Challenges in quality data management[edit]

The collection, analysis, and use of quality data amidst decentralization and in the context of conflict
and fragility are common challenges. These issues were shared across many of the countries that
participated in the 2018 EMIS Conference. Data quality encompasses the
relevance, accuracy, reliability, coherence, timeliness, punctuality, accessibility,
interpretability, objectivity, impartiality, transparency and credibility of data.[7]

Accuracy and reliability[edit]

Data need to be sufficiently accurate and reflect stable and consistent collection processes across
collection points over time. As discussed during the 2018 EMIS conference, most countries (more than
half) reported that the accuracy and reliability of data were among the challenges with many countries
reporting lack of adequate mechanisms for data validation. Moreover, in some cases, there are virtually
no repercussions for falsifying or tampering with data; where there might be laws supposed to
safeguard against data falsification, there are no mechanisms to ensure the enforcement of those laws.
[2]

Coverage[edit]
In terms of availability, countries cited challenges in obtaining data and information from civil society
organizations (CSOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), primarily owing to generally
weaker data systems in these kinds of organizations. With private organizations, countries cited
difficulties obtaining data as well, for various reasons. In some cases, private organizations are
unregistered and thus difficult to track. In other cases, private organizations are not willing to release
data.[2]
Furthermore, these private organizations are often not within the purview of the Ministry of Education,
and thus have no regulatory authorities that can require them to release data. [2]

Decentralized structures[edit]
Surveyed countries expressed the necessity to move towards an EMIS system that increases access to
a wider range of stakeholders specific to their roles and responsibilities. A more decentralized system
would improve the planning, management and decision-making allowing for more efficient and accurate
data collection and increase accountability. However, the process of decentralization should be fully
backed by a proper mechanism to support local authorities and develop their capacities to fulfil their
new responsibilities. As with any type of governance structure, whether centralized or decentralized, a
system can only function properly under the appropriate enabling environment. [8]
Developing an effective decentralized structure for EMIS data requires engaging in several decision-
making processes. These include: 1) identifying the right balance between direct government control
over education institutions and staff, and the degree of autonomy given to them, which depends to a
large extent on existing organizational and institutional capacities; and 2) developing effective tools for
monitoring and evaluation, which are often in the form of school inspection or supervision systems.
[5] The degree of decentralization is a key challenge t