1

2021 Practice Paper 11

Solutions

Section A: Pure Mathematics

Qn Solution
1 Given that θ is a sufficiently small angle,
[4] 1
sin 2θ + cos θ
1
≈
θ2
2θ + 1 −
2
−1
 θ2 
≈ 1 + 2θ − 
 2 
θ 2  ( −1)( −2 ) 
2
 θ2 
= 1 + ( −1)  2θ −  +  2θ −  + ...
 2  2!  2 
θ2
+ ( 2θ ) + ...
2
1 2θ +
=−
2
9
≈ 1 − 2θ + θ 2
2
9
where a =
−2, b =
2

Qn Solution
2 dy y − 2 y + 5 2

[6] =
dx y−2
y − 2  dy 
2   =1
y − 2 y + 5  dx 
y−2
∫ y 2 − 2 y + 5 dy = ∫ 1 dx
1  2 ( y − 2) 
∫ 2  y 2 − 2 y + 5  dy = ∫ 1 dx
1 2y − 4 
∫ 2  y 2
− 2 y + 5 
dy = ∫ 1 dx

1  2y − 2 2 
∫  2
− 2
2  y − 2 y + 5 y − 2 y + 5  ∫ 1 dx
dy =

1  2y − 2 2 
2 ∫  y 2 − 2 y + 5 ( y − 1)2 + 22  ∫ 1 dx
 −  dy =
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Qn Solution
1 1  y − 1 
 ln y 2 − 2 y + 5 − 2   tan −1   = x + c
2 2  2 
1  y − 1 
 ln ( y 2 − 2 y + 5 ) − tan −1    =x + c
2  2 

When x = 0 , y = 1 ,
1
ln 4 − tan −1 ( 0 )  =
0+c
2
1
=c = ln 4 ln 2
2

1  y − 1 
 ln ( y 2 − 2 y + 5 ) − tan −1    = x + ln 2
2  2 

Qn Solution
3(i) ( x ) ln ( 2 + 2sin x )
f=
[3]
2 cos x
f '( x) =
2 + 2sin x
cos x
=
1 + sin x

Method 1: Apply Quotient Rule

(1 + sin x )( − sin x ) − ( cos x )( cos x )
f '' ( x ) =
(1 + sin x )
2

− sin x − sin 2 x − cos 2 x

=
(1 + sin x )
2

− sin x − ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x )

=
(1 + sin x )
2

− sin x − 1
=
(1 + sin x )
2

− ( sin x + 1)
=
(1 + sin x )
2

−1
=
1 + sin x

Therefore, k = −1 .

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Method 2: Apply Product Rule
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Qn Solution
cos x
f '( x) = ( cos x )(1 + sin x )
−1
=
1 + sin x
f '' ( x ) ( cos x )(1 + sin x )
−1
=

( cos x )  −1(1 + sin x ) ( cos x ) + (1 + sin x ) ( − sin x )

−2 −1
=

− cos 2 x sin x
= −
(1 + sin x )
2
1 + sin x
− cos 2 x − sin x (1 + sin x )
=
(1 + sin x )
2

− cos 2 x − sin x − sin 2 x

=
(1 + sin x )
2

− sin x − ( cos 2 x + sin 2 x )

=
(1 + sin x )
2

− ( sin x + 1)
=
(1 + sin x )
2

−1
=
1 + sin x
Therefore, k = −1 .
3(ii) −1
f '' ( x ) = =− (1 + sin x )
−1
[4] 1 + sin x
f ''' ( x =
) (1 + sin x ) ( cos x )
−2

When x = 0 ,
f ( 0) =
ln ( 2 + 2sin 0 ) =
ln 2
cos 0
f ' ( 0)
= = 1
1 + sin 0
−1
f '' ( 0 ) = = −1
1 + sin 0
f ''' ( 0 ) = (1 + sin 0 ) ( cos 0 ) =
−2
1

Therefore,
( x ) ln ( 2 + 2sin x )
f=
1 2 1 3
= ln 2 + x − x + x + ...
2 6
3(iii) 2 2 1 2 1 3
[1] ∫0 f ( x ) d x ≈ ∫0  ln 2 + x − 2 x + 6 x  d x
≈ 2.7196 = 2.72 (3 s.f.) (from graphing calculator)
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Qn Solution
4 (i) Plane p is parallel to
[2]  0   −k   k   − 12   0   − 12 
      and      
 2 − 2  =  0  3 − 2  =  1 .
 −1  5   −6   −1   −1  0 
           

 k   − 12   6 
   
Normal of p is parallel to  0  ×  1  =
 3.
 −6   0   k 
     

Hence equation of p is
6  0  6
    
r 3  =  2  3  = (0)(6) + (2)(3) + (−1)(k ) = 6 − k .
 k   −1  k 
    

Cartesian equation is 6 x + 3 y + kz =6 − k . (shown)

4 (ii) x+2 z−4
[2] l: = y−2=
−3 k
x+2 z−4
Let λ = = y−2=
−3 k
x =−2 − 3λ
y= 2 + λ
z= 4 + k λ
 −2   −3 
   
 2 +λ 1  , λ ∈
l: r=
 4 k 
   

Method 1: Show l is not parallel to normal of p.

Suppose l is perpendicular to p, then l is parallel to the normal of p, i.e.

 −3   6 
   
 1  = t  3  , for some t ∈  .
 k  k 
   
t = −0.5
−3 =6t 
  1
⇒  1 = 3t ⇒  t =
 k = tk  3
  t = 1
Since there is no unique value of t, l is not parallel to the normal of p, i.e. l cannot
be perpendicular to p. (shown)

Method 2: Show l is not perpendicular to a direction parallel to p.

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Qn Solution

 − 12 
 
Suppose l is perpendicular to p, then l is perpendicular to the  1  . [from (i)]
 0 
 
 −3   −0.5 
   
Since  1  •  1 = 1.5 + 1= 2.5 ≠ 0,
 −2   0 
   
 − 12 
 
l is not perpendicular to the  1 
 0 
 
⇒ l cannot be perpendicular to p. (shown)
4(iii)  −2   −3 
[3]    
l: r=  2 + λ  1  , λ ∈
 4  −2 
   
 6
 
p: r   3  =8
 −2 
 
 −2 − 3λ   6 
   
 2+λ    3  = 8
 4 − 2λ   −2 
   
−12 − 18λ + 6 + 3λ − 8 + 4λ =8
−11λ = 22
λ = −2
 −2 − 3 ( −2 )   4 
   
position vector of N=  2 + ( −2 )  =  0 
 4 − 2 ( −2 )   8 
   
Coordinates of N ( 4 , 0, 8 ) .
4(iv) Method 1: Length of Projection
[3] Let the point of intersection of l and π be M.
 −2 − 3λ 
  
Since M lies on l, OM =  2 + λ  for some λ ∈ 
 4 − 2λ 
 
 4   −2 − 3λ   6 + 3λ 
      
MN =  0  −  2 + λ  =  −2 − λ  .
 8   4 − 2λ   4 + 2 λ 
     
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Qn Solution
 6 + 3λ   6
  1  
 −2 − λ  2 2 2 
3=11
 4 + 2λ  6 + 3 + ( −2 )  −2 
    Perpendicular
1 distance
36 + 18λ − 6 − 3λ − 8 − 4λ = 11
7
22 + 11λ = 77
Perpendicular
λ 77 or − 77
22 + 11= distance
11λ 55 or − 99
=

=λ 5 or − 9

 −2 − 3 ( 5 )   −2 − 3 ( −9 ) 
    
OM=  2 + ( 5 )  or  2 + ( −9 ) 
 4 − 2 ( 5)   4 − 2 ( −9 ) 
   
 −17   25 
   
=  7  or  −7 
 −6   22 
   
Hence, possible points of intersections between l and π are ( − 17, 7, − 6) and (25,
− 7, 22).
---------------------------------------------------------------
Method 2: Distance between two planes
 6
Let the equation of π be r 3  = a
 −2 
 

8 a
Distance between
= p and π −
62 + 32 + ( −2 ) 62 + 32 + ( −2 )
2 2

8−a
=
7
8−a
= 11
7
8−a =
77
8=
− a 77 or − 77
a = −69 or 85

Hence possible equations of π are

 6  6
   
r 3  = −69 or r 3  = 85
 −2   −2 
   
To find the point of intersection between l and π :
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Qn Solution
 6
For π : r 3  = −69 ,
 −2 
 
 −2 − 3λ   6 
   
 2+λ    3  = −69
 4 − 2λ   −2 
   
−12 − 18λ + 6 + 3λ − 8 + 4λ =−69
−11λ = −55
λ =5
 −2 − 3 ( 5 )   −17 
    
OM=  2 + ( 5)  =  7 
   
 4 − 2 ( 5 )   −6 

 6
 
Similarly, for π : r 3  = 85 ,
 −2 
 
 −2 − 3λ   6 
   
 2+λ    3  = 85
 4 − 2λ   −2 
   
−12 − 18λ + 6 + 3λ − 8 + 4λ = 85
−11λ = 99
λ = −9
 −2 − 3 ( −9 )   25 
    
OM=  2 + ( −9 )  =  −7  .
 4 − 2 ( −9 )   22 
   

Hence, possible points of intersections between l and π are ( − 17, 7, − 6) and (25,
− 7, 22).

Qn Solution
5(i) 1 1 1
[3] Substitute x = t + + 4, y = t − + 1 into y = x − 2 − ,
t t x −3
1  1  1
We have t − + 1 =  t + + 4  − 2 −
t  t   1 
t + + 4 − 3
 t 
1 1 1
⇒ t − +1 = t + + 2 −
t t 1
t + +1
t
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2 t t2 +1
⇒− = 1− 2 = 2
t t + t +1 t + t +1
⇒ −2t − 2t − 2= t 3 + t
2

⇒ t 3 + 2t 2 + 3t + 2 =0

Method 1: Use graphing calculator

From graphing calculator, t = −1 is the only real solution.
Hence, curve D and E intersect only once at t = −1.

Method 2: Factorise
t 3 + 2t 2 + 3t + 2 =0
(t + 1)(t 2 + t + 2) =0 .
2
t =−1 or t + t + 2 =0 (no real solution)
Hence, curve D and E intersect only once at t = −1.

When t = −1, x = 2 and y = 1.

The coordinate at t = −1 is ( 2,1) .
5(ii)
[2]

Curve D

5(iii) Using x = t + 3 ,
[3] 1 1
y = ( t + 3) − 2 − = t +1− .
( t + 3) − 3 t
x ≤ 2 ⇒ t + 3 ≤ 2 ⇒ t ≤ −1
1
Curve E: x = t + 3 , y = t + 1 − , t ≤ −1
t

Curve E

Curve D
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5(iv) Method 1: Using x-axis (both curve in parametric form)

[4] For the Curve D:
1 dx 1
x =t + + 4 ⇒ =1 − 2
t dt t
When x = 0, t =− 3 − 2 (given)
When x = 2, t = −1

For the Curve E:

dx
x =t + 3 ⇒ =1
dt
When x = 0, t = −3
When x = 2, t = −1

Area
−1  1  −1  1  1
= ∫−3  t 
 t − + 1  (1 ) d t − ∫− 3 −2  t − t + 1 1 − t 2  dt
= 1.3929 units 2 . (4 d.p.)
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Method 2: Using x-axis (1 cartesian, 1 parametric)
For the Curve D:
1 dx 1
x =t + + 4 ⇒ =1 − 2
t dt t
When x = 0, t = − 3 − 2 (given)
When x = 2, t = −1
Area
2 1 −1  1  1
= ∫ x−2− dx − ∫  t − + 1 1 − 2  dt
0 x −3 − 3 − 2
 t  t 
2
= 1.3929 units . (4 d.p.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method 3: Using y-axis
For the Curve D:
1 dy 1
y = t − +1 ⇒ = 1+ 2
t dt t
At y-intercept ( x =0), t = − 3 − 2 (given)
When y = 1, t = −1
For the Curve E:
1 dy 1
y = t +1− ⇒ = 1+ 2
t dt t
At y-intercept ( x = 0), t = −3
When y = 1, t = −1
Area
−1  1  1 −1  1
= ∫  t + + 4  1 + 2  dt − ∫ ( t + 3) 1 + 2  dt
− 3 −2
 t  t  −3
 t 
= 1.3929 units 2 . (4 d.p.)