30/10/21

Biology
Substances to be Transported from Transported to
transported
Digested food Ileum where its Cells of the body to
absorbed be used during
respiration, stored
or converted to
other materials, etc
Nitrogenous waste Liver cells that Kidneys to be
products such as convert excess excreted
urea amino acids to urea
Oxygen Lungs where it Cells of the body to
diffuses into the be used for
blood respiration
Carbon Dioxide Cells of the body Lungs where it is
which produce it excreted in exhaled
during respiration air
Hormones Endocrine glands Organs of the body
where it is where its effects are
produced needed

Erythrocytes - red blood cells

Leucocytes – white blood cells
Two types of white blood cells:
Phagocytes-
Lymphocytes-
The summary of reactions involved in blood clotting is as
follows:
1. Damaged tissue and platelets produce clotting factors such
as thromboplastin and thrombokinase.
2. Prothrombin which is an inactive protein is transformed
into thrombin by a clotting factor and calcium ions.
3. Fibrinogen then reacts with thrombin to form fibrin.

Blood group A and blood group B

Antibody b – blood group A
Antigen b – blood group B
Since antigen and antibody are the same, they combine
together and this is why the clumping of two different blood
groups occur.

Why is the blood type B not compatible with the blood type
AB?
B – antigen B , antibody a
AB – no antibodies, antigen a and b
Receiver: Blood type B: antibodies: a
Donor: Blood type AB: antigen: a and b
Why is the blood type O not compatible with the blood type
AB.?
- Receiver: Blood type O: antibodies: a and b
- Donor: Blood type AB: antigens: a and b
Since the antibodies in the receiver is the same as the antigens in
the donor, there will be clumping
If the receiver is of the blood type O and the donor is of the
blood type B, why will these blood groups be incompatible?
Why do you think a person with type AB blood group can
receive blood from all the other groups?
*For the receiver we focus on antibodies
*For the donor we focus on antigens
Why do you think a person of blood group O can donate to all
other blood groups but cannot receive blood from any of the
other blood groups?
A, B, AB – a, b, a and b  antigen
Antibodies of blood group O  a and b