qarTuli wignis beWdvis saTaveebTan

pirveli qarTuli beWduri wigni 1629 wels gamoica, magram

ara saqarTveloSi, aramed italiaSi, kerZod romSi. Ees faqti
garkveuli istoriuli viTarebiT iyo gamowveuli. XVII saukunis
pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos Sah-abas I Semoesia. qarTlis mefe
Teimuraz I-ma dasaxmareblad mezobel qristianul qveyanas,
ruseTs mimarTa, magram uSedegod. Teimurazs erTaderTi gza
rCeboda _ evropasTan politikuri kavSiris damyareba. am mizniT
mefem espaneTsa da italiaSi elCad gagzavna Tavisi karis
moZRvari nikifore irbaxi, igive nikoloz ColoyaSvili.
amave periodSi romis
kaTolikuri eklesia
dainteresda saqarTveloTi,
qveyniT, romelic me-4
saukunidan aRiarebda
qristianul sarwmunoebas.
vatikanis interesebSi Sedioda
am qveyanaSi, iseve rogorc
aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi,
kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis qadageba da gavrceleba. amitom
bunebrivia, rom romis papi, urban VIII, yuradRebiT moekida
qarTlis mefis elCs, romelmac Teimuraz I-s werili miarTva.
Ppapic da qristianuli sarwmunoebis gamavrcelebeli
organizaciis mesveurnic xvdebodnen, rom verc erTi misioneri
ver SeZlebda dasaxuli amocanis Sesrulebas, Tu ar
ecodineboda is ena, romelzec kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba unda
eqadagebina. nikifore irbaxs ki SeeZlo mniSvnelovani daxmareba
gaewia momavali misionerebisTvis qarTuli enis Seswavlis
saqmeSi, Tumca amisaTvis mas esaWiroeboda saTanado literatura
– gramatikis saxelmZRvanelo da leqsikoni. gadawyda, rom
kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
stambaSi nikifore irbaxis daxmarebiT daemzadebinaT qarTuli
Srifti da mis safuZvelze qarTuli wignebi daebeWdaT.
 1629 wels daibeWda “qarTuli anbani”, romelmac erTgvari
savarjiSo teqstis roli Seasrula. mas maleve mohyva kidev ori
wigni: qarTul-italiur leqsikoni da laTinuri enidan
qarTulad Targmnili popularuli locva loretos
RvTismSoblisadmi _ “litania lauretana”.
mTavari roli am saqmeSi, marTalia, nikifore irbaxs
ganekuTvneboda, Tumca mas didi daxmareba gauwies italielma
mestambem, stefano paolinim da stambis mmarTvelma aqile
veneriom.
nikifore romSi erT weliwadze metxans darCa da
saqarTveloSi 1628 wlis bolos
gamoemgzavra. marTalia, mis evropaSi
mogzaurobas araviTari politikuri
Sedegi ar mohyolia, magram asrulda
qarTvelTa didi xnis ocneba _
Camoisxa qarTuli Srifti da
daibeWda qarTuli wignebi.
kaTolikuri eklesiis mesveurebic
TandaTan darwmundnen, rom
saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi ena qarTuli
iyo da masTan SedarebiT berZnuls
araviTari Zala da gavlena ar
hqonda, amitom anbanisa da
leqsikonis Semdeg gadawyda qarTuli
enis gramatikis saxelmZRvanelos
Sedgena da gamocema.
romis papma, urban VIII-m, sagangebod daavala imxanad
sruliad axalgazrda palermoel mRvdels franCesko maria
majos qarTuli enis safuZvlianad Seswavla. am mizniT majo erT
italiel misionerTan erTad saqarTvelosken gamoemgzavra.
dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erT kuTxeSi, samegreloSi,
damkvidrebulma misionerma iqauri mTavris, levan dadianis
xelSewyobiT ara marto Seiswavla qarTuli ena, aramed Seqmna im
droisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani gamokvleva qarTuli enis
gramatikuli wyobis Sesaxeb. majos “qarTuli gramatika”,
romelic 1643 wels daibeWda romSi, iyo
enis pirveli saxelmZRvanelo iberiul-
kavkasiur enobriv samyaroSi.Aam
naSromma, miuxedavad Secdomebisa,
mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula ara
mxolod momavali misionerebis
momzadebis saqmeSi, aramed evropel
mkiTxvels miawoda cnobebi qarTuli
enis agebulebisa da Taviseburebebis
Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom majo
Tavis samecniero naSroms
daumTavreblad Tvlida, saqarTvelodan
italiaSi dabrunebisas is Tavs
adarebda “axal argonavts, romelsac
Tan mihqonda oqros sawmisi”. romSi gamocemul pirvel qarTul
wignebs udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda qarTuli kulturis
istoriaSi. XIX saukunemde es wignebi iyo erTaderTi wyaro,
romlis saSualebiTac dasavleT evropis samecniero wreebi
ecnobodnen qarTul enas. garda amisa, maTi gamoqveynebiT
qarTvelebma scades gaerRviaT mtruli musulmanuri garemocva
da aRedginaT kavSiri dasavlur qristianul samyarosTan.
pirveli qarTuli nabeWdi wignis romSi gamosvlidan
naxevari saukunis Semdegac ki qarTvel mefeebs ar SeuwyvetiaT
fiqri qarTuli stambis saqarTvelos teritoriaze daarsebis
Sesaxeb. es iyo qarTlis mefis, arCilis didi xnis ocneba. igi
Tavad iyo poeti, mwignobari da kargad esmoda qarTuli stambis
arsebobis saWiroeba. im dros Seqmnili rTuli politikuri
viTarebis gamo arCilma Tavisi ganzraxva saqarTveloSi ver
ganaxorciela. igi iZulebuli gaxda, daetovebina samSoblo,
samefo taxti da moskovSi dasaxlebuliyo. swored aq Seudga igi
qarTuli Sriftis CamosxmisTvis zrunvas. Svedi diplomatis
daxmarebiT man qarTuli sastambo Srifti amsterdamSi SeukveTa.
rogorc Cans, mefis SekveTa Seasrules, magram raRac mizezebis
gamo am Sriftebma arCilamde ver moaRwia. mefis ocneba mxolod
me-18 saukunis 10-ian wlebSi asrulda, rodesac misma Zmiswulma,
qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI-m, TbilisSi gamarTa stamba da dabeWda
jer saxareba da fsalmunebi, 1712 wels ki qarTvelebisTvis
saxarebis Semdeg yvelaze mniSvnelovani wigni - SoTa
rusTavelis “vefxistyaosani”.
mTlianobaSi Tbilisis stambidan
sul ocamde saxelwodebis wigni gamovida.
mxatvruli gaformebiT isini ar
CamorCebodnen evropaSi im dros
dabeWdil wignebs.
1724 wels osmalebis Semosevas
Tbilisis aoxreba da stambis gauqmeba
mohyva, magram vaxtang VI-Tan erTad
ruseTSi gadasaxlebulma mestambeebma,
redaqtorebma, mxatvrebma sagamomcemlo
saqmianoba moskovSi gaagrZeles. vaxtang VI ocnebobda bibliis
mTliani teqstis gamocemaze, magram ise gardaicvala, rom es
ocneba auxdeneli darCa. bibliis sruli teqsti 1743 wels
daibeWda moskovSi, vaxtang VI-is vaJis, baqaris, TaosnobiT,
amitom mas dRemde baqaris biblias uwodeben.