Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets of bundles

over foliated manifolds

Adelina Manea

Abstract. In [3] we introduced the spaces J l,1 πand J t,1 π of the leafwise
and transversal first order jets of a bundle (E, π, M ) where M is a foliated
manifold. In this paper, taking E = J l,1 π, respectively E = J t,1 π, and
using the theory from [3], we define the leafwise, transversal and mixed
second order jets of the bundle π. We also prove some relations between
these kinds of second order jets.

M.S.C. 2000: 55R10, 53C12, 58A20.

Key words: fiber bundles, foliated manifold, leafwise, jets.

1 Introduction

Let (E, π, M ) be a fiber bundle, dim M = m, dim E = m + n. Weconsider that the

indices i, j, ... take the values 1, ..., m and the indices α, β, ... take the values 1, ..., n.
In [6] is defined the 1-jet of a local section as it follows:
Definition 1.1. We said that two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx¡ (π) are¢ 1-equivalent at x
if Φ (x) = Ψ (x) and if in some adapted coordinate system xi , y α around Φ (x),

∂ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(1.1) (x) = (x) ,
∂xi ∂xi
for i = 1, m and α = 1, n. The equivalence class containing Φ is called the 1-jet of the
section Φ at x and is denoted jx1 Φ.
The 1-jet manifold of π is the set
© ª
J 1 π = jx1 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) .
¡ ¢
Given an ¡atlas of¢ adapted charts (U, u) on E, where u = xi , y α , the collection
1 1 ∞ 1 1
of
© 1charts 1 U , u is a ª(m + n + mn)-dimensional C -atlas on J π, where U =
jx Φ ∈ J π | Φ (x) ∈ U and the functions
∗
Balkan Journal of Geometry and Its Applications, Vol.12, No.2, 2007, pp. 87-97.
c Balkan Society of Geometers, Geometry Balkan Press 2007.
°
88 Adelina Manea
¡ ¢
(1.2) u1 = xi , y α , ziα ,

i
¡ 1 ¢ i α
¡ 1 ¢ α α
¡ 1 ¢ ∂(yα ◦Φ)
are defined
¡ 1 by x j
¢ x Φ = x
¡ 1 (x), y j
¢x Φ = y (Φ (x)), zi jx Φ = ∂xi (x). More-
over, J π, π1 , M and J π, π1,0 , E are bundles, ¡ where
¢ the surjection
¡ submersions
¢
π1 : J 1 π → M , π1,0 : J 1 π → E are defined by π1 jx1 Φ = x and π1,0 jx1 Φ = Φ (x).
Now, let M be a m-dimensional foliated manifold, with dimension of foliation
equal to p. In the following, we shall consider that the indices a, b, .. take the values
1, ..., m − p and the indices u, v, .. take the values m − p + 1, ..., m.
In some adapted local© δ coordinates
ª (xa , xu ) on M , the usual notation for the
∂
adapted basis on M is δxa , ∂xu , with

δ ∂ ∂
(1.3) = − tua u ,
δxa ∂xa ∂x
where tua are local differentiable functions on M given by the orthogonality of struc-
tural and transversal bundles of M (see for instance [9]). Let (xa , xu , y α ) be the
adapted coordinates on E and Γx (π) be the space of local sections of π at x ∈ M .
In [3] there is the following definitions:
Definition 1.2. We say that two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are leafwise 1-equivalent
at x ∈ M if Φ (x) = Ψ (x) and if, in some adapted coordinate system (xa , xu , y α )
around Φ (x)

∂ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(1.4) u
(x) = (x) ,
∂x ∂xu
for every u = m − p + 1, m . The equivalence class containing Φ is called the leafwise
1-jet of Φ at x and it is denoted jxl,1 Φ.
Definition 1.3. We say that two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are transversal 1-
equivalent at x ∈ M if Φ (x) = Ψ (x) and if, in some adapted coordinate system
(xa , xu , y α ) around Φ (x)

δ (y α ◦ Φ) δ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(1.5) (x) = (x) ,
δxa δxa
for every a = 1, p. The equivalence class containing Φ is called the transversal 1-jet
of Φ at x and it is denoted jxt,1 Φ.
Obviously, the both notions defined above have geometrical meaning, as we proved
in [3]. We also proved that:
Proposition 1.1. Let Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) be two local sections of bundle π. Then the
following assertions are equivalent:

a) jx1 Φ = jx1 Ψ;
b) jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ and jxt,1 Φ = jxt,1 Ψ.

The spaces
© ª
J l,1 π = jxl,1 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) ,
Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets 89
© ª
J t,1 π = jxt,1 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) ,

of all leafwise, respectively transversal 1-jets of π have differentiable structures with

local adapted coordinates defined by:

(1.6) ul,1 = (xa , xu , y α , zuα ) ,

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
with xa jxl,1 Φ = xa (x), xu jxl,1 Φ = xu (x), y α jxl,1 Φ = y α (Φ (x)),

¡ ¢ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ)
zuα jxl,1 Φ = (x) ,
∂xu
respectively

(1.7) ut,1 = (xa , xu , y α , zaα ) ,

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
with xa jxl,1 Φ = xa (x), xu jxl,1 Φ = xu (x), y α jxl,1 Φ = y α (Φ (x)),

¡ ¢ δ (y α ◦ Φ)
zaα jxt,1 Φ = (x) .
δxa
Moreover, these manifolds have fiber bundles structures given by the following maps:
¡ ¢
π1l : J l,1 π → M ; π1l jxl,1 Φ = x,

for every jxl,1 Φ ∈ J l,1 π,

¡ ¢
π1t : J t,1 π → M ; π1t jxt,1 Φ = x,

for jxt,1 Φ ∈ J t,1 π.

2 Second order jets

We present the notion of 2-jet of a local section of the bundle (E, π, M ) following [6].
Definition 2.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π)¡are 2-equivalent
¢ at x ∈ M if Φ (x) =
Ψ (x) and if, in some adapted coordinate system xi , y α around Φ (x) we have

∂ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(2.1) (x) = (x) ,
∂xi ∂xi

∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
i j
(x) = (x) ,
∂x ∂x ∂xi ∂xj
for every i, j = 1, m and α = 1, n. The equivalence class containing Φ is called the
2-jet of Φat x and it is denoted jx2 Φ.

The 2-jet manifold of π is the set

© ª
J 2 π = jx2 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) .
90 Adelina Manea
¡ i α¢
Given an atlas of adapted ³ charts (U, u) on ´ E, where u = x , y , the collection
¡ 2 2¢ (m+1)
of charts U , u is a m + n + m 2 n -dimensional C ∞ -atlas on J 2 π, where
© ª
U 2 = jx2 Φ ∈ J 2 π | Φ (x) ∈ U and the functions
¡ ¢
(2.2) u2 = xi , y α , ziα , zij
α
i≤j
,
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ α
are defined by xi jx2 Φ = xi (x), y α jx2 Φ = y α (Φ (x)), ziα jx2 Φ = ∂(y∂x◦Φ) i (x),
α
¡ 2 ¢ ∂ 2 (y α ◦Φ) ¡ 2 ¢ ¡ 2 ¢
zij jx Φ = ∂xi ∂xj (x). Moreover, J π, π2 , M and J π, π2,0 , E are bundles,
where
¡ 2 the
¢ surjection submersions
¡ 2 ¢ π2 : J 2 π → M , π2,0 : J 2 π → E are defined by
π2 jx Φ = x and π2,0 jx Φ = Φ (x). ¡ ¢
We can consider also the repeted 1-jet of a local section Φ at a point x: jx1 j 1 Φ .
For this one, we have to remark that every section Φ ∈ Γx (π) define a section j 1 Φ ∈
Γx (π1 ). It is known from [6] that:

Proposition 2.1. The map i1,1 : J 2 π → J 1 π defined by

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
i1,1 jx2 Φ = jx1 j 1 Φ ,

is an embedding.
Let be Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π). Taking into account proposition 2.1, from the injectivity of
i1,1 , results:
Remark 2.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are 2-equivalent at x ∈ M iff the
sections j 1 Φ, j 1 Ψ ∈ Γx (π1 ) are 1-equivalent at x.

The idea of repeted jets will be used in the following sections, where we shall intro-
duce the leafwise, transversal, respectively mixed second order jets as some repeted
first order jets.

3 Leafwise second order jets

In this section
¡ l,1 ¢ ¡we consider¢ the ¡ following¢ bundles over the foliated manifold M :
J π, π1l , M , J t,1 π, π1t , M , J 1 π, π1 , M and we study the leafwise first order jets
of some of their sections. We give the following definition:
Definition 3.1. We say that two local sections ¡ Φ,¢ Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are leafwise 2-equivalent
at x ∈ M ¡if the¢ sections j l,1 Φ, j l,1 Ψ ∈ Γx π1l are leafwise 1-equivalent at x. We
denote jxl,1 j l,1 Φ by jxl,2 Φ and we call it the leafwise 2-jet of Φ at x.
Using the definition 1.2 , the above definition could be expresed by:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxl,2 Φ = jxl,2 Ψ ⇔ jxl,1 j l,1 Φ = jxl,1 j l,1 Ψ ⇔

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
∂ y α ◦ j l,1 Φ ∂ y α ◦ j l,1 Ψ
⇔ jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ, (x) = (x) ,
∂xu ∂xu
Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets 91
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
∂ zuα ◦ j l,1 Φ ∂ zuα ◦ j l,1 Ψ
(x) = (x) ,
∂xu ∂xu
and from the definitions of the adapted coordinates (6), y α ◦j l,1 Φ = y α ◦Φ, zuα ◦j l,1 Φ =
∂(y α ◦Φ)
∂xu , it results:

Proposition 3.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same leafwise 2-jet
at x ∈ M iff

∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
(3.1) jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ, u v
(x) = (x) ,
∂x ∂x ∂xu ∂xv
for all u, v = m − p + 1, m, u ≤ v.
The leafwise 2-jet manifold of π is the set
© ª
J l,2 π = jxl,2 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) .

Given an atlas of adapted³ charts (U, u) on ´ E, where u = (xa , xu , y α ), the collection

¡ l,2 l,2 ¢ (p+3)
of charts U , u is a m + n + p 2 n -dimensional C ∞ -atlas on J l,2 π, where
© ª
U l,2 = jxl,2 Φ ∈ J l,2 π | Φ (x) ∈ U and the functions

(3.2) ul,2 = (xa , xu , y α , zuα , zuv

α
)u≤v ,
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ∂(y α ◦Φ)
are defined by xi jxl,2 Φ = xi (x), y α jxl,2 Φ = y α (Φ (x)), zuα jxl,2 Φ = ∂xu (x),

α
¡ l,2 ¢ ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ)
zuv jx Φ = (x) .
∂xu ∂xv
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
Moreover, J l,2 π, π2l , M and J l,2 π, π2,0l
, E are bundles, where the surjection sub-
¡ ¢
mersions π2l : J l,2 π → M , π2,0
l
: J l,2 π → E are defined by π2l jxl,2 Φ = x and
l
¡ l,2 ¢
π2,0 jx Φ = Φ (x), respectively.
Example 3.1. If E is the trivial bundle M × R, the proposition 3.1. gives exactly
the definition [2] of the leafwise 2-jet of a differentiable function on M at a point x.
Remark 3.1. From the definition 3.1, the map
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
il : J l,2 π → J l,1 π1l , il jxl,2 Φ = jxl,1 j l,1 Φ ,

is injective . It is not surjective because not every section of π1l is a prolongation of

a section of π.
Definition 3.2. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are l-t 2-equivalent at x ∈ M¡ if the¢
sections j t,1 Φ, j t,1 Ψ ∈ Γx (π1t ) are leafwise 1-equivalent at x. We denote jxl,1 j t,1 Φ
by jxl,t Φ and we call it the l-t 2-jet of Φ at x.
Using the definition 1.2, the above definition could be expresed by:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxl,t Φ = jxl,t Ψ ⇔ jxl,1 j t,1 Φ = jxl,1 j t,1 Ψ ⇔
92 Adelina Manea
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
∂ y α ◦ j t,1 Φ ∂ y α ◦ j t,1 Ψ
⇔ jxt,1 Φ = jxt,1 Ψ, (x) = (x) ,
∂xu ∂xu
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
∂ zaα ◦ j t,1 Φ ∂ zaα ◦ j t,1 Ψ
(x) = (x) ,
∂xu ∂xu
and from the definitions of the adapted coordinates (7), y α ◦j t,1 Φ = y α ◦Φ, zaα ◦j t,1 Φ =
δ(y α ◦Φ)
δxa , it results:
Proposition 3.2. Two sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same l-t 2-jet at x ∈ M
iff
µ ¶ µ ¶
t,1 t,1 l,1 l,1 ∂ δ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ δ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(3.3) jx Φ = jx Ψ, jx Φ = jx Ψ, u (x) = (x) ,
∂x δxa ∂xu δxa
for all u = m − p + 1, m and a = 1, m − p.
From the propositions 1.1 and 3.2, we can say that:
Remark 3.2. Two sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same l-t 2-jet at x ∈ M iff
they determine the same 1-jet at x and they satisfy the conditions
µ ¶ µ ¶
∂ δ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ δ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(3.4) (x) = (x) .
∂xu δxa ∂xu δxa

Let be Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π). They induce the local sections j 1 Φ, j 1 Ψ ∈ Γx (π1 ). From

the definition 1.2, these local sections determine the same leafwise 1-jet at x iff the
following conditions are satisfying:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
1 1 ∂ yα ◦ j 1 Φ ∂ yα ◦ j 1 Ψ ∂ ziα ◦ j 1 Φ ∂ ziα ◦ j 1 Ψ
jx Φ = jx Ψ, (x) = (x) , (x) = (x) .
∂xu ∂xu ∂xu ∂xu
Taking into account the definitions of local coordinates (2), the above conditions are
equivalent with the following ones:
(3.5)
∂ (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
jx1 Φ = jx1 Ψ, u
(x) = u
(x) , u i
(x) = (x) ,
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂xu ∂xi
for all u = m − p + 1, m and i = 1, m.

Considering the particular cases i = v = m − p + 1, m, respectively i = a =

1, m − p in relations (14), we obtain:
∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
(3.6) u v
(x) = (x) ,
∂x ∂x ∂xu ∂xv

∂ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) ∂ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
(3.7) (x) = (x) .
∂xu ∂xa ∂xu ∂xa
Using relation (3) ∂x∂ a = δxδ a + tua ∂x∂ u , in (16) and taking into account relations (15),
result exactly relations (13). So, we can conclude that the conditions (14) assure the
conditions (10), (12) from propositions 3.1 and 3.2. The reverse is also true, hence we
have:
Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets 93
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
Theorem 3.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are satisfying jxl,1 j 1 Φ = jxl,1 j 1 Ψ
if and only if they determine the same leafwise 2-jet and the same l-t 2-jet at x.

4 Transversal second order jets

¡ ¢
In this section¢ we
¡ t,1 ¡ study the transversal
¢ 1-jets of the sections of the bundles J l,1 π, π1l , M ,
J π, π1t , M , J 1 π, π1 , M . We give the following definition:
Definition 4.1. We say that two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are transversal 2-
equivalent at x ∈ M ¡if the ¢sections j t,1 Φ, j t,1 Ψ ∈ Γx (π1t ) are transversal 1-equivalent
at x. We denote jxt,1 j t,1 Φ by jxt,2 Φ and we call it the transversal 2-jet of Φ at x.
Using the definition 1.3 , the above definition could be expresed by:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxt,2 Φ = jxt,2 Ψ ⇔ jxt,1 j t,1 Φ = jxt,1 j t,1 Ψ ⇔

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
δ y α ◦ j t,1 Φ δ y α ◦ j t,1 Ψ
⇔ jxt,1 Φ = jxt,1 Ψ, (x) = (x) ,
δxa δxa
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
δ zbα ◦ j t,1 Φ δ zbα ◦ j t,1 Ψ
(x) = (x) ,
δxa δxa
and from the definitions of the adapted coordinates (7), y α ◦j t,1 Φ = y α ◦Φ, zaα ◦j t,1 Φ =
δ(y α ◦Φ)
δxa , it results:

Proposition 4.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same transversal
2-jet at x ∈ M iff

δ 2 (y α ◦ Φ) δ 2 (y α ◦ Ψ)
(4.1) jxt,1 Φ = jxt,1 Ψ, a b
(x) = (x) ,
δx δx δxa δxb
for all a, b = 1, m − p.
δ 2 (y α ◦Φ) δ 2 (y α ◦Ψ) δ 2 (y α ◦Φ)
Remark 4.1. The conditions δxa δxb
(x) = δxa δxb
(x) does not assure δxb δxa
(x) =
δ 2 (y α ◦Ψ)
δxb δxa
(x), so it is not sufficiently to demande a ≤ b. Indeed, we have
· ¸ µ u ¶
δ δ δtb δtua ∂
a
, b = a
− b ,
δx δx δx δx ∂xu
α
∂(y α ◦Ψ)
and we shall need ∂(y∂x◦Φ)
u (x) = ∂xu (x), so the condition jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ, to obtain
in relations (15) a ≤ b.
The transversal 2-jet manifold of π is the set
© ª
J t,2 π = jxt,2 Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) .

Given an atlas
¡ of adapted
¢ charts (U, u) on E, where u = (xa , xu , y α ), the collection
of charts U t,2 , ut,2 © is a (m + n + (m − p + ª 1)(m − p)n)-dimensional C ∞ -atlas on
t,2 t,2 t,2 t,2
J π, where U = jx Φ ∈ J π | Φ (x) ∈ U and the functions
94 Adelina Manea

(4.2) ut,2 = (xa , xu , y α , zaα , zab

α
),
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ α
are defined by xi jxt,2 Φ = xi (x), y α jxt,2 Φ = y α (Φ (x)), zaα jxt,2 Φ = δ(yδx◦Φ)
u (x),
α
¡ t,2 ¢ δ 2 (y α ◦Φ) ¡ t,2 t
¢ ¡ t,2 t
¢
zab jx Φ = δxa δxb (x). Moreover, J π, π2 , M and J π, π2,0 , E are bundles,
where the surjection submersions π2t : J t,2 π → M , π2,0
t
: J t,2 π → E are defined by
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
π2t jxt,2 Φ = x and π2,0 t
jxt,2 Φ = Φ (x).
Remark 4.2. From the definition 4.1, the map
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
it : J t,2 π → J t,1 π1t , it jxt,2 Φ = jxt,1 j t,1 Φ ,

is injective. It is not surjective because not every section of π1t is a prolongation of a

section of π.
Definition 4.2. We say that two local sections ¡ l ¢ Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are t-l 2-equivalent at
l,1 l,1
x ∈ M if the¡ sections
¢ j Φ, j Ψ ∈ Γ x π1 are transversal 1-equivalent at x. We
denote jxt,1 j l,1 Φ by jxt,l Φ and we call it the t-l 2-jet of Φ at x.
Using the definition 1.3, the above definition could be expresed by:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxt,l Φ = jxt,l Ψ ⇔ jxt,1 j l,1 Φ = jxt,1 j l,1 Ψ ⇔

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
δ y α ◦ j l,1 Φ δ y α ◦ j l,1 Ψ
⇔ jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ, (x) = (x) ,
δxa δxa
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
δ zuα ◦ j l,1 Φ δ zuα ◦ j l,1 Ψ
(x) = (x) ,
δxa δxa
and from the definitions of the adapted coordinates (6), y α ◦j l,1 Φ = y α ◦Φ, zuα ◦j l,1 Φ =
∂(y α ◦Φ)
∂xu , it results:

Proposition 4.2. Two sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same t-l 2-jet at x ∈ M
iff
µ ¶ µ ¶
t,1 t,1 l,1 l,1 δ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(4.3) jx Φ = jx Ψ, jx Φ = jx Ψ, a (x) = a (x) ,
δx ∂xu δx ∂xu

for all u = m − p + 1, m and a = 1, m − p.

From the propositions 1.1 and 4.2, we can say that:
Remark 4.3. Two sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same t-l 2-jet at x ∈ M iff
they determine the same 1-jet at x and they satisfy the conditions
µ ¶ µ ¶
δ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(4.4) (x) = a (x) .
δxa ∂xu δx ∂xu

Proposition 4.3. Let be Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π). We have the equvalence

jxt,l Φ = jxt,l Ψ ⇔ jxl,t Φ = jxl,t Ψ.

Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets 95

Proof. The equality jxt,l Φ = jxt,l Ψ is equivalent with the relations (19) from propo-
sition 4.2 and for the equality jxl,t Φ = jxl,t Ψ we have the equivalent conditions (12).
We have to prove the equivalence between the relations (13) and (20). Taking into
account the relation (3), it is known that
· ¸
δ ∂ ∂tv ∂
a
, u
= au v ,
δx ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂(y α ◦Φ) ∂(y α ◦Ψ)
and jxl,1 Φ = jxl,1 Ψ assures ∂xv (x) = ∂xv (x), for all v = m − p + 1, m, which
ends the proof.
Remark 4.4. The previous proposition says that the l-t 2-jet of Φ at x contains
exactly the same sections like the t-l 2-jet of Φat x. That means that the l-t 2-jet and
the t-l 2-jet are equivalent notions, and in the following we shall call it the mixed 2-jet
of a section. We denote by jxl,t Φ the mixed 2-jet of Φ at x.

The mixed 2-jet manifold of π is the set

© ª
J l,t π = jxl,t Φ | x ∈ M, Φ ∈ Γx (π) .

Given an ¡atlas of adapted

¢ charts (U, u) on E, where u = (xa , xu , y α ), the collection
l,t l,t
of charts U ©, u is a (m + n + mn ª+ p(m − p)n)-dimensional C ∞ -atlas on J l,t π,
where U l,t = jxl,t Φ ∈ J l,t π | Φ (x) ∈ U and the functions

(4.5) α
ul,t = (xa , xu , y α , zaα , zuα , zau ),
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ α
are defined by xi jxl,t Φ = xi (x), y α jxl,t Φ³ = y α (Φ ´ (x)), zaα jxl,t Φ ³= δ(yδx◦Φ) u (x),
´
α
¡ l,t ¢ ∂(y α ◦Φ) α
¡ l,t ¢ δ ∂(y α ◦Φ) l,t l,t
zu jx Φ = ∂xu (x) zau jx Φ = δxa ∂x u (x). Moreover, J π, π 2 , M
³ ´
l,t l,t l,t l,t
and J π, π2,0 , E are bundles, where the surjection submersions π2 : J π → M ,
l,t ¡ ¢ l,t ¡ l,t ¢
π2,0 : J l,t π → E are defined by π2l,t jxl,t Φ = x and π2,0 jx Φ = Φ (x).
Let be Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π). They induce the local sections j 1 Φ, j 1 Ψ ∈ Γx (π1 ). From
the definition 1.3, these local sections determine the same transversal 1-jet at x iff the
following conditions are satisfying:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
1 1 δ yα ◦ j 1 Φ δ yα ◦ j 1 Ψ δ ziα ◦ j 1 Φ δ ziα ◦ j 1 Ψ
jx Φ = jx Ψ, (x) = (x) , (x) = (x) .
δxa δxa δxa δxa
Taking into account the definitions of local coordinates (2), the above conditions are
equivalent with the following ones:

(4.6) µ ¶ µ ¶
δ (y α ◦ Φ) δ (y α ◦ Ψ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
jx1 Φ = jx1 Ψ, a
(x) = a
(x) , a (x) = a (x) ,
δx δx δx ∂xi δx ∂xi

for all a = 1, m − p and i = 1, m.

Considering the particular cases i = u = m − p + 1, m, respectively i = b =

1, m − p in relation (22), we obtain:
96 Adelina Manea
µ ¶ µ ¶
δ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(4.7) (x) = a (x) ,
δxa ∂xu δx ∂xu

µ ¶ µ ¶
δ ∂ (y α ◦ Φ) δ ∂ (y α ◦ Ψ)
(4.8) (x) = a (x) .
δxa ∂xb δx ∂xb
∂ δ u ∂
Using relation (3) ∂x b = δxb + tb ∂xu , in (24) and taking into account relations (23),

result exactly relations (17). So, we can conclude that the conditions (22) assure the
conditions(17), (19) from propositions 4.1 and 4.2. The reverse is also true, hence we
have:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
Theorem 4.1. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) are satisfying jxt,1 j 1 Φ = jxt,1 j 1 Ψ
if and only if they determine the same transversal 2-jet and the same mixed 2-jet at
x.

Now we can give the main theorem of this paper:

Theorem 4.2. Two local sections Φ, Ψ ∈ Γx (π) determine the same 2-jet at x if and
only if they determine the same leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jet at x.
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
Proof. From the remark 2.1, we¡ have ¢ jx2 Φ =¡ jx2 Ψ¢ ⇔ jx1 j 1¡Φ =¢ jx1 j 1 Ψ¡ . ¢
¿From
¡ ¢ the proposition
¡ ¢ 1.1, jx1 j 1 Φ = jx1 j 1 Ψ ⇔ jxl,1 j 1 Φ = jxl,1 j 1 Ψ and
jxt,1 j 1 Φ = jxt,1 j 1 Ψ . Now, the theorems 3.1 and 4.1 assure:
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxl,1 j 1 Φ = jxl,1 j 1 Ψ ⇔ jxl,2 Φ = jxl,2 Ψ, jxl,t Φ = jxl,t Ψ

¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
jxt,1 j 1 Φ = jxt,1 j 1 Ψ ⇔ jxt,2 Φ = jxt,2 Ψ, jxl,t Φ = jxl,t Ψ

and proposition 4.3 ends the proof.

As a consequence, we have:

Theorem 4.3. The following map:

ϕ : J 2 π → J l,2 π × J l,t π × J t,2 π,

defined by
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
ϕ jx2 Φ = jxl,2 Φ, jxl,t Φ, jxt,2 Φ ,

for all jx2 Φ ∈ J 2 π, is injective.

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Leafwise, transversal and mixed 2-jets 97

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Author’s address:
Adelina Manea
Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.
e-mail: amanea28@yahoo.com