Me yzzamit Menmest Tuesday, October 03, 2017 (LG 9/855: Reab WALACAD WEEK 01 pejh aoa evest experienced teacher DAYOL § ileal. in IST Level Descriptor | Mare aw Level | Question Questions | [baa 25 | i Very GoodErcellent A rough, wea ceveaoed a | tatsiantal response, Demonsvetes exensive, relevant 2nd | a9 | Riahty accurate inouedze of the subject in considerable deta and with endent expertise. Lindy to quote Qur'an verses and Hadans to support and Mustate points made. Comprehensive | snewahet "25925 Die questan ContGenty and COnSeMSY. Demanstetes sound, detailed and generally reievart and ST acaurate browiecge of the subject mater in great Setat. | | Covers ine main paints. May quote Qu an verses and Hadiths to support points rade. | | ‘Saustactory. A far, mainly relevar Da Generaly UnGeveIoped | Pd 2] Pd o m ES 4 | Iespanse. The candidate demonstrates some Dzval 24 | knonedge, which s feity accurate and sighaty wider than at | LESEz lee! Semeotthe main ports ae averedbid aoe | substan, [Stats ane are aan PERSIE | | anioris unfinished. Very leited knowledge of te susiect 1-2 | Response includes only a sinll amount ef refevant material | | mainly inelevart points. Facts are reported in basic outing || | only, chen inaccurately, though some credible poms are | rae 5 A (0 | lelevant No apparent atiompl to anwar the QueSHOn SEL OF | 2 wholly inelevart response. Tetaly Hage, | Understanding the difference between the different parts of questions Part (a) QI. [4] Marks 2-5 or mare writing time: (16-1 Bminoter ‘These Questions require you to write fall but accurate details about the topic in the question. This doesnot mean that you should ry {o-write all the information you have let on your course, but keep tothe area which as been stm the quesdon, ‘So 2 question lke “Describe the main events of the Prophet's migration.” means thet vow should give the key fans relted to, ‘what happened when he left Makkah, what happened on his journey, and briefly what happened when he aries in Madina, You should not give a detailed account of his life in Makkah, the revelations and the pereeiions and likewise you sbould nat give 43 dealed socount of his rst few years in Madina. Sle tothe relevant facts. Part () [4] Marks Wri ting me / (6-Pminores These Questions wy to judge if you understand what yu have ltt on your course. The are called evaluative questions beause they ty to get you to explain something, give reasons for something, or give your opinion on something. They are not word 25 ‘many marks 28 part (a) 50 the answers should generally be shorter but to the point. However, shorter does not mean vase ce ‘general. The answers should stil be relevant, cover afew different points and not be repetitive. Ifa question asks eg “Explain why this fast is important in Islam,” answers such as “Fasting is of great imponance to the ‘Muslims” will not gain marks as there has been no attempt to suggest wiy it is important, e—. because it gives slfconsol and iscipline.Po Pope Neate Mere r sy Path e Introduction to Syllabus & ae ne Paper pattern ‘You must answer Question 4, Question 2 and two other questions. 1. Choose any two of the following passages from the Qur’an, and: (a) briefly describe the main theme(s) In each passage. (4) (b) briefly explain the importance of these themes in a Muslims Wife today. (4) 1. Major themes of the Qur'an ‘Three groups of passages are set for close study. These relate to the themes of: o Allah in Himself ° © Allah’s relationship with the created world © Allah's Messengers 2. The history and importance of the Qur'an [14] marks Candidates should study: * the revelation of the Qur'an to the Prophet between the years 610 and 632 + the account of the compilation of the Qur’an under the Rightly Guided Caliphs + the major themes of the Qur’an as contained both in the passages set for special study and in other similar passages + the use of the Quran in legal thinking, and its relationship with the Hadiths, consensus (ijma‘ ) and analogy (qiyas) + its significance as the basis of all thought and action in Islam. 3. The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad [14] marks Candidates should study: + the main events of the Prophet's life from his birth to his call to prophethood + the main events of his activities in Malka and his experiences with his opponents * the main events of his activities in Madina, his leadership of the community there and his conflicts with the Makkens ‘ind others" * his actions and character + the importance of his actions as examples for Muslim individuals in their personal conduct and relations with others including women and non-Muslims + the importance of his actions as examples for Muslim communities in their relations with other states + his significance as Seal of the Prophets and last Messenger of God. 4. The first Islamic: community [14] marks Candidates should study: * the Prophet's wives his descendants, including his children, grandchildren and the direct line recognised among Shi'a Muslims as Imams his leading Companions, including the Ten Blessed Companions, (the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs during his lifetime). (Note that the period of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs' rules after the time of the Prophet is included Is the Syllabus under Paper 2) 4 his Seribes, see 4 the major characters who surrounded him in his ministry, 4 the Emigrants and Helpers, 5.The life and importance of the Prophet Muhammad OR The first Islamic community 114] marksRequirements WEEK 01 7D DAY .02 : 12. (a)Write an account of the ways}in which the Quran was revealed. to the Prophet (pbuh) between the years. 610 A.D and 632A.D-[10] Timeling Question > As Prophet (pbuh) approached the age of 40, he started retiring nto a cave a nearby mountain known as Hira. One doy ‘angel Jibrael appeared before him and asked him to read. This was repeated thrice after which the Angel recited the following five verses of Sura Alag also known as Sura Iqra,, question) “proclaim in the name of your Lord and Cherisher who created, created man out of a clot of congealed blood. Procialm and Your Lord is the most bountiful. He who taught by the pen. Taught man that which he knew not.” (96:1-5) This was the first revelation and the beginning of Prophet hood of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh). From this time onwards, that 15610 A, he continued to receive revelations throughout the rest of his life for a period of 22 years § months and 14 days“, > He received revelations as divine instructions on al important occasions of life.RSelations received in Makkah during 620 622 are known as.Makkan surahs.these are generally brief and are related to articles of faith. e.g oneness of Allah, after death etc. they also talk about the opposition of the unbelievers and the language used js stronger. Fr example,’ We know Indeéd the grief which their words do cause to thee."[6:33].34 Surah reueatad in Saleen) In 613 AD, he started open préaching after receiving the divine command, which said, “expound openly what you are commanded and turn away from those who join false gods with allah.” (15:94) \ ‘Throughout all the years of persecutions and hardships in Makah, Prophet (pbuh) received revelations which not only consoled and ‘comforted him but also his followers e.g. Sura al Duha and Surah al Kauther etc, > 1n622.A. he and his followers migrated to Medina when he was instructed through revelation.The surahs received during, are known. as Man. surahs these ae mainly about social duties and religious obigation e plas of slam. ©8) Prod 1g , Zakat etc. These surahs are generally lengthy. 28 Surahs were Covectiod dur ing thiy oe In 624 A.O Prophet (pbuh) received a revelation in which the permission of fighting was given in these words, “Fight in the'cause of Allah against those who fight you.” (2:190) In the same year he received instructions about obligation of fasting and Zakat. During all the battles against Makkans ie Badr (624 AD), Uhad (625 A.0), Trench (627.0) he was guided through revelations. In 628 A.D at the time after treaty of Hudaybla he received a revelation which said, “verily We have granted you a manifest victory.”(48:1) Later on, he continued to receive revelations til his farewell pilgrimage in 631A.D. The last revelation received by him was in the plain of Arafat after he performed Hajj and delivered the sermon: “This day have | perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religi (5:3) > When a revelation came, the Holy Prophet (pbuh) experienced different sensations. He heard ringing sounds, he perspired in the cold; he became so heavy that the animal he was riding on and his companions could feel the ‘weight of his body. When a companion once asked of Prophet (pbuh) how a revelation comes to him, he replied, “It comes to me sometimes as the ringing of a bell and this is hardest on me, then he leaves me and | remember from him what he says and sometimes the Angel comes in the shape of a man and he talks to me and | remember what he says.” Hazrat Aisha reports, “| saw revelations coming down upon him in the ‘severest cold and when that condition was over, perspiration ran down his forehead.” , ‘A companion relates that once he was sitting with his leg under the leg of the Prophet. A revelation came at that moment and he felt his leg would crush under the weight. 7 5 of revelation ‘The Quran was revealed in porti put it did not remain long in that condition as it was simultaneously recor i (olldhal doos the thet’ sist experince’ Fel ut about the nate ep brophethoud wm bee el ‘The Prophet's first expetience of revelation in the cave of Hira helps us to understand the concept of prophet hood in Islam, ft shows that Allah chose prophets according to His own will which means that it was predestined and could not be atained by personal efforts) (it was given without warning and often through miraculous events’at the time of calling which caused confusion and feat. For ’ example, Prophet Muhammad got afraid when he was squeezed by angel Jibrael, Similarly , Hazrat Musa got confused.when God addressed him for the first time, This fear and confusion shows that the prophets were chosen from mankind. This event also shows that Jibrael acted as a link between God and Prophets >1) a fe) a] a] 1B :> Oo m E 3 De aET ed EEC —y manor nabs = = | Stevetore_of onawer:_] Fabrah bun Wah? Caps b be veld bags Kirstrevetction @ #, ASter First revelation there was an Oe 4 on a interval in revelation: known aa “Farah. tuk. Com ef Hira (Serah Ala) trail per thab tke Quran wou in portion. 9- Fatrah-tel-Wahi oe ven Ye mocked the (Gap bles weuelovb’ ong) Jrophet ood Allah Lifes i ae eriod “ow lord hos of fo raaken y ov, nov eeu he disp) with (6lo-622A-0) Tre lod Pr vena 1B agorch woe ~Specific examples of reuggld direcHy to te Prophl | by AUob pacha He occasion of Jive] oe, be Madni period 622- 6328.0) Specie exam, cl quotatig "Lost revelation 5-W ontdsensabrons of revdl Fong.Presersabion doing Prophet} lidotine or Week 1 Conpltory qpethay v Day 03 ‘The Holy Quran started to be revealed in 610 AD and contin ‘The Quran was revealed in portions but-#-did-nal remain long in that cond _ _completed until the last verse was revealed, it was never without some form of arrangement and every verse “and chapter was given its place in the Book ‘Whenever, 8 revelation was received by the Prophet (P.B.U.H) he would summon one of his literate tke companions and dictate the text to him. He would then ask him to read what he had written, This was to . How FR ensure perfect accuracy. He would also ask them to memorize the verses in order to recite them in their daily “ses Prayers. aM redarall The Quran was written on thin and flat ta ne, wood, ed ()) _goats and on piece of leatheratc. if The verseyand chapters of the holy Quran were not compiled in the order of revelation, for example, the first eu stig five verses of Surah Ala are the fist in order of revelation, but they are placed inthe 96% chapter whereas, the Esq. chants which appear atthe beginning of the Guran were revealed at Macinah after the Prophet (P.B.U:4) i migration. Ri The arrangement of different verses and chapters of the Quran was done under the guidance of Hazrat Jibrail, Recording to Hazrat Usman every portion of Quran was written down and given Its specified place at the “bidding of the Prophet \P.B.D:H]-TewaS customary with the mess fah that when verses OF am Ferre f° ey | chapters wece reyealed to him. oc.when-any.chapter was revealed he WOMe-calCGGe aEbis scribes and say to him “write this verse in the chapter where such and such verse occur” (Ahmad) - a h verse occur” (Ahmad The Quran did exist in the written form but no complete copy of it existed at the time, nor could such a copy be made while the Prophet (P.8.U.H) was alive and still receiving revelations. The whole Quran in one arrangement was safely preserved in the memories of the reciters. It was the practice of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) to recite loudly the text of the Quran, revealed so far every year, during the month of Ramazan. Those companions who had written it down would bring out their manuscripts and compare it with the version of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) so that they could check the text and order of the chapter. In the last year of his life, a few months before his death, the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) read out the complete text of the Quran twice. This fiow the Divine Message was recorded in scriptural from and learnt by heart to be preserved for the coming generations SS ~Eitst compilation Hazrat Abu Bakr At the time of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) death no official copy of the Quran existed and perhaps no one possessed the complete written text. However, an incident occurred, after which the companions felt the necessity to collect and compile the text of the Quran. During the khalifat of Hazrat Abu Bakr some people in the country declared themselves tg be Prophets. Among them was Musailma. Hazrat Abu Bakr waged a war against him and many companiorisvitio had committed the Holy Quran to memory were martyred in that battle known as the.pattle of Yamamab.. Hazrat Umar realized that those who tad memorized the Quran would gradually depart from the word either ‘owing to natural death of or martyrdom in future battles, Hazrat Umar suggested Te Hawa? Roa Bake atthe ‘Quran should be compiled. Hazrat Abu Bakr, however, hesitated tnd ae auld ok dae unfinished by the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.ti), AcCording to Hazrat-Abu Bakr, “Umar went on persuading me ‘accept his suggestion till | was convinced that he Was right so | accepted his suggestion” Rukly of Yomamet aD Med 260 WalJods Rea of lt t jonk tit Lpoiayd Muha aireAbu Bakr asked aid bin Sabit)one of scribes of Divine revelstion to collect the Qurank verses from arto he amc ee pon nu) rey amore we otedenpt the Ovren er, Zaid remake) Het i commission was appointed headed by Zaid Bin Sabit and its members comprised at least or twenty committed the Zaid Bin sabit traced out a the tent just finding a written piece oF the Quran. + He also verified it from those people who had heard it from the Holly Prophet ( ¢ Though he himself was a hafiz of Quran, he always tried to find a verse in writing before including it in his manuscript, thece verses ond chapters in 2 He did not accept any part without twe witnesses to it. Colpo Ooi becany fe y nis jen under ok o that version of the Quran he recorded was the one heard from supervision of the Holy Prophet (P.8.U.H). a Holy B . . script prepared by Zaid Bin Sabt was named “ponapit i remained baled: Bakr and after his death-wes transfessed.to secor who gaveitto we azrat Hafsa, 2 widow of the Holy Prophet (P.8.U.H). This copy of the Quran came to be known as Mashaf al - rat Hafsa, a widow nown as Mashaf al fata i tals al 7 Jerd_ Compilation inder the third Khalifa, Hazrat Usman bin Affox ty Khilafat of Hazrat Usman saw a phase of quick conquestsimam Bukhari has narrated on the authority of -Rele of‘. 2a1pu bin 0 sR after the conquest of Syria and Iraq, new converts of these countries recited the Quran in bin Yarnaon different way$. This distbuted Hazrat Huzaita bin Yamaan who went to-the-Heeret-Usman and requested Riar'e (Vwi: ng the ake immediate action for the removal of these differences; otherwiseit-might create-a-rift among the COP! # of (Moshy Muslims, —— Reethor vn He cordingly Hazrat Usman acquired the copy of the Quran prepared by Zaid Bin Sabit from Hazrat HafsaHe Prophet. Yo giv Jappointed Zaid Bin Sabit along with three other knowledgeable Muslims,Abdur Rehman bin Harris, Abdullah «|, 1%, yctions, “a din Zubair and Saad bin Aas, who assisted to make copies of the Quran from the original text. They were tol 'Urh man | {to follow the dialect of the Quraish in case of differences over the language, as the Quran had been revealed in , 9 ‘Jarn ml-Qv ran Erdal The’Gufai Wastread out loudly from the beginning to the enclin.the Prophet (P.8.U.H) masque fram. these copies of the Quran, so that not a shadow.of doubt remained in the mind of anyone that changes had.been introduced in the Quran, These copies were then dispatched to the capital city of every Province of the Muslims States with instructions that in future/copies should be made only from.the_official authentic text. ») Hazrat Usman also ordered that{f anyone had a copy with a different text, it was to be destroyed by fire.) ~/ Hazrat Usman is Known as Jami-al-Quran)These means that he brought the Muslims around to a uniform reading of the Quran. The Quran that is being read today is the same as in the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr. Nothing has been added or deleted from it. The arrangement of the chapters and verses are in the same order as proclaimed by the Holly Prophet (P.B.U.H), in accordance with Divine instructions. nee hs le | Ped ay he (b) Why did these caliphs think.it was important to make a compilation of the Qur’an? [4] tabu Bakr came to see RanTEA as Saas be kept in memories alone. * Although the Prophet had not made a written compilation, Abu Bakr realised that this would have to be done» “> ifthe authentic Qur'an was to be preserved. for He guidance the Ftc. qere makers ef Nyt linh Otberun, ¢“Uthman realised that the original message might Ue lost." sngiad be fort 0% weet ie We pode, « If different versions were allowed to exist the original meaning might no lohger survive LO. pel ed. # Muslims would not have a single source of guidance © Rival interpretations might break "he unity of the community. Shere fos, = Only the original revelation given to the Prophet could preserve unity ) - ; i desl rs oF ow the Gores was comepiag” tw gent ollomtf He Pro phe e olf sine te of of u rite abevt He preserestion of the Quran in lhe Jorm of Meshal held by Hee Ae okion durlog Propht liteti 4 Dood eee The ccartaion hig es Bab’ calphe inky book forma— Propet oibeBehesiaree) 5 atk af how He Gorm deiclopedPYQ2 Week 02 Day 01 Islam is built on the foundation of faith. Allah's willis the primary source of law in a Mustim society. The Quran the most fundamental and reliable source of legal thinking in Islam, as it says, “Verily this Quran guides to which is mostright” (17:9) | 2) >s.4 / econtains a set of jucidical ich are the basis of Islamic law and which concern the life of human being in every detail{"Stessad is He Who sent down the Criterion to His servant, that it may be an admonition to ll creatures” (25:1) Quon) \ nen *4, Et Cee yy AW3GVoV “The Quran encompasses all areas related to individual and communal Muslim conduct. t deals with beliefs, morality, worship, civil transactions, and punishment for intentional injury to the human body, property and honor, murder, breach of public peace, offences against the established government, adultery, and offences against religion and indecency. Requivarnarks ; re Po rene 1. Inmatters of religion the Quran talks about the pillars of islam for example, it says, “And they have been commanded no more than this: To worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, being true (in faith), to establish regular prayer; and to practice regular charity; and that s the religion right and straight.” (3 te ty Hiern jodie bes tio 2. The Quranlays down rules related to Muslims sci ife. It lays down injunctions t9 arbitrate with justice, not to offer bribe and to give full weight and measures. "Give fll measure when you measure and weigh with the balance thats straight” (17:35) 3, There are poli laws Concerning false accusations, bload money and retaliation, The Quran lays down 2 simple rule as a punishment for many timesit says, We ordained therein for them, tife fr life, eye for eye, nase for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth and wounds equal for equal.” (5:45) 44, The Quran algo commands Mustims to stay away from undslamie practices ie drinking games of chance, charging interest etc. “19 you who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, sacrificing of stones and arrows areal abomination of Satan's handiwork show restraint to them so that you may prosper” (5:90) 5. Contracts ve safeguarded by the command to put them in writing, to fulfill one's undertaking to return 2 trust oF deposit and not eat up the property of orphans. ‘rthace who unjustly eat up the property of Orphans, eat up a fire into their own bodies"(4:10) 6. Quran also explain us the difference between Haram and Halal and forbids the Muslims from eating snything on which Allah's name has not been pronounced. The Quran says? crtawful unto you are al four footed animals with the exception named”. (5:1) ‘The law of war deals with the distribution of booty ‘and treatment of conquered people in a fear and just rie por Taso deals with the institutions such as marriage or divorce. Emphasis said on behavior towards roar orphans relatives, slaves, and dependants. It also lays down rules relating to socal ie, commerce, MKonomic and penal laws. It also provides guidance about laws of inheritance. $fo"guran provide guidance in all walks of if. The Quranic law is perpetual everasting, It does nat change with the passage of time. complete andQge “nothing have we omitted from the Book".(6:38) ine, playing All other sources of Islamic law, which is Hadith i ‘afd Qiyas depend upon it for their acceptance and justification, They can only be used when Quran islenton an issue and. they never contradict Hawever, the ‘Qyran does not sometimergive the practical guidance ‘which can be obtained from the Sunnah. Thus the Quran and Sunnah are called the primary source‘of law. a ay‘plcunthp bla the Quran a eho th Pet EC fee} y a2: \ rom the earliest times, Muslims usually refer to the practice ofthe Prophet when they wanted to know {0 exactly how to reach a decision. The ahadith were always regarded as important source of teaching alongside 208 the Quran. se are many verses in the Holy Quran which justify Hadith as a source of islamic Law. Some of these are: yy “So toke what the Messenger gives you, and refrain from what he prohibits ou” [5%71 Lovelusion: H Tot febays ak Trey @ tere ply} ‘The Prophet (pbuh} dectared: “* / ¢ 7 Tpchold Ihave been given the B6oR sid a similar thin (Sunnah) along with that” Particularly among legal experts they became acknowledged as a source ‘Quran itself In fact, it was agreed that the divine revelation from Allah and the wor shammad were so closely related, that what the Quran stated in general terms could be fur erring to the Holy Prophet's ahadith. AW30VvoV which was second only t0 the 1, he ids and actions ofthe Prophet ~. explained by 1" Blad slims know, the Quran teaches that Muslims must pay Zakat, the charity tax. This is usually mentioned of ith Salat, as an activity of sincere believers. prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow +h ee As all Mi Lo in the Quran togeth “and be xeadfast dom: 01 4 zs Ee 43] A In this exemple and elsewhere in the revelation, Muslims are encouraged to give Zakat, but they are not Hadith of the Holy / ‘hat they should give, or how they should give it. These details are found in the ‘al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: No charity tax is due on property ~ to less than five Uqiya, and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is no.) charity tax on fewer than five ‘Wasq,.” [al-Bukhari,Sahih,800k24 The Book of Zakat: the two words Usiva and Wasa refer to the measures of weight) | ‘Avadith such 2s this helped legal experts to give advice to Muslims about how the teachings in the Quran Zakat should be obeyed. They also formed the basis of the rules about Zakat in the religious law of Islam. ,_ the taking of interest for. making 2-loan to The Quran has many teachings about financial dealings. someone is entirely prchibited in Quran: "They say, trade is like interest, and Allah has allowed trade and forbidden interest.” (2275) > 2 usiness In this injunction and elsewhere in the revelation it is not clearly mentioned that what kind of transactions are regarded as Riba. The Sunnah explains it clearly: ve We asked the Mescenger of Allah about the money exchange, he replied: if tis from hand to hand , there is +, Ho leachivé no harm in iy otherwise it is not permissible.” [al-Bukhari,Sahih, The Book of Sales) 7 "The bartering of gold for gold is riba, except if itis from hand to hand and equal in amount; and wheat grain of @ yen for whé grain is rita, except if itis from hand to hand and equal in amount; and dates for dates is riba, except if itis from hand to hand and equal in amount; and barley for barley is riba, except if itis from hand to hand and equal in amount.” ‘The remarks of the Prophet about the wickedness of Riba (interest) were used by the legal experts together wit 35 Quran to build a wider picture of what is accepted as trading practice in Islam and what Is aes ~The Quran special eo pests ‘on pergormi Kas ng those who are RaQ oie sei emo rp, pie oF yen in seeme Or ih a is e e ep oo re ibe ses : sgn Paes tag = pelea Y flack te ran ni in win and “He Roy phet specifies what if 5 Sometimes rod ee eo nati rain: 7 a ty go hey manny “hee who Ph Hopi exphine! Gk here “le a %» paths’ any—_— Week 02 AN Day 02 / 2. (a) What Is consensus (ijma’ i 5 (Ijma‘)?How and in what circ is legal thinking? [10] cumstances is it used in Islamic legal . According tothe principles of Islamic law, ima is the third source. The word ifmd rieans:“consensus” or ‘unanimous agreement”. It is related to the same verb as jum’a, Friday, and jam wld be referredto only, when there is no clear teaching in the Quran or Suna. . a a ‘The use ofjjma in legal thinking is based on a numberof verses in the Quran, for example - “Thus have We made of you a community justly balanced, that you might be witnesses aver the nation, and | the Messenger a witness over yourselves.” 13) ° > "You are the best of people evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right forbidding what Is wrong and believing in Allah.” (3:110) ER ‘These and other vérses like them indicate that the community has been given authority because itis upright and.) EG OpIsi RaW a follows the guidance of Allah and the example of the Prophet (pbuh). Thé Holy Prophet (pbuh) also referred to the , J importance of fllowing the community, when he sai, “tty community wll never agree upon an ertor.” Therefore, | ©; \uuapers from very early times it has Ben accepted that the agreed view of the community is binding upon Musims in legal and - = more general matters. s Sheds oF Gane wpon Musi Z TFypec There are two broad kinds of lima. Thakrst isthe general agreement of alL Musims.in matters of belie for example; that the Quran was sent down by Allah and thatthe Prophet (pbuh) was His true messenger. This kindof jm is the acknowledgment of the beliefs that characterize islam and are shared by a believers, The second paticolaly- concerns legal matters and can be defined as the agreement ofa group of Muslims about an issue on which the Quran and Holy Prophet’s Sunnah have not spoken the final word. Pepple whoye |jima ca accp ts Lega experts have difered over wiho makes up tis ‘croup of Mutts whose Ima Boul be aecepted'Some sald that they should be the companions of the Prophet (pbuh); others that they should be thé péople-of Madina; yet others that they should be the‘Rightly Guided Calis, Shi Muslims claim that they shouldbe the descendents of the Holy Prophet, while thers said that they shouldbe the legal scholars of any generat a yo Some examples ofa are: c ~ Se es eet Reena sales hats / (rear Toe espn he ens gst ties | cae fi i aows or rons tke eth place n Inher fom to so, even thoughts not stated iso many words In the Quran, > Marelage between a man and any of his grandmothers or granddaughters is forbidden. ‘This f based on the teachings in the Quran which begins, “Prohibited to you are: your mothers, daughters, sisters; Jatherts sisters, mother's ssters, Drothe's deuphters, sister's daughter; foster mothers foster sisters; your wives’ ‘mothers, your step daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives.” [4:23] : ‘he privelpls follows the spirit of ths fll Ist, and adds two categories about which it Is silent but which clearly conform to all the one mentioned here. this example shows that ma can be regarded 35 2 continuation of the divine teaching for legal and practical purposes. twos slays safeguarded by the agreement of leading Muslims or of experts who could say whether or not rrpnnciple wae in harmony with the Quran and Sunnah, So it had the strength of being permitted by respected Individuals yo both knew the teychings of islam closely and also practiced them in thelr lives. vhiailler aude eal ot tiasberlved By n'a Compilation of the Quran. “the Qur'an was revealed Ina span of 23 yeas. I was nt compiled In 9 book form during the life of Prophet (pb. [Mier His death, on suggestion of Umar (R.A) and By n'a of the Companions, it was complied In a book form when many Companions ofthe Prophet (p2.v:h,) were killed in the battle of Yarnamah. 11_The Adhan of umu’she —Exswplg from the Prophel/ Ha r ‘and accepled thei rom he Prophet all Ife} his companions on legal matter accep! ir sae : ith ih componiny obec Hp way. af SgRhi span SI rah aS AC Rag ite Sby ow daa aed Al Trenchithe Pephet perternd Yint along with? is Compontdns cBd accepted Salman Farsi's suggertion oJ digging a trench.NS ’ 1s but during the reign of the Caliph for Jumu’ah Pra cise in the markets, therefore, hat be heard because 7 ing the time of Pree (P! uh, there ana expanded considerably 2 eriged ate ofthe companions Tarawih Prayers prophet (p.b.u-h.) pray ign of the caliph Umar ris lifetime. Iwas Tater 247° the Mraded after’ sha prayers: 1: Que. ps fbesith congregation i yes in four ti Gua yed tahoe ay {R.A) that the system of Bigs its authority asa source of Isla mic law.[10] Define Qiyas and discuss eye [Coy thing by ere ety comes rom eb that mean 0 measure one THREES | Se eat } ilar to it. Cot r r - together.” This vas if the legal method of deducing one principle from ‘another by comparing them Ee rat accept it ct ings le oo sunt and a Sn MBE SP is of Tegal metnod according to Sunni 5 ? these reasons: “ inciples. > itdepends very much on the ability of the legal exper to find comparison between two principl Seaeerrectuod by indiiual it causes unease to some Musi. vent > itdoes not have the same broad support, from revelation or through ‘communal agree! 7 en tases peer ae > HE Teidgne mas, differ Stom ove ponen to anol hr ond HereSorg at F ‘asc Je justification for BxeF Ring Giyas is usually based on the following Abodith: eee (ebuh) sent Muah hn Jabal s judge othe Yemen, he asked i, avi you reach judgment wien» question aes? u’adh replied, ‘according to the Word of Allah. Cutan) fai youted no soto inthe Word of lah?” sn acardingt the Sunnah of the Messenger (pbuh) of Ald” id if you find no solution in the Sunnah of the Messenger(pbuh) of Allah, 1m | shall take a decision according to my own opinion’ ( Or yort asthe other three Es Hoenn nor in the Word? BEY then the Prope "pbuh struck tau‘ad onthe chest with his hand and sad! " sighs. rE raise be to Allah whe has led His Messenger(pbuh) toa solution that pleases him.” ae rf] ‘ere is also the incident at the signing of the treaty of al-Hudaybiya, when at the insistence of the representatives of *>9)" b EH WPtbe ‘akkans, the Prophet Muhammad{obun) askee Hazrat All to change his name (rom Muhammad (pbuh) the Yr 1) 9 [Fl cost otaiancornaneoato aio na ra A Hower tn ot fe forhisdignity, ye jy P21) ha the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) made no objection tothe exercise of his personal judgement. het gid not ay yee belebco in Prophel- Wb besincation for ciyas often also seen inthe Quran, The great expert a-Shaf' for example, cited the verse: meedigahas Po turn then your face in the direction of the Holy Mosque; and wheresoever you are, tuin your faces In that 9:62) thx fpy 1) rection.” (al-Baqara 2:150) } © tu he argued that you should face.the Kaba when you can see it, butface in its direction when you cannot see it, fey ne 2 Mabon) ry 4 Hid ing reason to determine by the sun, stars etc. where its direction les. ben $4 [ther scholars have detected support in many other verses, and have seen Qiyas being employed in such an (9), {!, EEE iscance asthe instruction to use sand for ablutions itwateris natavallable: a 5 tpnd tin you find no water then tae for yourselves ‘lean sund{or earth), and with irub your face and hands." (a-Nisa eS a3) — FE Pipotution. Water maybe beter fortis, bu snd has sm properties, soit can be ‘used in emergencies. is example takes us into the method used in Qiyas, the drawing of comparisons or analogies between two principles. at FFP | thc ever dened hee clements as beng necessary to asoynd rao: FARE] IE] 2% the fundamental teaching (as root) in @ aran ad hadith ne 2.» Thenew matter in question (a7, branch} Cy pce 87 Bales at J. The linking cause that connects them (‘ila}. similarity blis toot od branch wud) eee” FLFEA |) <-> oy celating these together itis possible to arrive at the new judgement, the hukm. Dec Sion ccbouk H a orminsie a4 hg, not aceyhts : Permission durch) bibpen il : WI 0 ae er ies ee oa OF : We / . ;asl must always be a Principle from the Quran (as in this or Consensus. This is how Qiyas has been recognized as the fourth basis of establishin, accepted only when no clear guidance is given by the Quran, is example), the Sunnah g the sacred law of Islam. It is generally Sunnah or Consensus of the community,We floll7 The pal ths mite Praphat “Fell mate nee of Circumstance 9) Neuelotions o) 5 Week 03 Day 01 MTBF? ona) cnn infec )2: Describe what the following Suras Yell Muslims about the circumstances in which they were ales (1) Al Ikhas (412), (2) Al Kauthar 108), @) Duba (3), (4) Naas (114) Surah Al Ikhlas(112) was revealed in Makkah after the event of open preaching of slam, When Prophet (P.B.U.H) invited the Mi: eswncshin.of Allah slane-and forbade them from ideir worship. According to Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud the Qurai Prophet (P f the ancestry of your Lord” There upon this Surah.was-revealed. It is famed nla because it purities faith in Oneness of Allah. IsThe conteht of the Surah clearly established God's oneness (Tauheed)_by.declarng the rejection of shirk which the pagans di by-worshiing 360 dos plated nthe Kaabah it emphasized onthe fat that Allah alone should be worshipped "Say! He is. Al, the dpe anconi {also sald that God does not have a beginning or an eni pote the dos that were worshiped by the Pagans at that time and Allah is free from all limitations df time and space because Hebe ee “Allah, the eternal absolute” oc ee teres It declared that God does not have any physical relations with anyone. The pagans believed that angels were God's daughters, Simultaneously it negated the.idea of Trinity (ater, Son, Holy Spirit) whi Christians believed in, “He begets not, nor is he begotten” _ Fone Gabriel The pagans believed and worshiped the idols they could see, therefore this Surah negated that God had _any physical or human characteristics and said that God is beyond human comprehension because He is unique in His personality, attributes. and actions and nothing should be compared with him, “And there is none like him”. : ~~ “AS the Prophet was preaching his message many people would aské about his God, and this Surah Would be recited as an answer, giving a short and comprehensive insight into Islam's belif in God. Cadbundonee) apposite; Abler Surah Al Kauthar (108) was revealed in Matkah ater the mount of Safa incident of open Preaching of Islam, when Prophet (P.8.U.H) was going through a period of difficulty with the Quraish Both his sons Al Qasim and Abbdullah had died and Quraish used this as an opportunity to mock at the Prophet (P.8.U.H) in order to discourage him from preaching Islam. After his second son Abdullah's death his uncle and worst enemy Abu Lahab called him “Abtar” (cut off from his root) meaning that he had no male descendants to carry his name and they thought that hhis message would die when he passed away. God revealed this Surah to console and give hope to the Prophet (P.8.U.H) under these increasing difficulties by promising that he would be given abundant blessings in this worldly life and in the hereafter.” To you have we granted abundance”. It is interpreted as fountain in heaven, his spiritual progeny (Muslims) and his daughter Fatima, who gave hhim two grandsons Hassan and Hussain, Prophet (P.8.U.H) was instructed to remain loyal to his faith by continuing to live as God taught him. “So pray to your Lord and sacrifice”. It also warned the Prophet's (P.8,U.H) enemies specially Abu Lahab of Aliah’s wrath and said that it would not be the Prophet (P.8.U.H) but his enemies that would be cut off. “He who hates you, he will be cut off". After the revelation of this surah the Prophet {P.8.U.H) continued his mission with renewed hope, strength and devotion,os * gel monthy inbervat | Seok : Uverses of Surah Dah Surah Duha (93) was revealed i 1 in Makkah when the prophet *™" was preaching his messa ‘ 2 phet*'’ was preaching ge openly ood theMablans had become his enemies. It was revealed after an interval of 11 months between the (ffi. +./ revelations, due to which pagans mocked at him. Specially Abu Lahb’s wife Umm_e jamil remarked, .)., ‘teh fam your_Lord_has forsaken- vou" This-sutah-feagsyredim-that “your lord has not you, nor is He displeased”. It also gave him the gladitiding OF successful future life by saying, ‘ ‘and the hereafter will be better for you than the present.”which reffered to his successful future life in Madina. It reminded the pi i herr of God's support for him throughout his life “did He not find n.orphan and give you shelter ; And He found you wandering and He gave you guidance ; And found you in need and he made you independent” «(Fraycisl iidepov ern ve Malijyl first murlats on Lastly it instructed him to continue to live as God taught him by helping the poor and the needy and by expressing gratitude for Godsavours upon him. After the revelation of this surah, the prophet ™ was "1 comforted and he continued to preach Islam to the Makkans. “ed tell aboul He eunky oF y ow Lord! Surah Nas (114) is one of those few surahs of Quran which were revealed on more than one occasions. Firstly it was revealed in Makkah after the open.preaching of Islam when-the prophet (s3v/) forbade the Makkans from idol worship. They threatened the prophet (saw) of the wrath of their false gods and cursed him. This Surah was revealed to condemn their claims by thelr declaring that Prophet (pbuh) was in divine protection therefore, Satan or his followers could not harm him, “sa refuge with the Lord of mankind ,King of mankind, God of mankind from Jinn and from mankind”. ter this surah was revealed in Madina together with surah Falaq when charms and black magic were vacticed om the Tock of prophet's hair by two Jew sisters of Labit-bin.Aasam by tying 11 knots, As the Fest of that prophet (saw) had headache and at, time.thought-of.doing something that he. had not Gone, Allah revealed the surahs to cure the evil effects of black.magic. Prophe svicalled Hazrat Ali and told him about the well, where lock of his hair was thrown and guided him h he black uae by untying each knot by reciting one verse from these surahs. Hazrat Al “prophet (pbuh) was cured from black magic, These surahs together are known as @ ~ protection seekersas they inevaked Allah’s protections against all types of ve Yre Gant of Yo foward invok (a neh Waa) “Muazzatain” or