BUSINESS PLAN

For hazelnut farm

 2021

Content

1. Hazelnuts in Macedonia
2. Location where hazelnuts would be planted
2.1. Climatis conditions
2.2. Preparation and planting
3. Costs
3.1. Initial costs
3.2. Annual costs
4. Mehanization and costs
5. Expected profit

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1. Growing Huzelnuts in Macedonia (Tonda Gentile delle Langhe)

Growing hazelnuts is becoming a profitable business in Macedonia and more and more citizens
are interested in the way of production and sale of these nuts. Farmers who have already invested
in this agribusiness say that the investment is not large, and at the same time brings great
earnings.

Tonda Gentile delle Langhe (Trilobata) is a self-pollinating variety of hazelnut that has so far
spread over more than 600 hectares in the country. The hazelnut blooms quite early in the spring,
before it leaves. It is planted in late autumn, ie from November 20 to December 10. The seedling
is one year old and it should germinate after the second year after it is planted, and from 3-4
years it will start to increase the birth capacity. Hazelnuts are harvested once a year in September
or October. Hazelnuts require a lot of water, need basic loss and are sprayed against damage. A
big advantage is that the fruits of this variety are uniform, high yielding, delivered based on
export markets and this variety when the fruit ripens in the period from 10 to 20 August has a fall
to the ground and after 4 to 5 days left in the sun in bags to dried is ready to go for sale. With
small collection machines the process is quite fast and there are no costs and headaches for large
labor needs. The seedlings are first class, with a developed root system from the nursery from
Italy arrived with all the necessary documents and certificates as a guarantee of quality and
documents needed to receive subsidies. What is very important we offer seedlings with full
support and education. Once or twice a year, an agronomist expert for hazelnuts from Italy came
with whom we cooperated and we visited all the subcontractors who will have all the
information on how to produce quality hazelnuts that we will reject as they are obliged by the
contract we got from the procurement of seedlings.

2. Location where hazelnuts would be planted

Hazelnuts are planned to be planted on the mountain place Psaca, Rankovce. This place is
located close to the town of Kriva Palanka. The quality of the soil was examined by the Faculty
of Agriculture in Skopje and it was determined that the soil is suitable for planting hazelnuts.
The water supply is done through wells in the ground, ie groundwater that is abundant. A drip
system will also be set up. There is an asphalt road to the land where the hazelnut plantations are
planned to be planted.

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2.1. Climatic conditions

The climatic conditions for growing hazelnuts in Macedonia are favorable, because we
have a temperate continental climate. Hazelnut is a type of fruit that is more resistant to
low temperatures than other fruits. The fruits are most sensitive to low temperatures, but
hazelnut pollen sprouts early, in the warm days of February. The hazelnuts also likes
light, which is abundant at the place where the hazelnuts are planned to be planted. The
light is necessary for the canopies to be as wide as possible and to have more fruit. Water
is the most essential factor for growing hazelnuts. That is why the chosen place abounds
with strong groundwater. Wind is also a very important factor for hazelnut pollination,
which is more common in mountainous areas.

2.2. Preparation and planting

Before planting, the place where the hazelnut plantations will be planted should be well
prepared. First the fields need to be plowed well, so that the soil becomes soft. Then the
ground should be well leveled. When that process is completed, the places where the
holes will be dug are marked and fertilizer is placed in them, depending on the soil
analysis. Once the hazelnuts are planted, the soil is well irrigated. Irrigation is one of the
most important factors for hazelnut development. The most necessary are 700 to 800
milliliters (ml) per square meter, especially in the period May - June when the hazelnut
forms a cluster.

With another hazelnut fertilization is expected. The most important biogenic elements are
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium and Boron. It is recommended
from 60 to 90 grams per stem, and with the development of the hazelnut, the mineral side
of the hazelnut is expected. The Hazelnuts responds well to fertilizers. To protect
hazelnut plantations from animal attacks, it is best to put a fence around the place where
the hazelnuts are planted.

3. Costs