DIAC (Diode for alternating current)

A DIAC is a significant member of the thyristor family and is normally used to activate multiple devices
and also a two-electrode device. I learned that DIAC is a two-electrode bidirectional avalanche diode
that, for either polarity of the applied voltage, can be switched from off-state to on-state. This fact
means that this method can be used in any direction, as well as in either forward or reverse blocking
modes. In various applications, such as phase control circuits for motor speed control, light dimmers,
heat controls, and many other control circuits, this device is used as a trigger device. In other words,
DIAC's were used for the thyristor triggering process. The heat control that activates to provide smooth
control of heat generated by the heater is one of the example circuits in DIAC. In construction, when I
read carefully about the DIAC, I realized that DIAC looks like a transistor; there are many variations
between these two, however. Some of these are: the doping concentrations are similar in all the layers,
whereas the transistor has a strongly doped emitter, a lightly doped collector, a moderately doped base,
and a three-terminal device is a transistor, whereas the DIAC is a two-terminal device. The most
significant thing is that it is possible to manufacture the DIAC into three, four, or five-layer structures. A
system of three layers is more widely used than other structures. The benefit of a DIAC is that by simply
lowering the voltage level below its avalanche breakdown voltage, it can be switched on or off. The
primary benefit of using this system is that, as per SCR or TRIAC, it does not sharply turn to a low voltage
state at a low current level. It has a low drop in on-state voltage until its current drops below the level of
the holding current. As the current increases, the voltage drops decrease. While the term is not
commonly used, symmetrical trigger diodes can also be called DIACs - a term arising from the symmetry
of their characteristic curve.

A silicon-controlled switch

A silicon-controlled switch (SCS) is a term, which I've chosen in a part of 4-layer thyristor that similar to
SCR. However, there are several differences between the two; it has an additional gate, namely the
anode gate, it is physically smaller than SCR and is designed for operation at a lower voltage, current,
and power, it has lower leakage and holding current than SCR it has more uniform triggering
characteristics from sample to sample, and it requires smaller triggering signals. A silicon-controlled
switch (SCS) is a type of thyristor system used in switching applications that has four terminals. I learned
that Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS) is used in pulse generators, voltage sensors, and oscillators. This
device is used in lamp drivers, power-switching circuits, and logic circuits, as well as in essentially any
circuit that requires a switch that can be turned ON and OFF by two separate control pulses. The reason
why this device is called Silicon Controlled Switch is it acts as a switch in the power electronic circuits,
and its switching operation (both turn on and turn off) can be controllable. To understand more the SCS,
I've briefly read so that I can understand and specially to become aware of the difference and the
purpose of SCS in the types from the 4-layer thyristor.