EARTH PROCESSES:

B. THERMAL EXPANSION- during the day,

WEATHERING temperature side heating rocks and ground
(as they heat up, expansion occurs). During
EARTH PROCESSES CAN BE: the night, temperatures drop and the rocks
and the land lose their heat (this cause
➢ EXOGENIC- Geologic processes that occur on contraction)
the surface of the Earth
(Ex. Weathering, Mass Wasting, Erosion)

➢ ENDOGENIC – Geologic processes that occur

within the Earth
(Ex. Metamorphism, Magma Formation) https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=98c5ead6feac462bb3d76016fa5ef
453#:~:text=As%20previously%20mentioned%20mechanical%20weathering,by%20exposure%20t
o%20the%20elements.&text=This%20thermal%20weathering%20causes%20fractures,by%20othe
r%20means%20of%20weathering.

Let us start the discussion with the Exogenic Processes.

A very good example of exogenic process is
WEATHERING.

WEATHERING
- is a process where rocks, soil, and minerals are broken
down into pieces. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=98c5ead6feac462b
b3d76016fa5ef453#:~:text=As%20previously%20mentioned%20mechanical%20
weathering,by%20exposure%20to%20the%20elements.&text=This%20thermal%
20weathering%20causes%20fractures,by%20other%20means%20of%20weatheri
ng.

Due to the repeated contraction and expansion,

the outside layer of rocks tends to peel away or
exfoliate.

https://www.dexpan-canada.com/
TYPES OF WEATHERING
1. PHYSICAL WEATHERING:
- Sometimes called mechanical weathering, is
the process that breaks rocks apart without
changing their chemical composition.
https://www.geographypods.com/1-weathering.html
C. ABRASION- It occurs when rocks surface is
frequently exposed to water, wind and
gravity. Rocks and sediment grinding
against each other wear away surfaces.
Glaciers abrade
the rocks as they
move downslope

A. FROST WEDGING -water enters into the

cracks within the rocks. During the night,
temperature drops and the water freezes.
Ice formation within cracks may cause rock
to break apart.
Rocks become
smaller and
smaller due to the
abrasion of sand
carried by wind
Water expands
when it freezes.
https://uag-earthsci.blogspot.com/2019/11/day-048-giftionary-physical-
weathering.html Flowing water
transfer pieces of
H2O molecules arrange rocks. Rocks grind
themselves into hexagonal with each other
molecular structure when creating a smooth
cooled—this creates more and rounded
appearance.
spaces between
molecules.

http://mubirupepu.blogspot.com/2017/04/structure-of-water-and-ice.html
 2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING 3. BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING - occurs when
- changes the molecular structure of rocks something living interacts with the weathering.
and soil. A. BY PHYSICAL MEANS ( Ex. Roots and Stem
A. DISSOLUTION- minerals from rocks are of Trees, and Earthworms and Moles)
dissolved through time (ex. Acid rain)

Acidic rain
that degrades
statues

http://theproductiveteacher.org/weat https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/400257485604049797/
hering
- Carbonation, the process of mixing water B. BY CHEMICAL MEANS (Lichens release
with carbon dioxide to make carbonic acid, oxalic acid to dissolve minerals in rock)
dissolves weak minerals like carbonates.
(Ex. Cave Formation)

https://www.alamy.com/lichen-lichenes-on-the-big-stone-in-
https://www.worldofchemicals.com/443/chemistry- https://study.com/academy/lesson/chemical-weathering- the-pine-forest-image228504714.html
articles/mechanism-of-chemical-weathering.html lesson-for-kids-definition-examples.html

C. HUMAN ACTIVITIES (Mining, Hiking,

B. OXIDATION- also known as rusting; Walking, Running)
reaction of substance with oxygen.

Oxidization makes the rocks

and minerals to have a
weaker structure making
them more susceptible to
breaking.

https://www.eartheclipse.com/geology/definition-
processes-types-of-chemical-weathering.html https://www.bioexplorer.net/biological-weathering.html/

C. HYDROLYSIS- is when a substance IMPORTANCE OF WEATHERING

combines with water and a chemical
breakdown occurs. 1. Formation of new soils
2. Shapes the Earth (creates landforms and rock
An example is when
formation)
water comes in contact
3. Helps the rock cycle (Specifically the
with granite and the
sedimentary rock formation)
substance inside the
granite called feldspar
reacts with the water to
form clay. Clay has a
PREPARED BY:
weak structure and more
JAYSON K. LATADE
prone to breaking