JEE Syllabus Basic Concepts Types of Problems Answers to exercises Concepts & Formulae at a Glance Solved Problems Assignment Problems Answers to Assignment ProblemsLet y = fix) and y = f(x) be two given curves, which are continuous in (a, b]. Suppose we have to find the area of the plain region bounded by the two curves y = f;(x) and y = f2(x) between the ordinates x= a andx =b (i.e. the area of the region A,B,C,D;). For this purpose we take an elemental strip ABCD of width dx and height AD (or BC). Clearly AD = BC = f(x) ~ f(x). Now the area of this strip, dA = (f;(x)~fotx)}dx Thus the required area, 4 A= [ (6,00 ~ f,00)ax Remarks: 4 IPF Ge) 2 fale) Wx © fab} then A= | (fx) —fa(a)) ax. 2 2 a fix) ffx) Vx e [a,b] then A= f(f,00-f(x))de. = iff) > fox) Vx € [a,c] and f(x) s fa{x) VX fe, b]. then * » ES Feo toto) ax J febo- f(s) de. a = We can finally conclude that the area bounded by the two curves between b xeaandx = bie Jtcuve lying above-curve lying below}dx. =Similarty [(ty)~f(y)}dy would give us the area bounded by the curves x = fily) and x = foly) between the lines y = c and y =. ‘We know the method(s) of finding areas of triangle, quadrilateral, polygon, circle etc, In this chapter we shall learn how to find the area of the regions bounded by curves of the following types. Type I: y = f(x), the x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b where f is a continuous function in [a, b] Type Il: The curves y = f,(x), x < (a, ¢), ¥ = fe(x), x € (¢, b), the x-axis and the lines X=a,xX=bia 0 =: x =1 is point of minima 4 3 Required area (A) = { x(3—x)'dx = [ (9x -6x" +x" p= (st 81) (9 A=|—-54+—|-)=- la of) § Mustration 2 Find the area of ane of the loops of |y| = |sin x|. Solution: ¥ We have the given curve Iv = [sin x] Required area = 2 sinx dx a (0,0) = 2(—cosx)} = (ii) The area bounded by y= f(x) below the x-axis and oie x=b the ordinates x = a and x = b (represented by the shaded portion) is given. by i & » freon! or Jif(eo]ax or by =| tooax ” iustration 3. Find the area bourrded by the curve y = 7 and the lines x=—1, x= 2and the x-axis. Solution: Required area ) Box Df “Sree| -in(t+22 +in(1+ ey =In 2+ In 5 =In 10. (0) (2,0) X (ii) if the curve y = f(x) crosses the x-axis at the points ay, az,....2m, where a < a; < a < .. < a, < b, then the area bounded by y = f(x), x =a, x= b and x- axis is given by { to a, b J f(x}dx) la iy rove FITTJEE ted, RITTER Nowse,29-A, Kalu Saral, Sarvapriya Vihar, : Mar, New Delhi -180 036, Ph 46106000, 26560683," RSM—~1315-P5_MA-Arg Mustration 4. 7 Find the area bounded by the parabola y’ = 4x and the straight line x + y = 3. Solution: * The line x + y = 3 cuts the x-axis at (3, 0) and the y-axis at (0, 3). Also, the given curve is y*= 4x. Solving fer y, we get y= 4 (3-y) = y=-6,2 3 The required area = Jo - x, )dy aT - flie-n- el af 2 64 plleeara Ge units (iv) The area bounded by x = f(y), on the right of y-axis, y-axis and the abscissa y = a and y = b (represented by the shaded portion} is given by ! xdy.. If the area a completely lies on the left of y-axis then the required iP | b b area = [>a = iay- -[xdy Wlustration 5, Calculate the area bounded by y = x" on the left of y-axis, the y-axis and the lines y =1, ya Solution: las 14 ¥| = 58-1) =% 59, units. The required area = 3 hee If -se Find the area enclosed by |x| + |y| = 4. Find the area of the region bounded by C: y = tanx, tangent drawn to C at| x = 2/4 and the x-axis. Find the area bounded by y’ = 4ax and the tangents at the ends of its latus rectum. Calculate the area hounded by the curve y(y— 4) = x and the y-axis. Find the point P on the parabola y’ = 4ax such that area bounded by the parabola, the x-axis and the tangent at P is equal to th parabola, the x-axis and the normal at P.RSM~1315-P5-MA-Area Type il: ‘The area of the shaded portion is given by ‘ b Jheode + Jt20)0«, where x= cis a solution of a ° fi) = hbo, as e 2 —cos"x = cos”'x = 2cos'x = 12 = 00s" = wld oye v2 The required area fe 4 AS J sit xc + cos xd 0 Wz a use ‘ Et J col dx +[xcos"' x] 0 a ¥ diem ) os = |—=sin"—-0]- cos cos Ganeee 7 Put x = sin@ = dx = cos0 de x=0, 8 xa tiv2, a= a4 x=t, O= W2 = The required area 1 een eet a) ee at ds(o-a} | ane l4 a2 [AL = [eose]", -[54), 14 ‘(3 a) Mustration 7. Find the area of the region defined by the set S = S;-S,- S;, where S,=; Spal, yi Bx?+ ¥' £2} and SeH{(x Ye ery sd. TIDE Tass FLTORE Mowe 35°A, Kalu Surah Sarvapriya Vibar Mem Delhi 110 016, Ph 46105000, 265Solution: x a6 Set 4 Here S)= + F Siete et 2 Ssex'ty's2 One of the paints of intersection af =tand x42 =4is 2 ee symmetry the shaded area i.e. S = S;— 5, -Szis (Ze 8))- = 2n— 42 sin ‘fee Ulustration 8. Find the area hounded by the curves x= y" and x= 3-2y", Solution: The vertices of the parabolas x = y’ and x = 3— 2y? are respectively © (0, 0) and M (3, 0). Thus given curves intersect at (1, 1) and (1, -1). So the SOSA MG, 0) = area(OPMQO) = 2 area (OPMO) =f fn fF Z [20] Hale wre =2{2-0 (0-257 al De an! ) 2e-Baa sq. units Mustration 9. Find the area bounded by the curve |x| + y = 1 and the x-axis. Solution: The given curve is |x| + y= 1 FITTDEE Lee, FIRE Mouse, 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, Mew Delhi -110 018, Ph 4641 Website : www.fitjee.comhe. y= 41, when x20 and =x +y= 41, when x <0 The required area & oo ue) area (QABO) = Jvers [de ' 1 BULO = Oct s [erode 3 oes 5a Eaale Obviously, y= 1 |x| is.an even function. Hence graph of y = 1 [x] is symmetrical about the y-axis. = t sq. unit. Note: i Thus the required area = 2fo- x)dx. ° Mustration 10. Find the area bounded by y= (x— 1}(x = 2)(x— 3), the x-axis, 1 y = -4 and y = 2 Required area = Area OABCO = af, xay af xdy 2 a = 2] Bydy + 2, e-yedy pee ie =2e oy 12.2 fe? 2 2 Mlustration 12. Find the area enclosed by the parabola y = 2— x° and the straight line x + y = 0. Solution: Solving y = 2—x’ andx+y=0 = xP=x- 220 > (xt 1)(x-2)=0 Se | Required Area = fe x? + x}dx llustration 13. Find the area bounded by y= x— 1 and (y~ 1)" = 4{x + 1). Solution: Eliminating ‘y’, we get the points of intersection of the curve with the straight line. se -2P =4 + =x’ =8x=0 =x=0,8 ya? i.e. points of intersection are L{0, -1) and M(8, 7) the vertex of the parabola is at the point (—1, 1), The line cuts the axes at (0, -1) and (1, 0). FITTIEE tte, FITTER Mouse, 29-4, Kalu a axis, of y = f(x) and y = f(x) are both, f(z) is above the x-axis and y = fo(x) is below ee as. fon formula (*) works. is, Find the area of smaller part. (va, 0) x a2RSM-1315-P5_MA_Area 9 1 The required area = araa(AMLA)= [ (x, — x») dy <[lovn- [xe iy “|| 12 4 Mustration 14, i 5 Find ihe area enclosed by the ragion formed by xt ty’ 6x -dy +12 $0, y xx and x= >. Solution: ‘The area enclosed by the curve is as shown x+y? Gx — ay 44 = (y-2)? + (x-3)'=1 =y-2= ) Sy-2=- fifa [since y < 5/2] 2-2 ees Required Area = ne of trapezium ABCDE- Area ABCE . = 32-3) f ~ 1-3) ae 358) xa Jon ‘3 illustration 15. Find the area of the region enclosed by the curves y = exinx and y =""* ex Solution: The two curves intersect where sx lee = (ex-Z}nx=0 ex = x= tle ofx=1 (Inx is nat defined for x = —1/e) At x= tle or ex=1 = (tie, —1) is one point of intersection and at x = 4, Int=0,y=0 = (1, 0) is the other common paint of the curves. FIITIEE Ltd, FIITIEE House, 25-4, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vitor, Mew Delhi -110 01 7 ais 6, Ph 46106000,The requited area= f(y, ~¥2)dx 1 1 Inx |, 41 Iinx = pn aoe se —dx= Inxd: J oe eel [a Sl) dx ale lnxde 4 ey anced 1 2 logx > | pp(loax i plone a] 2 3 oH 8 oo units, = eon 1 m9 Sata) Wlustration 16. Find the smaller area enclosed by y tx tim | 4 +1) =, and the circle x'+ y= 2 above the x-axis, Pallas (x), when f(x) is a polynomial of least degree satisfying Solution: Since tim ( x0 Thus f(x) = ayx‘tasx+- + ax", ane 0,no4. ‘Since f(x) is of least degree, f(x) = ax". Given that Sy We ae im[tsca |. sezetze = a= 151%) = The graph of y =x‘ and x"+ y"= 2 are shown below. The point A = (1, 1). 1 The required area = afc x — x4 dc 4 Find the area bounded by the curves y = log.x and x = 2y - y' and the lines’ y=0,y=2 Find the area bounded by the curves y =x" + 1 andx + y= in what ratio does the x-axis divide the area of the region bounded by the! parabolas y = 4x — x and y= x" x. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y= 5—x? andy =|x-1). Find the area between the curves y = x’ + x -2 and. ich |x’ + x-2] +] 2x| =) + 3x -2| Is satisfied.RSM~1315-P5-MA., i Type iv: In this type we consider those cases, when the function is not given explicitly. Functions representing the curves are to ba obtained er formulated from the given condition. This Is illustrated by the following example Mustration 17. Saiution: Required area = Area ABCA = Fe nans [ie ex Mustration 18, Let f(x) curve y = f(x), x-axis, x= Oand x= 1. Solution: First we draw the graph of y =x", y=(1—x)* and y = 2x(1 —x) for 0 a (a is constant). Find ane such 13) Solution: [irda = Differentiating wrt. ‘b’ we get, f(b) x = fh)=t-— vx? Eames Let f(x) = max(x, x’) x © R. Calculate the area bounded by the curves y = f(x) and the x-axis between the ordinates x =—1 and x = 1. Find the area enclosed by the curve y= 2" and max||x\, |y|} =1. Find the add function f(x} such that the area bounded by the x-axis, the curve) y= fix) and the lines x = t and x = tis equal to In (f* + 1), ¥t20. Let f(x) = max{sinx, cosx, 1/2}, then determine the area of the region bounded] by the curve y = f(x), x-axis, y-axis and x = 2x. sora Viner New Delhi 10 016, Ph TIVTIEE tea, PIPIEE Mouse 29-8 Nate Sora Sarenetiye Pa ass08000,rcise 1, @)—— 28q,. units ae (iil 3 St units ©) (a, 24/8) and (8a, -2a.J3 ) Exercise 2. ti) 41 8q. unit (il) 3-8q. units Exercise 3, 3.4 wo ing g Units (iil) wt (v) i sq, mits Exercise 4. 2 sq, units 1) + i) (iv) ) (w) (ii) ™ iy = (¥) (ne + 3] ‘sq. units (2- V2) sq. units 22 sq. units Sn-2 its ( Ee Stay 39. units (2+) 8q, Units. TIITJED tad), FITTIEE House, 29-A, Kala Sorat, Servapriya Vihar, Weve Delbi-110 056, Fh 46106000, fitisescomSERENE CONCEPT FORMULAATGIANCE = ye X-aKIS = ‘The area bounded by the continuous curve y = f0) above the y= the) ‘and the ordinates at x = a and x = bis given by 4 A= [t(xpax Jae itis represented by the shaded portion in the graph- If the area is below the x - axis, then A is negative. The convention is to consider the magnitude only A- [rv if in general, the curve y = f(x) crosses the x - axis @ number of times, then the area biw the curve y = fx) ‘on the x - axis and the ordinates x = a and x = bis given by A= Ail + 1Az [IAs 2 [Fax Reco Frceaxl- a | = frogoe feos f etme a x Es The area bounded by the continuous curve a x= gly), the y axis and the line y=c and y = dis a d yed given by | xdy = fotyoy c c > set yee 3 x = Y The area bounded by the curves x = a, x = b(a =, eg. y= Ps eoang 8a" Buty= aa Syo0asxotn.RSM-1315-P5-MA_Are: Be eee ae SOLVED PROBLEMS | Subjective : SR Problem 1 2 Find the area of the figure bounded by the parabola (y — 2 point with ordinate 3 and the x-axis. = x-1, the tangent fo it at the Solution: The equation (y — 2)' = x — 1 represents a parabola havin! ‘The paint P on this parabola with ordinate 3 has abscissa X= 14 (y—2)? =2, then P= (2, 3) (v-2f=x-1 => Ay = ae sis g vertex at A(1, 2) and axis as y = 2, ay} eet axh2, 3) 2 Thus equation of tangent at P is given by y-3= 3 2) >x-2y+4=0 The region, of which area is to be found is shown by shaded portian. We have to find the Area(EOBAPCE) Cis the point of intersection of x - 2y + 4 = Oand y-axis = C= (0,2). Obviously D = (0, 3). The required area = area(OBAPDO)-area(APCD)+area(4EOC) _2} b=?) feris8 sq. units 3 = fly Df Joy —prtx2+ bx2n ae be a Problem 2. Find the area bounded by y = and y = 7 — |x. Solution: l4—x? = (1) Loa y=?-h a2) Rewriting (1) and (2) Axe -2 O-and — <2. Solution: ‘Case-|: If ; O => logyx < 1 Case(a) ifOx>y also log,x > O=>x<1 = we have Oy -AA) Case(b): If y> 1. Sologx 0 => x > 1 which contradicts our assumption. Cased: If 1 0 = log,x> 1 Case(ay: HO i=x 0 = x < 1 which contradicts our assumption GCasetb): I'y > 1 Sologx> 1x>y Also log,x > O=> x >1 Sowe have 11andx>y (8) ‘Thus we conclude P(x, y) will lie in the region Satisfying (A) and (B). So the region of P(x, y) is shawn in the figure. ‘Thus the area of the shaded region is é sq. units. Problem 5, Fe divides the circle foo 35 Find the ratio of the areas in which the curva y = x +P — ax -+ 2y + 1 =0. ({ J denotes the greatest integer function). Solution: Cirele is x? + y? — 4x + 2y41=0 Or, (x-2P +t ifede2? (i) Now forO=x <4 ose XS +20 100 35 100 35| So, we have to find aut the ratio in which x axis divides the circle (i). Now, at x axis, y = 0 So, (x-2)?= So, it cuts the x axis at points (2 — ( 3, 0) and (2 + 13, 0) Fy tt=d M(x) =O for Osx 54 Let A= ae Jaa (x2 1 u ae 243 = 4x-3y3 rad ratio is ——— The required ratio i FA Be 3 Problem 6. Let A, be the area bounded by y = tan” x, x=0, y=0 and x= n/4. Prove that perth i os z Qo At Aaa" TF 10 omen oeRSM-1315_P5_MA-Aroa Solution: mA (Obviously A, = i tan” xox a ue Anta = J (Qan” sats tan? x dx aia =| (tan? x sec? x)dx -[e 2gt ay © oouy ee nee toni fous). Thus 2A, =A, +A, < Ant An= a {by part (ij) Thus A, < — mn ae e AISO 2 Aa =A Ay? Ay +Anz =, repiacing n by n#2 in () lia 2(n+4) coe Fram (A) and (6), we ott ay ax=4,x=0 x=4la => y=4i.e, Alala, 4) Similarly for y* = 4ax and y = x/a, 2 x ea dax —> x= da? = B(4a’, 4a") ata a 4 Area (OAB)= [ [ax-Z}ses a Problem 8: Let f be a real valued function satisfying 42 iF 1) Vand in area bounded by the curve y = I(x), the y-axis and the line y = 3. deity =3. Find the aa Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi -£i0°016, Ph 40106000, TOSEB483, THIET owns at Sua "20 RSM1315-P5-MA-Area Solution: Spey Given (2) = fhe) - fy) putting x= y = 1, we get f(1) = 0 Now, f(x) = eee mb 3 =F) ae fix) = 3 nx +6 Putting x =1 = c =O => {x)= 3inx =y (say) 3 4 Required area = Joy = jevay=3[er"] 3(e — 0) = 3e sq. units. a Problem 9. Consider 4 square with vertices at (1, 1), (1, 1), (-1,-1) and (1, 1). Let S be the region consisting of all points inside the square which are nearer ta the origin than to any edge. Sketch the region S and find its area. Solution: Consider any point inside the square such that its distance from origin < its distance from any of the edges say AD. or x ty? s 1-x w@t si - okt => yrs1- 2% ay¥s-2[x-4) a Which represents points lying inside the parabola. Now, consider edge BC, ay s2\x+4) (2) Similarly, for edges AB and CD, we have te-ay-3| cai 1 ne | 3] (4) wot a{ye! ® + § consists of region bounded by 4 parabolas with vertices at (24. 0] and ( a + shown in figure Lis point of intersection of (1) and (3), we get. L= (J2-1, 2-1) Total area = 4) ere having side (joa WF 1 FITJEE Ltd, FLITIEE Mouse, 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi -110 O16, Ph. Ty resis a, Pr a6106000,RSM~1315-P5-MA-Aroa zB 162-20 a, : sli “ifs j Ite Problem 10. ( 2 y et (a > Db), the line Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve x and the positive x-axis. Solution: 2 since & ¥ Sear a The major and minor axes are respectively x — y = 0 and x + y=0. Let us change our axes in a system in which the axes are x = 0 andy = @ instead of andx+y=0 Required Area = (arAOA‘A") + ar(A"A'B‘A”) y es ete le) 2\ at eb? =i a tan tosObject Problem 1, The curve 3y~¥ cuts the y-axis into two points P and Q. Then the area enclosed by the y-axis and the portion of the curve which lies between P and Q is (A) 20 sq. units (8) 18 sq. units (C) 17 sq. units {D) none of these Solution: Required area = J xy 4 : fl 3y ~y? )dy 5 =20. ini g ° units. Hence (0) is the correct answer. Problem 2 The area defined by [x}+[y=1. <1 =-1 bisx4 inet Area = 4 Hence (C) is the correct answer. Problem 6. he area bounded by y = cos”(sinx) and y = sin“(sinx) on the interval [0 ais a Ore 2 ® A> {(D) none of theseSolution: cos"'(sin x) Hence (A) is the correct answer. Problem 7. The area bounded by the curves y = ee x a andy =r aie 2 x (A) e%/2 wee ee ot Solution: yan" Iny = inx=1 when Inx Oi ink x#4,x>0 >yze Hence the required area = Henea (B) is the correct answer. Problem 8. The area defined ty 1 =|x—2|+|y+ 1| <2is (Ay2 (a4 (Cpé (D) none of these Solution: i Putx-2=X,y+1=¥ Then the required region is defined by 1< [x +I¥is2 Required area = (2/2 F — (v2 * =8-2=6. Hence (C) is the correct answer. Problem 9. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = eae ety 1+ (tan x)" ordinates x= 16 and x= W/3is (A) af4 (8) 22 (C) 8 (D) none of these Wikar, Mew Dati st FICE Lea, FHITZEE Howse, 29-4, Kalu Seral, Saresprirs ‘Delbd 118 016, PB.Solution: Cos"'(sin x) = F — sin (sin x) i x Osx<% sin"'(sin x) = 2 R=, Eexsn Hence (A) is the correct answer, Problem 7, RSM—1315-P5-MA-Aren The area bounded by the curves y= [t+ * ee andy =|v— ols ae le (Al e'v2 ee (C) 2e* ra Solution: yan" Inys Inxs 1 when inxe Die, Inx x21,x>0 =y=e Hence the required area =e” Hence (B} is the correct answer. Problem 8. The area defined by 1 <|x-2)+ y+ 1| <2i8 (Ay2 (B)4 (c6 (D) none of these Y Solution: Putx-2=X,y+1=¥ Then the required region Is defined by 1s |x+IV|52 Required area = (2v2 °— (v2 =8-2=6. Hence (C) is the correct answer. Problem 9. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = ordinates x= x6 and x= wis (A) 3/4 (C) #8 (B) w2 (D) none of these j 4+ (tan x) and the x-axis between theSolution: 1 az ‘The given curve is y= ——1 __ + (tans) eer) (sinx}"? + (cos x)" Area bounded between the intervals x = 1/6 oe (cos x)" and x= 5/3 is givenbyA = [| ———="! __ awe + (cos x)!” ng Fe Absa: As (ee cig (sin x)" + (co8x)"” 23 Adding 2A= [ dx A= 1|= a le #50. units 28 Hence (D) is the correct answer. =[2 x Problem 10. The area bounded by \ = — 4x, and its latus—rectum is (A) 8/3:sq. units (8) 1 sq. units pga (C) 2/3 sq. units (D) A= af{-1\ a Solution: ¥ 2 The required area = 2) -axdx| 5 312) oO ® 2{-4x) =[fo-(ay? 1 = 2 $e" | ocr] =$. cue Now, wrt y, the area enclosed can be calculated as 2 A= | [aoty)-aw)]ev 4 2 +9 which is an even function in y iA =a 25} Hence (A), (D) are the correct answers. Problem 11. The area enclosed by the parabola ay = 3{a*=7) and the x- axis is 73 43 2 (A) Bo eer @ as ax sq. (C) 6a” sq. units (D) 42° sq. units TITIEE bea, FIFIIEE House, 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapelya Vihads Mew Delhi -110 016, Ph 46