sas nitq hiss l rind n biri kim (who), n

(what) 3 yer

r (Nouns)

Sad isiml r ltm isiml r kk b isiml r

(Simple nouns) (Derivative nouns) (Compound nouns)

Sad isiml r (Simple nouns) n ibar t olan isiml rdir.

tent ( ); lady ( ); oven (soba)

ltm isiml r (Derivative nouns) n ibar ri d

v son (suffix) olmaqla iki yer
payment ( ); meeting ( )
disadvantage (ziyan, z r r); unemployment ( )

kk b isiml r (Compound nouns) ad t n iki v sil

ya defisl
blackberry ( n); handbag ( )
cherry-tree ( ); mother-in-law (qaynana)
letter box ( ); car park ( )

Az rbaycan dilind d isiml r t kd v c md mini

ltm -s (-es) c lav tl , bu dild ki ks r isiml rin
c mi -s lav etm kl z lir.
a street streets ( l r)
a house houses (evl r)

Sonu - x, s, ss, sh, ch, tch h rf birl l ril bit n isiml r c md -es c bul edir.
a fox foxes ( r)
a bus buses (avtobuslar)
a glass glasses (st kanlar)
a brush brushes ( )
a church churches (kils l r)
a match matches (oyunlar; kibritl r)

Sonu samit + y il bit n isiml rin c ld rk n y h rfi i -il v zl nir v ismin sonuna -es lav
edilir.
a family families (ail l r)
a story stories (hekay l r)

Lakin bu qayda sait + y il bit n isiml r mi ismin sonuna sad c -s lav

etm kl lir.
a key keys ( )
a boy boys ( )
 Sonu -f v ya -fe il bit n isiml rin c mini ld rk n f h rfi v -il v zl nir v -es lav edilir.
a leaf leaves (yarpaqlar)
a wolf wolves (canavarlar)
a wife wives (arvadlar)
a knife knives ( )
beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cuffs, muffs, cliffs, handkerchiefs

Sonu -o il bit n isiml rin d c -es lav etm kl lir.

a potato potatoes (kartoflar)
a hero heroes (q hr manlar)
videos, radios, pianos, photos, studios, solos, kilos, zeros, zoos

Bir qrup isiml rin c si il lir.

a man men ( r)
a woman women ( )
a tooth teeth ( r)
a foot feet (ayaqlar)
a goose geese (qazlar)
a mouse mice ( )
a louse lice (bitl r)
an ox oxen ( r)
a child children ( )
a person people (adamlar)

T kv c r:
a sheep sheep (qoyunlar)
a deer deer (marallar)
a fish fish ( )
a swine swine (donuzlar)
an aircraft aircraft (t yyar l r)
a means means (vasit l r)
a species species ( r)
a series series (seriyalar)

Defisl kk b isiml rin c sas m -s (-es) c m

lav etm kl lir.
a dining-room dining-rooms (yem k )
a passer-by passers-by (piyadalar)
an editor-in-chief editors-in-chief ( redaktorlar)

kk b isiml rin c mi is m l g lir.

a bathroom bathrooms ( )
a tablecloth tableclothes ( l r)

T rkibind man, woman kk b isiml rd g r bu r vv ld g l rs , o zaman h r

iki t r f c ml nir.
a man-servant men-servants ( xidm r)
a woman-writer women-writers ( )

g r (man, woman) sonda g l rs ml nir.

a postman postmen ( )
a saleswoman saleswomen ( )
 z hiss d n ibar t olan n isiml r h c md olur.

binoculars headphones scissors handcuffs scales

pliers tweezers tongs glasses sunglasses

shoes boots trousers pants jeans

socks stockings tights shorts pyjamas

* socks / stockings / shoes / boots isiml rinin t

My trousers are dirty. I need to wash them.

Sarah has lost her sunglasses today.

yini itirib.

n libind n istifad olunur.

I would like to buy a new pair of trousers.
ist rdim.
I need two pairs of shorts for summer.

r d c md nirl r: goods (mal mt ),

clothes (geyim, paltar), stairs / steps (n rdivan, pill kan), riches (var- t), people (insanlar, cammaat),
police (polisl r), cattle (mal- ), poultry ( ), gentry (zad ganlar) v s.
The goods have been received today.
bul edilib.
If your clothes are wet, you can dry them here.
rs n.

People mill t m bul ed bildiyi halda, camaat m bul etmir.

a person people / persons (insanlar, camaat)
a people peoples (xalqlar, mill tl r)
There are a lot of people in front of our office.

Turkish peoples have a rich tradition and history.

ngin m d niyy ti v tarixi var.
 Police man, woman, officer ri vasit sil lir. (a police, one police)
a policeman policemen ( r)
a police officer police officers (polis zabitl ri)

B zi toplu isiml m t k, h m d c nirl r: army (ordu), company

( t), family (ail ), team (komanda), staff (hey t) v s.
Our team is very strong. Bizim komanda
There are three great teams in Istanbul.

Bel isiml r t rs x b r t ri n z rd tutularsa x b r c m olur.

Our family is large. Bizim ail
The family were sitting at the table. Ail yl

Leksik m isiml .
- r (Common nouns) xsl ri,
- r (Proper nouns) yy xsl r razil r ,

rd sind konkret (concrete) v rr d (abstract) olmaqla iki yer

- Konkret isiml r (Concrete nouns) - k, toxunmaq, t
- rr d isiml r (Abstract nouns) - k, toxunmaq, t

r (Nouns)

isiml r isiml r
(Common nouns) (Proper nouns)
- city - Paris, Tokyo
- lake - Baikal, Van
- country - Argentina, Brazil

Konkret isiml r rr d isiml r

(Concrete nouns) (Abstract nouns)
- chair - anger
- soap - love
- newspaper - friendship

rh md v isiml
- r (Countable nouns) - yy v formaya malik olan v bu s b bd n d
n isiml rdir. Bel isiml rin h m t k, h m d c m forma
- r (Uncountable nouns) - d v formaya malik olmayan isiml rdir ki, bu
isiml r h t kd nir v a, an tm k olmaz.

- a camera (bir kamera) - a water (bir su)

- an orange ( ) - an information (bir m lumat)
- two cameras (iki kamera) - two waters (iki su)
- two oranges ( ) - two informations (iki m lumat)
 rti olaraq k olar.

economics - iqtisadiyyat biology - biologiya geography -

mathematics - riyaziyyat psychology - psixologiya architecture -
optics - optika zoology - zoologiya literature - d biyyat
physics - fizika chemistry - kimya art - inc s n t
politics - siyas t history - tarix engineering - ndislik
archaeology - arxeologiya poetry - poeziya grammar - qrammatika

baseball - beyzbol football - futbol soccer - futbol

basketball - basketbol golf - qolf tennis - tenis
chess - hockey - xokkey wrestling -

arthritis - artrit diabetes - k r measles -

cancer -x ng flu - qrip smallpox - yi

iron* - d mir wool - yun glue -

gold - silk - ip k paper* -
silver - linen - k tan plastic - plastik
bronze - wood* - taxta ice - buz
leather - d ri chalk -t soap - sabun
cotton - glass* - sand - qum

air - hava rain - wine - rab

weather - hava water - su beer - piv
oxygen - oksigen blood - qan perfume - tir
hydrogen - hidrogen honey - bal gasoline - benzin
steam - buxar milk - petrol - benzin
drizzle - tea - oil - neft
snow - qar coffee - q hv ink - kk b

flour - un chocolate - wheat -

bread - k ice cream - dondurma pepper* - istiot
spaghetti - spagetti jam* - bb meat - t
soup - sup mustard - xardal mutton - qoyun ti
butter - salt - duz lamb - quzu ti
caviar - sugar - k r tozu veal - dana ti
cheese - pendir rice - bacon / pork - donuz ti

money - pul time* - vaxt damage - ziyan, z r r

furniture - mebel work* - harm - ziyan, z r r
traffic - n qliyyat equipment - l vazimat room* -
business - biznes electricity - elektrik space - kosmos
luggage - jewelry - z rg rlik hair* -
baggage - baqaj garbage - zibil mail - m ktub
homework - grass - ot vocabulary - t
housework - clothing - geyim, libas wealth - s rv t
absence - yoxluq fun - yl nc luck -
advice - m sl h t generosity - news -x b r
anger -q z b happiness - xtlik noise* - s s-
assistance - k health - patience -s
behaviour - help - k peace -
conduct - honesty - vicdan permission - icaz
confidence - inam hospitality - qonaqp rv rlik pride -
courage - c sar t humour - yumor progress -
education - t hsil importance - vaciblik recreation - istirah t
experience* -t information - m lumat significance - h miyy t
employment -m t intelligence - z ka sorrow - q m, k d r
energy - enerji justice - dal t stupidity -
enjoyment - h zz, yl nc knowledge - bilik truth - h qiq t
evidence - laughter - violence -

Diqq rm r nz s d isiml rdir:

offer - t klif feeling - tear -
proposal - t klif sense - drop -
suggestion - t klif look - raindrop -
idea - fikir view - snowflake - qar d n si
thought - fikir decision - q rar hailstone - dolu d n si
opinion - fikir choice - storm - tufan
statement - fikir, b y nat change -d cloud - bulud
opportunity - t recommendation - wind - k
chance - t impression -t wave -
difficulty - tinlik problem - problem beard - saqqal
hardship - tinlik warning -x b moustache -
argument -d accident - q za sweet - konfet
fact - fakt, d lil joke - zarafat candy - konfet
sound -s s dream - yuxu pie - piroq
voice -s s wish - arzu cookie -
meaning - m na hope - pea - noxud

b zi isiml r m h ,h md ola bilir.

glass m st kan m
These vases have been made of glass. Bu g d
I always drink a glass of water every morning. H r sabah bir st m.

hair m m
Emily has dark brown hair. Emilinin t hv
There were a few hairs on the pillow. rind

iron d mir, metal m m

much iron this year. t bu il metal istehsal edib.
Simon will buy a new iron tomorrow. Saymon sabah yeni bir

light m lampa m
There is so little light in the room.
The electrician changed old lights.
paper m q zet m
These handbags are made of paper. Bu
papers. Onlar bug zetl rini oxuyublar.

pepper istiot m bib r m

You had better not use much pepper. etm s .
Children picked up some fresh peppers. t z bib r d rdil r.

wood taxta, odun m m

You can take some pieces of wood. bil rsiniz.
There is a wood by the lake. var.

work m s rm
We have much work to do today.
They have already written some works. s

time vaxt m d f m
You have a lot of time to finish it.
I have been to America several times. d f

jam bb m m
Alex made some apple jam. Aleks birq d bb si .
They were stuck for hours in a traffic jam. Onlar saatlarca t

room m otaq m
There is enough room on the shelf. R fd kifay t q d
The Smiths have two living rooms. Smitl

noise s s- m s sm
The children made too much noise at the party. nlikd s s- dil r.
Just a minute ago, I heard a strange noise. rib s

experience t m s m
I have 6 years of teaching experience. d t m var.
I ve had some bad experiences with taxi drivers. ril pis s

cake k m k silm m
Mrs. Lucy had some cake this morning. d r tort yedi.
Mrs. Lucy baked two big cakes. Xan

fish ti m m
I had some fish for dinner. yem yin bir q d ti yedim.
My brother caught five fish. d

chicken toyuq ti m toyuq m

Would you like some chicken? Bir q d r toyuq ti ist rdinizmi?
We have two cows and ten chickens on our farm. yimiz v
 H m d yy n h cmind
vahidl rind n istifad olunur.
a bar of - bir lib a basket of - bir s b t
a bar of chocolate - a basket of apples - bir s b t alma
a bar of soap - a basket of flowers - bir s b
a bottle of - a barrel of - ll k
a bottle of milk - a barrel of oil - ll k neft
a bottle of wine - rab a barrel of beer - ll k piv
a box of - bir qutu a bowl of - bir kasa
a box of apples - bir qutu alma a bowl of rice -
a box of chocolates - bir a bowl of soup -
a bunch of - bir d st a can of - bir konserv
a bunch of flowers - bir d st a can of beans - bir konserva lobya
a bunch of grapes - a can of sardines - bir konserva sardinya
a cup of - bir fincan a couple of -
a cup of tea - a couple of berries -
a cup of coffee - bir fincan q hv a couple of weeks - iki h ft
a game of - bir oyun a glass of - bir st kan
a game of tennis - bir tenis oyunu a glass of water - bir st kan su
a game of billiards - bir bilyard oyunu a glass of soda - bir st kan soda
a head of - a jar of - bir banka
a head of cabbage - l m a jar of honey - bir banka bal
a head of lettuce - a jar of jam - bb
a kilo/kilogram of - bir kilo a loaf of - bir d
a kilo of meat - bir kilo t a loaf of bread - bir d k
a kilo of potatoes - bir kilo kartof a loaf of cheese - bir d d pendir
a lump of - a packet of - bir paket
a lump of sugar - k r a packet of tea -
a lump of coal - a packet of cigarettes - bir paket siqar t
a pair of - a piece of -
a pair of shoes - a piece of chalk -
a pair of gloves - lc k a piece of advice - sl h t
a plate of - a sheet of - bir list
a plate of porridge - a sheet of glass - bir list
a plate of rice - a sheet of paper -
a sack of - bir kis a slice of - bir dilim
a sack of flour - bir kis un a slice of bread - k
a sack of wheat - bir kis a slice of lemon - bir dilim limon

Bu ifad l rin h m t k (a slice of ...), h m d c m (two slices of ...) g r bu

ifad l b r of- ki isiml

A kilo of meat was used for this soup. t istifad edildi.

Two kilos of meat were used for this soup. t istifad edildi.

g r bu ifad l rl n rs h q c md b r
yen of- ki isiml

A box of cherries was picked by hand. Bir qutu gilas ll

Two boxes of cherries were picked by hand. ll

 smin yiy m rir v h min ismin t yini olub kimin? (whose)
4
(- ), (- rin), of (- 4) il lir.

a) t kd r d) t k v c nd nt kv c m isiml r
the student answer - t l b a child room -
the teacher room - children room -

b) h c md r e) kainatda olan t
police s uniforms - polisl the Moon light -
people problems - ri the Sun s rays -

c) t ki v c r f) m
a sheep wool - qoyunun yunu Baku streets - l ri
two sheep wool - iki qoyunun yunu Africa wild nature - Afrikan bi ti

sonu s/es il c ml n r
student answer -t l b l
teacher room - lliml

kd il , c md is il lir.
Parker house - Parkerin evi
Mr. Parker house - C nab Parkerin evi
the Parker house - Parkerl rin evi
Mrs. Parker house -
Dr. Parker house - H kim Parkerin evi

xs v ya xs aiddirs (y
ism ; yox g - (y ni ortaq deyils ), onda yiy r bir ism lav
olunur.
Paul and Tom room - Paul v Tomun Paul and Tom hands - Paul v Tomun ll ri
Paul and Tom mother - Paul v Paul and Tom hair - ........................
Paul and Tom father - Paul v Tomun Paul and Tom eyes - ........................ ri
Paul and Tom fathers - ........................
Paul and Tom rooms - ........................

Zaman, m saf bildir n isiml rin yiy kd , c md is il lir.

yesterday match - nin oyunu yesterday match - nl rin oyunu
today newspapers - zetl ri today newspapers - rin q zetl ri
tomorrow meeting - tomorrow meeting -
a day rest - t 3 day rest - t
a week holiday - bir h ft lik t til some week holiday - h ft lik t til
a mile way - bir millik yol a hundred mile way -
a meter distance - bir metrlik m saf two metre distance - iki metrlik m saf
 kk b isiml rin yiy lav olunur.
a postman letters - po a passer-by bag - piyadan
postmen letters - po passers-by bags -
the schoolboy marks - m kt blinin qiym tl ri a mother-in-law advice - m sl h ti
the schoolboys marks - m kt blil rin qiym tl ri mothers-in-law advice - m sl h ti

a) l rd yiy lik halda olan isimd n sonra yer, m kan bildir n shop, office, house v s.
r varsa:
(shop) - at the dentist (office) - kimind
at the bu (shop) - q ssabda at the (office) - h kimd
at the (shop) -
at my (house) - xalamgild
at the s (shop) -
at my (house) -
at the (shop) - aptekd
(house) - Congild
at the (shop) - d rman

b) vv lc d krar etm m
Jack Cekin anas
This bag is neither Nick Bu Nikin n d

a) rin yiy ldir v c) h rin d yiy

dilimiz olunur. ldir.
the wheels of my car - k rl ri the birds - musiqil ri
the cover of the book - the songs of the birds - musiqil ri
- ri
b) yox g ricil ril n rs , problems of people - ri
dilimiz edilir.
my friend = a friend of mine
a slice of bread - k
her house = a house of hers
a piece of information - lumat
= a friend of Olivia
a bowl of rice - bir kasa d George e = a house of George
 : - h r zaman yiy ricisi deyil. - b z n is v ya has
. - -d l r g l rs , bu yiy
(a/an/the)
Colin a very old man. is a very old man.
Martin practised man we look for. is the practised man we look for.

b) v zlik
Atilla Ilhan my favourite Turkish poet. is my favourite Turkish poet.
Jackson experienced employee. is our experienced employee.

Rachel the second floor now. is on the second floor now.

George the age of 18. is under the age of 18.

t (isimsiz)
z rf + sif t (isimsiz)
The matter for participants. matter is important for participants.
The weather today. is terribly cold today.

My father a business letter form Tokyo. has got a business letter from Tokyo.
Wilson meet his friends. is going to meet his friends.
The article written this month. has been written this month.

g l rd n (z rf, verbing, verb3) sonra x b r yoxdursa, dem ri x b rdir v

yiy
z rf (just/already/ever/never/...)
David made a little money. has already made a little money.
David finished writing his report. has just finished writing his report.

ing / verb3
David the meeting at the moment. is leaving the meeting at the moment.
David his paintings in public. has exhibited his paintings in public.

Qeyd: yox g l rd n sonra x b r g l rs , bu zaman yiy kil

De rketm si h rk si t -
da x b r l ndirdi.

appreciated by us. Devidin s rgil kill r biz t r fd n

da x b r b y nildi.

David Devidin indic

da
s hvi var.
x b r
achieve achievement
nail olmaq naliyy t
advertise advertisement
reklam etm k reklam
agree agreement

amend amendment
k
amuse amusement
yl ndirm k yl nc
announce announcement
elan etm k elan
appoint appointment
v zif y t yin etm k t yinat
argue argument
etm k , fakt, d lil
arrange arrangement
t rtib etm t rtibat
assign assignment
t yin etm k, h val etm k t
astonish astonishment
t ndirm k, heyr tl ndirm k t t
develop development
k r qqi
disappoint disappointment
m yus etm k m yusluq
employ employment
k
encourage encouragement
c sar tl ndirm k c sar t
enjoy enjoyment
y nm k zz, yl nc
enlarge enlargement
ndirm k m
entertain entertainment
yl ndirm k yl nc
excite excitement
h y h y
govern government
idar etm k idar etm t
improve improvement
k r qqi
judge judgment
etm k
manage management
idar etm k idar etm
measure measurement
k
move movement
h r k t etm k h r k
pay payment
m k
punish punishment
c c za
replace replacement
v z etm k, yenisil v zl m k v zetm , d
retire retirement

settle settlement
h ll etm k, m h nd, q s b )
ship shipment
g miy m k, n ql etm k g mil ql
state statement
ifad etm k, b yan etm k ifad , b yanat
treat treatment
etm k

act action
h r k t etm k h r k t
addict addiction
alud alud
adopt adoption
m nims m k m nims m
associate association
t masda olmaq, m k t mas, m riklik
assume assumption
f rz etm k f rziyy
attend attention
k t
attract attraction
c zb etm k cazib , atraksiyon
calculate calculation
hesablamaq hesablama, haqq-hesab
celebrate celebration
qeyd etm k, bayram etm k m rasim, bayram
collect collection

communicate communication
laq t qurmaq laq t, rabit
compete competition

connect connection
laq qurmaq laq
construct construction
tikm k
correct correction
ltm k
deceive deception
aldatmaq aldatma, yalan
demonstrate demonstration
k
describe description
t svir etm k t svir, xarakteristika
destroy destruction

direct direction
ltm k, istiqam tl ndirm k istiqam t
donate donation
ian diyy ) verm k ian diyy , qrant
educate education
t hsil verm k t hsil
elect election
k
except exception
istisna etm k istisna
explain explanation
izah etm k izah
fascinate fascination
valeh etm k, m ftun etm k m ftunluq, cazib
hesitate hesitation
t r k t r
interrogate interrogation
-sual etm k -sual
interrupt interruption
sm k sm , fasil
introduce introduction
t qdim etm k t qdimat
invent invention
ixtira etm k ixtira
investigate investigation
dqiq etm k dqiqat
isolate isolation
t dric etm k t dric, qarantin
object objection
etiraz etm k etiraz
operate operation
idar t etm k, m liyyat etm k m liyyat
opt option
k
pollute pollution
ndirm k nm
populate population
m hali
predict prediction
proqnoz verm k proqnoz
produce production
istehsal etm k istehsal
promote promotion
v zif ltm k, ir km k ir lil m
pronounce pronunciation
t l k t l
protect protection
etm k qorunma,
react reaction
reaksiya verm k reaksiya
receive reception
q bul etm k q bul, resepsiyon
recognize recognition

reduce reduction
azaltmaq
reflect reflection
ks etdirm
reject rejection
r dd etm k, imtina etm k r dd, imtina
restrict restriction
m m
revolt revolution
inqilab etm k inqilab
satisfy satisfaction
etm k mnunluq
select selection
k
solve solution
h ll etm k h ll
suggest suggestion
t klif etm k t klif
translate translation
t etm k t

admit admission
q bul etm k, etiraf etm k q bul, etiraf
decide decision
q rara g lm k q rar
discuss discussion
etm k
divide division
diviziya
expand expansion
tm k m
express expression
ifad etm k ifad
impress impression
t sir etm k t
invade invasion
k
permit permission
icaz verm k icaz
possess possession
sahib olmaq sahiblik
revise revision
yenid n yoxlamaq, t k yoxlama, t
admire admiration
heyran olmaq
combine combination
birl k birlik, birl , d st
examine examination
etm k, imtahan etm k , imtahan
explore exploration
t dqiqat aparmaq t dqiqat
imagine imagination
t s k t s
inform information
m m lumat
invite invitation
d v t etm k d v
observe observation
etm k
prepare preparation
rtibat
reserve reservation
ehtiyatda saxlamaq ehtiyat, qoruq
restore restoration
b rpa etm k b rpa

apply application
t tbiq etm t etm k t t, riz , proqram
classify classification
t snifl k, sinifl r t snifat, sinifl
publish publication
k, d rc etm k rc, n
qualify qualification
viyy si, ixtisas

accept acceptance
q bul etm k q bul etm , t hvil alma
annoy annoyance
bezdirm k, z hl k bezdirm , z hl
appear appearance
k m
assist assistance
k etm k
attend attendance
k, diqq t verm k t
enter entrance
daxil olmaq
guide guidance
b l k b l
insure insurance

perform performance
ifa etm k, icra etm k
confide confidence
nm k, etibar etm k n, etimad, inam
correspond correspondence

differ difference
f rql ndirm k f rq
exist existence

reside residence
sakin olmaq kan, iqam tgah

announce announcer
elan etm k elan ed xs, diktor, spiker
buy buyer
almaq
compose composer
t rtib etm k, b st l m k t st
dance dancer
r qs etm k r qqas
drive driver
k
dust duster
tozunu almaq tozsoran
employ employer
k n
examine examiner
etm k, imtahan etm k
farm farmer
t s k fermer
fight fighter
k
garden gardener

interpret interpreter
etm rh etm k t
lead leader
ir li aparmaq, r hb rlik etm k hb r
manage manager
idar etm k idar
mine miner
minalamaq, m d n d
murder murderer
k, h lak etm k qatil, cani
own owner
sahib olmaq sahibkar
paint painter
boyamaq ssam
perform performer
ifa etm k, icra etm k
play player
oynamaq
print printer
k
produce producer
istehsal etm k
read reader
oxumaq oxuyucu
receive receiver
q bul etm k q bul ed n, radioq buledici
remind reminder

report reporter
hesabat verm k hesabat ver n
ride rider
k, ata minm k
rob robber

rule ruler
idar etm k, x ttl m k idar
run runner
xs, atlet
sell seller
satmaq
sing singer
oxumaq nni
smoke smoker
km m k siqaret k xs
speak speaker
xs, natiq
swim swimmer
k
teach teacher
tm k tm llim
trade trader
ticar tl m ticar
train trainer
m k, t lim k m
travel traveller
s yah t etm k s yah
work worker
m k
write writer
yazmaq

beg beggar
dil nm k, yalvarmaq dil
lie liar

act actor
h r k t etm k aktyor
collect collector
toplamaq
contribute contributor
verm ver xs
create creator
yaratmaq
demonstrate demonstrator
k
direct director
ltm k, istiqam tl ndirm k direktor, r hb r
edit editor
ltm k, redakt etm k ld n, redaktor
govern governor
idar etm k idar yal t s
instruct instructor
t limat verm k t
invent inventor
ixtira etm k
operate operator
m liyyat etm k m
sail sailor
d nizd s yah t etm k d
survive survivor
xs
translate translator
t etm k t
visit visitor
ziyar t etm k ziyar

tour tourist
g zintiy turist
type typist
yazmaq katib, m n

defend defendant
etm k
serve servant
xidm t etm k xidm

depend dependent
xs
reside resident
sakin olmaq, m sakin

approve approval
b y nm k, t sdiql m k b y nm , t sdiq
arrive arrival
g g
bury burial
fn etm k d fn, c naz m rasimi
propose proposal
t klif etm k t klif
refuse refusal
imtina etm k, r dd etm k imtina, r dd
try trial
c hd etm c

carry carriage

marry marriage
evl nm k evlilik
pack package
paketl m paket,
pass passage
k
post postage
rm k
store storage
depolamaq, ehtiyatda saxlamaq depo, ambar
use usage
istifad etm k istifad

assemble assembly

bound boundary
s rh dl m k s rh d
bribe bribery
t verm k txorluq
create creativity
yaratmaq
deliver delivery
t
discover discovery
k k k
expire expiry
son,
injure injury
yaralamaq yara
prosper prosperity
nginl k z nginl kl nm , rifah
recover recovery
b b
rob robbery
k
secure security
t sizliyi t min etm k, qorumaq t sizlik, qoruma
vary variety
f rql ndirm m k f
create creature
yaratmaq
depart departure
rk etm k
fail failure
k silm k
furnish furniture
mebell m k mebel
mix mixture

please pleasure
m mnun etm k m mnuniyy
press pressure
t rm k t zyiq
sign signature
imzalamaq,

complain complaint
t etm k t
contain content
hat etm k, daxil etm k m zmun, t rkib
fly flight

give gift
verm k, h diyy etm k h diyy
join joint
k
produce product
istehsal etm k m hsul
receive receipt
q bul etm k q bz
see sight
k nz r
think thought
k
weigh weight
km k ki

begin beginning

belong belonging
m xsus olmaq xsi xsusluq
build building
tikm k bina, tikili
clothe clothing
geyindirm k geyim, libas
cross crossing
k
earn earning
qazanmaq qazanc
end ending
bitm
greet greeting
salamlamaq
happen happening
k hadis
learn learning
nm k nm , m nims m , bilik, t lim
meet meeting

suffer suffering
ziyy km k, km k ziyy t, zab
train training
m k, t k m
understand understanding
k, anlamaq rk
write writing
yazmaq

bitter bitterness

cold coldness
soyuq soyuqluq
conscious consciousness

dark darkness

deaf deafness
kar
dry dryness
quru quruluq
good goodness

ill illness
x st x st lik
kind kindness
mehriban
mad madness
d d lilik,
polite politeness
n zak tli n zak tlilik
sad sadness
q mgin, m yus q mginlik
sick sickness
x st x st lik
soft softness
weak weakness
z if z iflik

happy happiness
xt xtlik
lazy laziness
t nb l t nb llik
lonely loneliness
nha
naught naughtiness
d c l, yaramaz d c
tidy tidiness
s liq li s liq , s hman
ugly ugliness

able ability

accurate accuracy
d qiq, s liq li d qiqlik, x
active activity
f f
anxious anxiety
narahat
certain certainty
b yy n, min yy nlik, minlik
cruel cruelty
q ddar q
difficult difficulty
tin tinlik
electric electricity
elektrikli elektrik, c r yan, elektrik enerjisi
envious envy

equal equality
b rab r b rab rlik
fluent fluency
s s
frequent frequency
tez-tez tezlik
generous generosity
s xav tli, s xav tlilik,
honest honesty

jealous jealousy

loyal loyalty
sadiq, v sadiqlik, s daq t, v fa
modest modesty
t t
necessary necessity
vaciblik, z rur
noble nobility
alic nab alic
opportune opportunity

poor poverty

popular popularity
m m
private privacy
l m xfilik, gizlilik
public publicity
ictimai ictimaiyy
pure purity
saf, t miz mizlik
rapid rapidity

real reality
h qiqi, real h qiq
responsible responsibility
m suliyy tli m suliyy t
royal royalty
krallara m xsus, krallara layiq kralliyy t, kral ail
safe safety
t siz t sizlik
secret secrecy
sirr, gizli, m xfi sirr, gizlilik, m xfilik
similar similarity
nz r b nz rlik
sincere sincerity
s mimi s mimiyy t
stupid stupidity
axmaq
tragic tragedy
faci vi faci
urgent urgency
t cili, vacib, aktual
vacant vacancy

various variety
lif liflilik

absent absence
yoxluq
confident confidence
nli n
convenient convenience

independent independence
qil qillik
innocent innocence

intelligent intelligence
ka
patient patience
s brli s br
present presence

silent silence
s ssiz s ssizlik
violent violence
tli t

arrogant arrogance
k k
distant distance
uzaq, m saf li saf
elegant elegance
z rif, inc z riflik, inc lik
important importance
vaciblik, h miyy t
reluctant reluctance
ist ist

deep depth
d rin d rinlik
long length
uzun uzunluq
strong strength

true truth
h h qiq t
warm warmth

wide width

young youth
cavan, g nc nclik

champion championship

friend friendship
dost dostluq
hard hardship
tinlik
leader leadership
hb r, lider hb rlik, liderlik
member membership
owner ownership
sahib sahiblik
partner partnership
rik, ortaq
relation relationship
laq , qohum qohumluq
scholar scholarship
alim, t alimlik, t

brother brotherhood

child childhood

mother motherhood
ana
neighbour neighbourhood

parent parenthood
valideyn valideynlik

free freedom
azad
king kingdom
kral
wise wisdom

act actress
h r k t etm k aktrisa
host hostess
ev sahibi ev sahib si
prince princess

poet poetess

wait waitress
m k xidm
employment unemployment

popularity unpopularity
m qeyri-m
fairness unfairness
dal tlilik dal tsizlik
rest unrest
istirah t, h r k tsizlik

accuracy inaccuracy
d qiqlik qeyri-d qiqlik
dependence independence
qillik
visibility invisibility
zlik

advantage disadvantage
xeyir, fayda ziyan, z r r
agreement disagreement

satisfaction dissatisfaction
mnunluq m mnuniyy tsizlik

conduct misconduct
r s r ftar ( )
management mismanagement
idar etm s hv/ etm
information misinformation
m lumat s lumat

nutrition malnutrition
qidalanma yet rsiz/ ksik qidalanma
function malfunction
funksiya yet rsiz/ ksik funksiya
treatment maltreatment
yet rsiz/ /
airmail - fireman - n
airport - fireplace -
alarm-clock - z ngli saat flowerbed - k l ki
apple-tree - food store -
armchair - kreslo food supply -
babysitter - football - futbol oyunu
backache - forget-me-not - yi
basketball - basketbol Frenchman -
bathroom - fruit-tree - meyv
battlefield - gentleman - n zak tli adam
battleship - misi handbag - l
bedroom - handball - h ndbol
birthday - handshake -
birthplace - handwriting -
blackboard - headache -
box-office - heartbeat -
bookcase - highway -
bookshelf - kitab r fi homework -
breakfast - s h r yem yi honeymoon -
briefcase - portfel household - ev t s
businessman - housekeeper - ev sahib si
butterfly -k p n k housemaid -
car park - housewife -
cattle-breeding - ice-cream - dondurma
chairman - s dr keyboard - klaviatura
cherry-tree - keynote -
church-bell - kils z ngi kilogram - kiloqram
classmate - landlady - torpaq sahib si
classroom - landlord - torpaq sahibi
coal-mining - nayesi letter box - m ktub qutusu
coffee-pot - q hv d mliyi lifespan -h
copyright - lipstick -
cotton-field - si mailbox -
countryside - k nd yeri man-of-war - misi
cupboard - merry-go-round - karusel, yell nc k
deadline - son tarix moonlight -
dining-room - yem mother-in-law - qaynana
dishwasher - motorway - avtomagistral
doorbell - ngi network - b k
earrings - newspaper - q zet
earthquake - z lz l nightclub - gec klubu
editor-in-chief - redaktor notebook - d ft r
Englishman - ingilis oak-tree -
eyesight - qabiliyy ti oil-field -
factory-worker - outlook -
farmyard - ferma h y ti painkiller - sici
father-in-law - qaynata passer-by - piyad
fingerprint - barmaq izi password -
peace-talks - sitting-room -
pen-friend - q l m dostu skyscraper - l n
penknife - snowflake - qar d n si
playground - spaceship - kosmik g mi
policeman - sportsman -
popcorn - state-prize -
pop-music - pop musiqisi statesman - t xadimi
postman - stepmother -
railroad - d mir yolu stomachache -m d
railway - d mir yolu storehouse - ambar
rainbow - strawberry - l k
raincoat - street-market -
raindrop - sunbath -
rainfall - leysan sunflower - baxan
repairman - usta sunray -
river-bank - sunrise -
riverside - sunset -
saucepan - qazan sunshine -
school library - m kt swordfish -
schoolboy - m kt tablecloth -
school-leaver - m zun teapot -
schoolmate - m kt thunderstorm - tufan
schoolyard - m kt b h y ti timetable - c dv l
school-year - d rs ili toolbox - al t qutusu
seafood - d niz m toothache -
sea-level - d niz s viyy si toothbrush -
seaman -d touch-me-not - yi
seaport -d wallpaper -
seashore - d niz sahili warship - misi
sewing-machine - waterfall - lal
shipbuilding -g weekend - h ft sonu
sightseeing - g zinti woodman - b yi
 one (bir); each (h r bir); every (h r bir); either (bir); neither ( bir); another ( )

=x b rt k =x b rt k

Each student has to obey the rules of school. H r t l b m kt

Neither country wants to fight each other. bir-biril mir.

Another employee is needed for this post. Bu v zif y ehtiyac var.

Each of my brothers lives abroad. r biri xaricd

Either of these students has failed the exam. Bu t l b l rin biri imtahandan k silib.

Neither of the children is good at such a game.

Every v another v zlikl rind n sonra l rs m isiml d n bil r:

You should see your doctor every week. H r h ft h kiminl lis n.
You should see your doctor every four weeks. H ft d n bir h kiminl lis n.
Please, give me another book. Z hm t olmasa, m n
Please, give me another 10 books. Z hm t olmasa, m n daha on kitab verin.

few (az); a few ( ); both (h r iki); several ( ); numerous ( ); many ( );

a great many ( , bir xeyli); a good many ( , bir xeyli)

=x b rc m =x b rc m

Several children are playing in the yard now. y td

 Both these roads lead you to success. Bu h

A few serious problems have already been fixed. ll olunub.

Many useful ideas were offered last night. r t klif olundu.

Several of my plants need watering. Bitkil rimin

A few of the boys were late for the last lesson. si son d rs r.

Both of these methods have been approved. r ikisi b y nilib.

A great many of the people are angry with him. z blidir.

little (az); a little (biraz); much ( ); a great deal of ( ); a small amount of (balaca
miqdarda); a large amount of ( )

A little ink was used for this copy. Bu n kk b istifad edildi.

Much useful information is needed.

A little of the milk is left in the bottle. S bir q d ri d

Much of the meat has been eaten. tin

Little of the rainwater is saved for drinking.

Much of his money is in his own account.

A large amount of money has been used for it. edilib.

A great deal of energy was used uselessly. edildi.

 all ( ); some ( , bir q d r, biraz); more ( ); most ( ks r); enough (kifay t q d r);
a lot of ( ); lots of ( ); plenty of ( )

Some apples have been picked.

Enough materials were bought by them. Kifay t q d r material onlar t r fd

All of the people have come in time. libl r.

Most of these answers are incorrect. ks riyy ti s hvdir.

Some of the furniture was broken. Mebelin bir q d

A lot of wheat is grown in Azerbaijan. Az

no ( ); none ( )

=x b rt k
=x b rc m
=x b rt k
=x b rt k

=x b rt k

There is no bus stop around here. Bu

No useful information has been found there.

None of my brothers remembers my birthday.

None of the information is useful for writing. M

 Few (az) v little (az n sonra g l n ismin kifay t etm diyini, yet rdiyi
halda, a few ( ) v a little (biraz n sonra g l n ismin kifay t etdiyini, yet
rir.

az yet rsiz q d r
+ say m isim
yet rli q d r
az yet rsiz q d r
+
biraz yet rli q d r

I have got few friends here so I feel really lonely.

M nim burada d m.
I have a few friends here my family.
M nim burada d ail

little time
t l
a little time before our train leaves. Shall we go to buy something?
s kmi?

Little = small balaca m sif t kimi rl d n bil r.

a little boy - little boys -
small small
a little city - h r little cities - h rl r
small small

I know only a few things about this place.

Bu yer bar sind sad c m.
We have quite a few problems recently.
rimiz var.

Enough (kifay t q d r) ricisi v z nm si M ricisi

kimi yet rli v kifay t q d r m a few v a little -a b rab rdir.

+ (sif t) + m isim sif t

+ (sif t) + z rf
We have enough hard problems. The weather is hot enough today.
Bizim kifay t q d tin probleml rimiz var. t q d r istidi.

We have enough free time. He always works carefully enough.

Bizim kifay t q d r var. O, h kifay t q d r diqq tl yir.
 More ( ) h m many, h m d much- d r c n sonra h m
m isim, h m d l b edir. Yox g r more- miqdar bildir l rs ,
daha, lav m nir v isim more- ricisi il

+ m isim
+ (one, two, some, any, a few,
a little, many, much, no, ...)

more good friends one more question daha bir sual

more delicious soup two more questions daha iki sual

more useful facts a few more chairs stul

no more = not ... any more ( h m isiml , h m d fell nir.

He will ask no more questions.
He ask any more questions.
Jeremy will speak to you no more. Ceremi daha s ninl
Jeremy speak to you anymore. Ceremi daha s ninl

no longer = not ... any longer ( nir.

Gonzalez works here no longer. mir.
Gonzalez work here any longer. mir.

1) Sual v zlikl rind nir.

What else do you want to buy for children? almaq ist yirs n?
Where else would you like to go this summer? Bu yay daha hara getm k ist rdin?

v zlikl rd nir.
I ber what else he said. Onun daha n
whom else they invited to the party. v t etdiyini bilmir m.

m v zlikl rd n (somebody, nothing, anyone, ... nir.

anything else. Daha n s yem k ist mir m.
The train will stop nowhere else. dayanmayacaq.
Nobody else is allowed to enter inside. ri girm y icaz verilmir.

4) Else-d nm z. Lakin yiy l bil r.

. Kims yin
. Daha kims yin
 (el , bel , sif t (el , bel ) + isim
+
z rf (el , bel ) + sif t + isim

The weather is so cold today. I love such weather. Bel m.

I love such sunny weather. Bel m.

He always drives so fast. I like such a film. Bel

O, h tl I like such an interesting film. Bel

He is so angry today. I like such films. Bel filml

O, bug s bidir. I like such interesting films. Bel

so- nmir, lakin so- n bil r. Bel

ifad l rd so-nun v zin too v very d r c z rfl rind n d istifad etm

+ say m isim

+ say

I have made so many economic reports. O

There is so much water inside. rid olduqca su var.

I have so little work to do today.

There are so few empty seats in the room.

I have very many books about History.

such-dan sonra miqdar bildir a lot of nir.

I have such a lot of friends.

There is such a lot of wheat in the store.

Lakin: such-dan sonra (a) little sif t kimi n bil r.

such a little baby bel such little babies bel l r

small small

such a little box bel balaca qutu such little boxes bel balaca qutular
small small
 so long = such a long time ( )
so long. M m.
such a long time. M tdir ki, onunla m.

so far = such a long way (uzaq)

It is so far from here to the school. Buradan m kt b q d
It is such a long way from here to the school. Buradan m kt b q d

+ c m isim = x b rc m
m isim = x b rt k

A number of children living in Africa are suffering from lack of water.

ziyy kirl r.
The number of children attending primary schools has increased since 2015.
2015-d n b ri ibtidai m kt bl rd

k isiml rl ks r hallarda all v zin the whole istifad olunur.

All the city was burned in a fire. = The whole city was burned in a fire.
h
All the book deals with possible solutions. = The whole book deals with possible solutions.
ll hs edir.

ricil ri d ismi v z edib t

v zlik kimi d n bil rl r.

A lot of proposals were presented, but few were accepted. (= few proposals)
t klifl r t bul edildi.

There was a lot of fruit any. (= any fruit)

yem dim.

We invited a lot of people to the wedding, but many (= many people)

v lm di.

I have two brothers. Neither can play basketball. (= neither brother)

basketbol oynaya bilmir.

Laura have bought 2 books today. Both are on historical monuments. (= both books)
r ikisi tarixi abid l

Diqq t: every / no / other t n bilm dikl rind q isim t l b edir

v h si d yoxdur.
 All d t rk s m ndikd c m x b r, h r
m t k x b r t l b edir.

All were invited to present their suggestions.

T klifl rini t qdim etm v t olundu.

All was packed by workers in time.

r t r find n h ndi.

g d xs v ya t gedirs v zlikl rd n istifad olunur.

h r ikisi
ikisind
ikisind n biri, ist nil n biri
- Do you want the blue shirt or the red one? - yi ist yirs n?
- both. - H r ikisini alacam.
- neither. - almayacam.
- either. - Birini alacam.

rl n ricil ri (much, little, a little, a lot) d feli t yin edib,

z rf kimi d dil bil rl r.
Taylor recently studies much. Taylor son zamanlarda d rs oxuyur.
Taylor recently studies a little. Taylor son zamanlarda az d rs oxuyur.
Taylor recently studies a lot. Taylor son zamanlarda d rs oxuyur.