Indiana to so you spent the first start of the semester really digging in on the history of

development you guys have looked at the history of colonialism and the impact on Juno the
development of States across the world and we're going to dig into a new model that I'm going to
present today market and Civil Society model help you start to apply some analysis tools to
actual development case studies and we're just going to jump right into it and I'll illustrate that
for you guys so that you can start applying that and this section as we look at the mini what I call
actors which are really just a different players right in the development space and then as we
move into unit 3 you'll hopefully have some practice by then and using that model getting
familiar with that model and then applying it to the case studies that will really focus on for the
rest of the semester so let's just jump right in to the model here right as is the state the market and
Civil Society you can see that on the left here and really the state that's and and you can see the
top of this chart we got Primacy of what that means is really the orienting philosophy of these
three groups right to the state really over talking about here is their former government's so you
know for example the best way to think about this is who are these who are the states
accountable to write their accountable to the citizens multiple States right basic solution
citizenship Theory and we'll jump into some of this in a moment a little deeper but you know
you guys are all citizens of most of you probably are citizens of the United States and you're also
those you know citizens of the State of Florida right and so that comes with obligations you
know and in some countries right all the way up to you no mandatory military service you give
up certain certain rights and in exchange for that you know your example depending on the
country maybe that's Healthcare or social security or 6 social protections and these are usually
constituted by borders right and governments usually manage States so you got markets which is
really the private sector is what we're talking about there right that's the that's the space where
resources are traded we're really the goods that were talking about the types of goods that were
talking about our private Goods that are exchanged and typically this is businesses and
corporations that were talking about that are that are exchanging these Goods remediating these
transactions and you know this is really you know in terms of accountability another private
sector with the state we interact with this thing's everyday but sir was actually called the quote-
unquote third sector are these Civic groups and Indus is fairly new and the study of you know
Development actors or our governance actors right but these are anything from ngos and
nonprofits to church groups faith-based groups religious groups labor unions and then social
movements even can be considered Civil Society groups cities are these are civil society is the
space and which individuals and ultimately Civil Society organizations like the ones I just
mention spring up and and the priority here is social good right so they're advancing some sort of
an agenda and of the primary reason did that someone would join the civil society group is to
advance some sort of some sort of social resource social write something in their community and
the way that people do that is through different organizations. Like the ones that I just listed and
ended things that the glue that holds these organizations together these groups together is his sort
of the the the mission whatever drove social agenda is is on the table there so they're much more
mission-driven groups than the than the prior to Witcher much more formal maybe more broadly
than the former two but these three groups interact in these very interesting ways in in in were
really all part of you know we we interact with these three spaces on a daily basis all of us do
right and so this is what we're going to get into the Dynamics of governance for a minute here
you know the state's job right is to provide resources for its citizens the market creates
opportunities and Civil Society mobilizes people right handed dissipation when you put this in
the development contacts on some interesting things come out and there's overlapping roles and
responsibilities that can emerge so for example let's take the state as you guys have studied
development you know in East Asia for example we've really seen some remarkable things in the
development space we're actually this occurred at 10% over the last 30 years we've seen many
countries in East Asia Ali grow quite a bit actually quite a lot of poverty reduction and many
attribute this to What's called the development state right which is really a type of State the type
of government that is frankly really pretty centralized and it's and it's control of power and
Minnie called the East Asian States for the East Asian Tigers roster of alluding to the fact that
there's a lot of power that's Consolidated in the central government right it's actually not that
Democratic but what it enables that the states to do is to push policy agenda it's fairly uniform
and decisions are made quicker and so much of the success actually I'm here we see that play out
and instantly China for example certainly Temple in South Korea and Japan enter this is one
model of estate estate setting policy another example is a neoliberal state which would be a state
deregulates we've seen this certainly with but you know deregulation of State control over
resources and so privatization of public goods for example neoliberal States as you read about
structural adjustment policies in the eighties and nineties of the World Bank and the IMF these
for the neoliberalization of States came came to play a huge role and in development State
oriented model to a neoliberal state dad says there's institutions that International financial
institutions pushed more privatization you actually saw on States flex and adjust their model of
governance and and that's significant and in fact we know that now that the neoliberal state hasn't
really worth it's actually driven you know American Africa but it's it's the roll this this interaction
between the market and the state actually that can explain a lot of this right so we move down to
the market and we see the unit with the Washington consensus is I just mentioned and structural
adjustment policies private-sector the market was advocating for Via International institutions
like the IMF and the World Bank and what we see is actually a a reorientation of governance at
the state level so this is huge right so that's sort of the market competing with the state and and
sort of this space in between those two so that's a really good example of how the market has a
macro-level course influenced State policy at actually just the very structure of the modern
nation-state so that's huge right and another example here though sort of on the flip side is civil
society organizations somewhere in Democratic Republic of Congo is it is a good example
they're huge basically cities full of refugees and many organizations nonprofit organizations ngos
comment and provide resources right provide many of the things that and these are oftentimes
failed States right where service it organizations are coming in and and you know in many ways
people have stronger citizenship ties in nmds 2202 ninjio right or nonprofit who's providing food
shelter basic resources on an infected a voice in their Community stronger relationships in terms
of citizenship really significant thinking about Civil Society organization in Conflict areas hey
there's contested space there right where loyalty loyalty has become very contested in in in in in
does a complicated relationship another relationship to the to the state would be civil society
organizations Serta advocating for new policies in actually a good example of Desitin will look
at this is the privatization of and Olivia and where say organizations social movements came in
and actually rose up against market-based policies at the state level so you get and that's an
example where all three of these modes of governance are our sort of competing over certain
issues so sort of you no way to think about this as you pick an issue that's going on and then you
look at all the different actors all the different players who are concerned about that issue of have
power to change that issue Andy's overlapping ways so perhaps a little overly simplistic lot of
actors and not necessarily All actors fit into this model some of it called for you know sort of 1/4
area that I was here which might say private life so that's sort of family relationships Homelife
that sort of thing and they sort of cultural life as well and it doesn't really fit in this sort of tri-otic
model write these three three actors but reactor groups rather but on unit for the most part it can
help us explain some of the main Development actors and kind of where they fall and different
debates what's a useful tool just for thanking citizenship in this will help you think through for
example you know but I was just speaking about with with the state you know and in people's
allegiance to two different types of state two different types of States rather liberalism is is for
the first area that will look at it so that's you know that's all based on this notion of Rights vs.
obligations is focused around will Liberty's right sort of basic rights oftentimes around property
most Western States United States included the merchants of Western Europe are based around
two theories of liberal citizenship right obligations are less important than these models
Collective obligations arianism is his opposite individual rights aren't artizom to take Pilots C
compared to the obligations to the collective to the to the community right so that's that sort of
liberalism flipped and in the social well-being that's core priority for communitarian kind of way
of thinking social expansive democracy disconnects playing a lot of the social wealth welfare
states that you see and Northern Europe Norway's and it's the sense of trying to increase the
amount of participation so it's still there still sore you know individual rights that are that are
holding weight but you're trying to balance those but with the obligation to have participation in
true democracy right even though you might never fully achieved at a realize this you're you're
constantly trying to balance the collective obligation to take care of every citizen and inserted the
basic needs if you will with this notion of trying to maximize individual liberties so these are just
for the three ways of looking at citizenship and and you can as well apply these actually to
people's loyalties you know tutiven brands for those of you who looked at near me Klein's no
logo movie for our first assignment and you can also apply these and in many ways to examples
like the one I just mention with ngos and enter new forms of citizenship and loyalty to nonprofits
in many cases so putting all of this in the context of globalization which is why you're going to
be reading about Michael text I'm internationally really what the state market and Civil Society
organizations are doing their mediating this process of integration or in some cases isolation right
so and total isolation is policies you take a state like North Korea right there's not a lot of
international integration going on there right and the cause of that really is state-led policy by a
very strong centralized event that decision of the state act that way you actually really aren't
seeing some of the effects of you know international trade in North Korea that you are another
country's great so it's it's a it's a cutting off that it's an isolationist policy I'm so they're mediating
globalization actually reducing the amount of globalization trade agreements like NAFTA for
example between the North American countries that was put in place by a climbing in the 90s
that's opening up is this quote-unquote free-trade process and so that's actually more goods are
Crossing Borders it's opening up trade by the way that that was structured it actually you know
begs the question of who benefits from immigration right so if you look at just just trained and
finances yeah there's there's more cash flow right across borders who's benefiting from that
probably mostly you know Goodwill corporations and so you have to ask yourself who benefits
from the cinegration it's at the workers themselves or is that the corporations that are driving this
the prophets and and what's the balance between you know the the public sector of the state the
market and in-house Civil Society in a sort of trying to play this balancing roll in between deeper
with NASA and you take a different issue so not financed for example and you say okay just
have to increased for example immigration it's actually decreased immigration there less people
across borders because of stricter immigration laws so you know there's actually been a decrease
in globalization from their perspective of emigration when it comes to after so you have to really
dig deep and you may and you know you maybe seeing globalization rise and one area but as a
result that actually decreases in another I'm so it's very context-specific so you really have to
look at a case-by-case and again that's that's why we're going to be looking at case studies we
just mentioned you know trade agreements and and NAFTA the informal economy right on so
back to the state and instead of what it what is the primary in a really responsibility of the
citizens of the state and its really paying your taxes in many cases estate like India where as you
can see down here over half of India's economy is informal and that what that means is that you
know these are people working sort of off-the-books and what's called The Shadow economy
and many cases and what that means is it you know Indian government isn't collecting taxes on
this employment informal economy is a percentage of non-farm employment always at 84% and
India and so that means there's a lot of a lot of the economy that's functioning you know within
on actually mediated primarily by the Civil Society organizations and yeah the market but you
noticed this forms interesting bonds between Did Han Solo Society really with the government
of any of the state not even really knowing what's going on and certainly not benefiting from it
economically so that there's some through some interesting alliances here between Civil Society
organizations and and groups so say a religious group or community group and the market and
the government is completely excluded borders this is very different economic picture then
what's what happens in the United States where we have the majority economy happening on the
books right and so that that forms different relationships different social bonds rain another area
where there's just two to illustrate some overlap between these these three actor actor groups is
on natural resources and water rights and Bolivia and there's another charges to illustrate the
low-income countries and the proportion of economic activity to on the percentage of GDP, and
some countries it's it's massive but just to get back to the bludgeon example to the 1999 under
course zacian lease to a subsidiary of the best tell Corporation big international corporation and
gave control private control of the water rights many people consider water a human right I only
access to to water and in basic resources so you're privatizing actually what is traditionally
considered a public right and I was part of people citizenship to to a country and so of course
people revolted and you saw how many social movements many Civil Society organizations fly
rock band and protest like the one you see below here and you know this caused many people to
you know and so we're going to be looking at this a little bit later in this unit but you know this is
this is one of those areas where you you've got another government adoption this sort of
neoliberal model of governance you know where their privatizing what was formerly a public
right and then you corporations and private gaining power within you got Civil Society
organizations revolting against policing and intuitive raising a red flag at this and so they're
they're accountability issues here their power issues here and this is a really complex one but just
to show you that you really have to look at this case-by-case I'm it's about the interplay between
these actors and once you kind of figure out whose and what group and you get comfortable
thinking in these terms of you know the state the market and civil society and what's the right
balance a more complex picture in it and it is just a tool to help you guys and a organize your
thinking around some of these really complex issues and at the end of the day it really depends
on what is you were looking at and from what perspective were looking at and you know the end
of the day the question I would have you guys ask yourselves is who benefits from globalization
why are they benefiting from globalization and really try to take an objective view of these
things and and analyze it on face value but this is just a tool for you and I hope you use it well so
again the state and market and Civil Society I have questions about this email feel free to drop
me a line and and will help you through it but looking forward to working with you through this
unit take care