DCV 1044 – AMALAN BENGKEL

TOPIK 2: PERALATAN BENGKEL

Disampaikan oleh:
Muhammad Amirul bin Abdullah
Unit Automotif, KKBD

cikguamirul.wordpress.com
 TOPIK 2.0 PERALATAN BENGKEL
2.1 PENGENALAN KEPADA PERALATAN BENGKEL

2.2 MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN TANGAN ASAS

2.3 MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN TANGAN AUTOMOTIF

2.4 MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN BERKUASA

2.5 MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN PENGUKURAN

2.6 MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN MENGANGKAT
BAHAN DAN KENDERAAN
 2.1
PENGENALAN KEPADA
PERALATAN BENGKEL
 Alatan tangan digunakan dalam proses melonggarkan dan
mengetatkan skru / bolt / nat dalam bidang Automotif.

 Alatan tangan mestilah sesuai dengan bahan dan tujuan

untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat tangan, skru, bolt,
atau nat.

 Kemahiran mengendalikan alatan tangan dan faktor

keselamatan semasa menggunakan alatan juga perlu dijaga.
Bolts, screws and nuts
Types of bolts

Through Bolt Tap Bolt Stud Bolt

Types of Nuts

Hex Slotted Hex Castle Acorn Square

(or Castellated) Collar

Self-Locking Interference Self-Locking Palnut

Various Types of Screw heads

Hexagonal Internal Fluted Phillips Round Flat Fillister Oval

Head Hex (Allen) Head Head Head Head
Bolt and nut size indication
B
Hexagonal bolt Hexagonal nut
M 10 x 1.25
Pitch
Nominal diameter (d)
B Metric Thread
60°
B

A D

Pitch p
Nut (Internal Thread)
Bolt (External Thread)

Thread nominal diameter D Diameter P Pitch B Width across flats

M5 5mm 0.8mm 8mm
M6 6mm 1mm 10mm
M8 8mm 1.25mm 12mm
M10 10mm 1.25mm or 1.5mm 14mm

Examples of General Bolts and Nuts

Bolt and nut tightening torque

1kg (Mass)

1m 1 kg.f or 9.8N
(Force in this case)

1 kg.f or 9.8N
(Weight or force)
10cm (0.1m) 20cm (0.2m)

100kg.f x 0.1m = 1kg.m

or
100N x 0.1m = 10N.m

100kg.f x 0.2m = 2kg.m

10kg (100N) or 10kg (100N)
100N x 0.2m = 20N.m

Torque wrench
 Bolt property class
Thread Pitch Standard tightening Torque (Nm.cm, lb.ft)
Head Mark 4 Head Mark 7

M5 0.8 3 ~ 4 (30 ~ 40, 2.2 ~ 2.9) 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3)

M6 1.0 5 ~ 6 (50 ~ 60, 3.6 ~ 4.3) 9 ~ 11 (90 ~ 110, 6.5 ~ 8.0)
M8 1.25 12 ~ 15 (120 ~ 150, 9 ~ 11) 30 ~ 50 (300 ~ 500, 22 ~ 36)
M10 1.25 25 ~ 30 (250 ~ 300, 18 ~ 22) 60 ~ 80 (600 ~ 800, 43 ~ 58)
M12 1.25 35 ~ 45 (350 ~ 450, 25 ~ 33) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~
100)
M14 1.5 75 ~ 85 (750 ~ 850, 54 ~ 61) 120 ~ 140 (1,200 ~ 1,400, 85 ~
100)
M16 1.5 110 ~ 130 (1,100 ~ 1,300, 180 ~ 210 (1,800 ~ 2,100, 130 ~
80 ~ 94) 150)
M18 1.5 160 ~ 180 (1,600 ~ 1,800, 260 ~ 300 (2,600 ~ 3,000, 190 ~
116 ~ 130) 215)
M20 1.5 220 ~ 250 (2,200 ~ 2,500, 360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200, 260 ~
160 ~ 180) 300)
M22 1.5 290 ~ 330 (2,900 ~ 3,300, 480 ~ 550 (4,800 ~ 5,500, 350 ~
210 ~ 240) 400)
M24 1.5 360 ~ 420 (3,600 ~ 4,200, 610 ~ 700 (6,100 ~ 7,000, 440 ~
260 ~ 300) 505)
Washers, pins and keys
Washer Nut (or screwhead)
Lock Washer
Flat Washer

Plain Spring Lock External Internal

Tooth Lock Tooth Lock

Lock Washer

Pins

Split pin Taper pin Straight pin Roll pin

Keys

Square key Flat key Woodruff key

Correct usage of wrench and screwdriver

No good No good OK No good OK

Safety Precautions
 2.2
MENGENAL PASTI
PERALATAN TANGAN ASAS
 60° OFFSET RING SPANNER

OPEN-END SPANNER

10° OFFSET RING SPANNER

RING SPANNER
RATCHETING RING
SPANNER
 COMBINATION SPANNERS

OPEN-END AND RING SPANNER

OPEN-END AND SOCKET
 SOCKET SPANNERS

SINGLE HEXAGONAL
TORX DRIVE
DOUBLE HEXAGONAL

EXTRA DEEP
 SOCKET ACCESSORIES

BREAKER

RATCHET & SOCKET SET

BREAKER
EXTENSION
 SOCKET ACCESSORIES

UNIVERSAL JOINT
SPEED BRACE BAR

SLIDING HANDLE
 SPECIAL RING SPANNERS

C-SHAPE S-SHAPE

FLARE NUT
ADJUSTABLE SPANNER
 STRAPWRENCH
PIPE WRENCH
 SCREWDRIVERS

PHILIPS

FLAT TIP

ELECTRICAL
POZIDRIZ
POZIDRIZ
TOOL KIT WHEEL BRACE
CROSS WHEEL BRACE
 PLIERS

SLIP JOINT
COMBINATION

BENT-NOSE
LONG-NOSE
 PLIERS

MULTI-GRIP

END-CUTTING

DIAGONAL-CUTTING
 CIRCLIP PLIERS

CURVED EXTERNAL

STRAIGHT EXTERNAL INTERNAL EXTERNAL

STRAIGHT INTERNAL
CURVED INTERNAL
 VICE-GRIP PLIERS

STANDARD GRIP

LONG NOSE
 BENCH VISE

STANDARD VISE

OFFSET VISE
 CLAMPS

SHEET METAL

PIPE CLAMP
SHEET METAL
G-CLAMP
WELDING CLAMP
 HAMMERS

BALLPEIN
MALLET

CROSSPEIN
CROSSPEIN
 BRONZE-TIP

PANEL BEATER
PLASTIC HEAD
 PUNCHES

CENTRE PUNCHES PIN PUNCHES

HACKSAW
COLD CHISELS
FILES
 METAL SHEARS &BOLTCUTTERS

BOLTCUTTERS METAL CUTTING SHEARS

SCRIBER/PENGGARIT DIVIDER
 TAP & DIE

Taper

Plug

Bottoming
Round cutting die

Turn one
turn forward

Back out
half a turn

Cutting oil
 EXTRACTOR
Corrective steps against tightening failures

Punch Pipe wrench

Removal of Broken Bolt

Using another screw

Using a screw extractor

Screw Extractor

Removal of Broken Bolt remained within the thread

T-WRENCH
SPARK PLUG OPENER
AIR GUN
IMPACT SCREWDRIVER
 Saiz kecil

Saiz besar

TYRE LEVER
TYRE INFLATION GAUGE
SCRAPER
 2.3
MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN
TANGAN AUTOMOTIF
 SKALA /
BACAAN TORQUE

TORQUE WRENCH
 DIGITAL TORQUE WRENCH

ANGLE TORQUE WRENCH

 ALLEN KEY

TORX WRENCH
ANGULAR TORQUE GAUGE
& SOCKET DRIVE
 JENIS GELANG

JENIS TALI
JENIS RANTAI JENIS PENUTUP
OIL FILTER OPENER
PISTON RING COMPRESSOR
PISTON RING OPENER
 Valve

VALVE COMPRESSOR
VALVE SEAL OPENER

Valve Seat

Valve
Seal
Valve
VALVE LAPPER SET
Valve core
TYRE VALVE CORE OPENER
WEIGHT TOOL PLIER
TYRE REPAIR KIT
AUTOMOTIVE STETHOSCOPE
BEARING PULLER
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL

BOLT JOINT REMOVER

 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL

COIL SPRING COMPRESSOR

 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOL

STEERING-WHEEL PULLER

GUIDE &
BUSH DRIVER BEARING INSTALLER
 2.4
MENGENAL PASTI
PERALATAN BERKUASA
 PORTABLE AIR-OPERATED POWER TOOLS

AIR IMPACT
AIR DRILL WRENCH GASKET
SANDER

AIR RATCHET
 PORTABLE ELECTRIC POWER TOOLS

240V ANGLE
GRINDER
240V DRILL

18V IMPACT
WRENCH
240V DRILL WITH
HANDLE
 IMPACT SOCKET
AIR IMPACT WRENCH
SCREW

AIR IMPACT SCREWDRIVER

HAND POLISH MACHINE
 HYDRAULIC PRESS

Pressure gauge

Cradle
lock pin

Hydraulic pump
CUTTING MACHINE
(DISC CUTTER)
BENCH GRINDER
DRILL MACHINE
 2.5
MENGENAL PASTI
PERALATAN
PENGUKURAN
STEEL RULER
 CALIPERS

OUTSIDE CALIPERS

INSIDE CALIPERS
TRY SQUARE
(SESIKU-L)
FEELER GAUGE
FEELER GAUGE

WIRE GAUGE
 VERNIER CALIPER
Rahang Dalam

Skala Bilah
Badan Utama
Skru Kedalaman
Skala
Rahang Luar Pengunci
Vernier
Bacaan Skala Utama yang hampir dengan 1 mm
: 66 X 1.00 = 66.00 mm

Bacaan Skala Vernier senggatan yang ke-39 yang

sejajar dengan skala satu garisan pada skala utama
: 39 X 0.02 = 0.78 mm

Jumlah = 66.78 mm
Correct and incorrect usage of the Vernier Caliper

Object to Vernier scale jaw

be measured

Incorrect usage

Regular scale jaw

A B C

Regular scale

Correct usage

Depth
A B C stick

(Outside diameter) (Inside diameter) (Depth)

 MICROMETER

1. Bingkai
2. Andas
3. Spindal
4. Pengunci
Spindal
5. Sarung
6. Jidal
7. Richet
Micrometer
Anvil Spindle Tapered nut

Sleeve Thimble Ratchet

stop
Clamp lock

click
click
click
INSIDE MICROMETER
DEPTH GAUGES
 MULTIMETER

Digital Analog
BATTER TESTER
BATTERY HYDROMETER
COMPRESSION TESTER
TYRE PRESSURE GAUGE
TYRE THREAD GAUGE
AUTOMOTIVE SCAN TOOLS
AUTOMOTIVE STRAIGHT EDGE
CYLINDER BORE DIAL GAUGE
HOLE GAUGES
COMBINATION SET
SURFACE PLATE

VEE BLOCKS
 2.6
MENGENAL PASTI PERALATAN
MENGANGKAT BAHAN DAN
KENDERAAN
ENGINE STAND
ENGINE HOIST
FLOOR JACK
CAR STAND
AUTOMOTIVE SCAN TOOLS
4—POST LIFT
SCISSOR LIFT
Garage jack, rigid rack and auto lift

Saddle seat
Saddle seat arm
Handlebar

Caster wheel Lift

Lift block
block

Rigid Rack Auto Lift

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