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Energy
Electrochemistry
Direct redox Reduction Cathode
reaction Redox
Reactions
Indirect redox Oxidation Anode
reaction
Electrochemical Cell
Require
Generate current
current 2
Chapter Objectives
5
Oxidation-Reduction and Half-Reactions
Copper
wire
AgNO3
solution
1
Problem 1
• For the following oxidaton-reduction reactions, identify the half
reactions and label them as oxidation or reduction.
11
Problem 2
• For the following oxidaton-reduction reactions, identify the half
reactions and label them as oxidation or reduction.
15
Terminology for Galvanic Cells
16
Galvanic Cells
anode
oxidation
cathode
reduction
spontaneous
redox reaction electrolytes
1
Terminology for Galvanic Cells
• General form of cell notation
19
Problem 4
20
Cell Potentials
E cell = Ered
(cathode) − Ered
(anode)
= +0.34 V − (−0.76 V)
= +1.10 V
Standard Cell Potentials
Method 2:
anode (oxidation): Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2 eˉ + 0.76V
E˚cell= +1.10 V
𝑅𝑇 0.0591
𝑜
𝑜
𝐸=𝐸 − ln 𝑄 𝐸=𝐸 − log 𝑄
𝑛𝐹 𝑛
29
Nonstandard Conditions
𝐶 𝑐 𝐷 𝑑
𝑄= 𝑎 𝑏
𝐴 𝐵
30
Sample Problem
𝑁𝑖 2+ 0.20 n=2
𝑄= + 2
= 2
= 0.80
𝐴𝑔 0.50
0.0591
𝐸= 𝐸𝑜
− log 𝑄
𝑛
0.0591
𝐸 = 1.049𝑉 − log 0.80 = 1.052 𝑉
2
31
Applications:
At Anode :
Pb(s) Pb2+ + 2e-
Pb2+ + S042-(aq) PbS04
At Cathode:
Pb02(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- Pb2+ + 2H20
Pb2+ + SO42- PbS04
Overall reaction:
Pb(s) + Pb02(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2S042-(aq) 2PbSO4 + 2H20
Nickel-cadmium storage cell
At Anode :
Cd(s) + 2 OH- (aq) Cd(OH)2 (s) + 2e-
At Cathode:
Ni02(s) + 2H20 + 2e- Ni(OH)2Cs) + 2OH-(aq)
• Electrolytic cells are divided into two categories based on the nature
of the electrodes used.
45
Current and Charge
46
Current and Charge
47
Calculations Using Masses of Substances in Electrolysis
48
Sample Problem
1 mol e- = 96,500 C
96,500 C 1 mol e-
1.08 x105 C X = 1.12 mol e-
49
Sample Problem
• In a copper plating experiment in which copper metal is deposited
from copper(II) ion solution, the system is run for 2.6 hours at a
current of 12.0 A. What mass of copper depozited?
96,500 C 1 mol e-
1.12 x105 C X = 1.16 mol e-
2 mol e- : 1mol Cu
1.16 mol e- X = 0.58 mol Cu = 0.58 (63.55) = 37.0 g Cu
50