ILOs MB 5 2021

Intended Learning Outcomes: Cardiology Block at the Golden Jubilee
Cardiothoracic component
Pneumothorax Classify pneumothoraces , describing their aetiology, presentation and management
Pleural Effusion Discuss the causes, investigation and surgical management of pleural effusions
Lung Cancer State the surgical management lung cancer, and the surgeon’s role in multidisciplinary care
COPD Describe the novel interventions for advanced COPD and the patients who would benefit from this
Cardiology
General Clinical
skills Demonstrate a cardiac focussed history and examination, presenting and discussing your finding
Identify common cardiac diagnoses, and describing your findings in more complex cases.
Describe the general basis, indications and process of cardiac catheterization, coronary arteriography, angioplasty and
Cardiac Cath coronary stenting and revascularization.
Lab Sessions Describe the anatomy of access sites for catheterization, the clinical considerations and common complications of
procedures.
Cardiac &
Thoracic Describe the patient’s journey through cardiac and thoracic surgery from diagnosis and pre-op to intra-operative
Theatre management, post-operative care, and subsequent care.
Sessions Gain further experience in the theatre environment and etiquette.
Cardiac Describe the common imaging techniques in cardiology and outline clinical indications for different imaging techniques
Imaging
Specific Cardiac Conditions
Summarize the common aortic and mitral valvular disorders, their aetiology, presentation and clinical features.
Compare the options for valve replacement surgery in different patients, including TAVI, and the considerations of women
of childbearing age.
Valvular
Explain the rationale of anti-coagulation in patients with artificial heart valves, and the management principles of over-
Disease coagulation (i.e. patients with high INR)
Explain the need for coronary artery assessment in Aortic Stenosis, and the impact atherosclerotic disease has on
management of Aortic Stenosis.
Classify the different types of Acute Coronary Syndrome and differentiate between the initial management strategies.
Ischaemic Demonstrate methodical ECG interpretation and illustrate how ischaemia translates into acute ECG changes, and the
Heart Disease implications of these changes
Summarise the pharmacological management for all stages of ischaemic heart disease and explain the rationale,
practicalities, and the considerations of prescribing these medicines
Congenital Recognise the common congenital heart lesions, common associated congenital disorders associated with them and the
lifelong management strategies that these conditions require.
Heart Disease
Identify the clinical implications of untreated congenital heart disease in adults, with reference to alterations in cardiac
physiology, shunt, and how these patients present clinically.
Aortic List the important risk factors, typical symptoms and signs of acute aortic dissection
Dissection Discuss the applications of different imaging modalities to identify dissection, and the appropriate approaches to
treatment for differing types of dissecting aortic aneurysm.
Pericardial
Describe the aetiology and pathophysiology, the clinical and ECG findings, and the management strategies of pericardial
Disease disease
Cardiomyopath
Identify the 4 main subtypes of cardiomyopathy and outline their aetiology and clinical presentation, and the
y management strategies towards cardiomyopathy
Describe the role of advanced heart failure services and the criteria patients must meet for this service, including
indications for cardiac transplant – and how this carried performed.
Describe the cardiac compensatory mechanisms in the failing heart including hypertrophy, dilatation and increased
Heart Failure filling pressure, and the responses of the peripheral vasculature, both arterial and venous, and the neuroendocrine
changes in heart failure.
Summarise the pharmacological management of Heart Failure and explain the rationale, practicalities, and the
considerations of prescribing these medicines
Tachyarrhythmi Describe and Identify the common tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias on the12 lead ECG
as and
Construct differential diagnosis and approach to management for Atrial Fibrillation, SVT, VT & Heart Block
bradyarrhythmi
Discuss emergency management of tachy and brady arrhythmias and the role of emergency drugs, DC cardioversion
as
(DCCV), and transcutaneous pacing
Undergraduate curriculum for Child Health
(Intended learning outcomes)
For
Medical Students
At
Glasgow University
2017
Editors:
Dr Andrew Tester
(Paediatric Clinical Teaching Fellow)
Dr Gardner-Medwin
(Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist)
Version 7 August 2017

Undergraduate Revision Guide:
1
Section 1: Paediatric History and Examination
• Have a broad knowledge of medical and surgical aspects of paediatrics including

areas specific only to paediatrics including neonates and assessment of
developmental and growth.
• To be able to take an age- and developmentally-appropriate paediatric history from
any child, young person or their carer.
• To be able to take a history from an adolescent including a HEADS screen.
• To have skill in performing examination of the core body systems including aspects
specific to paediatric examination including a newborn, respiratory, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, central and peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal, skin, eyes,
ears/nose/throat and development(see relevant chapter).
• Measure and interpret vital signs including a CEWS chart.
• Plot and interpret a growth chart (see endocrine chapter)
• Outline the physiological influences on normal growth in childhood (see endocrine
chapter)
• Construct and interpret a family tree
• Demonstrate the ability to:
o Hold and undress a baby
o Perform a newborn examination (see neonatal chapter)
o Perform a developmental examination in a child under 5 years (see
development chapter)
o Measure peak expiratory flow rate (see respiratory chapter)
o Assess inhaler technique in a child or young person (see respiratory chapter)
o Collect a urine sample from an baby or child and perform bedside urinalysis
(see clinical skills booklet)
Section 2: NEONATOLOGY
• To be able to perform a routine examination of a newborn infant
• To know about common problems of preterm infants
• To know about the causes and management of neonatal jaundice
• To be able to recognise and know important causes of respiratory distress,
cyanosis, and gastrointestinal disorders in the neonate
• To know about the assessment and management of neonatal sepsis and the
acutely unwell infant.
Section 3: CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

• To know the important causes of congenital abnormalities
• To know the important congenital abnormalities that can be life threatening, or should
be identified at the Newborn Baby check.
• To know key conditions that are present with congenital abnormalities.
Section 4: Developmental Assessment

• Be able to perform a developmental assessment in a pre-school child and know
the key milestones across the areas of gross and fine motor, hearing, speech and
social development.
2
• Know the important causes of global developmental delay and causes of gross
motor and speech delay
• Have some understanding of approaches to common parental concerns such as
eating, sleep advice, behaviour, bruising and links to non-accidental injury (NAI).
Section 5: GROWTH AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

• To have knowledge of normal growth and pubertal development through
childhood
• Outline the physiological influences on normal growth in childhood
• To know the common problems associated with altered growth and puberty
• To know the key endocrine disorders of childhood
• To be able to plot and interpret a growth chart, with an understanding of the
underlying causes and influences on these growth patterns. Be aware of
different growth charts for different purposes, ages and conditions.
Section 6: NUTRITION
• To understand the importance of breastfeeding for both mother and child
• To understand the importance of exclusive breastfeeding
• To be aware of formula milk and weaning
• To be aware of growth patterns in children, weight faltering and obesity and their
relationship to nutrition.
Section 7: COMMUNITY PAEDIATRICS

• Be able to perform a developmental assessment in a pre-school child and know
the key milestones across the areas of gross and fine motor, hearing, speech and
social development.
• Know the important causes of global developmental delay and causes of gross
motor and speech delay
• Be aware of the current health surveillance / health promotion programme
• Have some understanding of approaches to common parental concerns such as
eating, sleep advice, behaviour, as it relates to disability
Section 8: MUSCULOSKELETAL (ORTHOPAEDICS and

RHEUMATOLOGY)
KNOWLEDGE:
• Know the key musculoskeletal MSK features and understand the
importance of early, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate referral of severe,
life or organ threatening MSK conditions in childhood
• Know about the basic science underpinning bone growth and repair and its
relevance to the clinical paediatric assessment.
• Know how to perform an emergency assessment of the injured child and
the priorities in management
• Be able to describe fracture patterns, and the differences between
fractures in adults and children including the features suggestive of NAI
3
• Know the key mechanical causes of hip pain and limp, scoliosis and back
pain
• Be aware of the features and key causes of muscle disease in childhood
• Know the normal variants of growth or gait, common benign or self-limiting
conditions of childhood including “growing pains”, and the psychological
presentations in the MSK.
• Know the 5 MSK components of the baby check, and be able to recognise
the conditions this screening is intended to identify.
• Know the underlying biochemistry and clinical features of rickets
SKILLS:
• Be able to be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric MSK history and
examination, including gait, screening and regional MSK examination, and
MSK components of the baby check.
• Be able to request and interpret relevant investigations.
Section 9: NEUROLOGY
• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric neurological history and
examination
• Know the aetiology, features, complications and management principles
for
o Cerebral palsy
o Neural tube defects
o Muscular dystrophy
o Epilepsy and paroxysmal disorders
Section 10: RESPIRATORY

• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric respiratory history and
examination
• Be able to assess basic lung function
• Be able to test inhaler technique in an age appropriate way.
• Know the common causes of acute and chronic cough, croup and stridor
• Know the important causes and management of lung and lower airways
conditions of childhood including pneumonia, bronchiolitis and asthma.
• Know the principles of the genetics, pathophysiology, symptoms, screening,
treatment and prognosis of cystic fibrosis.
Section 11: CARDIOLOGY

• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric cardiology history and examination.
• Be able to recognise heart murmurs and be able to identify the features of an
innocent murmur.
• Know the causes and presentation features of cyanotic and acyanotic congenital
heart disease.
4
• Know the common chromosomal abnormalities associated with congenital heart
disease.
• Know the importance, and recognise the key features of infective endocarditis and
rheumatic fever.
• Know the features of cardiac failure in children and babies and how this differs from
adult presentations, and know the paediatric causes of cardiac failure.
• Identify the main physiological changes from birth to adulthood
• Deliver age-appropriate cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
Section 12: GASTROENTEROLOGY

• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric gastrointestinal and nutritional
history and examination
• Know the paediatric causes of hepato / splenomegaly
• Know the importance of gastro-oesophageal reflux, haematemesis and rectal
bleeding, celiac disease acute and chronic diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in
childhood, their features and management.
• Know the medical and surgical causes of abdominal pain.
Section 13: HAEMATOLOGY

Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric history and examination relevant to
haematological presentations
Recognise normal from abnormal bruising, and know the differential diagnoses including
NAI, ITP, HSP
Know the emergency management of acute bleeding and sepsis in a child
Be able to interpret haematological and other investigations, knowing the causes of
thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction.
Know the underlying causes of iron deficiency anaemia
Know the presentation features of leukaemia, and the key diagnostic investigations. Be
aware of the principles of management and prognosis.
Know the common inherited clotting disorders.
Know the importance of lymphadenopathy in childhood and be able to describe the
features of benign self-limiting causes from more severe and life threatening causes.
Know the causes of lymphadenopathy including important malignant, infective and
autoimmune causes, and the relevant investigations.
Section 14: ONCOLOCY

• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric history and examination that
considers and aims to exclude or identify malignancy in a child.
• Know the importance of malignancy as a cause of childhood morbidity, mortality
and cause of chronic ill health.
• Know the most common paediatric malignancies, their presentation features, key
diagnostic investigations and key management principles.
5
Section 15: INFECTION
• To understand the concepts of passive and active, live and inactive immunisation
• To understand the rationale for immunisation, and contr-indications to
immunisation
• To know about the incubation, infectivity, clinical features, complications,
treatment and prevention of important and common childhood infections.
• To know how to recognise and manage infective emergencies including
meningococcal infection, epiglottis and other infections compromising the airway,
sepsis in a baby and older children.
Section 16: NEPHROLOGY

• Be able to perform a comprehensive paediatric renal history and examination
• Be able to describe the key functions of the kidney, and understand the relevant
underlying basic science to be able to explain this
• Know the commonest presenting features of paediatric renal disease
• Know the urinary tract abnormalities important in childhood.
• Know the causes of oedema in childhood including non- renal causes
• Know the causes of proteinuria and haematuria in childhood
• Know the causes of nephrotic and nephritic syndrome in childhood, be able to
distinguish between their presentation features, investigation and management.
• Know how to accurately measure and interpret a blood pressure in childhood.
• Know the causes, investigation and emergency management of hypertension
• Know the causes of urinary tract infection in childhood, and the age dependent
investigation and management.
• Know how to collect the best quality urine sample in children of different ages.
• Know the causes, clinical features, and laboratory features of acute and chronic
renal failure, and the principles of management.
• Know how to image the paediatric renal tract
Section 17: PAEDIATRIC DIABETES MELLITUS

• To be able to recognise diabetes in a child
• To know how to manage diabetic emergencies in a child
• To understand about the management of chronic illness in children and adolescents.
• To know about the impact and management of gestational diabetes on the newborn
infant.
Section 18: MANAGEMENT OF COMMON PROBLEMS AND

EMERGENCIES
To be able to recognise and know the management for:
respiratory and airway emergencies
cardiac failure and cardiac arrest
burns and scalds
acute infections
osteomyelitis and septic arthritis
UTI
Poisoning
DKA and hypoglycaemia
Pyrexia
Seizures
6
SIDS
Suspected NAI
Section 19: Paediatric Dermatology
• Be able to perform the appropriate paediatric history and examination for a

dermatological presentation
• Know the common and important paediatric skin lesions and disorders, and the
principles of investigation and management for these conditions.
• Know about the recognition, investigation and management of eczema
• Know the key important infective skin conditions of childhood
Section 20 – PAEDIATRIC SURGERY

• Be able to perform the appropriate paediatric history and examination for a
surgical presentation, including the appropriate emergency assessment
• Understand the principles of fluid management in childhood
• Recognise and know the differential diagnosis, investigation and management of
acute surgical paediatric presentations, including neonatal presentations;
specifically bilious vomiting, acute abdomen, trauma, dehydration or groin pain.
• Recognise the causes, features and management of the vomiting baby
• Know the presentation features and their importance, including the emergency
management of malrotation, volvulus and interssuception, necrotising
enterocolitis, sepsis, atresia presentation, Hirschsprung’s disease, meconium
ileus, and hernias
• Know the important differential diagnosis, investigation and management of groin
presentations in childhood.
• Know the emergency management of a child presenting with trauma including
specific management of head, abdominal, chest pelvic and skeletal trauma
Section 21: PAEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY

• Be comfortable collecting an appropriate paediatric ophthalmological history and
basic examination
• Basic knowledge of common pathological and psychosocial reasons for a
presentation of blindness or reduced visual acuity in the paediatric population
• Know how vision develops throughout childhood and the various milestones
• Understand the basic principles of amblyopia, squints and their management.
• Know the ophthalmological component of the baby check, and be able to
recognise an absent or abnormal red reflex, and understand the importance of
prompt referral
• Know some of the ophthalmological associations with paediatric systemic
disease
• Be familiar with the common eye presentations and their management, including
nasolacrimal duct obstruction, conjunctivitis, and allergic eye disease.
Section 22: Paediatric ENT
7
• Be able to perform an appropriate paediatric ENT history and examination
• Be aware of the presentation features of deafness in babies and children
• Know the common and important causes of congenital and acquired deafness in
childhood
• Know the common paediatric ENT presentations and how they are managed,
specifically otitis media, acute tonsillitis, chronic tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy,
nasal obstruction, obstructive sleep apnoea and how to take a sleep history, and
allergic rhinitis
• Know the causes and assessment of acute and chronic stridor
• Know how to assess and the differential diagnosis of a lump or mass in the head
and neck.
Section 23 – PSYCHIATRY
• Be able to perform an appropriate psychiatric history and examination including a
mental state examination, developmental history and assess the social context.
• Be aware of the challenges of making a psychiatric diagnosis during the development
phases of childhood.
• Have a basic knowledge of:
o Internalising & Externalising Behaviour Disorders
o The Biopsychosocial Model - ADHD
o Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
o Conduct Disorder
o Reactive Attachment Disorder
o Anxiety Disorders
o Childhood Depression
o The Developmental Disorders
o Tic Disorders
o Feeding Difficulties
o Eating Disorders
Section 24 - RADIOLOGY
• Have an understanding of the different radiology modalities.
• Have a systematic approach when assessing an image that covers each of the
following important conditions in each anatomical area: chest, abdomen and
genitourinary, head, and musculoskeletal.
Section 25: Adolescence

Know the developmental changes of adolescence
Know the principles of adolescent management.
Be able to perform a HEADS assessment
Be able to assess and interpret growth and pubertal delay in a teenager
Section 26: Paediatric Pharmacy
• Explain the issues surrounding medication compliance in paediatrics
8
• Critique the different routes which may be used for drug administration
• Perform a dose calculation for drugs commonly used in paediatrics
• Explain the differences in drug metabolism in babies and children
Section 27: Ethics
To understand the ethical issues around the care of children including

Parental rights
Duty of Care
Communication
Decision making
Emergency situations
Access to medical records
Sexual health and contraception
9
Emergency Medicine Clinical Skills Logbook:
List of Skills and level of proficiency expected
MB ChB 4/5 Glasgow Medical School
During your Emergency Medicine attachment, you should complete the log below to ensure you have reached the necessary level of supervision
required by the end of your attachment. The level required by the end of Emergency Medicine is pre-populated in the log below. The supervision
scale provides a descriptor to each level. Each of the clinical or procedural skills must be dated and signed by the person that you observed or
were supervised by. This log will form part of your end of attachment assessment with your Educational Supervisor. Please refer to full GMC
descriptors of each clinical and procedural skill (separate excel document). Additional clinical and procedural skills not listed can be recorded on
the extra (blank) table appended to this log below
Clinical and Procedural Skills Level Required Supervisor Name/Designation Date
1. Take baseline physiological observations and record appropriately Indirect supervision
2. Carry out peak flow respiratory function test Indirect supervision
3. Take blood cultures Indirect supervision
4. Carry out arterial blood gas and acid base sampling Direct supervision
5. Carry out venepuncture indirect supervision
6. Measure capillary blood glucose Indirect supervision
7. Carry out a urine multi dipstick test Indirect supervision
8. Carry out a 3- and 12-lead electrocardiogram Indirect supervision
9. Set up an infusion Direct supervision
10. Instruct patients in the use of devices for inhaled medication Indirect supervision
11. Prescribe and administer oxygen Direct supervision
12. Carry out intravenous cannulation Indirect supervision
13. Carry out safe and appropriate blood transfusion Observation
14. Carry out male and female urinary catheterisation Direct supervision
15. Carry out wound care and basic wound closure and dressing Direct supervision
16. Use local anaesthetics Direct supervision
CLINICAL AND PROCEDURAL SKILLS (CAPS) SUPERVISION SCALE
Level of Supervision Explanatory notes
Observation of the activity – no
Student observing procedure being performed on the patient.
execution
The newly qualified doctor is ready to perform the procedure on a patient under direct supervision.
This means that the newly qualified doctor will have performed the procedure on real patients during
Safe to practise under direct medical school under direct supervision. By direct supervision, we mean that the medical student or newly
supervision qualified doctor will have a supervisor with them observing their practice as they perform the procedure.
As the newly qualified doctor’s experience and skill becomes sufficient to allow them to perform the
procedure safely they will move to performing the procedure under indirect supervision.
The newly qualified doctor is ready to perform the procedure on a patient under indirect supervision. This
means that the newly qualified doctor will have performed the procedure on real patients during medical
Safe to practise under indirect school under direct supervision at first and, as their experience and skill became sufficient to allow them to
supervision perform the procedure safely, with indirect supervision. By indirect supervision, we mean that the newly
qualified doctor is able to access support to perform the procedure if they need to – for example by
locating a colleague and asking for help.
ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES
Procedure Age Gender Date Supervisor

EXTRACT FROM THE YEAR 4/5 STUDENT HANDBOOK FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/20
THE SCOPE OF THE YEAR 4/5

GENERAL PRACTICE ATTACHMENT
The following is intended to signpost what you may expect to experience and learn
during your five weeks in general practice. It is intended to help you shape what you
wish to achieve from your attachment. Pull from it what you need; it is not an
exhaustive tick list!
This list was compiled by GP educational supervisors and GP educators who have
many years of collective experience in teaching Glasgow medical students. They also
represent the diversity of general practice as it currently stands in the West of
Scotland.
Knowledge Skills Attributes (attitudes

and values)
Clinical presentations Focused clinical history Professionalism
in general practice taking
With patients
• Unfiltered Health promotion and Respect for patients
presentations education autonomy, lifestyle, and
• First presentations culture
• Common Non judgemental
conditions approach
• Minor illnesses Empathic approach
• GP emergencies Demonstrate enthusiasm
• Acute illness in and interest
children Sense of humour
• Role of social
factors With yourself
Professional confidence
Awareness of limitations
Awareness of personal
health/disabilities/mental
health
Reflexive about personal
beliefs and values
Manage your own
learning
Awareness of Good
Medical Practice
With colleagues
Appropriate conduct and
demeanour
Appropriate dress code
Good timekeeping
Good 'housekeeping'
skills
Willingness to be a team
player
Clinical management in Targeted clinical Ethics in general

general practice examination practice
• Management of Including awareness of • Awareness of

self limiting illness normal variation topical ethical
• Appropriate use of issues in general
investigations practice
• Prescribing of • Consent
commonly used • Confidentiality
drugs • Managing
• Role of complaints
polypharmacy • Role of the
• Range of pharmaceutical
management industry
options
• Chronic disease
management
• Rehabilitation
• Palliative care
• Awareness of
alternative
therapies
• Evidence based
medicine
• Role of guidelines
and protocols
The patient in general Communication and

practice consultation skills
• Self management • Verbal and non-

of symptoms and verbal
conditions • Listening
• The patient's • Dealing with
journey through hidden agendas
health care • Dealing with
• The patients’
biopsychosocial expectations
approach to health
• Holism in health • Information-
care sharing and
• Continuity of care decision-making
with patients
• Patients with a
wide range of
communication
needs
• Patience with
'difficult patients' or
'heartsink patients'
• Angry/upset
patients
• Working with
interpreters
• Communication
with colleagues
• IT skills
General practice as an Practical skills

organisation
• Blood pressure
• Organisation of measurement
primary care • Urinanalysis
including out of • Peak flow
hours measurement
• Role of team • Use of inhaler
members instructions
• General practice • Use of nebuliser
as a business and • Venepuncture
as part of the NHS • Administering
• Integration of injections
general practice • Writing a
with the wider prescription
health service • Writing a
• Interaction of prescription for
general practice controlled drugs
with other • Writing a
agencies (e.g., death/cremation
social work) certificate
• Role of general • When to contact
practice in the the procurator
health of the public fiscal
• Notifiable diseases
• Infection control
Problem solving and

management
• Reaching a
diagnosis from
symptom
constellations
• Interpreting
investigation
results
• Formulating a
management plan
• Dealing with
uncertainty
• Managing time
effectively
• Team working in
primary care
• Appropriate
referral to
secondary care
and other agencies
Master list of clinical presentations in general practice

A group of experienced GP supervisors have sorted the 'master list' into those clinical
presentations you may expect to see in your GP attachment, and those you are
unlikely to see. Use the list as a prompt when compiling your learning objectives, and
to keep a record of the presentations you encounter during your attachment. (See
appendix 2)
Intended Learning Outcomes
Neurology
Clinical Neuroanatomy
Explain basic neuroanatomy and provide examples of how lesions within the nervous system give
rise to clinical signs.
Describe the structure of nervous system
Specify examples of what clinical signs might be seen with lesions at the following levels:
- Cerebral hemispheres (Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe)
- Diencephalon
- Spinal cord (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)
- Cauda equina
- Nerve roots
- Nerve plexi (Brachial, Lumbosacral, Peripheral Nerves
- Upper limb (Median, Radial, Ulnar)
- Lower limb (Sciatic, Common peroneal
- Visual pathway (Optic nerve, Optic chiasm, Optic tract)
Seizures and epilepsy

Outline causes for loss of consciousness
Describe features within the history that help in identifying cause for loss of consciousness
Describe the definition of seizures and epilepsy
Outline briefly the different types of seizure
Discuss investigation of loss of consciousness
Outline longer-term management of epilepsy
Describe management of status epilepticus
Discuss the special considerations of epilepsy in pregnancy
Stroke/TIA
Describe the anatomy of the blood supply to brain
Outline the pathophysiological processes that can result in stroke
Discuss the epidemiology of stroke

Describe the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease
Recognise the clinical presentations of stroke/TIA
Discuss a differential diagnosis for acute stroke including space occupying lesions
Describe the typical onset of a vascular cause of weakness
Describe typical aetiologies of vascular induced weakness
Specify the investigations used to make a diagnosis of stroke/TIA
Describe the role of CT, MRI and vascular imaging in assessment of stroke
Describe the further investigation of a patient with stroke/TIA
Describe the acute management of stroke / TIA
Describe the role of physiotherapy, speech and language therapy and occupational therapy in acute
stroke
Outline secondary prevention and risk factor management in stroke
Discuss briefly the investigation of stroke/TIA in a young person
Headache/Subarachnoid Haemmorhage
Outline the difference between primary headache and secondary headaches syndromes
Describe the important features of taking a history of headache
Explain the significance of clinical signs when examining a patient with headache
Recognise ‘red flag’ symptoms and signs in a patient with headache suggesting secondary causes
Recognise features of high and low pressure headaches
Provide a differential diagnosis for episodic and chronic headache
Outline the assessment and management of episodic and chronic headache
Describe the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of migraine
Outline assessment and investigation of thunderclap headache
To discuss the role of cranial imaging and lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of SAH
To discuss the pathogenesis and management of SAH
Outline the complications of SAH
Multiple sclerosis
Describe the typical onset of an inflammatory cause of weakness
Describe typical aetiologies of inflammation-induced weakness
Outline the diagnosis of MS
Discuss the clinical presentations of MS and diagnosis of MS
Outline the role of investigations such as MRI, lumbar puncture and VERS in the diagnosis of MS
Define the clinical subtypes of MS (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progress, and
progressive relapsing
Outline the management of acute MS relapses
Describe briefly the role of disease modifying drugs in relapsing remitting disease
Define the role of the multidisciplinary team in management of MS patient: MS nurse,

physiotherapist, occupational therapist, psychologist
Parkinson’s disease
Describe the pathological changes seen in Parkinson’s disease
Describe the clinical features of Parkinson’s disease
Outline the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Outline the principles of drug management of Parkinson’s disease
Describe the role of the multi-disciplinary team in management of Parkinson’s disease
Peripheral Neuropathy
Outline the pathogenesis of axonal and demyelinating processes in peripheral neuropathy
Outline the common causes for peripheral neuropathy
Describe common clinical patterns of neuropathy (including distal symmetrical length-dependent

polyneuropathy and common mononeuropathies)
Outline the role of blood tests, nerve conduction studies and lumbar puncture in the assessment of
peripheral neuropathy
Myasthenia Gravis
Describe the basics about the presentation, diagnosis, investigation and management of Myasthenia
Gravis
Motor neurone disease
Describe the basics about the presentation, diagnosis, investigation and management of Motor
neurone disease
Cervical spondylosis
Describe the basics about the presentation, diagnosis, investigation and management of cervical
spondylosis
Dementia
Describe the basics about the presentation, diagnosis, common types, investigation and
management of dementia
Acute confusional state

Describe the basics about investigation and management of acute confusion state
Year 4/5 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Learning Outcomes
Early Pregnancy Problems

Understand define and describe normal early pregnancy
□
Define the early pregnancy problem of Miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage including
causes and associated risk factors □
Define the early pregnancy problem of ectopic pregnancy including risk factors,
complications and recurrence □
Define the early pregnancy problem of Gestational trophoblastic disease
□
Define the early pregnancy problem of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
□
Describe the investigation of women presenting in early pregnancy with pain or
bleeding including the indications and interpretation of □
Ultrasound scan □
Serum BHCG □
Rhesus status and Anti-D
□
Describe the options, indications and success of the management of miscarriage
expectant □
medical □
surgical □
Describe the options, indications and success of the management of ectopic
pregnancy
expectant □
medical □
surgical
□
Describe the management of women with gestational trophoblastic disease including
awareness of centralised follow up at specialist centres (Dundee in Scotland) □
Describe the management of women with hyperemesis gravidarum
□
University of Glasgow, O&G 1

ILO V2 June 2016
Infertility
Define infertility
□
Define primary and secondary infertility
□
Be aware of the incidence of infertility in the population
□
Be aware of basic reproductive physiology and be able to describe causes of infertility
in the context of the following 3 categories □
Sperm (azoospermia and oligospermia) □
Egg (anovulation causes) □
Meet and implant (tubal causes, timing causes).
□
Describe the investigation of the infertile couple
□
Be aware of the management options for infertility including
Ovulation induction (letrizole, clomiphene, GnRH downregulation with gonadotrophin

induction) □
Egg retrieval □
Intrauterine insemination
□
IVF (in-vitro fertilisation)
□
ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection)
□
Describe ovarian hyperstimulation and its main complications
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Gynaecology oncology - Ovary
Describe cancers affecting the ovary
Epithelial (1. high grade serous, 2.ovarian surface epithelium & Mullerian inclusion □
cysts)
Others including germ cell, metastatic □

Be aware of the incidence of cancers affecting the ovary
□
Be aware of the aetiology and risk factors involved in the development of cancers of
the ovary including inherited genetic risks □
Describe the clinical features associated with cancer of the ovary
□
Describe the investigation of women presenting with possible cancer of the ovary /
pelvic mass. □
Be able to calculate and interpret RMI (risk of malignancy index)
□
Be aware of the staging of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging) including metastatic spread
□
Be aware of the prognosis and survival of women with ovarian cancer
□
Be aware of management options for women with ovarian cancer which include
Surgical □
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy / hormonaltherapy □
Palliative medicine □
Be aware of potential screening for ovarian cancer and its current use in practice
□
Be aware of the option of risk reducing surgery and it indications
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Gynaecology oncology – Endometrium
Describe cancers affecting the endometrium

□
Be aware of the incidence of cancers affecting the endometrium
□
the endometrium □
Describe the clinical features associated with cancer of the endometrium
□
Describe the investigation of women presenting with possible cancer of the
endometrium □
Be aware of the staging of endometrial cancer (FIGO staging) including metastatic
spread □
Be aware of the prognosis and survival of women with endometrial cancer
□
Be aware of management options for women with endometrial cancer
Surgical □
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy / hormonal therapy □
Be aware of endometrial hyperplasia as a precursor to endometrial cancer and the risk
of progress with □
Hyperplasia without atypia □
Hyperplasia with atypia □

ILO V2 June 2016
Gynaecology oncology – Cervix
Describe cancers affecting the cervix and the main histological sub-types of
Squamous and glandular □
Be aware of the incidence of cancers affecting the cervix
□
the cervix in particular the role of HPV □
Describe the clinical features associated with cancer of the cervix
□
Describe the investigation of women presenting with possible cancer of the cervix
□
Be aware of the staging of cervical cancer (FIGO staging) including metastatic spread
□
Be aware of the prognosis and survival of women with cervical cancer
□
Be aware of management options for women with cervical cancer
Surgical □
Chemotherapy/radiotherapy □
Be aware of the role of HPV vaccination
□
Be aware of the current cervical screening programme in Scotland
□
Be aware of the pre-cancerous changes of CIN
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Gynaecology oncology –Vulva
Describe cancers affecting the vulva

□
Be aware of the incidence of cancers affecting the vulva
□
the vulva □
Describe the clinical features associated with cancer of the vulva
□
Describe the investigation of women presenting with possible cancer of the vulva
□
Be aware of the staging of vulval cancer (FIGO staging) including metastatic spread
□
Be aware of the prognosis and survival of women with vulval cancer
□
Be aware of management options for women with vulval cancer
Surgical and the role of reconstructive surgery □

Chemotherapy/radiotherapy □
Be aware of the pre-malignant condition of VIN and need for disease monitoring
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Basic practical skills for gynaecology
Understand the importance of knowledge and skills in Gynaecology, and their

applicability across specialities □
Be able to take a full Gynaecology history
□
Define gravidity
□
Define parity
□
Understand the importance of social history in gynaecology
□
Define LMP
□
Be able to perform a gynaecological examination including
Insertion of speculum (Cusco’s) to visualise the vagina and the cervix □

Take a high vaginal swab □
Take a vulvo-vaginal and endocervical swab (and be aware these can be taken by the
patient to screen for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the asymptomatic population)
□
Take a cervical smear □
Perform a bimanual examination and be able to describe the size, position and mobility □
of the uterus
Perform a bimanual examination and be able to describe the size, position and mobility □
of any adenexal masses

ILO V2 June 2016
Menstrual cycle and abnormalities
Describe the main hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis involved in the

menstrual cycle □
Describe the ovarian activity during the menstrual cycle
□
Describe the endometrial changes during the menstrual cycle
□
Define menarche and be aware of average age in the UK
□
Define menopause and be aware of the average age in the UK
□
Define Heavy Menstrual bleeding (HMB)
□
Define causes of HMB
Uterine Pathologies □
HMB in the absence of uterine pathology □
HMB secondary to a clotting disorder □
Describe the clinical assessment and investigation of a patient with HMB including
History
Examination
□
Serum blood tests
□
Imaging techniques □
Pathology samples □
Describe management options for HMB
No treatment □
Non-hormonal □
Hormonal systemic – ‘pseudo-pregnancy’ □
Hormonal systemic – ‘pseudo-menopause’
□
Hormonal local – mirena IUS
□
Hormonal – esmya (Progesterone receptor modulator)
□
Surgical
□
Define Primary Amenorrhoea
□
Define Secondary amenorrhoea
□
Define Oligomenorrhoea
□
ILO V2 June 2016
Be able to define the common causes of primary amenorrhoea and relate these back
to the HPO axis □
Be aware of the Tanner staging of secondary sexual characteristics
□
Be able to define the common causes of secondary amenorrhoea and relate these
back to the HPO axis □
Describe the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS
□
Describe the short term and long term implications for a patient with PCOS
□
Describe the mainstay of management for women with PCOS
□
Define Primary dysmenorrhoea
□
Define secondary dysmenorrhoea
□
Describe the investigation of women with dysmenorrhoea
□
Describe the management of women with dysmenorrhoea
Conservative/lifestyle (exercise, diet) □

Medical non-hormonal □
□
□
Surgical
□
Define intermenstrual bleeding (IMB)
□
Define post-coital bleeding (PCB)
□
Define post-menopausal bleeding (PMB)
□
Describe the causes of IMB, PCB, PMB in terms of anatomical sites
Vulva □
Vagina □
Cervix □
Uterus
□
Describe the assessment, examination and investigation of those presenting with IMB
□
Describe the assessment, examination and investigation of those presenting with PCB
□
Describe the assessment, examination and investigation of those presenting with PMB
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Pelvic pain
Be aware of the presentation of those with pelvic pain can be acute or chronic
□
Be aware of the approximate incidence of pelvic pain
□
Describe the causes of pelvic pain in terms of anatomical sites
Vulva □
Vagina □
Cervix □
Uterus
□
Other
□
Be aware and describe the 3 types of presentations of ovarian cyst events
Cyst rupture □
Cyst haemorrhage □
Cyst torsion □
Be aware that the risk of ovarian malignancy alters with age
□
Be aware of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI)
□
Describe the investigation of those presenting with pelvic pain where an ovarian cyst
event is suspected □
Describe the management of those presenting with an ovarian cyst
□
Be aware of the different nomenclatures which are associated with Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID) (salpingitis, endometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis) □
Describe the complications associated with PID
□
Describe the most common organisms associated with PID
□
Describe the clinical presentation of women with PID
□
Describe the investigation of women with suspected PID
□
Describe the management of women with PID
□
Define endometriosis
□
Define adenomyosis
□
Be aware of possible theories associated with the development of endometriosis
□
Be aware of the common sites for endometriosis to be found
□
ILO V2 June 2016
Describe the clinical presentation of women with endometriosis
□
Describe the assessment and investigation of women suspected to have endometriosis
□
Describe the complications of endometriosis
□
Describe the management options for those affected by endometriosis
No treatment □
Non-hormonal □
□
□
Surgical
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Menopause
Define menopause
□
Define the climacteric
□
Define premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)
□
Describe the HPO axis changes during the menopause and the reason they occur
□
Describe other reasons for menopause to occur and the risk factors associated with an
earlier than expected menopause □
Describe the diagnostic criteria for menopause in women >45 years of age
□
Describe the diagnostic criteria for menopause in women <45 years of age
□
Define the effect of menopause on
Vasomotor symptoms □
Urogenital tract □
Mood □
Libido
□
Bones
□
Cardiovascular and stroke risk
□
Describe the indications for the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
□
Describe the different preparations of HRT available
□
Be aware of the adverse effects of HRT
□
Be aware of the risks associated with HRT and where to access these figures when
counseling a women regarding HRT □
Be aware of fertility in perimenopausal women
□
Be aware of the importance of endometrial protection while receiving HRT
□
Be aware of the alternative non-hormonal therapies available for the management of
vasomotor symptoms and their potential success or lack of evidence surrounding their □
use
urogenital symptoms □
osteoporosis risk in post menopausal women □

ILO V2 June 2016
Urogynaecology
Describe the micturition cycle

□
Describe the mechanisms by which continence in maintained in the female
□
Define incontinence
□
Define Overactive bladder ‘dry’ (OAB dry)
□
Define Overactive bladder ‘ wet’ (OAB wet)
□
Define stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
□
Define Urodynamic stress incontinence (previously genuine stress incontinence)
□
Define risk factors associated with OAB
□
Define risk factors associated with SUI
□
Describe the implications of urinary incontinence on quality of life
□
Define pertinent question in the history taking which will aid in the diagnosis of the type
of urinary stress incontinence □
Describe features on examination
□
Describe the possible investigations and indications for these investigations in the
diagnosis of urinary incontinence
□
Urine dip +/- culture
Bladder diary
□
Cystoscopy/ renal tract imaging
□
Urodynamics □
Describe the management options for OAB
Conservative □
Medical □
Surgical □
Describe the management options for SUI
Conservative □
Medical □
Surgical □

ILO V2 June 2016
Pelvic organ prolapse
Define uterovaginal prolapse

□
Be aware of the pelvic floor anatomy and supports of the uterus and vagina
□
Describe the aetiological factors associated with the development of uterovaginal
prolapse □
Describe the clinical presentation of women with prolapse
Asymptomatic □
Vaginal symptoms □
Sexual difficulties □
Urinary symptoms
□
Bowel symptoms
□
Describe how to examine for a uterovaginal prolapse
□
Describe the grading system for prolapse
□
Define the following types of prolapse
Cystocele □
Urethrocele □
Rectocele □
Enterocele
□
Uterine Prolpase
□
Vaginal Vault Prolapse
□
Describe the management options for women with a uterovaginal prolapse
Conservative (physiotherapy, vaginal pessaries) □

Surgical □
Describe methods of prolapse prevention
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Normal Pregnancy, antenatal care and screening
Describe how to gestation and EDD (expected date of delivery) are derived and
calculated using
LMP and Nageles rule □

Gestation wheel □
Ultrasound
□
Describe the physiological changes associated with pregnancy particularly in the
following systems
Respiratory □
Cardiovascular □
Blood, plasma and ECF volume
□
Haemostasis
□
Renal function
□
Gastrointestinal system
Calcium homeostasis
□
Dermatological changes
□
□
Antenatal care
Describe the purpose of antenatal care

□
Be aware of the visit schedule in normal pregnancy for primiparous and
multiparous women and how antenatal care is organised (midwifery led, □
consultant led, shared care)
Describe what occurs during antenatal booking visit □

Be aware of what is discussed and the investigations and examinations
performed during an antenatal visit
□
Be aware of risk stratification during each antenatal encounter and factors which
can define a pregnancy as ‘high risk’
□
Antenatal screening tests - Maternal testing
Be aware of the screening tests offered in the antenatal period, the reasons why
they are offered and implications for the pregnancy.
□
Specifically you should know about the following tests:
FBC □
Blood grouping □
ILO V2 June 2016
HIV □
Syphilis □
Hepatitis B □
Rubella
□
Haemoglobinopathies
□
Blood glucose testing
□
Antenatal screening tests - Fetal testing
Describe the screening test offered in the antenatal period, how they are
performed, the reasons why they are offered and the implications for the
pregnancy
Free Fetal DNA

□
CUBBS testing □
2nd trimester serum screening □
Amniocentesis □
Chorionic villus sampling □
Dating scan □
Fetal anomaly scanning (FAS)
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Multiple pregnancy
Be aware of the incidence of multiple pregnancy in the UK

□
Describe the risk factors associate with multiple pregnancy
□
Describe the terminology used in the classification of multiple pregnancies and be
aware of the embryological events which determine the type of multiple pregnancy
Zygosity
Chorionicity
□
Amnionicity
□
□
Describe the maternal complications associated with multiple pregnancy
□
Describe the fetal complications associated with multiple pregnancy
□
Describe the management of multiple pregnancy
In the antenatal period □

During delivery □
Be aware of problems which can occur postnatally and support groups available
□
Be aware of specific complications associated with monochorionic pregnancies.
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Labour, delivery and analgesia
Describe the 3 stages of labour

□
Describe the mechanisms of labour including the passage of the baby through the
pelvis and delivery of a baby presenting head first in the correct position (occipito- □
anterior) i.e. a normal SVD
Be aware of how to diagnose labour
Uterine contractions (palpation, CTG interpretation) □

Cervical dilatation □
Describe, complete and interpret the labour partogram
□
Be aware of the differences between the non-pregnant and the pregnant uterus
□
Describe the cervical and uterine mechanisms which facilitate
In-utero development of the infant until term □

Delivery of the infant □
Name the 2 main uterotonic homones and give examples of when each are used in
clinical practice □
Be aware of the tocolytic agents used in clinical practice and why they are used.
□
Define pre-term birth
□
Describe risk factors associated with pre-term delivery
□
Describe complications associated with pre-term delivery
□
Describe the role of steroids in the management of pre-term delivery
□
Define ‘post-dates’ pregnancy
□
Be aware of the clinical problems associated with post-dates pregnancy for the mother
□
Be aware of the clinical problems associated with post-dates pregnancy for the infant
□
Be aware of the methods used for the induction of labour
□
Describe the clinical problems associated with dysfunctional activation of the uterine
contractile machinery, namely
Failure to progress in labour □

Atonic post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) □
Be aware of options for pain management in labour and the possible important
complications associated with their use
Non-pharmacological □
Oral Analgesia □
ILO V2 June 2016
Inhaled Entonox (50:50 oxygen and nitrous oxide) □
Systemic Opiods □
Remifentanil PCA □
Pudendal analgesia
□
Epidural analgesia
□
Spinal anaesthesia
□
General anaesthesia
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Basic practical skills for Obstetrics
Understand the importance of knowledge and skills in Obstetrics, and their applicability
across specialities □
Be able to take a full Obstetric history
□
Define gravidity
□
Define parity
□
Understand the importance of social history in obstetrics
□
Perform basic interpretation of a CTG using DR C BRAVADO
□
Be able to perform an antenatal examination including
Measuring Blood pressure □

Performing a urine dip test □
Measuring and plotting SFH □
Determining lie
□
Determining presentation
□
Determining engagement
□
Listen to fetal heart
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Be aware of the incidence of Diabetes affecting pregnancy in the UK

□
Define Type 1 Diabetes
□
Define Type 2 Diabetes
□
Define Gestational Diabetes
□
Describe Glucose physiology in pregnancy
□
Describe how insulin requirements alter with pregnancy gestation
□
Define the maternal risks of pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy
□
Define the fetal risks of maternal pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy
□
Describe how risks can be reduced
□
Describe features of pre-pregnancy diabetic care and advice
□
Describe features of antenatal care of the pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes
□
Describe the features of intrapartum care specific to mothers with pre-existing diabetes
□
Describe features of post-natal care and advice for mothers with pre-existing diabetes
□
Define risk factors associated with the development of gestation diabetes
□
Describe the screening test which should be offered to women at risk of gestational
diabetes □
Define the short term implications of GDM for the mother and fetus
□
Define the long term implications of GDM for the mother and fetus
□
Describe the antenatal management of women who develop GDM
□
Describe the intrapartum management of women who develop GDM
□
Describe the postpartum management of women who develop GDM
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Thyroid disease in Pregnancy
Be aware of the incidence of thyroid disease affecting pregnancy in the UK

□
Describe the changes in thyroid function relating to pregnancy
□
Be aware of pregnancy specific values for the interpretation of thyroid function tests
□
Be aware of independent fetal thyroid function from approximately 12 weeks gestation
□
Describe the outcomes of pregnancy where there is maternal hypothyroidism
□
Describe the management of pregnancy where there is maternal hypothyroidism
□
Describe the maternal clinical features associated with hyperthyroidism
□
Describe the outcomes for pregnancies where there is maternal hyperthyroidism
□
Describe the management of pregnancy where there is maternal hyperthyroidism
□
Describe the immunological basis of graves disease an monitoring required in
pregnancy □
Describe how maternal graves disease can affect the infant
Fetal thyrotoxicosis □
Neonatal thyrotoxicosis □
Be aware of the management of women in pregnancy who now require thyroxine
replacement therapy following a previous diagnosis of Graves disease □

ILO V2 June 2016
Epilepsy in Pregnancy
Be aware of the incidence of epilepsy affecting pregnancy in the UK

□
Describe the effects of epilepsy of fertility and contraception
□
Be aware of the need for pre-pregnancy planning
□
Be aware of the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
□
Be aware of the need for higher dose folic acid pre-pregnancy
□
Describe the effects of pregnancy on seizure control
□
Be aware of the need for case registration
□
Describe the complications of pregnancy associated with maternal epilepsy
□
Describe the management of pregnancy where there is maternal epilepsy
□
Describe the management of labour and delivery where there is maternal epilepsy
□
Describe the considerations for the postnatal period where there is maternal epilepsy
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Varicella in Pregnancy
Describe the varicella zoster virus and its method of spread and infectivity
□
Define the overall level of seroconversion in the general population of pregnant women
□
Describe the 2 most common clinical presentations of varicella zoster infection
□
Describe the maternal complications of primary varicella zoster infection in pregnancy
□
Describe the fetal complication of maternal primary varicella zoster infection in
pregnancy <20 weeks □
Describe the neonatal complication of maternal primary varicella zoster infection in late
pregnancy □
Describe the risk assessment of women exposed to varicella zoster infection during
pregnancy
□
History
Serum IgM and IgG testing

□
Be aware of the role of Varicella Zoster immunoglobulin in pregnancy (VZIG)
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Rhesus disease in Pregnancy
Describe the inheritance of rhesus status

□
Describe the immunological response when a mother who is Rh negative encounters
red blood cells expressing the Rh antigen □
Describe potential sensitising events
Non pregnant exposure □

Early pregnancy □
Late pregnancy □
Describe the immunological basis of haemolytic disease of the newborn
□
Describe haemolytic disease and its presentation and consequence in the antenatal
period □
Describe haemolytic disease and its presentation and consequences for the newborn
□
Describe monitoring of the pregnancy during the antenatal period
Antibody titres □
Fetal scanning □
Describe methods of preventing Rh disease and the use of Anti-D
□
Be aware of the management of pregnancy affected by haemolytic disease in-utero
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Skin disease in Pregnancy
Be aware of normal physiological changes to the skin in pregnancy
Hyperpigmentation □
Striae gravidarum □
Hair and nail changes □
Vascular – angiomas, spider naevi
□
Greasier skin
□
Pruritis
□
Be aware of pregnancy specific dermatoses and their basic management
Atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP) □

Polymorphic Eruption of pregnancy (PEP) □
Pemphigoid Gestationis (PG) □
Other conditions for self study
Essential Hypertension
□
Cardiac disease
□
Renal Disease
□
Liver disease (Including hepatitis, obstetric cholestasis)
□
Inflammatory Bowel conditions
□
Blood (thrombocytopenia, thrombosis)
□
Connective tissue disease
□
Maternal BMI
□
Maternal Age
□

ILO V2 June 2016
Maternal mortality, UK reporting systems and teamworking
Be aware of the reporting system for adverse outcomes and maternal deaths in
obstetrics in the UK □
Define maternal death
□
Define direct maternal death
□
Define indirect maternal death
□
Define coincidental maternal death
□
Define late maternal death
□
Be aware of the leading cause of indirect maternal deaths in the UK
□
Be aware of the leading cause of direct maternal deaths in the UK
□
Be aware of the leading cause of late maternal deaths in the UK
□
Show an awareness of the importance of non-technical skills and teamworking in
Obstetric emergencies and how these skills can transfer to working in other medical □
specialities

ILO V2 June 2016
Haemorrhage in O&G
Define Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH)

□
Describe the causes of APH
Placenta previa □
Placental abruption (concealed and visible bleeding) □
Vasa previa □
Uterine rupture
□
Local causes
-Vulval (trauma, infection, dermatosis) □
-Vaginal (trauma, infection)
-Cervical (polyp, ectropion, cancer, infection)
-(urinary/bowel)
Define post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)

□
Define primary PPH
□
Define secondary PPH
□
Describe the 4 main categories of causes of PPH (the 4 Ts)
□
Be aware that risk of PPH can be determined by factors identified in the antenatal
period and intrapartum events □
Describe the ‘A, B, C’ approach to the initial management of PPH
□
Be aware of the Pharmacological management of PPH ‘
□
Syntocinon
Ergometrine
Carboprost
Misoprostol
Be aware of the surgical management of PPH
□
Bimanual compression
Manual removal of placenta
Balloon tamponade
B-lynch suture
Uterine artery embolisation/ligation
hysterectomy
Be aware of the 2 main causes of significant haemorrhage in early pregnancy
(Miscarriage & Ectopic pregnancy) □
ILO V2 June 2016
Hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
Be aware of the normal physiological changes to Blood Pressure during pregnancy

□
Define hypertension in pregnancy based on NICE guidelines (mild, moderate, severe)
□
Define essential/chronic hypertension
□
Define gestational hypertension
□
Define Pre-eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia
□
Define eclampsia
□
Be aware of the signs and symptoms associated with pre-eclampsia
□
Describe the maternal complications of pre-eclampsia
□
Describe the fetal complications of pre-eclampsia
□
Define antenatal risks associated with the development of pre-eclampsia
□
Describe interventions to reduce the risk of developing pre-eclampsia
□
Be aware of the pharmacological therapies used in the management of hypertension in
pregnancy □
Be aware of the pharmacological therapy of choice in the management and prevention
of eclampsia (Magnesium Sulphate) □
Be aware of the ‘A,B,C’ approach in the initial management of eclampsia
□
Be aware of the risk of recurrent pre-eclampsia in future pregnancies
□
Be aware of the association between hypertension or pre-eclampsia in pregnancy and
the development of hypertension in the future □

ILO V2 June 2016
Maternal Collapse
Define maternal collapse

□
Be aware of the low incidence of maternal collapse and maternal death in UK
□
Be aware of the need to drills and training in the management of maternal collapse
□
Know the safe ‘A,B,C’ approach to all collapsed patients
□
Know the resuscitation council algorithm or CPR
□
Be aware of physiological changes in pregnancy and how these can affect
resuscitation attempts □
Be aware of additional maneuvers required in the resuscitation of the pregnant woman
Lateral displacement of the uterus □

Consideration of perimortem caesarean delivery primarily to facilitate maternal
resuscitation attempts
□
When considering causes of collapse in the pregnant women consider eclampsia

(including Magnesium Sulphate toxicity) and amniotic fluid embolus in addition to the □
usual ‘4Hs’ and ‘4Ts’

ILO V2 June 2016
“Eyes & Vision Curriculum” for Undergraduate and Foundation Doctors
Examination of the eye and adnexa is an important part of the general examination of a patient.
The eye may reveal a wide variety of systemic diseases and eye pathology is ever more common
in the ageing population for whom we need to provide care.
An understanding of the effects of eye disease is critical to holistic patient care. Reduced visual
function can have wide spread implications on the mobility, independence and psychological
wellbeing of all patients.
Ophthalmic complaints are common and past estimates suggest that 6% of casualty attendances
and 1.5% of GP consultations are ophthalmic. A number of acute ophthalmological conditions
can be readily treated if recognised in their early stages and all doctors should be able to
recognise these.
In addition, sight loss is an increasing health concern in the UK with an ageing population. An
essential part of clinical work is to effectively diagnose, treat and refer people with an eye
condition.
For the Undergraduate

The attached list of core knowledge, clinical skills and learning objectives is not designed to
replace your own medical school ophthalmology curriculum but to serve as a guide to
learning.
A. KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge of Anatomy to include:

Anatomy of the eye and orbit
Anatomy of the carotid artery system in relationship to ocular disorders
Anatomy of the neuronal pathways for the pupils
Anatomy of chiasm/tract/radiation/visual cortex
Anatomy of the extraocular muscles and their association in cranial nerve palsies.
Knowledge of Physiology to include:

Aqueous production and intraocular pressure
Ciliary muscles/accommodation
Lens and presbyopia
Retinal function
1
B. CORE CLINICAL SKILLS that need to be acquired
Ophthalmic history: taking with emphasis on being able to elicit an accurate history of visual
loss.
“Visual loss”:
Pain
Duration
Degree of vision loss
Permanent or transient - periodicity
Central or peripheral loss
Progression – getting better or worse
One or both eyes
Associated symptoms (flashes and floaters, pain, redness)
Visual Acuity: Assess basic visual acuity of the patient and the effect of pin hole. Understand the
different visual acuity charts and their significance:
Snellen chart: based on a 6 Meter chart in the UK and a 20 foot chart in the USA. 6/6
and 20/20 is regarded as “normal vision”
LogMAR charts (Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution): initially used as a
research tool but are now common place in the clinical setting due to their greater
accuracy.
There is no direct correlation between LogMAR and the better recognised Snellen. A conversion
table is the best way to compare the two.
Visual Fields:
Recognise the basic types of visual field examination (confrontation, Goldmann and
automated perimetry).
Interpret visual field defects, especially homonymous hemianopia and bitemporal
hemianopia.
Pupils:
Demonstrate pupil examination and interpret abnormal pupillary reflexes and localise
the level of pathology in context of the pupillary pathway.
Ophthalmoscopy:
Perform a competent clinical examination of an eye with a pen torch and a direct
ophthalmoscope.
Describe the appearance of the optic disc and important retinal landmarks, as well as
their orientation and dimensions with ophthalmoscope.
Demonstrate the red reflex.
Eye Movements:
Outline the actions of different extraocular muscles and associated eye movements.
Demonstrate eye movement (ocular motility) examination
Cover /uncover test
Understand cranial nerve palsies and their ocular manifestations - – II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
2
C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the presentation, clinical features, management and treatment of common

ophthalmological conditions to include:
Cataract
Primary open angle glaucoma
Angle closure glaucoma
Diabetic eye disease and retinopathy grading
Dry and wet age related macular degeneration
Retinal venous and arterial occlusion
Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (arteritic and non arteritic)
Retinal detachment
Strabismus
Lid lumps and periocular tumours
Describe the typical clinical features and explain the management of common causes of a red
eye to include:
Eyelid disorders
Conjunctivitis (bacterial, viral )
Scleritis/episcleritis
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage
Corneal abrasion, corneal foreign body
Keratitis including HSK (Herpes Simplex Keratitis)
Complications of contact lens wear
Anterior uveitis
Acute angle closure glaucoma
The eye in ITU
Recognise common causes of reduced vision:

Acute
Vascular – AION (Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy), retinal venous and arterial
occlusion
Retinal detachment
Vitreous Haemorrhage
Wet Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)
Acute glaucoma (painful)
Chronic
Cataract
Dry ARMD
Glaucoma
Paediatrics - Describe the typical clinical features and explain the management of a range of
common conditions in infants and children to include:
Sticky eye
Refractive error
Amblyopia
Strabismus
3
Awareness of emergency paediatric ophthalmic conditions such as non-accidental injury
(NAI) and retinoblastoma which require urgent action.
Multisystem Diseases - Understand the typical ophthalmological complications seen in
multisystem diseases and explain appropriate tests for screening and diagnosis, and ophthalmic
interventions
Diabetes
Hypertension
HIV
Multiple Sclerosis,
Sarcoidosis and TB
Rheumatology
Thyroid disease
Stroke
Giant cell arteritis
Common ophthalmic trauma - Understand the detection and emergency management of:
Blunt and penetrating trauma
Chemical trauma
Orbital cellulitis
Understand the common and relevant investigations performed in Ophthalmology for

diagnosis and treatment plans:
Describe the use of vital dyes and mydriatics to aid in diagnosis of ocular disease.
Understand the basic concepts of ophthalmic imaging including ultrasonography, fundus
fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, visual fields, biometry for
cataract surgery and neuro-imaging.
Recognise the more common procedures performed in Ophthalmology:

Cataract surgery
Retinal laser
Intravitreal injections
Visual impairment
Understand the role and relationship of the diverse team of healthcare professionals
involved in ophthalmic care.
Recognise the visual requirements for driving (visual acuity and visual field)
Demonstrate an awareness of visual impairment and its implications to the individual,
family and society.
Appreciate the value and implications of registration of the visually impaired.
Understand the concept of low visual aids.
Awareness of Charles Bonnet Syndrome and visual hallucinations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
For Foundation Doctors and GP Trainees.
The following is the minimum ophthalmology tool-kit (M.O.T.) you need to be a safe doctor,
whether working in primary care, A&E, ITU, in the out-patient department or on the wards.
Refer to the undergraduate curriculum for an expanded version of core knowledge, clinical skills
and learning objectives.
[A] ESSENTIAL OPHTHALMOLOGY KNOWLEDGE

1. Basic ophthalmic history
2. Basic ophthalmic terminology
3. Assessing vision
4. Assessing pupils
5. Assessing eye movements
6. Assessing the front of the eye
Pen-torch examination
7. Assessing the back of the eye
Using an ophthalmoscope effectively
[B] AWARENESS OF AND RAPID RECOGNITION OF LIFE AND/OR SIGHT-THREATENING

OPHTHALMIC PROBLEMS
With systemic implications:

Papilloedema and raised intracranial pressure
Giant cell arteritis (arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy)
Third cranial nerve palsy secondary to enlarging intracranial aneurysm
Expanding pituitary tumour
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Orbital cellulitis
Optic neuritis
Severe thyroid eye disease
Severe chemical injury
Penetrating eye trauma
Acute traumatic orbital haemorrhage
Non-accidental injury in children
Retinoblastoma in children
Sight threatening:
Corneal abscess (including exposure keratitis in ITU patients)

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Acute retinal arterial occlusion
Retinal detachment
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and vitreous haemorrhage (including in pregnancy)
Infectious post-op endophthalmitis
Endogenous endophthalmitis
Scleritis
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Wet macular degeneration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
Resources Available
Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology (Oxford Medical Handbooks) – 3rd edition

by Alastair Denniston (Editor), Philip Murray (Editor)
Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology Paperback – 2nd edition

by Timothy L Jackson (Author, Editor)
Pocket Tutor Ophthalmology Paperback – 2012

Shyamanga Borooah (Author), Mark Wright (Author), Bal Dhillon (Author)
Lecture Notes: Ophthalmology Paperback – 10th edition

by Bruce James (Author), Anthony Bron (Author)
www.ophthalmologytraining.com. Ophthalmology Training is an animated online resource for

anyone learning the key principles of Ophthalmology
International Council of Ophthalmology

Handbook for Medical Students
Learning Ophthalmology – edited and updated 2015 (pdf)
6
University*of*Glasgow*Otolaryngology*Intended*Learning*Outcomes*(ILOs)!
!
!
Otolaryngology!
Intended!Learning!Outcomes!(ILOs)!
!
This!document!outlines!the!listed!ILOs!for!Otolaryngology.!This!will!be!examined!in!the!Year!5!
summative!written!examinations.!It!is!important!that!we!impress!upon!you!the!limitation!of!any!ILOs!
in!their!application!to!a!vocational!professional!course!such!as!medicine.!
!
ILOs!may!be!useful!in!providing!a!‘shopping!list’!of!conditions!that!you!will!be!expected!to!describe!
and!anticipate.!The!depth!and!extent!of!your!knowledge!of!each!condition!will!be!a!joint!function!of!
the!condition’s!frequency!and!its!gravity.!
!
These!ILOs!are!based!on!those!on!the!Student!and!Foundation!Doctors!in!Otolaryngology!(SFO!UK)!
(Website:! http://sfo.entuk.org/services/undergraduateNcurriculum)! and! developed! with! extensive!
input! from! ENT! surgeons,! General! Practitioners,! General! Medicine! and! Emergency! Medicine!
physicians!across!the!United!Kingdom!and!reflects!the!Otolaryngology!conditions!that!you!will!see!in!
these!specialties.!
!
Please!use!the!ILOs!to!make!sure!you!are!familiar!with!the!top!presentations,!and!have!covered!all!
common! and! important! conditions.! The! list! does! not! comprise! of! the! entire! coda! for! successful!
medical!practice!but!will!provide!you!with!a!solid!platform!from!which!to!build!upon.!More!detailed!
explanations!and!outlines!will!be!available!in!the!standard!textbooks.!Any!elucidation!or!expansion!
can!be!obtained!there.!
!
Even!more!important!is!the!point!that!ILOs!will!point!you!in!the!correct!direction!to!pass!our!written!
exam,!but!that!this!is!only!part!of!the!story.!Final!exams!function!as!‘objective!proof’!for!the!general!
public!that!you!have!enough!knowledge!to!function!as!a!doctor.!As!you!will!see!during!your!time!on!
the! wards,! however,! being! a! doctor! requires! much! more! than! knowledge;! as! well! as! being! able! to!
imitate!and!build!on!the!activities!you!witness!in!your!clinical!placements,!it!is!imperative!that!you!
acquire!skills,!behaviours,!specific!attitudes,!and!commitment!to!your!patients’!well!being.!These!are!
well!described!in!GMC!documents!such!as!Tomorrow’s!Doctors!3,!and!will!be!‘proved’!not!by!exams,!
but!by!our!monitoring!and!the!feedback!you!receive,!culminating!in!the!portfolio!signed!off!at!the!end!
of!the!Preparation!for!Practice!module.!
!
Good!luck!and!work!hard!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ENT ILOs Updated July 2018 MY/ MS Nov 2018 Uploaded Feb 2019 1
Level!Descriptor!
!
This!document!sets!out!the!core!knowledge!expected!at!the!completion!of!Phase!4.!At!the!completion!
of! Preparation! for! Practice! you! will! also! be! expected! to! describe! the! steps! required! to! provide!
immediate!care!for!the!conditions!designated!with!an!asterisk!(*)!in!the!tables!below.!These!tables!
will! also! provide! descriptors! of! the! level! of! knowledge! required! for! all! of! the! common! and/or!
important! surgical! conditions! and! an! outline! of! the! level! of! knowledge! for! the! common! and/or!
important!conditions!within!a!valid!differential!diagnosis.!These!have!been!graded!level!A,!B!or!C!to!
acknowledge! the! joint! function! of! the! conditions! frequency! and! gravity.! Your! level! of! knowledge!
should!continue!to!improve!with!time!in!line!with!the!principles!of!a!spiral!curriculum.!
!
Level!of!Knowledge!expected!for!Common/Important!presentations!
!
All!! ·!Interpret!findings!from!history!and!examination!to!
! recognise!the!presentation/s!
·!Demonstrate!and!apply!knowledge!of!the!causes!of!the!
presentation/s!to!support!inclusion!in!a!differential!
diagnosis!
·!Formulate!a!plan!of!investigation!
!
C! ·!Interpret!findings!from!history!and!examination!to!
! recognise!the!condition/s!
·!Demonstrate!and!apply!knowledge!of!the!condition/s!
to!support!inclusion!in!a!differential!diagnosis!
!
B! =!C!+!
·!Formulate!a!plan!of!investigation!
!
A!! =!B!+!
! ·!Synthesise!a!full!assessment!of!the!patient’s!problems!
·!Define!a!likely!final!diagnosis!
·!Formulate!a!plan!for!management!
·!Recognise!complications!
·!Estimate!prognosis!and!outline!prevention!(where!relevant)!
!
!
!
NOTE:!These!ILOs!are!based!on!those!on!the!Student!and!Foundation!Doctors!in!Otolaryngology!(SFO!
UK)!Website:!http://sfo.entuk.org/services/undergraduateNcurriculum.!
CORE!KNOWLEDGE!FOR!OTOLARYNGOLOGY!
• Be!able!to!describe!the!normal!structure!and!function!and!pathophysiology!in!disease!of!the!
following.!
• Understand! how! common! ear! disorders! affect! an! individual’s! ability! to! contribute! to! family!
life,!work!and!society!especially!hearing!loss,!loss!of!balance!and!tinnitus.!
• Understand!the!incidence/prevalence!and!prognosis!of!common!otolaryngology!conditions!
• Be!aware!of!red!flag!symptoms!and!fast!track!referral!of!head!and!neck!malignancy.!
• Basic!knowledge!of!different!types!of!hearing!aid!available!including!bone!anchored!hearing!
aids!and!cochlear!implants!
• Be!aware!of!the!current!criteria!for!recommending!tonsillectomy:!!
• http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign117.pdf!
• Have!a!basic!knowledge!of!the!following!otolaryngology!procedures,!operative!sequelae!and!
aftercare:!Tonsilectomy,!adenoidectomy,!laryngectomy,!tracheostomy,!thyroidectomy,!
endoscopic!sinus!surgery,!septoplasty!
!
Otology:!
The!Ear!with!particular!reference!to;!
! Tympanic!Membrane!
! Middle!ear!
Labyrinth!
Physiology!of!hearing!and!balance!
Neck:!
! Neck!
! Oral!cavity!
! Thyroid!
! Pharynx!and!Larynx!
! Salivary!glands!
! Physiology!of!swallowing!
Rhinology:!
! External!nose!
! Nasal!passages!
! Sinuses!and!paranasal!sinuses!
! Physiology!of!taste!and!smell!
!
OTOLARYNGOLOGICAL!EMERGENCIES!
Be!able!to!provide!immediate!care!including!basic!and!advanced!life!support!with!appropriate!
referral!to!the!specialist!in!ENT!emergencies!including:!
!
Airway!obstruction!
Foreign!body!in:!Throat,!ear!or!nose!
Head!and!Neck!trauma:!Tympanic!membrane!injury,!fractured!nose,!and!septal!haematoma!
Epistaxis!
Resuscitation!of!a!patient!with!a!tracheostomy!or!laryngectomy!
!
CORE!HISTORY!AND!EXAMINATION!FOR!OTOLARYNGOLOGY!
!
History:!!
Be!able!to!take!a!full!history!relevant!to!common!and!or!important!presentation!
!
Examinations:!
Be!able!to!perform!the!following!specific!examinations,!obtaining!appropriate!consent!and!
recognising!the!conditions!required!when!conducting!intimate!examinations!!
!
Oral!cavity!and!oropharynx!with!head!torch!and!tongue!depressor!
Nose!with!head!torch!and!Thudicum’s!speculum!
Neck!
Ear!including!the!external!auditory!meatus!using!the!otoscope!
Hearing!using!clinical!voice!tests!
Basic!clinical!balance!tests!including!Romberg!and!Hallpike!tests!
!
Relevant!cranial!nerve!
!
Be!able!to!discuss!the!principles!of!the!following!specific!examinations:!
!
Flexible!and!rigid!endoscopy!of!the!upper!airways!
Fine!needle!aspiration!for!cytology!
!
Otology!
!
Common!and!Important!presentations!
Hearing!loss,!loss!of!balance,!vertigo,!dizziness,!tinnitus,!!
!
Learning!Point! Phase!4! Paediatrics! Preparation!
Otolaryngology! for!Practice!
Otitis!externa!! A! ! *!
!
Skull!base!osteomyelitis! B! ! *!
Acute!otitis!media!! A! A! *!
Otitis!media!with!effusion!! B! B! !
Tympanic!membrane! A! A! *!
perforation!
Chronic!otitis!media! A! A! *!
including!cholesteatoma!
Facial!palsy! A! *! *!
Otosclerosis!! A! ! !
Grommet!insertion!! C! C! !
Benign!Paroxysmal! ! ! !
Positional!Vertigo!(BPPV)!!
Vestibular!neuronitis! B! ! !
Meniere’s!Disease! A! ! !
Vestibular!schwannoma! C! ! !
(acoustic!neuroma)!!
!
Otology!–!Paediatric!specific!topics!
Learning!Point! Paediatrics!
Prominent!ears! B!
Neonatal!screening! C!
programme!
Speech!and!Language! C!
development!
!
!
!
!
!
Head!and!Neck!
!
Goitre,!neck!lump,!dysphagia,!dysphonia,!facial!pain!!
!
Carcinoma!of!the! A! ! *!
mouth,!larynx,!
nasopharynx!and!
pharynx!
Carcinoma!of!the! C! ! !
oesophagus!
lymphoma!! C! ! !
Goitre! A! ! *!
Thyroid!malignancy! C! ! *!
Thyroiditis! C! ! *!
Thyroglossal!cyst! C! ! !
Salivary!gland!tumours! B! ! !
Sialadenitis! B! ! !
Salivary!gland!stones! C! ! !
and!strictures!
Acute!tonsillitis! A! A! !
Peritonsillar!abscess! B! ! *!
and!parapharyngeal!
abscess!
Epiglottitis!and! B! A! !
supraglottitis!
Acute!viral!infections!! A! A! !
Obstructive!sleep! C! ! !
apnoea!
Acute!laryngeal!oedema! C! ! *!
Branchial!cyst! A! ! !
Lesions!of!the!oral! A! ! !
cavity!including!
leukoplakia!
Vocal!cord!paralysis! A! ! *!
Vocal!cord!nodules!and! A! ! !
polyps!
Pharyngeal!pouch! A! ! !
!
Rhinology!
!
Rhinitis,!epistaxis,!facial!pain!
!
Rhinusinusitis! B! B! !
!
!
Intended Learning Objectives MSK
1. General orthopaedics
2. X-ray Interpretation and Presentation
3. Orthopaedic Emergencies
4. Common Upper Limb Fractures and Dislocations
5. Common Lower Limb Fractures and Dislocations
6. Spinal Disorders
7. Shoulder and Elbow Disorders
8. Hand and Wrist Disorders
9. Hip and Knee Disorders
10.Foot and Ankle Disorders
11.Metabolic Bone Disease
12.Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours
13.Managing Post-op Ortho Patients
14.Infection in Orthopaedics
15.Common Orthopaedic Paediatric Conditions (See paediatric block)
1. General Orthopaedics
Fracture healing
• Outline stages of fracture healing
• Recognise x-ray features of fracture healing on plain films
Soft tissue Injury

• Outline the types of nerve injuries (neuropraxia, axonomesis, neurotmesis)
Acute Swollen Joint

• Formulate a differential diagnosis for an acute painful / hot swollen joint
Abnormal Gait
• List the common causes of an abnormal gait
2. X-ray Interpretation and presentation
• Describe the anatomical region on the x-ray, the side (if relevant) and the views shown e.g. AP
and Lateral of a Right Hip. If you are only shown one view always ask for the other.
• Identify and describe the name and age of the patient and the date the x-ray was taken.
• Describe the most obvious abnormality and bring your presentation to a distinct end.
• If it is a fracture describe:
1. The configuration of the fracture e.g. spiral, transverse etc.

2. The part of the bone fractured e.g. proximal or distal tibia
3. Whether it is displaced or not.
4. The type of displacement e.g. angulation, translation etc
5. Whether it is intra-articular or not
3. Orthopaedic Emergencies
Open Fractures/Dislocations
• Outline the initial management of patients with open fractures/dislocations (antibiotics, removal
gross debris, photo, sterile covering and splint) in A&E
• List the different types of open fractures (Grade 1-3)
Compartment Syndrome
• Discuss the pathophysiology and aetiology of acute compartment syndrome
• Identify the clinical features of compartment syndrome
• Outline the management of compartment syndrome
• Identify complications associated with compartment syndrome
Septic Arthritis
• Define septic arthritis
• Discuss the aetiology of septic arthritis
• Recognise the clinical features of septic arthritis
• Outline a differential diagnosis of septic arthritis
• Understand the investigations and management of septic arthritis
• Identify complications associated with septic arthritis
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES)

• Outline the anatomy of the lumbosacral spine and relation to spinal cord and cauda equina
• Describe the clinical features of CES
• Understand the investigations and management of CES
• Identify complications associated with CES
Major Trauma Management

• List the crucial steps the immediate assessment of trauma patients (ABCDE)
• List the important aspects of a secondary survey in trauma patients
• Describe the steps of immediate resuscitation in trauma patients
• Describe the different types and stages of shock commonly seen in trauma patients
• Recognise the significant risk of major haemorrhage with pelvic fractures in the setting of major
trauma
• Describe the associated complications of major trauma patients (compartment syndrome; fat
embolism syndrome etc)
• Be aware of the importance of manual in-line stabilisation (MILS) of the cervical spine in major
trauma patients
4. Common Upper Limb Fractures and Dislocations
X-Ray Interpretation
• Identify the following common upper limb fractures and dislocations on plain x-rays;
o Clavicle fractures
o Proximal humerus fractures
o Acromioclavicular dislocations
o Anterior and posterior shoulder dislocations
o Elbow dislocations – simple and complex
o Radial head fractures
o Forearm fractures
o Distal radius fractures
o Scaphoid and other carpal fractures and dislocations
o Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures
Proximal Humeral Fractures

• Define a surgical neck of humerus fracture
• Describe basic conservative and surgical management of these injuries
Shoulder Dislocations
• Describe and explain the x-ray views required to identify anterior and posterior dislocations
• Describe the clinical assessment of shoulder dislocations and recognise the risk of associated
axillary nerve injury
• Outline the basic emergency management and follow up of these injuries
Humerus Fractures
• Recognise the risk of radial nerve injury in diaphyseal fractures
Elbow Dislocations
• Describe the clinical assessment of elbow dislocations and recognise the risk of associated nerve
injury
• Outline the basic emergency management and follow up of these injuries
Forearm Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations

• Recognise the importance of examining the wrist and elbow in these injuries
• Recognise risk of compartment syndrome in these fractures
• Describe, recognise and identify Moteggia and Galeazzi fracture dislocations
• Describe basic conservative and surgical management of forearm fractures and fracture
dislocations
Distal Radius Fractures
• Evaluate displacement in distal radial fractures
• Recognise risk of median nerve compression in these fractures
• Describe manipulation of distal radial fractures
Scaphoid Fractures
• Recognise risk of associated dislocation of carpus
• Describe clinical assessment of these fractures and surface anatomy of anatomical snuffbox
• Recognise importance of requesting scaphoid views to evaluate fracture
• Recognise risk of occult fracture not visible on initial x-ray
• Explain risk of avascular necrosis in these fractures
Peri-lunate Dislocations and Fracture-Dislocations

• Explain how to evaluate a lateral wrist x-ray for a perilunate/ lunate dislocation
Metacarpal Fractures and Dislocations

• Recognise importance of clinical rotational deformity
• Describe a ‘boxer’s’ fracture
• Describe a ‘Bennett’s’ fracture dislocation
• Recognise a fracture dislocation of the base of the little finger metacarpal
Phalangeal Fractures and Dislocations

• Identify and evaluate all the bones and joints in a hand x-ray
• Recognise importance of clinical rotational deformity
• Describe the ‘Position of Safety’ when immobilizing the hand in a plaster or splint
5. Common Lower Limb Fractures and Dislocations
X-Ray Interpretation
• Identify the following common lower limb fractures and dislocations on plain x-rays;
o Pubic rami fractures
o Hip fractures
o Native hip and knee dislocations
o Prosthetic hip dislocations
o Diaphyseal fractures (Femur and tibia)
o Intra-articular knee fractures
o Patella fractures
o Ankle fractures
o Lis franc fracture dislocations
o Metatarsal fractures
Hip Fractures
• Identify hip fractures on plain x-rays
• Differentiate between intra-capsular and extra-capsular hip fractures
• Explain the surgical treatment options for intra-capsular and extra-capsular hip fractures
• Describe the complications of hip fractures (AVN, non-union, DVT, pressure sores)
• List the risk factors for osteoporosis
• Interpret a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan (T score)
• Outline management of osteoporosis following hip fractures including drug therapy and
rehabilitation (see metabolic bone disease)
Pelvic Fractures
• Differentiate between low energy insufficiency and high energy pelvic fractures
• Describe the important clinical features of high energy pelvic ring fractures
• Discuss the initial management of high energy pelvic fractures (ATLS assessment, pelvic binder)
• List the 3 different types of pelvic fractures (AP compression, lateral compression, vertical shear)
Foot & Ankle Fractures and dislocations

• Identify ankle fractures and dislocations on plain x-rays
• Recognise the different types of ankle fractures on x-ray (Weber Classification)
• Recognise the clinical features of lis Franc fracture dislocations
• Understand the different treatment options depending on fracture displacement and stability
Hip & Knee Dislocation

• Recognise the surgical emergency that native hip and knee dislocations present and associated
complications (Neurovascular injury, compartment syndrome)
6. Spinal Conditions
Mechanical back pain

• Recognise the typical clinical presentation of mechanical back pain
• Explain the treatment options for mechanical back pain
Nerve root impingement

• Recognise the symptoms and signs of spinal nerve root impingement
• List the most common causes of nerve root impingement (disc herniation; spinal stenosis)
• Explain the treatment options for spinal nerve root impingement
Serious spinal pathology

• List clinical red flags symptoms and signs for back pain
• Recognise the clinical signs of spinal cord compression
• Describe the appropriate investigations and onward referral pathways for malignant spinal cord
compression
Spinal deformity
• Recognise the clinical appearance of scoliosis and kyphotic deformities
• Recognise the radiological features of scoliosis and kyphotic deformities
7. Elbow and Shoulder Disorders
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

• Describe the anatomic course of the ulnar nerve at the elbow
• List common causes and associated conditions
• Be aware of the signs and symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome (tingling in ulnar nerve
distribution, hypothenar muscle wasting) including special tests
• Understand management options of cubital tunnel syndrome
Lateral & Medical Epicondylitis (Tennis and Golfers elbow)

• Recognise the clinical presentation of insertional tendinopathy at the elbow
• Be aware of the treatment options and the natural history of the condition
Olecranon Bursitis
• Recognise the clinical signs of olecranon bursitis
• Be aware of the treatment of simple olecranon bursitis
• Be aware of the occurrence of secondary infective bursitis and treatment
Osteoarthritis of Glenohumeral Joint

• Be aware that OA commonly affects the glenohumeral joint
• Describe the x-ray appearance of OA of the glenohumeral joint
Rheumatoid Arthritis of Glenohumeral Joint

• Be aware that RA commonly affects the glenohumeral joint
• Describe the x-ray appearance of RA of the glenohumeral joint
Shoulder instability
• List the stabilising structures of the glenohumeral joint
• Be aware of the different types and causes of shoulder instability
• Recognise the x-ray appearance of anterior shoulder dislocations
• Be aware of the treatment options for shoulder instability
Impingement & Rotator cuff disorders

• List the common causes of a painful arc at the shoulder
• Recognise the symptoms of sub-acromial impingement
• Be aware of the clinical signs of sub-acromial impingement
• Be aware of the clinical signs of rotator cuff tears
•
8. Hand and Wrist Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Name the contents of the carpal tunnel and escribe the sensory innervations of the hand
• List common causes and associated conditions (hypothyroid, RA, diabetes, pregnancy)
• Be aware of the signs and symptoms of CTS
• Understand management options (splinting, steroid injections, decompression)
Osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist

• Be able to identify signs of OA on radiographs (See also OA ILO’s)
• Be aware of examination findings (Heberden/Bouchard nodes)
• Understand management options (conservative, LA/steroid injections, arthrodesis,
trapeziectomy)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Be able to list common signs in the rheumatoid hand (ulnar deviation of fingers, Z thumb,
extensor tendon rupture, Boutonniere and swan neck deformities, rheumatoid nodules)
• Recognise the common clinical features of RA on clinical examination of the hands and wrists
Flexor tenosynovitis (trigger finger)

• List common causes and associated conditions (diabetes, RA)
• Understand management options (steroid injection, A1 pulley release)
Dupuytren’s Disease
• Be able to identify a patient presenting with Dupytren’s contracture of the hand
• List common causes and associated conditions (alcohol, family history)
• Understand management options (conservative, splinting/physio, operative)
Ganglions
• Identify common sites for ganglion cysts
• Understand management options
Hand Lacerations
• Describe the steps in assessing a finger tip amputation
• Name the management options for finger tip amputations
• Describe the steps in assessing a hand laceration
• Describe the management of hand lacerations in the Emergency Department
• Describe the management of a ‘Fight bite’
9. Hip and Knee Disorders
Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee

• Recognise the typical symptoms and signs of patients presenting with OA of the hip
• Explain treatment options for hip OA (both non-surgical and surgical)
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the Hip

• Describe the pathological process of AVN of the hip
• List common causes of AVN of the hip
Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis (SUFE)

• Recognise the typical presentation of a child with SUFE (age, knee pain, etc)
• Recognise the x-ray appearances of SUFE
Development Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

• List the risk factors in DDH (Family Hx; Breach position; Female etc..)
• Know of the clinical signs and treatment options in DDH at various stages from infancy through
childhood
Quadriceps and Patella Tendon Ruptures at the Knee

• Recognise a typical history of the patient presenting with a quadriceps / patella tendon rupture
• Recognise the clinical features of these tendon ruptures
• List the risk factors in these tendon ruptures
• Discuss the treatment options in acute quadriceps and patella tendon ruptures
Meniscal tears and ligament knee injuries

• Recognise the typical symptoms and signs of a patient presenting with an acute meniscal tear
(locked knee, giving way)
• Recognise the typical symptoms and signs of a patient presenting with an acute ligament injury
of the Knee (sudden swelling, pain, feeling of a “pop” in the knee, inability to finish match)
• ACL
10. Foot and Ankle Disorders
Hallux Valgus
• Recognise the clinical and radiologic features of hallux valgus
• List the risk factors for development of hallux valgus
• Discuss the treatment of hallux valgus
Achilles Tendon Rupture

• Recognise the typical history of the patient presenting with an achilles tendon injury
• Recognise the clinical features of an achilles tendon rupture
• List the risk factors in achilles tendon ruptures
• Discuss the treatment options in acute achilles tendon ruptures
Pes Cavus & Pes Planus

• Recognise the clinical features of pes cavus and pes planus feet
• List the common causes and clinical associated conditions with each
Diabetic Foot
• Discuss the clinical features of patients presenting with diabetic feet (micro & macro vascular
disease, peripheral neuropathy, proprioceptive dysfunction)
• List common complications of diabetic feet
• Discuss the MDT approach to the management of the diabetic foot
11. Metabolic Bone Disease
Osteoporosis
• Describe the pathophysiology of osteoporosis
• List common sites and risk factor for development of osteoporosis
• Discuss the investigations and treatment of osteoporosis
• Also see hip fractures
Osteomalacia
• Describe the pathophysiology of osteomalacia
• List common types of osteomalacia
• Describe the biochemical features of osteomalacia
• Discuss the treatment of osteomalacia
Paget’s Disease
• Describe the clinical and radiological features of Pagets disease
• List the common associated complications associated with Pagets disease
Avascular necrosis (AVN)

• Describe the pathophysiology of AVN
• List common risk factors in the development of AVN
• List common sites for development of AVN
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

• Discuss the aetiology and clinical features of AS
• Discuss the common investigation features and treatment options
12. Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours
Benign Bone and Soft tissue Tumours

• List ‘common’ non-malignant tumours of bone and soft tissue (e.g. enchondromas,
osteochondroma, lipoma)
Metastatic bone Tumours

• List the top 5 primary tumours that metastasise to bone (Breast; Prostate; Lung; Kidney; Thyroid)
• Be aware that myeloma and lymphomas present with MSK pain
• Be aware of the common sites of pain associated with metastatic lesions (Spine; Pelvis; Hips;
Long bones)
• Recognise symptoms associated with MSK malignancy in adults (red flag symptoms – night pain;
unremitting pain; non-traumatic joint of limb pain; weight loss)
• Outline investigations and management of malignant bone lesions
Primary Bone Tumours

• List the most common primary malignant bone tumours (Osteosarcoma; Ewing’s sarcoma;
Chondrosarcoma)
• Be aware that sarcoma’s are more common in children
• Recognise that most osteosarcoma’s present at the metaphyseal portion of bone (i.e. around the
knee)
• Recognise the clinical presentation of sarcoma’s (limping child; progressive swelling around the
knee; any progressive limb swelling; night pain)
13. Managing Post-op Orthopaedic patients
Common post-operative problems

• List the common post-operative problems encountered in orthopaedic patient’s:
1. Delirium
2. Pain
3. Nausea
4. Pyrexia
• Describe the clinical assessment of delirium
• Recognise the at risk patient groups in development of delirium (elderly; hip fracture; poor pain
management; alcohol withdrawal)
• Describe the WHO pain ladder in treatment of post operative pain
• List common causes of nausea in the post operative patient
• Recognise the significant of pyrexia in the post operative patient
• Describe the assessment of post operative patients with pyrexia (sepsis score)
• List the common causes of dehydration in post operative patient
Haemorrhage
• Recognise clinical features associated with haemorrhage (altered consciousness; tachycardia;
low urine output; hypotension)
• Formulate a plan of management for a patient with haemorrhage
Thromboembolic disease
• Describe the pathophysiologic process of VTE
• Describe the clinical features of post operative patients with a VTE
• Discuss the appropriate initial investigation and management of a surgical patient with a VTE
• List important preventive measures for VTE’s
Compartment syndrome
• See Major trauma ILO’s
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)
• Describe the pathophysiologic process of FES

• Recognise the patient group that are at risk of developing FES (poly trauma; long bone fractures;
hip and knee arthroplasty patients)
• Describe the clinical features of patients with a FES (Major and minor criteria)
• Discuss the appropriate management of a patient with FES
14. Infection in Orthopaedics
Sepsis
• List common bacteria encountered in bone and soft tissue infection
• Recognise the clinical features of a patient presenting with sepsis
• Formulate a plan of management of the patient presenting with sepsis (see Sepsis 6 approach)
Septic Arthritis
• Formulate a differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with acute hot swollen joint
• Recognise the clinical features of a patient presenting with a native septic joint
• Recognise the importance of obtaining an aspiration of the joint before administration of
antibiotics
• Formulate a plan of management of the patient presenting with a native septic joint
Septic Joint Replacement

• Recognise the clinical features of a patient presenting with a septic prosthetic joint replacement
• Recognise the importance of obtaining an aspiration of the joint before administration of
antibiotics
• Formulate a plan of management of the patient presenting with a septic prosthetic joint
replacement
Cellulitis
• Recognise the clinical features of a patient presenting limb cellulitis
• Recognise the spectrum of severity of patients presenting with cellulitis (mild to severe with
associated sepsis)
replacement
Necrotising Fasciitis
• List the two types and causative organisms in necrotising fasciitis
• Recognise the clinical features of necrotising fasciitis
• Formulate a plan of management of a patient with necrotising fasciitis
Abscess
• Recognise the clinical features of a patient presenting a hand or limb abscess
replacement
15. Common MSK Paediatric Conditions
The Limping Child
• List the common causes of a limping child (transient synovitis, septic arthritis, DDH, Perthes,
SCFE)
• Understand that differential diagnosis is linked to age of child
• Recognise the more ‘common’ primary tumours of bone (Osteosarcoma, Ewing’s)
Fractures in children
• Understand that fractures in children are different to adults (perisoteum, remodelling ability)
• Be aware of importance of fracture location and relation to physes
• Be aware of the Salter Harris classification system
• Understand the importance of neurovascular integrity in supracondylar distal humeral fractures
(brachial artery and anterior intraosseous nerve) and how to examine them
Clubfoot
• Be aware of nature of deformity (Cavus, Adductus, Varus, Equinuus – CAVE)

• Understand it can be idiopathic or associated with other congenital abnormalities
• Know that mainstay of treatment is serial casting using the Ponsetti regimen
Normal Variants
• Be aware of spectrum of common conditions in paediatric population (flat foot, in toeing, genu
varum/valgus) and that these are often normal variants
Non-Accidental Injury
• Be aware of importance of NAI and need to always consider it

• Be aware of “red flags” (serial bruising, atypical injuries for age of child, inconsistent history)
ILOs for Rheumatology
Acute Hot joint
Identify the clinical features of an inflammatory monoarthritis

Identify salient aspects from the patient history to narrow differential
Construct a differential diagnosis to consider important causes – infection, crystals, reactive
or systemic arthritis, sarcoid
List the important investigations when presented with an acute hot joint
Be aware of the laboratory findings in crystal arthropathy
Describe the acute and chronic management of crystal arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Describe the signs and symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and the pattern of joint
involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis
List the important investigations of a patient with suspected RA
Be aware of the diagnostic and disease activity tools used for RA
Describe the management of Rheumatoid arthritis from initial induction, through common
DMARDs to biologic therapy and the important side effects and contraindications to these
medications.
Seronegative Arthritides
List the common features and associated manifestations of the 4 seronegative arthritides
(psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, enteropathic arthritis, reactive arthritis)
Identify the possibility of inflammatory spondyloarthropathy from clinical history
Describe the radiological findings (plain film and MRI) of spondyloarthropathy and sacroiliitis
Outline the treatment of peripheral seronegative arthritis
Outline the treatment of inflammatory spinal disease (NSAIDs, physiotherapy, biologics) and
the tools used to monitor disease activity
CTD
Take a history assessing for features of connective tissue disease

Discuss laboratory investigation of connective tissue disease including the use of ANA, ENA,
DNA Ab, complement, ESR and CRP
Identify rising DNA Ab and falling complement as potential heralds of active disease in SLE
Describe the clinical features and management options of the connective tissue diseases
associated with specific antibodies:
o Centromere and Scl70 – systemic sclerosis (limited and diffuse)
o Ro - SLE/Sjogrens
o La – Sjogrens
o Jo-1 – myositis
o RNP – SLE/mixed CTD
o Sm – SLE
o Anticardiolipin antibodies – Antiphospholipid syndrome
Discuss the issues for pregnancy presented by CTD.
Vasculitis
Give an overview of the classification of vasculitis by vessel size and immune findings and
give examples of these
Describe the clinical presentation of polymyalgia and giant cell arteritis and summarise
expected examination and laboratory findings of these conditions
Suggest an appropriate management plan for GCA and PMR and identify the risks of
treatment
Describe the patterns of disease seen in ANCA associated vasculitis
PSYCHIATRY UNDERGRADUATES LEARNING OUTCOMES
Aims of the attachment:
By the end of this block you will have attained knowledge regarding the scientific
principles underlying modern psychiatry theory and practice, skills in order to apply
this knowledge to clinical situations and attitudes necessary to identify and respond
appropriately to psychological distress and disorder, not only in psychiatric settings
but also throughout all areas of medicine.
Objectives and Intended Learning Outcomes for the attachment:
Attitudes:
By the end of your attachment in psychiatry you should be able to:

Respond empathically to mental illness and psychological distress in all
medical and broader settings.
Understand that psychiatric illness creates problems with stigma, how this
affects patients and their families, and recognize your role in combating this
stigma.
Be aware of the ethical dilemmas and controversies involved in the diagnosis
and management of mental disorder
Treat patients and their carers with professionalism and confidentiality.
Understand when the patient’s wish for confidentiality should be over-ridden.
Appreciate the inter-relationship between physical and psychological
symptoms and the need to be aware of psychological factors in all medical
conditions
Understand that your emotional responses to patients and patients’
corresponding emotional responses to clinicians may influence the
presentation and management of illness.
Appreciate the function of the multidisciplinary team and the role of each of its
members.
Recognise when it is appropriate to refer a patient to psychiatry.
Skills:
By the end of your psychiatry attachment you should be able to:

Conduct a full psychiatric history.
Carry out a mental state examination, including cognitive assessment.
Carry out an assessment of capacity.
Assessment of suicide risk.
Assessment of risk of harm to others.
Explain how different biological, psychological and social factors may
combine to precipitate psychiatric disorder.
Provide a differential diagnosis for each patient seen with evidence for and
against each diagnosis.
Devise an appropriate investigation list.
Describe an appropriate management plan.
Present clinical findings in a clear verbal or written form.
Use an interviewing style that is empathic and adaptable to specific
situations, including interviewing distressed, disturbed or aggressive patients
Explain to patients and their relatives the nature of their condition, its
management and prognosis.
Knowledge:
During your psychiatry attachment you should gain the knowledge to address the
following topics confidently:
Clinical Features and Management

• Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, both acute and chronic
presentations
• Mood disorders – depression and bipolar affective disorder
• Anxiety – including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias,
obsessive compulsive disorder and PTSD
• Dementia
• Delirium
• Personality disorders – especially emotionally unstable personality disorder
and antisocial personality disorder
• Adjustment disorders
• Deliberate self harm
• Risk of harm to others
• Drug misuse and dependence
• Alcohol harmful use and dependence
• Medically unexplained symptoms
• Learning disability psychiatry
• Perinatal psychiatry
• Depression and self harm in children and adolescents
• ADHD
• ASD
• Eating disorders
• Forensic psychiatry – common associations between crime and mental illness
• Be able to discuss the prognosis of common psychiatric conditions
Treatment
Physical treatments – psychosurgery and ECT
Psychopharmocology–main indications, contraindications and side effects of:
a. Typical and atypical antipsychotics
b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
c. Nor adrenaline reuptake inhibitors
d. Combined reuptake inhibitors
e. Tricyclic antidepressants
f. MAOIs
g. Benzodiazepines
h. Mood stabilizers
Cognitive behavioural therapy – main principles and applications
Main principles and indications for counselling and psychotherapy
Main agencies in the community for care and rehabilitation of patients with
mental illness
Other
Describe the doctor’s duties and patient’s rights under emergency provisions
of the Mental Health Act

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Intended Learning Outcomes: Cardiology Block at the Golden Jubilee

Version 7 August 2017

• Have a broad knowledge of medical and surgical aspects of paediatrics including

Section 3: CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

Section 4: Developmental Assessment

Section 5: GROWTH AND ENDOCRINOLOGY

Section 7: COMMUNITY PAEDIATRICS

Section 8: MUSCULOSKELETAL (ORTHOPAEDICS and

Section 10: RESPIRATORY

Section 11: CARDIOLOGY

Section 12: GASTROENTEROLOGY

Section 13: HAEMATOLOGY

Section 14: ONCOLOCY

Section 16: NEPHROLOGY

Section 17: PAEDIATRIC DIABETES MELLITUS

Section 18: MANAGEMENT OF COMMON PROBLEMS AND

Section 19: Paediatric Dermatology

• Be able to perform the appropriate paediatric history and examination for a

Section 20 – PAEDIATRIC SURGERY

Section 21: PAEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY

Section 22: Paediatric ENT

Section 25: Adolescence

Section 26: Paediatric Pharmacy

• Explain the issues surrounding medication compliance in paediatrics

Section 27: Ethics

To understand the ethical issues around the care of children including

Procedure Age Gender Date Supervisor

THE SCOPE OF THE YEAR 4/5

Knowledge Skills Attributes (attitudes

Clinical management in Targeted clinical Ethics in general

• Management of Including awareness of • Awareness of

The patient in general Communication and

• Self management • Verbal and non-

General practice as an Practical skills

Problem solving and

Master list of clinical presentations in general practice

Describe the structure of nervous system

Seizures and epilepsy

Describe the definition of seizures and epilepsy

Outline briefly the different types of seizure

Discuss investigation of loss of consciousness

Outline longer-term management of epilepsy

Describe management of status epilepticus

Discuss the special considerations of epilepsy in pregnancy

Outline the pathophysiological processes that can result in stroke

Discuss the epidemiology of stroke

Recognise the clinical presentations of stroke/TIA

Describe the typical onset of a vascular cause of weakness

Describe typical aetiologies of vascular induced weakness

Specify the investigations used to make a diagnosis of stroke/TIA

Describe the further investigation of a patient with stroke/TIA

Describe the acute management of stroke / TIA

Outline secondary prevention and risk factor management in stroke

Discuss briefly the investigation of stroke/TIA in a young person

Describe the important features of taking a history of headache

Recognise features of high and low pressure headaches

Provide a differential diagnosis for episodic and chronic headache

Outline the assessment and management of episodic and chronic headache

Describe the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of migraine

Outline assessment and investigation of thunderclap headache

To discuss the pathogenesis and management of SAH

Outline the complications of SAH

Outline the diagnosis of MS