works at a difference of few moments, which help in proper combustion of charge

& provides us high power.

This system can also adjust idling speed as well can cut the fuel feed when
accelerator is released.

10.1.1 Advantages.

(i) Less vibration & noise

(ii) Because of low wear rate engine parts have long life.
(iii) Low specific fuel consumption.
(iv) Very low over heating.
(v) High thermal efficiency.
(vi) High compression ratio helps in better starting at low temperature.
(vii) Instantaneous burning of fuel because of large diameter of flame as it has
twin spark plug.

10.2 VVT Engines.

The variable valve timing is the process of altering the timing of valve lift
event & is used to improve fuel economy, emission & performance of engine. We
can use mechanical system, electro hydraulic system and also cam less mechanism
to achieve this.

Typical effect of timing adjustments

1. Late intake valve closing

Here VVT engine system holds the inlet valve open to a slightly longer extent,
which result the charge to run out of the cylinder in compression stroke. This charge
leaving the cylinder got accumulated in inlet manifold and increases the pressure
constant for a given engine & is about 5 to 7% of the total heat of engine at full load.
The dual fuel engine is capable of running on either gas or diesel oil or combination
of these two over a wide range of temperature rations.

Fig. 10.7: P-θ diagram for dual- fuel engine

Fig. shows the P-Q diagram for a dual-fuel engine working on different fuels.
It can be seen that transition from one fuel to another is quite smooth.

10.11.2 Combustion in Dual-fuel engines

The ignition of the gaseous fuel in a dual-fuel engine is effected by

introduction of a small amount of fuel in the form of a spray near top dead center.