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    tion Bank caroundation 1 ques Contract Act 1872 = iti aiid consideration. oe eration. State te characteristics Of # vali Define consideration” ot i tract Act, 1872 «on ab Consideration Section 2(d) of the Indian Cont Definition o! Sees "J misor, the promise OF 57a, : si promises to do oF abstain from resine of the synen at the desire of Ie F nee ed consideration for the promises or does oF ‘abstains romise is call! from doing oF 402s. ; eefething, such an act oF abstinence orp deration are as follows: cteristics of a valid consi misor (Durga Prasad v. Baldeo) we at the desire of the pro! is behalf. orany other person on hi ‘The essential chara (1) Consideration must mo {@) lemay proceed from the promisee {@) It may be executed or executory- (4) Itmay be past, present or fuluss (6) Consideration need not be adequate (© Performance of what one is legally bound t0 perform (7) Consideration must be real and not illusory is of a valid offer. How an offer is different from: Define an offer. Explain the essential: invitation to offer? Ans: Definition: The word Proposal and offer are used interchange Section 2(a) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 as when one person sig) willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything with a view to obt other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. used interchangeably and it is defined nifies to anothers Essentials: The following are important essentials of an offer: - + Must be capable of creating legal relation. + Must be certain, definite and not vague. * Must be communicated. '* Must be made with a vi view to obtaining the assent o| f the other party * May be condi nal * Offer should not contain a pare na term the non compliance of which ‘ which would am’ CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA m an inder ar his f that cA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank * May be general or specific + May be expressed or implied + Astatement of price is not an offer Offer and an Invitation to an offer: tn terms of Sect expres of willingness by the offeror to be bound bythe ff vary chooses to acept it On the other han offers made ot ites sci See torecive offer are known as invitation to offer. Thus, where a oa Sine eecioge se : were a party without expressing his Gal willingness proposes ean terms on which ei wiling to negate he docs ra an offer but only invites the other party to make an offeron those terme, Henee cry ting that is required isthe willingness of the offeree to abil by the term of offer acta i 1 terms of offer. 2%a) of the Act, an offer is the final Define consideration. What are the legal rules regarding consideration under the Indian Contract Act, 1872? Shfrte V2 (oh) Aapwih G/ Ans: Consideration [Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872]: When at the desire of the promisor, the promisee or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing or promises to do or abstain from doing something, such an act or abstinence or promise is called consideration for the promise. Legal Rules Regarding Consideration ( Consideration must move at the desire of the promisor: Consideration must be offered by the promise or the third party at the desire or request ofthe promisor. This implies “return” element of consideration. Gi) Consideration may move from promise or any other person: In India, consideration may proceed from the promisee or any other person who is not a party to the contract. In other words, there can be a stranger to a consideration but not stranger to a contract. ‘A. consideration which consists in the ii) Executed and executory consideration: ts in a promise, itis said to be performance of an act is said to be executed. When it consi Gyecutory. The promise by one party may be the consideration for an act By some other party, and vice versa. isa general principle that consideration ise, The consideration, if past, may be the motive but cannot be the real consideration ofa subsequent proms But in the event of the services being rendered inthe past atthe requestor the desire lof the promisor, the subsequent promise is regarded as an admission that the past con ick sation need not o be of any particular value, .e for which it is exchanged but it (iv) Consideration may be past, present or future: is given and accepted in exchange for the prom! eration was not gratuitous, () Consideration need not be adequate: Conside Itneed not be Fequal value with the promis Sac sia ean ‘ard as having some value. must be something which the law would reg ; ‘CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA. i a | CA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank (ci) Performance of what one is legally bound to perform: The performance of an act by . person who is legally bound to perform the same cannot be consideration for a contra, Hence, a promise to pay money to a witness is void, for it is without consideration, Hencg such a contract is void for want of cons But where a person promises to do more that he is legally bound to do, such a promig provided itis not opposed to public policy, is a good consideration. Itshould not be vague or uncertain. (vii) Consideration must be real and not illusory: Consideration must be real and must not be illusory. It must be something to which the law attaches some value. If itis legally or physically impossible it is not considered valid consideration. (viii) Consideration must not be unlawful, immoral, or opposed to public policy. Only presence of consideration is not sufficient it must be lawful. Anything which is immoral or ‘opposed to public policy also cannot be valued as valid consideration. Type of contracts Explain the type of contracts in the following agreements under the Indian Contract Act, 1872: @ A coolie in uniform picks up the luggage of A to be carried out of the railway station without being asked by A and A allows him to do so. A allows him to do so Gi) Obligation of finder of lost goods to return them to the true owner ii) A contracts with B (owner of the factory) for the supply of 10 tons of sugar, but before the supply is effected, the fire caught in the factory and everything was destroyed. Ans: (tis an implied contract and A must pay for the services of the coolie. mpnea com Implied Contracts: Implied contracts come into existence by implication. Most often the implication is by law and or by action. Section 9 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 contemplates such implied contracts when it lays down that in so faras such proposal or acceptance is made otherwise than in words, the promise is said to be implied. (31) Obligation of finder of lost goods to return them to the true owner cannot be said to arise out ofa contract even in its remotest sense, as theres neither offer and acceptance nor consent These are said to be quasi-contracts. Quasi-Contract: A quasi-contract is not an actual contract but it resembles a contract. It i$ crated by J under erin 4. . Explain the term CA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank A person who has PK completed the age of 18 years is a major and otherwise he will be treated as minor. Thus, Ishaan who is a minor i: a 7 s \or is incompet ith hi is void [Mohoti Bibi Vs Dharmo Das Ghose 7903), co eee Section 68 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 however, supply of the things wi prescribes the liability of a minor for the , hich are the necessaries of life a inor i personaly ale to pay the pie of neces supped a hin or sony let forthe purpose, the supplier or lender will be entitled to claim the money/price of jos Goer ee anchor necessaries suited to his condition of life provided that the nila roperty. The liability of minor is only to the extent of the minor’s property. Thus, according, tetheabove provision, Vishal will be entitled to recover the amount of loan given to Ishaan for payment of the: college fees from the property of the minor, “Though a minor is not competent to contract, nothing in the Contract Act prevents him from making the other party bound to the minor”. Discuss. Ans: Minor can be a beneficiary or can take benefit, out of a contract : Though a minor is not competent to contract, nothing in the Contract Act prevents him from making the other party bound to the minor. For example: A promissory note duly executed in favour of a minor is not void and can be sued upon by him, because he though incompetent to contract, may yet accept a benefit. ‘A-mninor cannot become partner in a partnership firm, However, he may with the consent of allthe partners, be admitted to the benefits of partnership (Section 30 ofthe Indian Partnership ‘Act, 1932) 15. “Coercion” defined. “Coercion” and what are the effects of coercion under Indian Contract Act, 1872 Ans: n Contract Act, 1872): “Coercion’ is the committing, or dden by the Indian Penal Code or the unlawful detaining, to the prejudice of any person whatever, with the Coercion (Section 15 of the India threatening to commit, any act forbi or threatening to detain any property, intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement.” Effects of coercion under section 19 of Indian Contract Act, 1872 (i) Contract induced by coercion is voidable at the option ofthe party whose consent was So obtained. voidable contract, the party rescinding a void (ii) As to the consequences of the rescission of other party to the contract, received any benefit, thereunder from the: contract should, if he has person from whom it was received. restore such benefit so far as may be applicable, to the 2 CA AKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA 16. 17. CA Foundation — Law- Quest (ii) A person to whom money has been paid or anything delivered under coercion must epy, or return it, i 16. “Undue influence” defined. Discuss the essentials of Undue Influence as per the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Ans: The essentials of Undue Influence ct Act, 1872 are the following, 1 as per the Indian Contra (1) Relation between the parties: A pgtson can be influenced by the other when a nea, relation between the two exists. lation between the parties exist in such a manner that (2) Position to dominate the will: Rel ‘A person is deemed to bein such oncof them is in a position to dominate the will of the other. ition i ing ci tances; postion in the following crcumstancesy (a) Real and apparent authority: Whe a person holds a real, the case of master and servant, doctor apd patient and etc. we () Fiduciary relationship: Where relaffon of trust and confidépice exists between the partes toa contract. Such type of relationship exists between father and son, solicitor and client, husband and wife, creditor and debtor, etc. (©) Mental distress: An undue influence can be used against a person to get his consentona contract where the mental capacity of the person is temporarily or permanently affected by the reason of mental or bodily distress; illness or of old age. guthority over the otheras in (4) Unconscionable bargains: Where one of the parties to a contract is in a position to dominate the will of the other and the contract is apparently unconscionable i.e,, unfair, its presumed by law that consent must have been obtained by undue influence. Unconscionable bargains are witnessed mostly in money lending transactions and in gifts. (8) The object must be to take undue advantage: Where the person is in a position to influence the will of the other in getting consent, must have the object to take advantage of the other. (4) Burden of proof: The burden of proving the absence of the use of the dominant position to obtain the unfair advantage will lie on the party who is in a position to dominate the Wil of the other. Explain the circumstances in which the person is de : j emed to be in a positi inate the will of the other person under the Indian Contract Act, 1872 cae Ans: Position to dominate the will: A person is d circurnstan icemed to be in such position in_the followi# (a) Real and apparent authority: Where a ' Person holds a rea i ‘ the case of master and servant, doctor and patient and ete. om mea CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA f) ¥ air, itis ionable fluence yther. sition he will ninate owing rasit 13 1. jon ~ Law- Question Bank carou )riducary relationship: where relation of trust and conta ON ontract Such type of relationship exists between fath 2 te andand wife creditor and deblor, : lence exists between the parties "F and son, solicitor and client, I distress: An undue influence ean b Wee can be tised against a painst a person to get his consent ona co Mental ~t where the mental eqpacity of the per earact pacity of the person is temporal ape eaeon of mental or boely distress ines or of ole im polite Ld {gy Urconscionable Bargains: Where one of the parties to a contract isi v eaummed Dy Taw that consent must have been obtained by undue influ or eae n len able in money-lending transactions and in gifts are witnessed mostl pargains qo. "Fraud” defined. tere silence does not amount to fraud”. Discuss. Ans: Mere silence not amounting to fraud: Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness ofa person to enter into a contract is no fraud; but where itis the duty of a person to speak, orhis silence is equivalent to speech, silence amounts to fraud, Itisa rule of law that mere silence does not amount to fraud. A contracting party is not duty bound to disclose the whole truth to the other party or to give him the whole information in his possession affecting the subject matter: he cor ‘The mule is contained in explanation to Section 17 of the Indian Contract Act which clearly states the position that mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud. Exceptions to this rule: plaetadl .e case are such that, regard being had to them, itis the duty rak. Duty to speak arises when one contracting party party has to depend upon the good (@) Where the circumstances of thi of the person keeping silence to spe reposes trust and confidence in the other or where one sense of the other (e.g. Insurance Contract). (b) Where the silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech. P sells by auction to Q a horse which P knows to be unsound. The horse appears to be sound but P knows about the unsoundness of the horse, Is this contract valid in the following, circumstances: (@) FP says nothing about the unsoundness of the horse (0 Q (b) If P says nothing about it to Q who is P's daughter who has just come of age. ag you do not deny it, 1 shall assume that the horse is sound.” P says (0 If Q says to P nothing. 7 CAAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA y fe CA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank | Ans: According to section 17 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, mere silence as to facts likely 4, affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract i not fraud, unless the circumstance, of the case are such that, regard being had to them, itis the duty of the person keeping sitence to speak, or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech. Hence, in the instant case, (a) This contract is valid since as per section 17 mere silence as to the facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud. Here, it is not the duty of the seller to disclose defects. (©) This contract is not valid since as per section 17 it becomes P’s duty to tell Q about the unsoundness of the horse because a fiduciary relationship exists between P and his daughter Q. Here, P's silence is equivalent to speech and hence amounts to fraud. (©) This contract is not valid since as per section 17, P’s silence is equivalent to speech and hence amounts to fraud, i "Mere silence is not fraud" but there are some circumstances where the "silence is fraud". Explain the circumstances as per the provision of Indian Contract Act, 1872? Ans: Mere silence is not fraud Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contractis not fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that, regard being had to them, itis the Guty of the person keeping silence to speak, or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech. It isa mule of law that mere silence does not amount to fraud. A contracting party is not duty bound to disclose the whole truth to the other party or to give him the whole information in his possession affecting the subject matter of the contract. ‘The rule is contained in explanation to Section 17 of the Indian Contract Act which clearly states the position that mere silence as to facts likely to affect the : willingness of a person t© enter into a contract is not fraud, Silence is fraud: 1. Duty of person to speak: Where the circumst: : ‘ances of the case are such that it is the duty of the person observing silence to speak Following contracts come within this category: (@) Fiduciary Relationship: Here, the person in whom conti to act with utmost good faith an idence is reposed is under a duly \d make full disclosure i agreement, known to him, of all material facts concerning th CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA, 21. caroundstion Law Question Bank ts of Insurance: In contracts of marine, fi (wy Contra : marine, fire and life i impli 0 rion that full disclosure of material facts shall be axade otherwise sees anc e avoid the contract. * srwise the insurer is entitled (g Contracts of marriage: Every material fact must be disclosed by the parties to a contract of marriage: (a Contracts of family settlement: These contracts also require full di i facts within the knowledge of the parties, una eeee (@) Share Allotment contracts: Persons issuing ‘Prospectus’ at the time of public issue of shares/debentures by a joint stock company have to disclose all material facts within their knowledge. 2, Where the silence itself is equivalent to speech: For example, A says to B “If you do not deny it,I shall assume that the horse is sound.” A says nothing, His silence amounts to speech. 48. “Misrepresentation” defined. Explain the concept of ‘misrepresentation’ in matters of contract. Sohan induced Suraj to buy his motorcycle saying that it was in a very good condition. ‘After taking the motorcycle, Suraj complained that there were many defects in the motorcycle. Sohan proposed to get it repaired and promised to pay 40% cost of repairs After a few days, the motorcycle did not work at all. Now Suraj wants to rescind the contract. Decide giving reasons whether Suraj can rescind the contract? Ans: According to Section _18_of the Indian _Contract_Act,_1872. Misrepresentation: misrepresentation is: 1. When a person positively asserts that a fact is true when his information does not warrant it to be so, though he believes it to be true. 2. When there is any breach of duty by a person, which brings an advantage to the person comunitting it by misleading another to his prejudice. : 3, When a party causes, however, innocently, the other party to the agreement to make a mistake as to the substance of the thing which is the subject of the agreement. The aggrieved party, in case of misrepresentation by the other party, can avoid or rescind the contract [Section 19, Indian Contract Act, 1872]. The aggrieved party loses the right to rescind the contract if he, after becoming aware of the misrepresentation, takes a benefit under the contract or in some way affirms it. 1 case Suraj could not rescind the contract, as his acceptance to the Accordingly, in the give f repairs impliedly amount to final acceptance of the offer of Sohan to bear 40% of the cost o! sale, 16 CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA 6)- arty inc to b oni la Tea CA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank | caroundation- 19. Voidability of agreements without free consent. 22. Explain the term “coercion?” and desctibe its effect on the validity of a contract? ie Ans: Yes, the studer inng to commit any act forbidden by the Indi Indian Contra “Coercion” is the committing oF threatening to commit any act forbi 7 by a Han Penal Or sedsreprese Cae 1860 rth ll detiing oF thveteing to detain ry property the prejudice | OL of any’ person whatever, with the intention of easing any person to enter into an apreemen, (Section 18 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872). 23. Dereen i ; registered, Xtc mpostant to note that snarl whether the nan Penal Code, 140s, | SEINE not in force at the place where the coercion is employed. P 25. “No consider “Effects on validity: According to section 19 of the Act, when consent to an agreements caused Ans: ‘by coercion, the contract is voidable at the option of the party, whose consent was so caused, ‘The aggrieved party, whose consent was so caused can enforce the agreement or treat it as No consider: void and rescind it. It is seen that in all these cases though the agreement amounts to a by valid co contract, itis voidable. The injured party might insist on being placed in the same position in oe which he might have been had the vitiating circumstances not been present. 1872 provid be valid and ‘Where a contract is voidable and the party entitled to avoid it decides to do so by rescinding it he must restore any benefit which he might have received from the other party. He cannot ‘These excey avoid the contract and at the same time enjoy the benefit under the rescinded/avoided (@ Agreeme contract. (Section 64). an agreeme: love and aft enforceable 23. Sohan induced Suraj to buy his motorcycle saying that it was in a very good condition. affection. p After taking the motorcycle, Suraj complained that there were many defects in the ee Cee Sohan proposed to get it repaired and promised to Pay 40% cost of repairs. Gi) Compe | a 7 few days, the motorcycle did not work at all, Now Suraj wants to rescind the compensat | ecide giving reasons, promisor, Ans: give ARs, In the instant case, the aggrieved Party, in case of mistepresentation by the other party, cal i) Promis avoid or rescind thecontract (Section 19, Indian Contract Act, 1872]. The aggrieved party loses bewace! 7 veh to rescind the contract if he, after becoming Pisani ead enefit under the contract or in some : 100.000 bs paper aoe see sn tsa \t Accordingly, in the given case, Suraj Rs, 50,00 Sea vo ws acceptance to the offer of Sohan to be: the cost * repairs impliedly amount to final acceptance of the este el Gr Goat . Power to set aside i : wh ot 7 Lae Contract induced by undue influen, Teeae student was induced by his teacher to sell yi ae ate purchase price o secure mone mang ge a his brand new car to the latter at less than the cannot cle However, the father of the the student can sue the teacher? 26 5Xe corms Ans: CA.AKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FcR CAAKS k ru {-——_—~ n= Law- Question Bank Contr around by on ae idera inestsdent ean se his feacher onthe ground! of undue influence under the provisions of ein ta ‘Act, 1872, A contract brought as a result of eae 5 jesult of coercion, undue influence, fraud tion would be voidable At the option of the person whose consent was Yes ndian contract in ore cr misrepresent caused ps, Agreement without consideration, void, unless it is in writing and Agreem may enforce it. Hence, the contention of Ms. Reema is not valid. St 20 prea at Jodhpur. Chartered A\ 30. Mr. Sohanlal ec the end of o Me Saban Sold 10 acres of his agricultural land to Mr. Mohanlal on 25th Septembet caiaee for Rs. 25 Lakhs. The Property papers mentioned a conditi an ines that whosoever purchases the land i CL ane meget ae ertins Lacte has to be slowed hea fee (0 use 9 acres as per his choice but the remaining | Referring to tie asunrctadans "e used by Mr. Chotelal, son of the seller for: carrying out farming restrained fr or vity of his choice. On 12th October, 2018, ind hi son and life.On 15th October, noag oooeet 201%, Mr. Sohantal died leaving behinds | Ans: "2018 purchaser started construction of an auditorium &" the whole 10 acres of land and denied any land to the son ae eeieat agreements i person is res A CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA, a a BN Melina SS HOM a proposal by ane —— cAFoundation ~ Law- Question Bank Now Mr. Chotelal wants to file a case agai 4 Discuss the above in light of provisions oe Chotelal’s plan of action? Ans: Problem as asked in the question is based as contained in section 2(d) and on the one of the essential clements to make on the provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 Principle ‘privity of consideration’. Consideration is Ic ® contract valid and it can flow from the promisee or any other person. In view of the clear language used in definition of ‘consideration’ in Section 2(2), itis not necessary that consideration should be furnished by the promise only. A promise is enforceable if there is some consideration forit and itis quite immaterial whether it moves from the promisee or any other person, The leading authority in the decision of the Chinnaya Vs. Ramayya, held that the consideration can legitimately move from a thied party and itis an accepted principle of law in Indi Jn the given problem, Mr. Sohanlal has entered into a contract with Mr, Mohanlal, but Mr Chotelal has not given any consideration to Mr. Mohanlal but the consideration did flow from Mr. Sohanlal to Mr. Mohanlal on the behalf of Mr. Chotelal and stich consideration from third Party is sufficient to enforce the promise of Mr. Mohanlal to allow Mr. Chotelal to use 1 acre of land. Further the deed of sale and the promise made by Mr. Mohanlal to Mr. Chotelal to allow the use of 1 acre of land were executed simultaneously and therefore they should be regarded as one transaction and there was sufficient consideration for it. Moreover, it is provided in the law that “in case covenant running with the land, where a Person purchases land with notice that the owner of the land is bound by certain duties affecting land, the covenant affecting the land may be enforced by the successor of the seller.” In such a case, third party to a contract can file the suit although it has not moved the consideration. Hence, Mr. Chotelal is entitled to file a petition against Mr. Mohanlal for execution of contract. 27. Agreement in restraint of trade, void. 31. 'X’ agreed to become an assistant for 2 years to 'Y' who was practicing Chartered Accountant at Jodhpur. It was also agreed that during the term of agreement 'X' will not practice as a Chartered Accountant on his own account within 20 kms of the office of "Y' at Jodhpur. At the end of one year, 'X' left the assistantship of 'Y' and started practice on his own account within the said area of 20 kms. Referring to the provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, decide whether‘) restrained from doing s0? Ans; could be Agreement in Restraint of Trade: Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 deals with ®greements in restraintof trade, According to the said section, every agreement by which any Person is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade or business of any kind, is 2 ‘CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA, CA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank int of trade i; i. to that extent void, However, in the ease of the service Se tee Bs apeeni 3 man agreement of service by which a person binds himself AUT ines in diy to take service with anyone else directly or indireclly hate soit isa valld contract competition with that of his employer is not in restraint of trade, In the instant case, agreement entered by with “Y is reasonable, and do not amount restraint of trade and hence enforceable. i cing on his own account in with, Therefore, ‘X’ canbe restrained by an injunction from practicing within the said area of 20 Kms for another one year. i lid or void 32, Decide with reasons whether the following agreements are valid or under the provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872: ) Vijay agrees with Saini to sell his black horse for Rs. 3,00,000. Unknown to both the Parties, the horse was dead at the time of the agreement. (Gi) Sarvesh sells the goodwill of his shop to Vikas for Rs. 10,00,000 and promises not ig carry on such business forever and anywhere in India. (Gii) Mr. X agrees to write a book with a publisher. After few days, X dies in an accident, Ans: As per Section 20 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an agreement under by mistake of fact are (0) woid. In this case, there is mistake of fact as to the existence of the subject- matter, ie, with respect to the selling of horse which was dead at the time of the agreement. It is unknown to both the parties. Therefore, itis a void agreement. (©) As per Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an agreement in restraint of trade s void. However, a buyer can put such a condition on the seller of goodwill, not to carry on same business, provided that the conditions must be reasonable regarding the duration and Place of the business. Since in the given case, : restraint to carry on business was forever and anywhere in India, so the agreement in question is void. (iil) As per section 26) of the Contract Act, becomes void when it ceases to be enfore, book with a publisher. After few d due to the impossibility of perfon “A.contract which ceases to be enforceable by law able" ~In the present case, Mr. X agrees to write? lays, X dies in an accident. Here the contract becomes vold ‘mance of the contract, 53, Point out with reason whether the following Agreements are valid or void: (@) Kamala promises Ramesh to lend Rs, 500, ee ,000 in ti iderati 2 Kamala’s marriage dissolved and he himself wates her ee (b) Sohan agrees with Mohan to sel hi Was dead at the time of agreement, CAAKS KRISHNAN M.COM, FCA, Sa ‘cA Foundation — (0 Ram sells th on such busine (4) In an agre institute legal (e) Ramamutt Ans: (a) Void Agre if the object o (b) Void Agr by mistake o (0) Void Ag restraint of t not to carry duration an (A) Void Ag of the India (e) Valid A enemy is v 30. Agres racing. Se 34. Distingui Ans: CAAKS der the oth the s not to dent. fact are e, with own to rade is arry On ion and ver and by law write @ es void sh gets e hors® 2B cA Foundation ~ Law- Question Bank (0 Ram sells the gooxtwill of his shop to Shyam for Rs, 4,00,000 and promises not 1

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