THECORELLATIONBETWEENSTUDENTSSPEAKINGANXIETYandTHE

SPEAKINGABILITYOFSTUDENTSATTHETENTHGRADEOFSENIOR
HIGHSCHOOLBINABHAKTISAPAT

ISLAMICUNIVERSITYOFINDRAGIRI

BY

RIZKI

NORAMALIA

502181010023

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF INDRAGIRI

TEMBILAHAN

2021
 2

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. ResearchDesign

This research is a correlation study because here the researcher

will try to explain and test the relationship, also present findings in the

form of numbers, and analyze through the use of statistics. Creswell

(2008) states that the correlational research design is a procedure in

quantitative research in which researchers will measure the degree of

relationship between two or more than one variable. The researcher

analyzed the research using statistical formulas to determine the

relationshipbetweenspeakinganxietyandstudents'speakingskills.This

researchhastwokindsofvariables.Thedependentvariableisspeaking

anxiety(X)whiletheindependentvariableisspeakingskill(Y).Thedesign

can be described asbelow:

(X) (Y)

Figure 3.1 research design

Note:

X : Students’ anxiety

Y : Speaking skill

Thefigureaboveisthedesignusedbythewriterwayto conducting

thisresearch.
 B. Location and time ofresearch

1. ResearchTime

This research was conducted from August to September of the

2020/2021 academicyear.

2. ResearchLocation

This research was conducted in class X Senior high school Bina

Bhakti Sapat. Located on pertanian street, Kelurahan. Sapat, district.

Kuala Indragiri, Regency. Indragiri Hilir, RiauProvince.

3. Research Subjects andObjects

The subjects of this study were students of class X SMA Bina

Bhakti Sapat for the academic year 2020-2021. This study is an

assessmentofthecorrelationbetweenstudents'anxietyandthespeaking

abilityofclassXstudentsofSeniorhighschoolBinaBhaktiSapat.

C. Population and SampleResearch

1. Population

According to Sukardi (2003), the population can be in the form of

teachers, students, curriculum, facilitation, school organization, and

others. The population in this study were students of class X SMA Negeri

Bina Bhakti Sapat with two classes with a population of 50 students.

2. Sample

AccordingtoMcmilanandSchumacher(2010),asampleisagroup

ofindividualsfromwhomdataiscollected.Asampleisagroupofpeople,

objects,orplaceswheredataiscollected.Inthisstudy,researchersused
convenience sampling. According to Sukardi (2012), convenience

samplingisasamplingtechniquethatoccursbychance.Theresearcher

onlyselectsasamplefromeveryonewhomeetsaccidentallyatachosen

place,time,orway.Therewere50students.Itwasmentionedearlierthat

thelongschoolholidaysduetothecoronapandemicmadeitdifficultfor

researcherstogetresults.Theresultisonly5studentswhocanbecalled or

sent a video. This means that this study only took a sample of 5

students.

D. ReasearchProsedure

Variable is the focus in any reserach. Without knowing what

variables are involved, what the variables refer and what the role of

variable in the research project cannot be conducted. In the fact resesarch

always starts with variables (Adnan Latief, 2015:10). There were two

variables in this research, namely independent variable and dependent

variable:

1. Independentvariable

Sukardi (2003) stated that independent variable is usually the

variablethatmanipulatedsystematically.Inthisresearch,theindependent

variable is Students speakingskill

2. Dependentvariable

“Dependentvariableorsometime-calledcriterionvariableisvariable

which is measured as the effect of the manipulation or treatment of the

independet variable” (Sukardi, 2003:179). It means that thedependent

variable is the result of the effect of treatment, which conducted in the

experimentalgroup.Whileinthisstudy,thestudents’bringaboutspeaking

anxietybecamethedependentvariable

E. ResearchInstruments

According to Arikunto (1985), this research is a method used to

collect data. In this study, researchers need to use instruments to assist

in collecting research data. The instruments used in this research are

defined into two kinds. The first is a questionnaire and students' speaking

test results (studentscores).

1. Questionnaire

The questionnaire is a structured data collection technique

consisting of a series of written questions answered by respondents. In

another definition, a questionnaire is a schedule containing various items

for which information is sought from the respondent.

The questionnaire is a tool to collect data, a questionnaire is a list

of questions, which is often referred to in general by the name of a

questionnaire. The questionnaire is a data collection technique that is

done by providing. To ensure that this questionnaire is good for students,

the researcher gives questions in two languages, namely English and

Indonesian so that students are more familiar with the questions and can

provideanswers.

Table 3.1

Questionnaire Items of SpeakingAnxiety

 No Statement SA A NA D SD

...

In order to analyze the data, the reseacher counted the data

manually following the oetting’s scale (1983). After the score, the

researcher categorized them into four levels : Relaxed, middly anxious,

anxious, and very anxious. To be more specific, the participant chosen

were the students who gained higher speaking anxiety score.

Table 3.2

Speaking anxiety scale following oetting’s scale

RANGE LEVEL

91-100 Very anxious

81-90 Anxious

71-80 Middly anxious

 60-70 Relaxed

source:Oetting’sScale(1983)ascitedbyafnizulaika(2012) Moreover, the factors of

language anxiety in speaking English wereinvestigated though the

questionanaire. There were categorized factorsof

language anxiety is communication apprehension.

2. SpeakingTest

This speaking test is given to get students' grades in foreign

language classes, especially English. For the speaking test, the writer

cannotdothetesthimself.Becausethewriterneedstogetascorewith

ongoingassessment.So,totakethestudents'resultsinthespeakingtest, the

researcher collaborated with the teacher in the speaking class.

Researcherscollectdataonstudentscoresfromteachers.Fromsomeof

thedataobtained,theauthorsbegantoaddupandmakeitintonumerical data

for further processing, looking for the relationship between two

variables,students'speakinganxiety,andtheirspeakingtestscores.

The primary data collection technique in this study was using a

speaking test. The researcher will give orders to the students to speak

English in front of the class on the given topic. This technique will

concludewhatcausesthatoftenmakestudentsanxioustospeakEnglish in

front of theclass.

To get data on students' speaking skills, the researcher used a

speaking rubric. In the speaking rubric, five aspects are assessed: (1)

Grammar, (2) Pronunciation, (3) Vocabulary, (4) Fluency, and (5)

Comprehension. Each aspect is assessed based on four qualifications.

The maximum score for all 5 aspects of speaking skills in the rubric is 20.

In this study, the researcher used the speaking rubric by Hughes, (2003).

Table 3.3

Speaking Rubric

No. Description Level

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Pronounciation

2 Grammar

3 Vocabulary

4 Fluency

5 Comprehension

Total of Score :

Final Score :

SourcSorce:Hughes,2003

Table 3.4

Scorescriterion

No Score Categorized

1 55-60 Needs improvement

 2 65-70 Satisfactory

3 75-80 Good

4 85-100 Exelent

Guideliness for Assessment SPEAKING

1. Totalmaximumscoreperstudent:20

2. Value of students is obtained by dividing the total value of the

acquistionwithsummaximumscore20multipliedby100

3. Studentgotascoreof12,thenitsvalueis12/20x100=60

F. Data CollectionTechniques

Tocollectdatafromthesampleofthisstudy,theauthorsusedtwo

techniques asfollows:

1. Questionnaire

Arikunto (2006) says that a questionnaire is a statement orquestion

that is used to obtain certain information from respondents.Inother words,

this technique is used to collect data about students' anxiety.In this study,

the researcher will use a checklist item where theresearcher forms five

choices SA (Strongly Agree) 5 A (Agree) 4NA(Disagree Disagree) 3 DS

(Disagree) 2 SD (Strongly Disagree) 1 For eachstatement. The

questionnaire consists of 20 closed items, students only

give a checkmark (√) on each question item.

2. SpeakingTest.

The author uses an speaking test related to speaking indicators

consisting of vocabulary, grammar, fluency, comprehension, and

pronunciationtodeterminethestudents'abilitytospeakEnglish.Togive the

test, the author uses oral presentations in the form of opinions and

gives suggestions on topics related to the material. And before the

researcher implements the research instrument, it is first analyzed or

checkedforvalidity.Inthisstudy,theresearcherusedaspeakingtestand

aquestionnaireforthetestbecauseinthetitletheresearcherexamined

anxiety andspeaking.

G. Data AnalysisTechniques

To do a good arrangement, the researcher used a statistical

formula to find the relationship between students' speaking anxiety and

students' speaking skills.

Value=Numberoftherightanswerx100

The total number of thetest

1. Calculatingthestudent’scorrectanswer

Product moment Interpretation

80-100 Excellent

66-79 Good

56-65 Average

46-55 Poor
 0-45 Fail

2. Product moment correlationAnalysis

Inobtainingtheresultoftheresearch,theresearcheruseanalysis

techniquebyKarlPearson,thereforeisoftencalledbyPearsoncorrelation

tecnique. The analysis is to find out the correlation between students’

speaking anxiety and student speaking skill. The researcher uses the

correlation formula by Pearson product moment correlation formula

(SyofiyanSiregar,2012).Theformulathatwillbeusedis:

Rxy= N∑ XY −(∑ X)(∑Y)

√[N∑ X²−(∑ X) ²][ N∑ Y²−(∑ Y) ²]

Rxy = The correlation between students’ speaking anxiety and student

speakingskill

N = The number ofRespondents

X = The students score of speakinganxiety

Y = The students score of speakingskill

∑X = The sum of Speaking anxietyscore

∑Y = The sum of Speaking skillscore

∑X² =Thesumofsquaresofspeakinganxietyscore

∑Y² = The sum of squares of speaking skill

score (∑X)² = The sum of squares of speaking

skillscore

(∑Y)² = The squares of the sum of speaking anxiety scores

∑XY =Totalnumberofspeakinganxietyandspeakingskillscores

Table 3.7

Interpretation of Product moment score

Cooffecient of corellation “r” Interpretation

0.00-0.20 The correlation is neglected

0.20-0.40 The correlation is week

0.40-0.70 Thecorrelationisstrongenough

0.70-0.90 The correlation is strong

0.90-0.100 The correlation is very strong

Interpretationofproductmomentscore,adaptedfromBurnsandGrove.

3. StatisticalHypothesis

1. H1:>=Ifthevalueishigherthan,Haisaccepted.Itmeansthatthere

isacorrelationbetweenstudents'speakinganxietyandstudents'speaking

skills.

2. H0: < value is lower than Ho is accepted. It means that there is no

correlationbetweenstudents'speakinganxietyandspeakingskills.