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台灣半導體產業趨勢暨智慧電表專題研討會

智慧電表之發展趨勢與商機

何無忌 (Wu-Chi Ho)


Power Control and Sensing Technology
Energy and Environment Lab.
ITRI
March 26, 2010
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智慧電網(Smart Grid)

通訊網路+ 感測系統 + 智慧決策 + 再生能源 + 儲能設備 + 電動汽車 + …

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Smart Energy House

REF: TI 3
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智慧型電網與AMI國際現況
韓國
2030完成全國智慧電網建置,
英國 丹麥 濟州島pilot計畫即將開始
瑞典
能源白皮書:英國 2004由電業自主開始
已於2009 年完成全國
將於10年內(2020) 智慧電表換置
5百萬顆雙向智慧型電表裝設
完成智慧型電表裝設 日本
NEDO推動的示範型
法國 荷蘭 微型電網,分別在愛
目前9,000顆Smart Meter 義大利 2013年前完成7百萬 知、青森、京都和仙
預計2013完成全面建置 將於2011年完成3.6百萬顆 住家裝設智慧型電表 台四處成立
雙向智慧型電表裝設 關西電力公司預計十
年投資1000億日圓來
換裝1千2百萬具電表

加拿大
亞伯達省以及英屬哥倫比 中國
亞省推行AMI,安大略將 2009完成智慧電網規劃編制工作
美國 2010年完成智慧電網pilot計畫
於2010年完成80萬雙向智
DOE/EERE部門在國家型科技藍圖Grid 2030規劃 預計投入四千億人民幣於電網發展
慧型電表裝設
下,於1999年成立CERTS (Consortium for
Electric Reliability Solutions)。Mad River Micro-
Grid Park (NREL, Northern Power Systems, 3600
kW)

•PG&E將於2012年前於加州北、中部完成5.4百萬 澳洲 紐西蘭
顆Smart Meter安裝(電表與瓦斯表) Victoria已開始將接近使用
預計2012年時將會有
•SCE將於2013年前於南加州完成5百萬顆Smart 壽命之電表汰換為雙向智 130家戶裝智慧電表
Meter安裝 慧型電表,將於2013年完 但認為有HAN才能
成1百萬個換裝 真正達到節能 4
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智慧型電網國際現況 (美國)

1. 美國歐巴馬政府在振興經濟方案中,規劃兩年內將投入110億美元,建置
智慧電網及先進電表系統;加州更預計至2012年時,全州都將裝設智慧電
表。

2. DOE/EERE部門在國家型科技藍圖Grid 2030規劃下,於1999年成立
CERTS (Consortium for Electric Reliability Solutions)。Mad River Micro-
Grid Park (NREL, Northern Power Systems, 3600 kW)

3. IEEE已成立了一個新的工作小組,專責智慧電網相關標準的訂定工作;此
外,有40家左右的業者計畫在六月份於美國矽谷首度聚會,探討該領域的
投資事宜。

4. 美國國家標準局(NIST)宣佈,於2009年9月公開名為“NIST Smart Grid


Interoperability Standards Framework”的智慧電網標準架構。

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智慧型電網國際現況 (日本)

1. 日本目前正著手制定針對溫室氣體減排的經濟振興方案,計劃於未來5年
內將綠色經濟市場規模擴大至100兆日圓(約1.08兆美元),並於相關產業
新增220萬個工作機會。研擬中的方案包括各種擴大內需措施,例如對購
買節能家電和電動汽車提供補貼、促進節能型住宅普及、對環境領域投資
實施免息貸款、為民間建設風力發電設施提供融資支援等。

2. 近來對於再生能源投注相當多的心力,目前在境內已有四個由NEDO (The
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) 推動的
示範型微型電網,分別在愛知、青森、京都和仙台四處成立。
Hachinohe(710 kW) 、 Aichi EXPO (2400 kW) 、 Kyotango(850 kW) 、
Shimizu(450 kW) 。

3. 日本經產省於一月召開智慧電網研究會議,目標3年內國際標準化。

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智慧型電網國際現況 (歐盟)

1. 歐盟委員會於2010年1月提出總額35億歐元的能源投資計畫,以刺激經濟,
並減少對俄羅斯天然氣的依賴,包括7億歐元用於加強歐洲電網建設、5億
歐元建設沿海風力發電計畫、12.5億歐元建設二氧化碳捕捉儲存計畫等。
歐盟更於3月宣布將在2013年之前投資1050億歐元支援發展綠色經濟,以
促進就業及經濟成長。

2. 建立European SmartGrids Technology Platform,投入大量資源在分散式


電源整合、新世代電力網管理及未來電力系統與電力政策規劃等議題。

3. 1998年,由National Technical University of Athens(NTUA)所領導的研究


團隊進行,2002年自其他歐盟國家的研究單位陸續加入,目前已有11個國
家中的22個單位。(德國ISET、英國曼徹斯特大學、法國Ecole de Mines) 。

4. 英國也計畫在2020年之前,為全國2,600萬戶安裝智慧電表。全面使用智慧
電表已納入德國政府氣候保護要點之一,並規定自2010年起,新建及翻修
的建築物皆須加裝智慧電表。義大利已投入21億歐元,完成3,100萬個智慧
電表的換裝。
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智慧型電網國際現況 (中國)

1. 新疆維吾爾自治區,私有電網(委託日本技術),2009 年11月底完成智慧電
網規劃編制工作。

2. 上海市電力公司與中國電科院,積極推動統一堅強智慧電網的建設,於
2009年8月,成立“上海市電力公司— 中國電力科學研究院智慧電網聯合研
發中心” 。將發展新能源、電動汽車、電能品質監測管理、配網自動化、
安穩預警與控制、智慧家居與智慧小區等。

3. 國網電力科學研究院建設中國國內首個座推進智慧電網建設而建立的科研
產業基地,基地內將構建1個研究中心,8個研究所,10個研發實驗室。將
是中國堅強智慧電網自主技術研發、核心裝備製造、關鍵產品檢測之據點。

4. 2010年1月國網宣佈第一批300萬智慧電錶得標廠商。

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全球智慧電網願景
目標
歐盟 預計在2020年內將百分之二十的電力替換為再生能源 , 智慧電網的架設則有助於將再生能源
的生產分散配給到小型發電設施以解決現存的能源供應障礙。因此,發展智慧電網將有助於
能源遠程運輸,進而達到分散能源產地的作用,最終目標則是在2050年以前完成一套全面性
的再生能源系統。
美國 智慧電網發展大致可分為三個階段:第一階段是2009年,各州政府計畫並著手發展;第二階
段是2011年到2020年,家電設備能透過有線或無線方式遠距操作;第三階段是2030年,各種
電器設備都能自行控制負荷量。 據美國電力研究所評估,到第三階段,全美用電量降幅可達
到4%,換算下來,等於可節省204億美元的電費。
韓國 韓國知識經濟部日前召開「智慧電網國家藍圖綜合委員會」,確定推動智慧電網之國家藍圖
。智能電網計劃2020年完成,但全國普及要到2030年。 預計透過全國的智慧電網可減少尖峰
用電6%與3%的平均用電,並且每年可減少4千萬噸的溫室氣體排放。
中國 國家電網公司提出了全面建設以特高壓電網為骨幹網架、各級電網協調發展的堅強電網為基
礎,以資訊化、數字化、自動化、互動化為特徵的統一堅強智慧電網計劃。針對此計劃國家
電網做出了三階段規劃,2009年至2010年為規劃試點階段,2011年至2015年為全面建設階段
,2016年至2020年為引領提升階段。2009年8月份,第一階段工作已全面啟動,將重點開展電
網智慧化規劃工作,制定技術標準和管理規範,研究關鍵技術和研發智慧化設備,開展各環
節的試點工作。
日本 東京電力和関西電力等電力公司開始投資構建第二代智慧電網(Smart Grid),目標除在所有
家庭安裝智慧電錶(Smart Meter)外,還計劃加強送變電設施及蓄電裝置建設。2020年前相
關電力設施投資預計超過1萬億日元。日本經濟產業省編制了《新國家能源戰略》,提出要大 9
力發展節能技術和新能源產業,預計到2030年前將全國的整體能源使用效率提高30%以上。
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全球智慧電網發展重點

發展重點
歐盟 智慧電網的研究及應用重點放在配電和用電領域,智慧電網研發重點有三個,即可再生能
源和分佈式電源併網技術,電動汽車與電網協調運行技術,以及電網與用戶的雙向互動技
術。
美國的智慧電網定義有七大特性:自愈、互動、安全、提供適應21世紀需求的電能品質、
適應所有的電源種類和電能儲存方式、適應所有的電源種類和電能儲存方式、可市場化交
美國 易、優化電網資產提高運營效率。智慧電網的規劃中注重區域協調,電力市場,電力網路
基礎架構的升級更新,分佈式電源接入,用戶環節雙向互動,同時最大限度利用資訊技術
,實現系統智慧對人工的替代。
韓國 韓國政府並計畫將開發電力IT技術、建構濟州島試驗(Test Bed)園區等以個別事業計畫
推動之智慧電網專案,具體綜合成國家計畫,分成智能型電力網、消費者、運輸、新再生
能源與服務等5大部分,研擬階段別之技術開發與事業模式。
中國 中國國家電網公司正在全面建設堅強的智慧電網,即建設以特高壓電網為骨幹網架、各級
電網協調發展的堅強電網,並實現電網的資訊化、數字化、自動化、互動化,在供電安全
、可靠和優質的基礎上,進一步實現清潔、高效、互動的目標。
日本 日本智慧電網發展重點,在設法使像太陽能這種發電等不定時、不定量的能源,充分應用
在電力上。透過與資通技術的結合,建立電力的監測管理系統,透過標準化的通訊協定,
可同時管理多種發電設備、負載與電網、降低系統成本,確保系統經濟性。
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智慧電網與傳統電網之差異與技術需求
技術演進
Smart grid 技術開始於電表之發展,從原始之機械電表至單向數位讀表(AMR)
演變至雙向之自動讀表系統(AMI) 並與微電網控制技術結合
Technologies Capabilities
Intelligent Appliances
Customer Portals
Intelligent
Smart Grid (Interconnected Distributed/Cogen
Agents Smart
Network of Microgrids with Emission Control
Distributed Control) Intelligent Grid
Applications Load Management
Network Preventive/Self-Healing
Management Substation Automation
ROI

Distribution Automation
Distributed
Control Customer Information System
Two-Way Automated Metering Smart Asset Management AMI
Infrastructure (AMI) Sensors
Outage Detection and Restoration
Two-Way
Communication Demand Response

One-Way Automated One-Way


Automated Billing
Meter Reading (AMR) Communication AMR

Electromechanical Meters 11
資料來源:H. Farhangi, 2010,” THE PATH OF THE SMART GRID
Copyright 2010 ITRI Investments “Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE , vol.8, no.1, pp. 18 - 28 .
先進電表系統之基礎設施 (AMI)
新設高效率機組 特殊保護系統 變電所自動化 AMI基礎設施
汰換老舊機組 先進電力電子設備 饋線自動化

電力調度中心 發電 輸電 配電 用戶

AMI
Private / Private Private
Local Area Home Area
Public Network Network
WAN (LAN) (HAN)
控制中心 •GPRS 集中器 電表
•PLC •PLC
•3.5G/WiMAX (含通訊模組)
•ZigBee •ZigBee
•PLC
•FTTx/xDSL
•WiFi •RS485
•… •… •…
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Questions about AMI ?
1. What is the current size and expected growth of the smart meter market
worldwide and by region?
2. What trends are occurring with the neighborhood area communications
technologies that will be used in conjunction with smart meters? (fixed RF
adoption, powerline, cellular technologies )
3. What trends are occurring with the wide area communications technologies
that will be used in conjunction with smart meters?
4. What are the key drivers and challenges to smart metering market adoption?
5. What trends are occurring in the value chain for smart metering technology?
6. What is the impact of government regulation/legislation on smart metering
adoption?

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Key Technology Futures for AMI Solution

• Ultra-low-power
• Integrated intelligent peripherals
• Easy to get started
• high real-time performance
• high instruction throughput
• Minimal response time
• Intelligent peripherals

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AMI’s Value Chain
1. Meters
Meter functionality is diverse
Technological innovation is only a temporary differentiator among meter
manufacturers
The frequency of meter readings will drive huge investment in data center
hardware
2. Communications
Home area network communications
Last mile to home - the network linking smart meters to the outside world
Wide area network - transmitting meter data to the utility
3. Meter data management systems (MDMS)
Meter data management systems become the core of AMI-enabled
functionality
The functionality of MDMS systems varies from supplier to supplier
MDMS systems are all adaptations of products designed for different
applications
All MDMS systems are struggling with scalability issues
4. Beyond the MDMS
Smart delivery
Smart customer 15
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GO TO Market

•Understand your clients' specific needs


•Don' t rely on technology to differentiate
•Provide strong ROI cases and proofs of concept for
applications beyond the MDMS
•Work around utilities' inherent conservatism
•Services companies should focus on the customer side
for AMI-driven opportunities

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Market Opportunities (1)

Ageing electricity
infrastructure is based
on centralized
generation
Current industry  Cost to serve
 Electricity theft is exacerbated by time to detection
pressures puts the  Widely dispersed renewable energy generation causes problems
centralized generation on the distribution network
model under strain  The intermittency of wind power increases the potential for large
scale energy storage investment
 Improve interoperability
 Demand management
 Customer usage data
 Mismatches in the settlement process

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Market Opportunities (2)

 AMI, as a part of the  The functionality made available through AMI addresses many of
smart grid, can address the current industry pressures
 Smart grid technologies address issues surrounding distributed
many of the current
generation
industry pressures
 AMI adoption will vary  There are many factors that drive the type of AMI and smart grid
across geographies investment
 AMI is more likely to gain funding than other capital projects
 Not all AMI roll outs are driven by logical decision-making
 The drivers for adoption varies across geographies

 There are many barriers  The technology remains unproven at scale


to the adoption of AMI  Open standards
 To gain full functional benefit of AMI, much of a utilities back office
technology
and applications need upgrading
 The recession and subsequent economic stimulus package have
both caused delays to AMI investments in the United States
 European regulations will probably insist on minimal technological
requirement

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COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE (參考資料1)

Meter manufacturers Itron , Landis + Gyr , Elster , Echelon

Communications manufacturers Trilliant , Silver Spring Networks , Ambient ,


Aclara

Telecommunications companies

MDMS vendors OSIsoft , Ecologic Analytics , Itron ,


EnergyICT , eMeter (EnergyIP) , Alcatel-
Lucent
Enterprise software companies Oracle , SAP

Systems integrators and IBM , Accenture , Capgemini , Logica

outsourcers
Partnerships and alliances Smart Energy Alliance , AMI Lighthouse
Council

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COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE (參考資料2)

Meter and Smart CalAmp, Echelon Corporation, Eka Systems Inc, Elster
Integrated Solutions, ESCO Technologies Inc, GE
Metering
Energy, Grid Net, GridPoint, Holley Metering Ltd, Itron
Technology Inc, Landis+Gyr, Maestro Wireless Solutions (Fargo
Vendors Telecom Group), Silver Spring Networks, SmartSynch,
Telenor Cinclus, Trilliant Networks
Connectivity Aeris Communications, AT&T Corporation, CrossBridge
Solutions, Jasper Wireless, KORE Telematics, Mach
Service Providers Communications, NTT DoCoMo, Numerex Corporation,
Orange Business Services, Rogers Communications Inc,
Sprint, Swisscom, Telefonica O2, Telenor Group,
TELUS, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile USA, Vodafone
Group Public Ltd Co, Wyless PLC
AnyDATA, Cinterion Wireless Modules, Enfora, Huawei
Module Vendors Technologies Co Ltd, iWOW Technology, Motorola M2M
Wireless Modules, Sierra Wireless, SIMCom Wireless
Solutions, Telit Communications
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COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE (參考資料2)

Other Key Smart 4Home Inc, AlertMe, Ambient Devices, Arcadian


Networks Inc, Blue Line Innovations Inc, Control4,
Metering Players Current Cost, Coronis Systems, an Elster Group
Company, CURRENT Group, ecobee Inc, Ember
Corporation, eMeter Inc, Energate Inc, EnergyHub Inc,
EnerNOC Inc, EnOcean Alliance, Exceptional Innovation
LLC, Freescale Semiconductor, Google, GreenWare,
GridWise Alliance Inc, HomePlug Powerline Alliance,
iControl Networks Inc, Intamac Systems, Lagotek
Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, OpenPeak Inc,
Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Portus Singapore Pte
Ltd, PowerHouse Dynamics llc, RWE AG, Sequentric
Energy Systems LLC, Tendril Networks, uControl Inc,
Xanboo Inc, ZigBee Alliance, Z-Wave Alliance

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(參考資料3)

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Four Characteristics of Intelligent Meter

Interval Measurements
(Measuring both consumption and time)

Interface with Data Monitoring and


Discrete Loads

Automatic Transmission of Resulting


Data - To energy provider (No manual meter reading)
- To consumer (Load and usage control)
- To grid operator (Grid Optimization)

Two-way communications
(Data collection, Monitoring, Ancillary Services and
Load Control) 23
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Major Players on Global Market of Smart
Meter (1)
Compan AMI Business Markets Deployments
y
- “Smart meters” 60 Countries Itron won 4 major utility scale AMI contracts, Southern
- Communications (2/3 revenue California Edison deal is the largest –4.8 million meters
network and from and the communications infrastructure by 2012
software international (Total value –US $ 480 million)
contracts)
-“Smart meters” 100 countries GE won many of the largest AMI deployments in North
- Software with major America, including: a share of the 5.3 million meter
- Grid Optimization locations in deployment with Pacific Gas and Electric, a 5 million
USA, meter deployment with AEP and others.
Germany,
U.K., France,
China …
- “Smart meters” 30 Countries Landis+Gyr has secured 4 of the major North American
- Communications utility AMI contracts: Texas utility Oncor Energy - 3 million
network meters and networking communications systems (US $
360 million); Pacific Gas & Electric -
2.5 million meters (US $ 250 million)
PHI (mid-Atlantic utility Pepco) –1 million meters and
others
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Major Players on Global Market of Smart
Meter (2)
Company AMI Business Markets Deployments

-“Smart meters” 38 countries, Elster has delivered over 2 million smart metering
- Mesh network focused in devices worldwide. Elster has one large deployment in
solutions North and progress with Arizona Public Services (APS) for
South America, 800,000 smart meters. Being one of the earliest
Europe and providers of complete AMI solutions Elster has not
Asia landed one of the major North American utility AMI
contracts.
- “Smart meters” The U.S., Echelon has approximately 1.5 million meters installed
(Networked China, France, in Europe (Echelon currently has more than 90 pilots
Energy Services) Germany, underway in Europe). It provides power line
- Hong Kong, networking to a 30+ million smart meter systems for
Communications Italy, Japan, Italian utility Enel SPA. Echelon’ s only North American
network Korea, the smart meter contract is with Duke Energy (60,000
(Lon Works) Netherlands, meters deployed), Duke Energy plans to spend $ 1
the U.K. billion to bring smart meters to its household area in
the next 5 years. Echelon will likely get involved in
those larger projects after Duke’ s pilot deployment.

-“Smart meters” The U.S, Sensus won the contract to provide 4.3 million
- Germany, Southern Company customers with AMI meters and
Communications China, Brazil, networking over the next 5 years.
system Chile 25
Copyright 2010 ITRI
Investment of IC Companies in
Smart Grid and Green Technologies
Company 2009 Green Investment rate Green
(Unit: Billion USD) Total Energy of Green Technologies
Asset Investment Technologies (%)

50.72 3.5 7% • Solar Energy


• Smart grid

73.23 4 5% • Smart Grid


• Energy efficient
product

61.02 0.55 1% • Rechargeable


batteries
• Solar power
system
50.715 7.2 14% • Electricity
Metering
• Utility Metering
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Copyright 2010 ITRI * Samsung established subsidiary Samsung SDI for Green Energy
我國相關產業切入市場的障礙

國內商機較遲且市場較小 國內廠家無法即時獲得實績
全球電表市場成長極為快速 切入市場時期為稍縱即逝
尚無自有整體解決方案 無法承接佈建工程主包
全球市場AMI系統繁多且規格未統一 無法鎖定產品規格
知名大廠皆已投入研發 利基技術與產品為何

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Copyright 2010 ITRI
我國相關產業之行動

•多家企業投入電子電表研製並開始展現成果
•數家通訊廠投入相關模組試製
•某IC設計廠正與國際大廠洽談合作
•國際MDMS廠與相關業者接觸
•進行中……

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Copyright 2010 ITRI
敬請指教

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Copyright 2010 ITRI

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