DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

LEMBAGA MKU - SOSIOTEKNOLOGI

FAKULTAS SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN – ITB
JALAN GANESA NO. 10 TELP. 2508145-BANDUNG

TPB FINAL TEST

SECOND SEMESTER 2020/2021

SUBJECT : ENGLISH / KU-1024 CRITICAL READING

DATE : TUESDAY, 24 MAY 2021
TIME : 09.00-11.00 (INCL SUMBISSION TIME)

NOTE: Uses of Google translate, Grammarly, Quillbot, etc. are not allowed and may be taken into
consideration in the SCORING process.
INSTRUCTION:

1. Read the 2 (two) texts below and choose ONE (1) to write a summary-analysis/response
essay of approx. 400 words.
2. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how your response presents
your critical thinking in the form of claims/opinions/arguments, well supported by sufficient
and appropriate reasons/backings.
3. Your analysis MAY follow the General Form for Summary Analysis below.

Introduction:
Name of author (anonymous, if none)
Title of article (and source of article)
Major points to be analyzed (short summary)
Your THESIS
Body Paragraph (s):
Major point to be analyzed
Direct quotes from the article (optional)
Your topic sentence which states agreement or disagreement with the point
Your proofs: facts, examples, description, personal experiences, etc.
Conclusion:
Perhaps only one sentence
Probably an opinion which you have proved within your essay
4. You will have only 90 minutes to complete the task. (Please pay attention to your computer clock)
How to submit your answer to Edunex:
1. Please use the provided answer sheet in the file to write your answer.
2. After you finish the task, transfer (copy-paste) your answer into the answer box provided in the system
(Edunex).
3. Please also upload your file to the system (the format should be in Microsoft words (.Doc/.Docx)
(Note: Step 2 and 3 are the same as if you are sending an email + attachment (direct answer + answer
sheet file put in the system)
4. Make sure you have checked all your answers and uploaded your file before you press the submit button
(you cannot change/edit your answer/file anymore after you click the submit button)
5. Choose the submit button for submission.
DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
LEMBAGA MKU - SOSIOTEKNOLOGI
FAKULTAS SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN – ITB
JALAN GANESA NO. 10 TELP. 2508145-BANDUNG

TEXT 1:

College students’ mental health: it will not improve by

itself
By Leah Mensch,
(Adapted from https://pittnews.com)

A 2018 survey reports one in five college students has ever had  suicidal thoughts. Had someone told me
this when I was preparing to start my first year at Pittsburgh University, I would have been perplexed. Yet,
as I prepare for the start of my senior year, I can say without a doubt that, if anything, the number of
students considering suicide is probably underreported. Suicide is indeed just the tip of the iceberg.

Colleges are facing a mental health crisis. This is to say — if you have never experienced mental health
issues, you probably will in college. If you are already experiencing mental health issues, moving to
campus will not fix them, and moving to campus will not make them better — no matter how ideal the
independent, adult life in college seems. You cannot enter a major life transition period and expect that to
cure constant stress and dysfunction of brain chemistry. If you do not actively treat your mental health
issues, they will not get better on their own. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college
students. I am not saying this to scare you, but I am saying this because you need to be prepared for the
challenges you are going to face during your time at college. You need to equip yourself with the best
resources possible to succeed.

Universities are petri dishes for mental illness, and it is not just depression rates that are astronomically
high. Eating disorders run rampant, and on top of pressure to look a certain way, studies show that people
between the ages of 18 and 21 are most susceptible to developing an eating-related mental illness. Recent
studies suggest that as many as 20% of college-aged students who identify as women could have an eating
disorder. More than a fourth of students reported that they experienced debilitating anxiety in a 2017
survey. Other health conditions — like bipolar disorder — also typically begin to appear in the late teens
and early 20s.

The various life stressors college students face do not help the onset of these conditions. General
academic stress is one of the main factors that plays into declining mental health and, luckily, there are
ways to manage stress on campus — time management, exercise and goal-setting, to name a few. There
are, however, other stressors that are harder to manage, such as parental pressure, the shock of sudden
independence and financial burdens. Reports show that 69% of students have to take out loans to pay for
their education, and from a public university like Pittsburgh University, the average student graduates
with an average debt of more than $25,000.

Scientists generally agree that stress catalyzes the onset of mental health issues. This means, for example,
a student could be genetically predisposed to a condition like depression or bulimia but not begin to
actually suffer from the illness — or else experience worsened symptoms — until they face major sources
of stress in their lives. This is part of what makes untreated stress threatening to mental health.

Some students might be lucky enough to avoid some of these stressors, but as a full-time or even part-
time student, there is just no way to completely avoid all stress factors. Instead of trying to avoid or ignore
stress, students need to find ways to mitigate stress. And stress management such as exercise is great, but
it probably is not going to be sufficient in the long term. The good news is that there are ways to manage
stress and mental health, so long as you prepare and utilize them.

If you already work with a therapist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional at home, make plans
to continue working with them remotely when you move to Pitt. If you’d rather find a mental health
professional here, whom you can see face-to-face when public health allows, start doing your research
now. Ask for referrals if you would rather not see a therapist through the University Counseling Center.
Make sure the therapist takes your insurance and talk to them on the phone before classes start, so you
can make sure they are right for you. That way, when you move to another city, you will already have a
working relationship with them.

The Counseling Center also offers resources such as group therapy, psychiatry referrals for medication and
other health professionals — like dieticians — who might be of service to you while you settle into college
life. Never be afraid to use these resources. If you have concerns about your mental health in college, do
DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
LEMBAGA MKU - SOSIOTEKNOLOGI
FAKULTAS SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN – ITB
JALAN GANESA NO. 10 TELP. 2508145-BANDUNG

not ignore your gut. Talk to your doctor, your parents or anyone you trust about this. Make sure you have
someone who can check in on you at school. Do not let yourself get to a bad place before you start
seeking assistance.

You are not the exception. I say this most honestly, as someone who — three years ago —  thought they
were the exception. Many of my mental health issues were tied to living in the suburbs, but when I moved
to the city, they just manifested differently and more intensely. Because of this, I had to spend most of my
first-year commuting from home. It was what I needed to do back then, and I do not regret that year. I
have found a very happy place for myself at Pittsburgh university, and I have been fine ever since. Yet, I
wish I had listened to people when they told me I would not get better without taking actions like calling a
therapist and not ignoring stress factors. I could have gotten to this happy place far earlier.

If you start early, taking care of yourself before you feel like you are in dire need, you are likely going to be
able to manage stress perfectly fine. Mental health conditions that are treated early on have the best
prognosis. This is not to say that every day is going to be a breeze, but long term, you will likely be able to
function and do everything a college student wants to do.

College is hard, but college years are also when you meet some of your lifelong friends, where you have
the opportunity to study what you love and find interests you did not even know existed prior. There are
so many things you will not be able to control on campus, but one thing you can do is put yourself in the
best position possible to succeed. Be on the defense.

You will be all right — more than all right— but you have to be prepared for the challenges you’re going to
face.

TEXT 2:

Why ‘vaccine nationalism’ is harmful

Dr. Amir Khan
(Adapted from https://www.aljazeera.com)

The COVID-19 pandemic has already introduced new words and phrases that were rarely before used in
our common vernacular: “furlough”, “social distancing”, “flattening the curve”. Now there is a new phrase
in use among experts: “vaccine nationalism”.

Vaccine nationalism occurs when governments sign agreements with pharmaceutical manufacturers to
supply their own populations with vaccines ahead of them becoming available for other countries.
Wealthy countries have struck deals to buy more than two billion doses of coronavirus vaccine in a
scramble that could leave limited supplies in the coming year. Meanwhile, an international effort to
acquire vaccines for low- and middle-income countries is struggling to gain traction.

Even before many of the now-approved COVID-19 vaccinations had completed their clinical trials, wealthy
countries such as Britain, the US, Japan and the European bloc had procured several million doses of the
ones that seemed the most promising. As we have seen in the United Kingdom, it was a prudent move.
After a devastating death toll, millions of vulnerable people and front-line workers have been offered their
first dose of either the Pfizer or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Despite the political bickering, Europe will
soon follow suit and with a new president in place, the United States is prioritizing its own vaccine
program.

According to a new report, published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), the US has secured 800 million
doses of at least six vaccines in development, with an option to buy about one billion more. The UK has
purchased 340 million shots: approximately five doses for each citizen. Although, on the surface, it may
seem these countries have ordered more doses than they need, the truth is many of these orders were
put in during trial phases of the vaccines when they did not know for sure which vaccines would be
successful. Essentially, countries like the UK have put their eggs in several baskets, which has now proven
to be a good idea.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed its concerns about this and there are fears that such
unilateral deals with wealthy countries will make the vaccines inaccessible to those in some of the poorest
parts of the world. “We need to prevent vaccine nationalism,” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director
of WHO, wrote to member states on August 18, last year. “Whilst there is a wish amongst leaders to
DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
LEMBAGA MKU - SOSIOTEKNOLOGI
FAKULTAS SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN – ITB
JALAN GANESA NO. 10 TELP. 2508145-BANDUNG

protect their own people first, the response to this pandemic has to be collective.”

The concern over less wealthy countries not having access to a vaccine is a serious one, and it is
everyone’s problem. The pandemic is a global issue; we have already seen how quickly it can spread
around the world, bringing some of the most powerful economies to their knees.

If we were to vaccinate only those countries that bought up the majority of the supplies of the vaccine, it
would mean the virus would continue to rage in other non-vaccinated countries. And we have already
seen just how quickly and efficiently this virus can mutate when allowed to ravage unchecked through
populations anywhere.

The more people it infects, the more likely it is that further mutations will occur, and it is inevitable that an
“escape” mutation will eventually surface. This is a mutation that allows the virus to evade the immune
response set out by vaccinations, which could mean they become less effective in preventing serious
illness. The new mutation is then likely to become the dominant strain and will find its way back to our
shores, setting off a whole new set of infections in those vaccinated against only the old variants.

The pharmaceutical companies have said they can “tweak” their vaccines to combat any new variants that
may occur, but that may take time – something experience has taught us is vital when it comes to
containing a pandemic. We also do not yet know if the vaccines stop transmission of the virus – what we
do know is that they allow for a quicker immune response by those vaccinated, meaning less time for the
virus to potentially mutate inside of its host. For this reason, we need a more global response to this
pandemic.

Vaccine nationalism, therefore, is incredibly short-sighted. The alternative is a global vaccine program, and
this is what the WHO aims to do through COVAX, a global facility set up in April last year to speed up the
development of medicines to treat COVID-19 and make them available everywhere.

Set up alongside the Vaccine Alliance and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the
COVAX agenda is to provide innovative and equitable access to COVID-19 diagnostics, treatments, and
vaccines. So far, more than 170 countries have signed up to COVAX, including the UK and China. Its aim is
ambitious, but by working together, all countries that are part of COVAX are supposed to follow a plan for
fairly distributing the vaccine in order to prevent self-interested hoarding at a national level. This will help
ensure that even the poorest countries have access to vaccines while the wealthiest remain protected.

Some low- and middle-income countries, on the other hand, have struck advance-purchase deals
themselves. Brazil and Indonesia, for example, have agreements to buy millions of doses of vaccines that
are undergoing phase III trials in their countries. The Serum Institute of India (SII), a leading vaccine
manufacturer, signed a license with the University of Oxford to produce one billion doses of its vaccine per
year. The doses are intended for LMICS — including doses committed to COVAX — although SII has stated
that half the doses will go to India. Some observers say there is little to prevent the country’s government
from demanding more.

It is therefore reasonable to state that countries scrambling to be the first to inoculate their populations
will achieve little if others go unvaccinated as a result.
DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
LEMBAGA MKU - SOSIOTEKNOLOGI
FAKULTAS SENI RUPA DAN DESAIN – ITB
JALAN GANESA NO. 10 TELP. 2508145-BANDUNG

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