R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X Enjoys unparalleled reputation for best results in ferms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net HEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] Linear expansion of solids ‘Superficial Expansion of solids Cubical Expansion Applications of Thermal Expansion Apparent Exoansion of Liquids Real Expansion of Liquid Thermal Expansion of Solids Practical Effect of Temperature On Upthrust Determination of y, andy, ‘The Anomalous Expansion of Water Volume Coefficient of a Gas (a) Pressure Coeficient of a Gas (fi) The coefficient of linear expansion of the material ofa rod is defined as the change in length pe unit every solid expands om heating, more of less, length per unit change in temperature depending upon its nature, In one dimension only, if we see that a particular length inereases due to heat. This is| termed as Linear expansion. In two dimensions. a particular area increases to a new vale on heating, This phenomenon is termed as superficial expansion. When ‘we consider the whole volume, in three dimensions see that the volume increases on as the cubical expansion of the substance 41, Linear Expansion of Solids Consider a solid in the form of @ rod. Lt its bbe Ly at O"C. Let the rod be heated through "°C The SI unit of @ is K~!. It may even be written as °C, because the size of degree is same on celsius and absolute seales. Typical value for iron 000012" + Actually a does slightly depend on ‘temperature, but its variation is usually small enough to be negligible, even over a temperature range of 100°C. We will always assume that ar is constant (for a given material), Atsome higher temperature scale will expand and scale reading will be lesser than true values, so that true value ~ scale reading isa Note mngth Let its length increase to Z,.. Then, the linear (I+aar) difference, Here a7 is the temperature expansion is (L,—J,). It is observed that the linear expansion is proportional to original length Superficial Expansion of Solids 1, and the rise in temperature t Let S, be the surface area of a body at 0 Let S, be its surface area at °C Then $,—S,=S,Br Where B is called coefficient of superficial expansion of the body. The constant of proportionality @ is called 7 coefivient of near expansion of the mail of Ss(1+ 60) the rod. Its value depends upon the nature of material of the rod and temperature. Also, Ly Aste Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, , iA, Ph; 0651-2562523, 9835508612, 7546845049 NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES The valueot f° depends upon the nature of material and temperature SS, Sot The coefficient of superficial expansion of the material ofa body is defined as the change in surface area per unit surface area per unit change in temperature The SI unit of B is K-!.Atypical value of f for iron is 0.000024 K-! Also, B= Cubical Expansion Let_V, be the volume ofa body at 0°C. Let V, be its volume at °C Then ¥, of cubical expansion of the material. Its value depends upon the nature of material and temperature. V, =Vuyt Where 7 is called coefficient ‘The coefficient of cubical expansion of the material of a body is defined as the change in volume per unit volume per unit change in temperature, ‘The SI unit of 7 is K'. At typical value of 7 for iron is 0.000036 K RELATION BETWEEN THE THREE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION OF A BODY i P=2a andy =3a Bla [Formative Worksheet | —— 1, ‘The co-efficient of linear expansion of a matter is, 11% 10 °C-!, What will be the value of co- efficient of area expansion for this matter ? 1) 22«10%°C" 2) 11x108°C! 3) 65x104°C 4) 1sx104°C* The coefficient linear expansion of brass is 19 * 10 °C"! What will be the value of co-efficient of volume expansion of the brass ? 1) 1ss10* °C 2) 32«104°C" 3) ST*108°C 4) 45%10°°C* The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 % 10°C. What willbe the increase in length (or change in length) ofa copper wire 10m long when heated from 30°C 10 60°C ? 10.051 m 2)0.0051m3)1.5m 4)2.1m The coefficient of cubical expansion of a metal is 72% 108 °C". Then 1) the value of ‘a is 2.4 105°C"! 2) the value of B is 4.8*105°C 3) the value of. is 3.4x105°C # 4) the value of B is 2.810°°C A piece of steel has a length of 30 cm at 15°C. At 90°C its length increases by 0.027em. The coefficient of linear expansion of steel is 1) 10«10*°C* 2) «10°C 3) 210°C 4) 310°C AA brass rod has lengths of 100.00 cm and 100.36 cm at two different temperatures. The coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 18 * 10+ °C-'. The change in temperature will be 1) 200°C 2) 1006C 3) 150°C 4) 175°C ‘An iron tod has a length of 50,0 em at 12°C. At ‘what temperature will its length become 50.12 em 2 Coefficient of linear expansion of iron = 12 * 10° ns 12s*c 2) 80°C 3) 150°C 4)212"C ‘A container of capacity 700 mL is filled with two different liquids of volume 200 mL and 500 mL with respective volume expansivities as 1.4 » 10" 8°C and 2.1 « 10°/9C. During the heating of the vessel, it is observed that neither any liquid overflows nor any empty space is created. The ‘volume expansivity ofthe container is 19x 10C 21.9 10-C 3) 1.6 * 14°C 9)1.6 «104°C 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] [Conceptive Worksheet |H—— 1. Which of the following relation is correct ? ee DETUT -T) Lebag 23°72 4) y=30 Column-t Colurnn-Il 2 +B 3B a v5 214 ba- y= 3) B/2 af+Br+ar eee 4 330 ‘Aand B are made up of anisotropic medium. Both ‘Aaand B are of equal volume, Body B has cavity shown in the figure. Which of the following |" statement is true? 1) expansion in volume of A> expansion in B 2) expansion in volume of B > expansion in A 3) expansion in A= expansion in B 4) all of these Statement I > The S.1 unit of coefficient of linear expansion is K* ‘Statement IT: Increase in length of a rod on heating, is called linear expansion 1) Both Statements are true, Statement - IL is the correct explanation of Statement - 2) Both Statements are true, Statement - I is not correct explanation of Statement «I 3) Statement - I is true, Statement - Il is false. 4) Statement - 1 is false, Statement - I is true. 6 A thermometer has an ordinary glass bulb and thin glass tube filled with 1 mL of mercury. A temperature change of I°C changes the level of mercury in the thin tube by 3 mm (7p, =18%10°" Cay... =10°°C) 1) The inside radius of the thin glass is 1.26x10"m, 2) The inside diameter ofthe thin glass is 0.25 mm 3) The inside radius of the thin glass is 1.26*10°m 4) The inside diameter of the thin glass is 0.25 em Applications of Thermal Expansion Expansion of Bimetalic Strip: We know each substance has its own characteristic average coefficient of expansion. For example, when the temperature ofa brass rod and a steel rod of equal length are raised by the Same amount from common intial value, the brass has a greater average coefficient of expansion than steel Such type of bimetallic strip is found in practical devices such as “thermostats” to break (ot) make electrical contact. Steel | BSS 1 Brass At room temperature Steel | Brass High temperature Loss or Gain of Time of Pendulum Clock: The time period of a simple pendulum is given [rE by Ta 2a) STV Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES As temperature increases, the length of the Pendulum increases and hence time period gets Then pendulum clock becomes slow and it loses the time T_ it _ tat riya _al ° Ts" => Al=alae ... (2) T [t+ tax 1/2 From (1) & @), T= eM = (1 +080) But 6 ~ change in temperature. T ade) (9) Fa(ue ) ad) oo T7122) ) aver ten(1+ 8) 7 1 AT == Tae ie ‘Time lost in time ‘t” by a pendulum clock whose ‘actual time period is “T” and the changed time period aT T) Similarly, if the temperature decreases, the length of the pendulum decreases and hence time period gets decreases, In this case, the pendulum clock run fast and it gains the time. Te fo. [Eee anny oe) Vt at some higher temperature "Tis At =[ 1 (; 2 -taso = T= T{1-+0a0 2 ( 2 ] a T-T= 5 TaAo Time gained in (ar), (r) Percentage change in Length, Area and Volume: 1) Percentage change in Length: Fractional bel cchange in length Percentage change in length = @Atx100 Where 1,= Final length Initial eng © = Linear coefficient of expansion, At = Change in temperature Percentage change in Area: Percentage change #1100 = Batx100 Where a,~Final area a= Initial area B = Areal or Supericial coefficient of expansion Percentage change in Volume: Percentage change in volume = yt 100 Where sal volume vy, = Initial volume Volume (ot) Cubical coefficient of expansion, Percentage change in volume ~ 3» percentage change in lenath Percentage changes does not depend on original dimensions of the body Two metal rods of coefficient of linear expansions «i and a have same length at 0,°C and 6,5C respectively The common temperature at which they 2, have same length is @ = 1 Variation of Density with Temperatu Most of the substances expand when they are heated i., volume ofa given mass ofa substance increases on heating, so the density should 1 decreases because P= — 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] [Formative Worksheet J ——— We know P 1 (or) p= (fora given mass) 17 ya8 (1+ 700) => pl =p(1=140).{ (I+ x)" = =m) Where A8 is change in temperature. ‘Thermal Stress: ‘When force is applied on a solid, its length creases and this force applied is called deformation force Change in length and” Original length is called longitudinal strain If deformation force is removed the solid regains its length duc toa force called restoring force. This restoring force per unit area is called stress. ‘The ratio between stress and longitudinal strain is called Young’s modulus (Y), When 2 rod, whose ends are rigidly fixed such as to prevent from expansion (or) contraction, undergoes a change in temperature, thermal siresses are developed in the rod This is because, if the temperature is increased, the rod has a tendency to expand but the rod exerts a force on supports because itis fixed at the to ends So, thermal stress Themmal strain= 4! = a0 =(Y) (thermal strain) = yaae = ha or force on supports F = A(stress) ~ YAaA0 Here, Y= young’s modulus of elasticity ofthe rod = YAaso Note: You will havea detailed study of this concept in the chapter elasticity. 9 ‘A thin copper wire of length | increases in length by 1% when heated from 0°C to 100°C. If a thin copper plate of area 2 1 1 is heated from 0°C to 100°C. the percentage increase in the area would be 1) 1% 24% 3)3% 4) 2% ‘The coefficient of linear expansion of a crystal in ‘one direction is a, and that in every direction toitis a. The coefficient of cubical expansion is 1) 3a, 2) 3a, 3) @, +20, 4) 20, +a, ‘Two rods of lengths L, and L, are made of materials having coefficients of linear expansion a, anda, respectively. If(L, ~L,) is independent of temperature which of the following relations is correct ? 1) Lake = 2) LiL, = 04045 3) Lia, = La, 4) none of these A thin rod of negligible mass and area of cross- section 45<10°%m? , suspended vertically from one end, has a length of 0.5 m at 100,C. The rod is cooled to 0°C, but prevented from contracting by attaching a mass at the lower end. The energy stored in the rod is _ * 10"S. (For the rod, Y = 10" Nim? @ = 10°K' and g=l0 m/s") An equilateral triangle ABC is formed by joining three rods of equal length and D is the mid-point of AB, The coefficient of linear expansion for AB is rise in temperature y (nT ‘Yq can be measured by specific gravity bottle, weight thermometre or picnometer. Percentage apparent inctease in volume of the liguid= 7, (t, ~t,)100 +a is independent of unit of volume but depends ‘on scale of temperature, Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES Real Expansion of Liquids Expansion which does not depend upon the expansion of vessel is called real expansion, It depends on i) nature of liquid ji) temperature difference of the liquid it) initial Volume of the liquid Coefficient of Real Expansion It is defined as real increase in volume per °C rise oftemperature to its initial volume, real increase in_volume Original volume x rise in temperature Percent real inerease in volume of the liquid, (ts ~t,)<100 Note : Value of 7 is of the order of 10° /°C opis Value of 7, and vg in unit of /° F = 5 times its mumerical value in unit of °C The relation between Ya and y, Y 8 coefficient of cubical expansion of material of containing vessel. ¥_ coefficient of real expansion of the liquid +, Coefficient of apparent expansion of the liquid. Note a) If Ye > 7. the level of liquid will ist fall and then rise inthe vessel and y, will be positive b) Y < Ye, the level of liquid will fll in the vessel andy, will be negative. ©) If Y_ = tg, the level of liquid in the vessel will remain stationary and y, = 0 4) If y, = y, and Yq =0, the level of liquid will continuously rise in the vessel ©)If y, > 7, and Y¢ is negative, then the vessel ‘will contract and level of liquid will rise. Effect of Temperature on Upthrust ‘When a solid body completely immersed ina liquid its apparent weight gets decreased due to an upthrustaeting on it by the liquid. The apparent weight is given by, Wap = W-F, here F = upthrust = V,p,. volume of solid, p, density of liquid celetation due to gravity Now, asthe temperature is increased V, increases while py, decreases. So, F may increase ot decrease (or may remain constant also) depending upon the condition chat which dominates on the other, We can vite FoV,p, BL _Vil py! (tay), FV, Pt vy { VtrVATT 1] “oy, Lieyat 1+ y,AT T+ y,aT. Now if y,>7,,F!>F ot Warp < Wayp and vice-versa 1 TepaT i) If d, and dare the densities at 0°C and °C then d, = 4 (1+ 7t) d, unre (1 — 1t) (approximate d-d, formula) then Ys = ogee 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] ii) The temperature at which density of aliquid is n less than O°C is 7799 —y iii) The temperature at which density ofa liquid is 100-n 1% oF the density at 0°C is iv) The temperature at which density of liquid th ofits density at 0°C is — v) Correct height of barometer is HW =Hil-(y, ~ at} H is reading on scale, , is coefficient of real expansion of the liquid, a. is coefficient of linear ‘expansion of the scale material and is change in temperature, Determination of y, and ¥; Using specific gravity bottle method Weight of liquid expelled weight of remaining liquid rise in temperature * (W- We -t) W, is weight ofthe empty specie gravity botle Wi is weight ofspecitic gravity bot filled with water at £,'C 1, is weight of specific gravity bottle with remaining liquid at t,°C. rmass_of liquid expelled _ ‘mass of remaining liquidrise in temperature 1) In specific gravity bottle method, if the mass of L liquid expelled is equal to = of remaining. I If mass expelled is — of the initial mass Sp. sq of the initial ye 1 ace 2) Ifthe same liquid is heated in two vessels x and y then Ye = Yan +30, + Yay +30, (61) tax “Yay =3l04 04) Here y,,. Yay denote coefficients of apparent ‘expansion in x and y a, and ©, ate coefficient of linear expat The Anomalous Expansion of Water Though most materials expand when heated, the behaviour of water at temperatures between 0 and 4°C isan important exception. The figure shows the volume occupied by 1g of water as a function of temperature. The volume is minimum and therefore the density is maximum at 4°C. Thus ‘when water is heated at temperatures below 4°C it contracts rather than expands. This property has important consequences for the ecology of lakes. ‘At temperatures above 4°C, as the water in a lake cools, it becomes densar and sinks to the bottom of the lake. But at temperature below 4°C the cooler water is less dense and rises to the surface ice therefore forms first on the surface of a lake and, being less dense than water, remains there and acts as a thermal insulator for the water below. Ifthe density of water were maximum of 0°C rather than at 4°C, lakes would freeze from the bottom ‘up and would be much more likely to be completely frozen in the winter, killing the fish and other aquatic life fem’) 1.0003 3.0002 1.0001 1.0000" Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 1) water has negative volume coefficient between 273K and 277K or between 0°C and 4°C 2) Dilatometer is used fo study the anomalous expansion of water, 3) Density of water at 4°C is 1000 Kg /m? I Formative Worksheet [| — A glass tube of uniform cross section and length |, is to be filled with mercury. So that volume of tube occupied by mercury remains same at all temperatures, If Y__ and 7, ate coefficients of cubical expansion of glass and mercury, find the length of mereury column? A specific gravity battle contains M grams of liquid of coefficient of apparent expansion y, at 0°e. When it is heated to TC, if m grams of liquid ll = expels out r= Ley,t vt 4) Tey A vertical column of liquid b, long at 0°C balances another column of same liquid at °C. If y is the absolute expansion of that liquid, height of the second liquid column is h 1) h, (1-y) iw hy 3) by (1+yt) on The coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 10 *10-%C and the coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 18 *10-/°C then the coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury with respect to the lass is x10 8. ‘When a liquidina glass vessels heated, its apparent expansion is 10.30%10-/"C, When the same liquid is heated in a metal vessel, its apparent expansion is 10.06 « 10°C. The coefficient of linear expansion of glass = 9 10-/°C. Then the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 151 x 10%C 2)43 «10°C 3)25« 108"C 4917 104°C The apparent coefficient of cubical expansion of a liquid is 9.3 *10-%°C and the coefficient of linear expansion of the container is 1.8 «10°C. Then 1) coefficient of cubical expansion of the container is 5.4x10° /°C 2) an approximate value for the real coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid is 9.84x10" /°C 3) coefficient of cubical expansion of the container is 7.4x10° /°C 4) an approximate value forthe real coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid is 12.8410" /*C When specific gravity bot is heated fom ” x” grams of liquid is expelled and “ny grams of liquid is remained the coefficient of apparent expansion is x x Dime —1) 2 nn) m m Dn +n) ONG) ‘The coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid ‘when determined using two different vessels A and Bare y,,y, respectively. Ifthe coefficient of linear expansion of the vessels A is a. the coeflicient of linear expansion of the vessel B is 3a, A glass vessels just holds 50 g of toluence at 0°C ‘The coefficient of absolute expansion of glass is 8 10°C 1) The coefficient of apparent expansion of liquid is 1.076x109/°C 106 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.; 0851-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] 2) the mass of toluence will it hold at 80°C if between 0°C and 80°C is 46 g 3) The coefficient of apparent expansion of liquid is 2.076x10° °C 4) the mass of toluence will it hold at 80°C if between 0°C and 80°C is 76 g Formula for co-efficient of apparent expansion of liguid in specific gravity bottle method is __massof liquidexpelled )) elev of remaining liquid sein temperature _weightof liquidexpelled 2) ‘weight of remaining liquid risein temperature weightofliquidexpelled 3) Weightof remaining liquid — risein eemperature weight of remaining liquid xrisein temperature ‘weightof liquidexpelled The apparent coefficient of expansion of a liquid, when heated in a copper vessel is °C’ and when heated in a silver vessel is ‘S’. If “A’ is the linear coefficient of expansion of copper, then the linear, coefficient of expansion of silver is 3 yy) S#8A-€ >’ A lass vessel of volume 10Qem is filled with mercury and is heated from 25°C to 75°C Coefficient of linear expansion of glass-1,8%10- /°C and coeficien of volume expansion of mercury is 1.810 /°C.What volumeofmercury willoverfowis x10 When a lock of ion floats in mercury at 0°C, a fraction K, of ts volume is sub-merged, while at the temperature 60°C, a fraction K,, is seen to be submerged. Ifthe coefficient of volume expansion of irom is yp, and that of mercury of Yj, then the K, ratio jg, cam be expressed as ‘A weight thermometer contains $1 gm of mercury at 0°C. When placed in an oil bath 1.0 gm is found to overflow. Find the temperature of oil bath. Coefficient of cubical expansion of mercury and glass are 0.00018/°C and 0,000026°C respectively 1) 120.87°C 2)229,879C 3)149.87°C 4) 189.87°C [Conceptive Worksheet | 16. Ifthe coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid th of coefficient of absolute expansion, then coefficient of cubical expansion of vessel is _ times coefficients of real expansion of liquid vt ne ag 15 6 95 Colum Column-tt 8) 7, is +veand < 7,1) Liquid level does not change 0) 7, is-ve 2)Liquid level increases continuously 4%, 3) Liquid level decreases Or>% 4) Liquid level fst, ecreases and then increases 5) None When a liquid in a vessel is heated, its level continuous rises, then 1) y, is +ve& ¥, =0 2) 7, is He kT, is -ve 3%. = Te Y= 13 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES ‘The coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 0.18 * 10°C, ifthe density of meteury at 0°C, is 13.6 glee, its density at 473°K will be 1) 13.11 gee 2) 13.65 pee 3) 1351 glee 4) 13.22 gee If on heating a liquid through 80°C, the mass expelled is 1/100 of the mass still remaining the coeflicient of apparent expansion of the liquid is © 10-4 ‘A pykanometer weighs 40 g when empty and 1040 when filled with mercury at 0°C. On heating to 1OV°C, 10 g of meroury overflows. Ifthe coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 0,0002°C, then the coeiicent of expansion of glass is 1)0.00001°C 2)0.0003°C 3)0,0002/°C. 4)0.0001°C In specific gravity bottle method, if the mass of L liquid expeted is equal to = of remaining, then co-efficients of apparent expansion is 1 4 Dip-ie-t) 7? nly) ——_i __ 9 (n2\(G-t) Ifthe coefficient of real expansion of liquid is equal to the cubical coefficient of the container. Then the coefficient of apparent expansion of the liquid is 1) zero 2) +ve 3) ve 4) infinity Column] Column-I1 1a) Apparent expansion depends on 1) nature of vessel and liquid only b) Real expansion depends on 2) nature of liquid only ) Coefficient of apparent expansion 3) nature of vessel, liquid and depends on rise of temperature only 4) Coefficient of Real expansion depends oa 4) nature of liquid and rise of temperature only 5) rise of temperature ony glass flask of volume 200 cm is completely filled with mercury at 20°C. The amount of mercury that is spilled over when the Mask is heated 10 80°C is - _ «10? em* (coefficient of volume expansion for glass is 27 « 10 /°C and that for mercury is 0.18 * 10-7°C) ‘The volume of a bulb of mercury thermometer at O°CisV, and cross sectional area is A, and at, is the coefficient of linear expansion ofthe glass and Ym is the coefficient of cubical expansion of ‘mercury. Ifthe mercury fils the bulb of 0°C. What is the length of mercury of capillary at °C Votlte 34) Noll Datezat] 2 420 n= 3at,) DV, [1+2e,t] Acone litre flask contains some mercury ts found that at different temperatures the volume of air inside the flask remains the same, Gives coefficient of linear expansion of glass = 9 * 10° degree. Coefficient of volume expansion of Hg = 1.8 *10- * per degree.The volume of mercury in flask is es EXPANSION OF GASES Gases have neither shape nor particular volume. A gas contained in a vessel occupies the entire volume of the vessel. When gases are heated they expand much more than liquids, so that the expansion of the vessel becomes negligible and we need not consider apparent and real expansion of volume. Gases are highly expansible and also highly compressible, Heating of a gas gives rise to two expansions (i) volume expansion and (ii) pressure expansion. These two expansions can be demonstrated by the following expetiments, (i) When an open vessel containing air is heated some of the gas flows out of the vessel, since the volume of the air increases. This demonstrates the volume ‘expansion at constant atmospheric pressure. (ii) When a glass bulb containing air is heated the pressure of the air ‘side the bulb increases at constant volume, neglecting 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] the expansion of the bulb. On heating further toa high temperature the bulb may explode duc to large increase in pressure which indicates the pressure expansion of @ So, we have to define two coefficients for a gas: (i) volume coefficient of a gas (ii) pressure coefficient of a gas. 10. Volume Coefficient of aGas(a) Volume coctficient of a gas is defined as the increase in volume per unit original volume at 0% per degree Celsius rise in temperature, keeping pressure constant. IF V, and V, are the volumes of given mass of a gasat 0°C and °C respectively at constant pressure, we have VV =V, = Vat Vat M7 Ve = oot IFV, and V. are the volumes of a given mass of a gas at £,°C and 1,°C respectively at constant pressure, then V = V, (I+at,) and V. at,) On cross multiplication V,(14at,)= Vil at.) V, +Vyat, =V, - Vat, v,-Y, Vit Vit, Pressure Coefficient of a Gas (8) Pressure coefficient of a gas is defined as the increase in pressure per unit original pressure at °C per degree Celsius rise in temperature. keeping volume constant IPP, and Pare the pressurs of a given mass of a gas at 0°C and °C respectively at constant volume, Wwe get Boh P, = Po(1+ Bt) IfP, and P, are the pressure of a given mass of a gas t,°C and t,°C respectively at constant pressure, then P, =P,(1+Bt,) and P, =P, (1+Bt,) P, _1+6t, P, 1+Bt, Oncross multiplication, P,(1+Bt,) =P, (1+Bt,) P+ P,Bt, =P, + PBL Relationship between a and Suppose a fixed mass ofa gas has volume V, and pressure P, at 0°C. When it is heated to a temperature tC at constant pressure its volume becomes V, which is given by v,-¥, (1+at) where or is the volume coefficient of the gas. The pressure of the gas 1°C is P,= P, since the pressure is constant. The product of pressure and volume at eC is PV, = P,y, (1+ at) Similarly, keeping the volume constant at V, ithe temperature of the gas is increased ftom 0°C to PC, the pressure changes from P° to P, so that = (1+ Bt) where Ps the pressure coefficient ofthe gas. The volume ofthe gas at °C isV,=V, since the volume is constant, The product of pressure and volume at °C is then given by PAV, = Po (1+ Bt) Vo PY, =P,Vo(1+ it) From equations and ___we get P,Vo (1 + at) = P,Vo (1+ Bt) l+at=1+pt Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES ot=Bt a=B Hence, volume coefficient of a gas is equal to the pressure coefficient of the gas. [Formative Worksheet 30, The pressure of a gas at 0°C is 50 em Hg. At constant volume, when it is heated 10 80°C, its pressure is 64 em Hg, Then pressure coefficient of the gas is 1)0.0035°C 2)0.0175°C 3)0.0070%C 4)1.0036"C ‘At constant volume, when a gas is heated from °C, for every 1°C rise in temperature, its pressure increases by 1/3% then, pressure coefficient of el is deare = 2 aire 300 ee 4) None a 3 1000 A given amount of gus occupies 1000ce at 27° C and 1200cc and 87° c. What is its volume coefficient of expansion 1 Los 37g 173" snc" 4278 ‘A given amount of gas occupies 10000cc at 127° and 12000ce and 187 e. What is its volume coefficient of expansion i » 2 Dayar 2 773°C aise 4273! When the bulb of « constant volume hydrogen thermometer is placed in melting ice, the pressure recorded s 83 em Figand when immersed in boiling water, itis 113 cm Hig. When the bulb is placed in ‘nother boiling liquid, the pressure recorded is 143 cmH, Then boiling point ofthe liquid is 1y4oorc 2) 360°C 3)240%C 4) 200% A constant volume gas thermometer shows pressure reading of $0cm of mereury and 90 em of mercury at 0°C and 100°C respectively when the pressure reading is 60 em of mercury, the temperature is 12sec 240°C 3)15C 4)12C [Conceptive Worksheet | 28 Choose the wrong relation for volume coefficient. ae De VerVa, oo. DEN HV Cohume-t Colum 4) an ideal gas pressure co-efficient Ic ») an ideal gas volume co-efficient 2K ©) real gas 3) MLTK" 4) ideal gas 4) the molecules are finite sized 5) the molecules are point sized Volume of a gas at O°C is 300 cc. Keeping the pressu e constant, ifthe gas is heated to 100°C, its 1 ing 300°? Volum: is___¢e (volume coefficient Statement 1: Pressure coefficient and volume coefficient of a gas are equal Starement Il: Pressure coefficient of a gas can be determined using Jolly’s bulb apparatlus where as ‘volume coefficient of gas can be determined using Regnault’s apparatus, 1) Both Statements are true, Statement - Il is the correct explanation of Statement - I. 2) Both Statements are true, Statement - Il is not correct explanation of Statement - 3) Statement - I is true, Statement - IL is fase. 4) Statement - Lis false, Statement - I is true Identify the correct statement from the following. 1) the pressure coefficient and volume coefficient of any gas are equal 2) for all gases the pressure coefficient is same 3) for all gases the volume coefficient is same 4) forall gases the volume coefficient is different 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] Consider the following statements and identify the correct answer, 1) volume coefficient and pressure coefficient of 2 gas are equal 2) the density of a given mass of a gas at constant pressure is inversely proportional ofits absolute lemperature, 3) volume coefficient and pressure coefficient of a gas are different, 4) the density ofa given mass of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional of is absolute temperature Statement I : Gas thermometers are more sensitive than liquid thermometers since the expansion of ‘gases is more than expansion of liquids. Statement II: Ifa gas is heated at constant pressure from 0°C, for every 1°C rise in its temperature, is volume increases by 0.36% of its volume at 0°C 1) Both Statements are true, Statement - II is the correct explanation of Statement « 2) Both Statements are true, Statement - Il is not correct explanation of Statement - 3) Statement - [is true, Statement - Il is false. 4) Statement - Ls false, Statement ~ I is true [Summative Worksheet The fundamental interval of 2 thermomainy Ais arbitrarily divided into 60 cqual parts and Uist another thermometer into 120 equal paris, if the freezing point of A is marked 60” and that of B marked (°; what is temperature of A when it is 100° of B? TThe length of metal rod at 20°C is Im. When the temperature is increased to 50°C the expansion is 1mm, But toreduce it by Lim to what temperature i should be cooled? ‘The length of each rail is 10m while constructing the track. If the temperature in summer may increase by 15°C, Find the gap that should be left between two successive rails (Take a = 1210 °C) On heating a block its volume increases by 0.30% for a rise of 100°C in its temperature. Find the coefficient of areal expansion of that metal? ‘A metal plate has a hole of diameter cm. When it is heated through 20°C diameter of the hole increases by 0.6mm. If o. = 20*10C, then find the temperature to which the plate is heated? A grid iron pendulum is made of iron rods and 4 bbrass rods. Ifthe length of each brass rod is SOcm, then find the length of each iron rod? (a. or iron = 1210 °C, a of brass = 18*10-C) ‘Two rods, one hollow and the other solid, made of the same material have the same length of 2dem and radius of 2em. When their temperature is increased through the same amount of 50°C, their ‘expansion ratio F, : E, will be _ FFind the length of the brass of eylinder at 0°C 50 that the difference in lengths of brass and izon cylinders is 10cm at all © pense (I= 12*10°°C ,a.g= 20°10 °C) A steel tape gives correct reading at 20°C. It measures the length of a wooden log at 30°C as 10cm. Find the error in the measurement? (0. = 12x10-%*C Hint: Error is equal to expansion), The densities of two substances are in the ratio, 5:6 and their specific heats are in the ratio 3 : 5. Find the ratio of their thermal capacities per unit volume? ‘Two rods, one of aluminum and the other made of steel, having intial length and ¢ , are connected together to form a single rod of length » ,+ ¢,. The coefficients of linear expansion for aluminum and steel are a, and a, respectively, Ifthe length of each rod increases by the same amount when their temperature are raised by tC, then find the ratio Mere) A wire when heated from 20°C to 70°C the length increased is 1x10m, The wire made up by same ‘material 4 times the length when heated from 20°C 0 95°C the increase in length in meters is ‘The diameter of a rod is lem. Aring has its diameter 0.000 1cm smaller than that of the rod. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the material is 25410-%*C, then find temperature of the rod which should be increased to this value so as to just slip the ring on the rod? The brass scale of a barometer gives correct reading at 0°C. Coefficient of linear expansion of Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES brass is 2*10-/C. If the barometer reads 80cm at 27°C, then find the atmospheric pressure at that temperature? A steel rod is found to be 1m long at OC, when ‘measured by a brass scale which is correct at OPC Then find the length of steel rod as measured by the brass scale when both are at 100°C ? (a of steel = 1.1X10%AC, a. of brass = 1.9*10/C) AA clock which keeps correct time at 20°C has @ pendulum rod made of brass. How many seconds will it gain or lose per day when the temperature falls to 0°C2 (arg = 18104C). Armetallic solid sphere is rotating about is diameter as axis of rotation. Ifthe temperature is increased by 200C, the percentage increased in its moment of inertia is ( coefficient of linear expansion of the metal = 10°C ) 1.0.1 202 3.03 4.04 A thin brass sheet at 10°C and thin steel sheet at 20°C have the same surface area. The common temperature at which both would have the same atea (coefficient of linear expansion for brass and steel are respectively 19 « 10*C and 11 104°C) L3.75°C 2.-279C 3.275°C 4.3.75'C Two marks on a glass rod, 10 cm apart, are found to increase their distance by 0.08 mm, winen the rod is heated from 0°C to 100'C. A flask made of the same glass as that of rod measures a volume 1000 c.. at °C. The volume, it measures at 10U'C inCCis 1)1002.4 2)10042 —3)1006.4 4) 1008.2 ‘A metallic wire with tension T and at temperature 30°C vibrates wit hits fundamental frequency of Ikilz, The same wire with the same tension but at 10°C temperature vibrates with a fundamental frequency of 1.001 kHz. ‘The coeiicient of linear expansion of the wire is 1)2* 104 2)15* 104"C 3) 1x 104"C 4)03 x 104%C ‘A steel meter seale isto be ruled so that millimeter intervals are accurate within about 5 X 10° mmat certain temperature, The maximum temperature variation allowable durin the ruling is (Coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 10 « 10K") yw SKC NTE 4 10 When the temperature of a body increases form t OL A4, its moment of inertia increases from | to 1+A1. The coefficient of linear expansion of the body is @. Theratio A IMis Ave 22AM 3aAt 42a At Ifa cylinder of diameter 1.Oem at 30°C isto be slid intoa hole of diameter 0,9997 cm ina steel plateat the same temperature, the minimum required rise in the temperature of the plate is: (Coefficient of lincar expansion of steel=12x10"C) 12sec -2)38C—3)45C 4) SIC Two metal rods A and B are having their initial lengths in the ratio 2:3 and coefficients of linear expansion inthe ratio 3:4. When they are heated through the same temperature difference, the ratio of ther linear expansion is D2 2233344) 4 The length of a metal rod at °C is 0.5m. When it is heated, its length increases by 2.7mm, The final temperature of rod is (coef. of linear expansion of metal = 90x10°/°C) awe 23 HAC 4) 40C Density of substance at O°C is 10 gmice and at 100°C its density is 9.7 gmice. The coeicient of linear sxpansion of the substance is" C 1) 10 2)3* 108 3)19." «10° 410° steel bridge ina town is 200m long. ‘The minimum temperature in winter in the town is 10°C and the mum in summer is 40°C. The change in length of the bridge from winter to summer is 1x10°*C) 2) 66cm 3)66m — 4)3.3m A clock with an iron pendulum keeps correet time at 15°C. If the room temperature rises to 20°C, the error in seconds per day willbe (coefficient of linear expansion fr iron is 0.000012/"C) 1) 2.$se 2) 2.6see 3) 24se¢ 4) 2.2se0 The variation of density of a soli with temperature is given by the formula 4 ) a= Ie 7t,~4) 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] 30. The coefficient of volume expansion is 1) twice the coefficient of linear expansion. 2) Twice the coefficient of real expansion, 3) Thrice the coefficient of real -xpansion. 4) Thrice the coefficient of linecr expansion JHots Worksheet ff — I. The coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel are q%, and a, If we take a brass rod of length 1, and steel rod of length L, at °C theit difference in length (I,-,). Wil remain the same at all temperatures if Dae percentage increase occurs in 1) Density 2) Surface area 3) Radius 4) Volume ‘The balance wheel of a watch is made of 1) Brass 2) inva 3) Steel 4) Platioum ‘When a copper balls heated the largest pote=niage increase will occur in its 1) Diameter 2) Area 3) Volume 4) Density Upon heating, the length of the side of a cube changes by 2% the volume of the cube changes by 11% —2)6% 390.5% 4) 44% A2 meter long aluminum pipe at 27°C is heated units 2.0024 at 77°C. The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 1) 12 10°C 2)24* 10°C 3)6 1048C 4) None There is a circular hole in a metal plate, what happens to the radius of the hole, when the plate is heated? 1) Increases 2) Decreases 3) Unchanged 4) depends upon metal The length of each steel rail is 10m in winter. The coefficient of near expansion of steel is 0.000012 %C and the temperature increases by 15°C in summer, The gap to be left between the rails 1)0.0018m 2)0.0012m 3)0.0022m 4)0.05 °, At O°C, a square steel bar of I em side, is rigidly clamped at both ends so that its length cannot Increase. Young's modulus of stel is 20 x 10" ‘Nm? and its coefficient of linear expansion is 11x 10°C. When the temperature is raised 10 10°C, the force exerted on the clamp is 1)1100N 2)2200N 3)3300N-4)4400N Arnetal rod having linear coefficient ofexpansion 2* 10°C has a length Im at 25°C, the temperature at which it is shortened by I mm is 150°C _-2)-S0"C_—3)-25" 4) -12.5C If the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 0.000009, the coefficient of cubical expansion of glass is 1)0.0000027 2)0,000027 3)0.00027 4)0,000018 The relation between the coefficient of real expansion (7,) and coefficient of apparent expantion (7, ) of liquid and the coefficient linear expantion (c,) of the material of the con DY, =4,*%. 27,24, +37, 3) 7,=30, +74 4) 7,=3(a, +76) ‘The coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid when determined using two different vessels A and Bare g, and g, respectively. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the vessel Ais a, the coefficient of linear expansion of the vessel B is ars nth oer tte ‘The densities of a liquid at °C and 100°C are respectively 1.0127and I. Aspecific gravity bottle is filled with 300gm of the liquid at 0°C up to the brim and itis heated to 100°C. Then the mass of the liquid expelled in grams is [Coefficient of linear 7 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES LOC the densities ofa cork and a liquid in which the cork floats are d, and d, respectively. The coefficient of expansion forthe material ofthe cork and the liquid are g and 100 g respectively. Uf the cork sinks when the temperature of the liquid is eh a FC" then the ratio Gis 141004 len "Tee T1007 100+ Lent ae T0047 A specific gravity bottle is filled upto the brim with mercury of 400g, at 0°C. When heated to 99°C the mass of the mercury that over flows from the specific gravity bottle is : (Coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury in glass is. = 55/°C) 1) 546g 2)6.54g 3) 10.922 4) 13.989 When a liquid ina glass vessel is heated, its apparent expansion is 10.30 * 10°C, Same liquid whe heated ina metallic vessel, its apparent expansion is 10.06 * 10*/° C. The coefficient of Frear expansion of metal is (a,,,.= 9 * 10°C) 1) st 104°C 2)43 «109°C 3) 2588C 4) 17 10%C A glass flask of volume 20cm is completely filled with mercury at 20°C. The amount of mercury that spit over when the flask is heated to 80"C (Coefficient of volume expansion of glass is 27 10°C, g mercury 0.18 » 10°"C) 1) 2.L6cm? 2) 0.032em' 3) 1.84em" 4) 2.400m ‘The coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 18x10°C, ‘The thermometer bulb has a volume of 104m and the cross section ofthe stem is (.002 sg.om. Assuming thatthe bulb is filed with mereury at 0°, the length ofthe mereury column ay 106°C will be 1) 9m 2)18cm 3)9mm 4) 18m Coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 0.18% 10°C. If the density of mercury at 6" is 13.6 gmice its density at 473K will be 1) 13.11 gméee. 2) 13.6Sgmiec. 3. 13.51 gmc. 4) 13.22 amc. A glass bottle weights SOgm and 1060gm when filled witha tiquid. When it at 100°C, 10gm of the liquid overflows. If g, = 2x10*/C-the co-efficient of linear expansion of the container is tao 2) 3x104/°C 3) 6x104/°C 4) 1x04 /°C ‘When a liquid taken in along cylindrical vessel of ‘material with linear coefficient of expansion a is hneated, the level of liquid did not change. The ‘volume coefficient of expansion of liquid is a Dy 230 3)a Na The apparent coefficient of expansion of liquid when heated in a copper vessel is C and when heated in a silver vessel is S. If A is the linear coefficient of expansion of silver is ‘A vertical column of liguid 50 em long at 50°C another column of same liquid 60em long The coefiicient of absolute expansion of the liquid is 1S «10°C 2)5 = 10°C 3)2* 10 4) 10°C A glass bulb of vohime 250 c.c. is filled with ‘mercury at 20°C and the temperature is raised to 100°C Ifthe coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 9 10°C then coefficient of absolute expansion 1) 3.06 c.© 2)2.94 ee. 3) 6.12 ce, 4) None Density of mercury at 0°C is 13.6 cmme.c, and real sof mereury at 200°C is 13.6 gm’c.c. and expansion of mercury is 1.8 * 104°C. The density of mercury at 200°C is 1) 13.65emv'c0 2) 13.1 gmvice 3) 13.SIgm’ce 4) 13.22@m/ce The density of liquid when heated 1) Deceases: 2) increases 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] 3) Does not change 4) May Increase or decrease depsnding on the pressure. The tyre of a motor car contains air at 158C ifthe temperature increases to 35°C, the approximate percentage increase in pressi're is (ignore the expansion of tyre) 07 a9 an 43 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES HEAT WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS FORMATIVE WORKSHEET} oO a=11*10*°C', B=? By formula, we know that = 2a = P=2x11x10* °C = B=22x10% °C" ) a= 19108 Cy =? By formula, ¥ = 3a. ¥=3% 19x 104°C! = 57% 1048C" 2 a=17x10" °C? Increase in length = L, ~L, =? Original length, L, = 16m, Rise in temperature T, —T, = 60° ~ 30° = 30°C = 30K. Now from relation & = 7 L,-L, 10 =(30) SL, -L, =17 «10% x10 x30 =0.0051m a2) Given, ¥ = 7.2 x 10% °C! (coefficient of linear expansion =17«10° a= ay <2 x 72x10 = 2.4 «105 9C 33 (ii) coefficient of superficial expansion *72x10% = 4.8x105 °C! cm, T= 15°C, T, = 90°C p= 0.027 em” * 12x 10°C" 0) L, = 100m, ~L, = 100.36 ~ 100 = 0:36 cm a = 1b x 108°C . 50.0 50.0 «12x 10" T,=T, +200 = 12+200= 212°C ay The increase in volumes of the two liquids due to 4n increase in temperature aT will be AV=VnaT and AV, =Vy7,8T Total volume expansion AY, +N “(Vays Wr )OT ‘The average increase in volume per unit volume per degree rise in temperature will be AV, +aVy, Wewjat = 200°C Vint Van WV, voli) But, since the cubical expansion of the two liquids compensates that of the container, y for the ‘container will be given by Eq, (i). 200% 1.410 + 500% 2.1107 x 200+50 9x10 /°C ® tat(1e 55) yy ( 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] 7 =m 100 s “100 or AS=Sx @) As y=30,, therefore, in the present case, y=, +0, +0, =0,+2a, G) AL, =L,(+a,7)=L,+La,7 AL, =L,(+@,T)=L, +La,T As al, L+ Lair or L,-L,=(L,e,-La,)T As (L, -L,) is independent of temperature, therefore, La -Lja, = 0 or Lo, 2+L,a,T 2iJscos= 12 +1) +12 differentiate above eqn for temperature increase AT aL, =L,0,4T and vice versa and put L, =L, =1, @ Here volume expansion of glass=volume expan- sion of mercury ie, Vy At= Viet Alyy, = Alig (A is the area of eross section) 17, Mass expelled Mass remaining xchange in temperature > ,Mt-y,mt=m or m(1+y,t)=yMt Here pressures at the bottom of each liquid col- uma isthe same, 1° is atmosphere pressure and do, d are densities at 0? and ¢°¢ Po+h,dje=P~hdg = hyde =hde hydy =hd where d, =d(1+ 1) Then hyd(I+ yt) =bd h=h, (1+ 7) 1ox10*C* 1010" = 30% 10°C! = 310°C 18x10 =3x10" =15x 10°C @ Y= Tapp + Yoewt = Yagi +7, =, (inmetal) + y,, 0.3010" + 39x10 =10,06%10" +, =17x10* /°C =S1x10*; Tm 4 2) Cefticient of cubical expansion of the container, g=3a=3x1,810 =5.4x10" /°e Real expansion = Apparent expansion of liquid + Expansion of container yaad g=93x10" +5.4x10% =9.84x104 /°C a ) yen +3e Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES (12) ‘The coefficient of apparent expansion of liqui y-g=7~3a=1110 ~3 8% 10" =1.076x10 - ‘mass expelled (Mass left) (Temperature rise) © _ 50-0, eat eat 50 50 — 0 ag, 1,076« 10" x80, ba 1, + ,3f0r copper vessel y C+3A and for silver vessel y, = S+3x C+3A=S +3x [since y, is constant] Where x is the coefficient of linear expansion of silver C+3A-8 3 ‘The volume of mereury at 25°C is V, Hence Coefficient of volume expansion of mercury yah 8x104 PC ‘The coefficient of volume expansion of glass 4 =3x18XIO" 2 C 54x10° °C Thus, the volume of mercury at 75°C is Vig =Vo(1+ 7,40) ‘The volume of the vessel at 75°C is Va =V (1+ 7540) ‘The volume of mercury overflow = Veo — Non = Val Ve Ve) 48 =(1000m' (1.810 ~5.4x10-*) "exsore =0.87em* Note that 7, =(7, ~%) acts asthe effective e0- efficient of expansion of the liquid wiht respect to the solid. The expansion of mercury as seen from the glass can be written as Ve-Vo=Vor.8 Vy = Vo (147.9) ‘The constant y, is called the apparent coeffi= cient of expansion of the liquid with respect to the solid, a) Let V, be the total volume of the block of iron at °C and Vis initial volume at 60°C. Then V=V,[1+6074.]= V/V, =[1+60/,.] K, =f 607¢]>(0) Let V, be the volume ofthe block submerged in Toe a °C and v the volume submerged at oo Then V=¥s[1460%46 ]>~=[14 6075] Ky Dividing equation (1) and (2) > a Mort = mm, mt, (Given that my= 31 gm, 1m, = m,— overflowing mass "Ssici=s0 em, 00018/°C andy, =0.000026/°C Ya =, -Y_ = 0.00018 0.000026 =0.000154/C 51-50 1 =z =129.87°C. 50x 0.000154 0.0077 Temperature of bath = 129.87°C. a =0.0035°C 50x(80-0) Px100 300 1200-1000 _ 1, Vat; ~ 87000-32400 273 106 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] =50/1+ xt |st=25°c 125 CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEET 1 From dfiniton, «= Ey 12.34 a4 b-3;¢~ 13-2 Increase in surface area ofa sheet on heating is called superficial expansion. Increase in volume of a body on heating is called cubical expansion. 3 2 ‘The $.1 unit of coefficient of linear expansion is K 12 2 AS aly >a1g. therefore strip B will appear on outer side, 24 #3 b-45 e452 4 V,=500m, — V,-V,=2 mil Tt, =206- dee= Wc V.-¥ Now TV (R= 1) 2 *500%10 = 4x 104°C! 3 W004 °C! 2 1 4 AT,,, (in three months March+April+May=92 days) gs a dg ec 2019286100 canto Ne86i00 N=184 days (from Ist June). TeyAt_ 1+0.18x10" x(473—273) =13.127g/ em? 125 mass expelled (mass remaining)( temperature difference) m/100 ‘mx 80 125x104 /°C 10 (ios 40-10) «100 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NETR. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 1, 24, -Y=2x104-1.01x10% 10,000099 /°C Given that . 80, y,=%_-¥=0 ab Aet d2 11-1, = 18010-2710 m=y,(M=m)At, whete M=200ccand\v isthe mass spilled Since m is proportional to volume, v=, (V—v)at=153%10" (200-v)(80-20) where v is the volume of mereury expelled. Solving for, we find v= 184 em! 53x10 ‘Volume of the mercury at t°C = volume of mercury at 0°C x coefficient of apparent expan- sion * difference in temperature But V, =/*A,and A, =A,[1+2a,¢] ta,[1+24,¢]¥, =[7,-34,] Vo[tn—3a]t Length of the mereury, '° "AT aa,e) 150 Here the yolume of mercury in the flask remains the same. This is only possible when the expansion of flask is exactly the same as the expansion of ‘mercury in the flask Let x be the volume of mercury in the flask. Here ‘volume of fas litre = 1000 em Coefficient of eubical expansion of Yy=34=3x9%10" =2710%°C™ Expansion of flask Expansion of mercury VityT =X v2 21000 27*10 = 500m" 8x10" 34 1,2,3;b-1,2,3;e-4;d-5 ve, [I+a(t,-1)] = V=300 1+ x (100-0) 300 SUMMATIVE WORKSHEET os We know that, A= LowerFixed Point Upper Fixed Point= LrFixedPt. ~ B-LowerFixed Point Upper Fixed Point Lr Fixed Pt. Here, Upper fixed point of A = 60+ 60 = 120° Lower fixed point of A= 60° Upper fixed point of B = 120° and Lower fixed point of B= 0° A~60 _ 100-0 120-60 120-0 A-60 60 Expansion produced in the first ease = contraction takes place in the second case “loll 10° = (50-20) T(t, 30) 30 = t,=20-3 = 6, eU(t4,)= 10121015) =0.0018m Vi-¥___ 030 V(t) 100(I00) =9-3*10""C A= 60+50= 110% 2403510" _ 9 2.1040 = 0.16x10" 4, = D1EM10 5 20= 100+ 20 {> Bataxioe “707 10020 120°C We know that, m0, = Myly 9 SKEI2K10% = 4xSOXIBKIO® pf, = 45018104 Sx12x10* OO 106 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi: Ph.; 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049 NEWTONCLASSES.NETHEAT [PHYSICS FOUNDATION SERIES CLASS - X] Expansion depends upon nature of the material, initial dimensions and raise of temperature, As all these three quantities are same, both will expand ‘equally, Hence the expansion ratio of E, :E,= 1: 1 Length of ok 12107 x10 Gy, 2x10 ~12%10" brass cylinder, =15em Hence ¢,~ 6, = 6 a (tt) 20) = 12*104m = 1.2mm ‘The measurement is 1.2mm less than its original length. ms /V_ a, ms./V, ds, "6 (6) The lengths ofeach rod increases by the same amount AL= 10% 12«10*(30- 3 AL = f0,t= We know that a 1x10 © = Fx(70=20) In the second case a ~7z(95—20) From equations. (1) and __1x0? x & (70-20) 4¢(95—20) => x= 610m 0.001 . Ga 8 Tasaioe 174% ‘True scale reading = Scale reading (+a t) = 80[1+2x10 527] = 80[1+0,00054] = 80.0432em Is, Let 4 L, is the expansion in the steel rod and L, is the expansion in the brass scale From ff, = af, (tet) Sx10%%1%100= 1.1103 1.9*108%1100= 1.910% Difference in their expansions = 1.910 1.110" = 0.810 = 0,0008m, Since Ogun > Cajuns Reading of tape> 10.0008" 0.9992m=98.92em Loss or gain of time of a pendulum clock due to change in temperature pet ate m xa *(t-t,) 86400 *1810-%(0—20)86400 = 15.55s 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | a ata 3|2 27 | 28 Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 7546845049, NEWTONCLASSES.NET