mary didn't hurry in spite ofidespite being fate, In spite of/despite + the fact that... eg. In spite of/Despite the fact that it was rain- Jing, we went for a walk. however However usually goes at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a contrasting idea and is, followed by a comma. eg, / was sleepy. However, / watched the fil. Prepositions - Linking 4a Fill in the gaps with although/even though or in spite of/despite. 1_...Although/Even though... we were late, we caught the bus. 2 The plate broke, it landea on the carpet. 3 " her rudeness, she’s actually a nice person, 4 They didn't find the ring looking everywhere for it 5 He's got grey hair he's only twenty-five. 6 He wasn't wearing a coat the cold weather 7 semnnniemnmsennnmnenns BOING Old, MY grandmother loves playing tennis. they are brothers, they don't look alike, @ pats wie sai. They like going on holiday, but they don't like flying Although they like going on holiday, they don't like flying. 2 The cars old, but it's in good condition. Though the car 3 twas snowing, but we went out for a walk In spite of the fact .. 4 Danny is tall, but Sandra is shor. Danny is tall. However, .. 5 itwas.a hot day, but he wore a warm coat. Although it ons 6 Bill was busy. He helped me with my homework Even though Bill was ..... 7 She fell over. but she didn't hurt herself. Despite falling ... Match column A with column B in order to make correct sentences. 1 Bob phoned Ea, a after she had packed everything, 2 Keowee b so they lita fre. 3 Tomas fred © buthe wasn't at home, d | don't think she’s 4. They were cold, sultable forthe job. 5 Although like Joan, e because he was late for work every day. 47