PART 4 EXERCISES THEORY Fill in each blank with one word provided. A, reference G. literal meanings M. componential analysis. B. lexical gap H. semantic Reatures N. co-teferen C. denotation sense ©. semantic field D. figurative meaning J. primary meaning P. connotation E. variable reference K, referent F. secondary meanings L. constant reference 1 are the smallest units of meaning in a word: which help to identify a word. They are universal and Primitive, so they are left undefined. 2 is the method of analyzing the denotative meaning of a word by listing the semantic features included in the meaning of the word. 3. is the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another. 4 is the absence of a word in a particular place in a lexical field of a language. 5. The of a word is the core, central or referential meaning of the word found in dictionary. 6. The of a word is the additional meaning that the word had beyond its denotative meaning, It shows people’s emotions and/or attitudes towards what the word refers to, 1. of a word is the first meaning or usage that the word will suggest to most people when itis said jn isolation; they are not context-bound. ‘are the meanings beside primary meanings; and are context-bound. are the basic or usual meanings of a word. of a word is the meaning which is different from its usual (literal) meaning and which creates vivid mental images to readers or listeners. 1. The of a word shows the relationship between that word and the object, the person, the action, the quality, etc. it refers to. 12, The of.a Word shows the internal relationship between that word and other words in the vocabulary of a language. 13. A_____ isan object or an entity in the real world or in the world of your imagination that is talked about. 14, When the same linguistic expression refers to different referents, it has 15, When one linguistic expression refers to one and same referent, it has 16. When two or more linguistic expressions share the same referent, they have A. figure of speech H. litotes .-hyponym B.metonymy 1. hyperbole P. utterance C. personification J. irony Q. contradictory sentence D. metaphor K. sentence R. anomaly E. simile L. hypernym S. synthetic sentence F. — synecdoche M. partial synonymy T. proposition G. euphemism N. analytic sentence 17. is the use of a word or phrase for special effect: the word does not have its usual or literal meaning. 18, _—_ Ts the figure of speech in which two objects are implicitly compared. 19. —___ Is the figure of speech in which two objects are explicitly compared through the use of LIKE or AS. 20. Isa figure of speech which involves the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another to ‘Which it is related /with which it is associated. Isa figure of speech in which a part or aspect of a person, object, etc. is meant to refer to the whole person, object, ete. 2 ‘Semantics Review _Ngioen Thu Ngan 16Isa figure of speech in which what a speaker says is more than required. .__ Is a figure of speech in which what a speaker says is less than required (often in negative form). . Isa figure of speech in which an inanimate object is given with human qualities. - isa figure of speech in which a nicer, more pleasant expression is used in place ofa socially ‘unacceptable expression. 26. Is a figure of speech in which the speaker expresses his meaning by saying the direct opposite of his, thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic. etc. 20. is a sense relation in which a polysemous word shares one of its meanings with another word. 28. (/superordinatel generic term) is a word whose sense is included in the sense of another word. 29.4 (/ subordinate/ specific term) is a word whose sense includes the sense of another word. 30.4 is a grammatical complete string of words expressing a complete thought. 31. An is the use by a particular speaker, on a particular occasion. for a particular purpose. ofa piece of language, such as a sequence of sentences. a sentence, a single phrase, or even a single word. 32.4 is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs. 33. An, one that is necessarily true, as a result of the senses of the words in it. 34. A____ ts aone that is necessarily false, as a result of the senses of the words in it. 35. A___ is one which is not analytic, but may be cither true or false, depending on the way the world i 36.___1s the violation of semantic rules to create nonsense. A. performative utterance H. representative ©. deixis B. expressive 1. commissive P. conventional implicature +. C. illocution J. rogative Q locution D. declarative K. directive R. indirectly E. perlocution L. conversational implicature S._ presupposition F. speech act M. deictic words T. direct (speech act) G. constative N. felicity conditions 37.A is one that performs some act and simultaneously describes that act. 38. A ___ asserts something which is either true or false. 39, is the saying of something which is meaningful & can be understood, Is the use of an utterance to perform a function, Is the results or effects (on the hearer) that are produced by means of saying something. are the conditions which must be fulfilled for a speech act to be satisfactorily performed or realized. are words that take its meaning from the situation of the utterance in which they are used. of an utterance is what the speaker assumes that the receiver of the message already knows. is an act that is performed through the act of speaking. describes a state of affairs in the world. commits the speaker to a course of action. changes the world by bringing about or altering the state of a licates the speaker's psychological state(s) or feeling(s)/ attitudes) about something. iends to get the listener to carry out an action. requests for information and which is typically in form of @ question. 52. Wehave speech acts when particular sentence types are associated with particular speech acts 53. A speech act is issued ‘when the syntactic form of the utterance does not match the type of speech act of the utterance, 34. refers to the phenomenon where the understanding the meaning of certain words / phrases in an utterance requires contextual information. is the unstated meaning inferred from the use of some utterance in context is the additional conveyed meaning associated with specific words like and. but, even, and yet. 5, 6. ‘Semanics Review _Ngnyen Tha Ngan ifPRACTICE ‘A. What is the SENSE RELATION between the words in the following pairs? Ifit's antonymy, specify what hind of antonymy it is. (The italiowords in brackets specify the meaning in question of the given words.) 1. able/ unable binary, arco 18, guard (as in body guard) / guard (a football 2, awake/ asleep brary owtrry: player whose position is in the middle of 3. bat (the animaly bat (For hitting baseball horeayuy the front line) 4. breakeast-supper 19. host / guest 5. capable / competent Synonymy 20. husband / wife 6. conceal/ reveal Iriviary conch niyo 21. land / soil 1, castomed supplier relecadcl arch oy 22. larger / smaller 8. dark (eg. dark room) /dark (eg. Don't look’ 23. lettuce broccoli on the dark side of things.) eres 24, lovel hate 9. deny/ admit binary 25. maintenance/ preservation 10. debtor / creditor nary Gate, ‘aXfonymy. 26, mouth (of an animal mouth (of a river) solve (eg. Salt dissolves in water.) / 27. pupil (at a school) pupil (of an eye) dissolve (eg. The Soviet Union was 28, ravage/ destroy dissolved in 1991) 29. rude! polite 12. expensive/ cheap 30. sow (eg. sow a field with wheat) / sow 13. false/ true (meaning: a female pig) 14, fined’ find 31. stationery / pen 15. flour / flower 32. take/ steal 16, gloom / darkness 33. tolerany intolerant 17. greater than less than 34-unusual / strange 35, weak/ week B. Interpret the meaning of each of the following sentences and identify its FIGURE OF SPEECH. America is a melting pot. ‘Ask yourself whether the connections of ideas in your essay are logically watertight He tried to take the heat out of the situation. His father was buried under this stone. Hollyw6od is putting out horrible movies. Teean never live under the same roof with him, Tuse not only all the brains I have, but all that I ean get from other people. John was so thirsty that he drank three mugs. ‘No one is sure what Moscow’s response will be. 10, Room 518 requested more soap. IL. She had 50 hands on her ranch. 12. She has no time even to sleep! 13, The burglar was on Sally’s mind all day long. 14. The customer is king. 15. The head of the department cannot come today. 16. The majority of the press supported the government's foreign policy. 17. The office was flooded with applications for the post. 18. The price of the meals set at 20S per head. 19. Their next strategy is to expand their business to less developed countries. 20. This manor house is a historic gem. 21. We are unable to agree on this term. Semantics Review —Ngupen Thu Ngan 18 PRN AVAwNH22. When he met her, he saw the world through rose-colored glasses. 23. You will never get the university to agree to that. C. Decide whether the following SENTENCES are analytic, contradictory or synthetic? A blue gas is colorless. A boy is taller than his younger brother. Boys tend to be more troublesome than girls. Tam as old as myself. John is older than himself, Jane is rather tal. Helen has orange eyes. All men are mortal. A triangle is a three-sided figure. 10, Alice is Ken's sister. 1. Lead isa metal. 12. Leaves turn yellow in the fall. 13, My neighbor's child is an adult. 14. My sick cat is not well. 15. Sam’s wife is married. 16. Sam’s wife is not German, 17. The Eiffel Tower is in Paris, 18. Tim shot the man, but he’s still alive. 19, Tom is neither here nor not here. 20, Witches are wicked. SRN eM eeN D. Which statements are true? (> means entails) Statement John cooked an egg entails statement John boiled an egg. John boiled an egg -> John cooked an egg. Tsawa boy > I saw a person. John stole a car -> John took a car. His speech disturbed me'-> His speech deeply disturbed me. No one has led a perfect life -> Someone has led a perfect life. ‘We've just bought a dog -> We've just bought something. The house was concealed by the trees -> The house was hidden by the trees. Henry was not chewing a tulip. > Henry was not chewing a flower. 10, Dennis didn’t get savaged by a sheep. -> Dennis didn’t get savaged by an animal. 11, David didn’t steal a pound of beef. > David didn’t take a pound of becf. 12. Henry chewed up all my tulips. > Henry chewed up all my flowers. 13, Mary colored all the square shapes purple. > Mary colored all the rectangular shapes purple. 14, John saw a big mouse. -> John saw a big animal. 15, We went in a small bus. > We went in a small vehicle. 16. That was an expensive sandwich. -> That was an expensive meal, PRN Awa RNS E. What is the sense relation between the two sentences in each of the following pairs: paraphrase, contradiction, or entailment? 1. Tom is married to Mary. 3. Dick isa bachelor. Mary is married to Tom. Dick is a man, 2. John is the father of Neil. 4. Gina plays sports. Neil is the father of John. Gina plays tennis. ‘Semantics Review _Ngwyen Th Ngan . 95. The fly is over the wall The wall is under the fly. 6. Jane is a spinster. Jane is married. 7. It is 50 miles to the nearest service station, ‘The nearest service station is 50 miles away. 8. Esaw Ted at the party. It.was Ted that I saw at the party. 9, The Jones sold their house to the Cruses. ‘The Cruses bought the house from the Jones. 10. John murdered Bill. il was murdered by John. died, James can't swim 12. Room 104 is below this one. Room 104 is above this one. We F. Identify the PRESUPPOSITION(S) of each of the following sentences. « But for your encouragement, we would have given up. Cathy hasn't been on holiday with her sister before. . David wants more popcorn. |. Everybody's surprised at her resignation. 3. I regret not going to the show. think | will have good results for the examination. . I'm afraid that I can't answer your question right now. . Ifonly you had agreed to go, it could have saved us lots of embarrassment, 10. Isn't it strange that the United States invaded Cambodia in 1970? U1, Itis strange that the United States invaded Cambodia in 1970. 1 2 re 4 5. He forgot his old friend's address. 6. 7. 8. 9. 12. No one is happy about his decision. 13, She was not aware that it would hurt her so much. 14, That her pet turtle ran away made Emily very sad, 15. The police ordered the teenager to stop drinking. 16. What time did you meet her? 17. What were they doing-when the accident happened? 18. Why don’t pigs have wings? &. Write down one IMPLICATURE that can be drawn from the second speaker's response in each of the following exchanges. 1: A: Do you want some desserts? B: Do birds have wings? 2. Husband: Uncle Chester is coming for er tonight. Wife: 1 guess I'd better hide the liquor. 3. Ar Did you enjoy the show? B: We left in the middle of the show. 4, A: Don’t you love me? B: Like you a lot; you know it only too well. : 5. A: Do you use your local swimming poo! very much? B: The saltwater hurts my eyes.. 6. A: Did your new assistant doa good job today? B: I couldn’t say he was helpful. ‘Semantics Review _ Ngwen Thu Ngan 7. Azls she a good singer? B: She usually sings well. 8. A: What do you think about her essay? B: The second draft wasn't better. 9. A: Do you expect a lot of rain this month? B: It hardly ever rains in March, 10, A: Mrs. X is an old bag. B: Well, it has been quite delightful this summer, isn’t it? 11. Husband: How much longer will you be? Wife: Make yourself a drink. 12, A: Try the roast pork. 13,,A: Do you like my hat? : It's pink. 20Could you think of some possible implicatures from each of the following utterances? 14. “There's some dirt on the table.” «at “ehe deer is open. 15. “He hasn't come back yet.” ag * Te geing to Anin.” 16. “There will be a heavy snowfall soot 3 HE. Are the following utterances PERFORMATIVE or CONSTATIVE? 1. I promise people things from time to time. 2. Lean’t promise that Pl be home early tonight. 3. [promise I will be home early tonight. 4. I promised { would be homie early tonight, 5. Ladmit | was wrong. 6 I think I was wrong. 7. Uhereby inform you that you are sacked. 8. Twam you not to come any further. 9. You are requested to keep off the grass. 10.1 Request that you keep quiet. IL. It is said to be the tallest building in the area, 12. People say that itis difficult to learn Japanese. 13. L give you supper every night. 14. He punished me. r Classify the ype of SPEECH ACT in each of the following utterances, A child to her playmate, Happy birthday, A doctor says to a patient, J advise you fo stop smoking. One secretary says to another, My daughter's getting married in August, A priest says over an infant, / baptize you in the name of ... A mother says to her daughter, Who washed the dishes? A passerby says to a motorist with a flat tire, Le‘ me help you with that, One friend says to another, / swear I won't see Martha again. A parent to her child, J forbid you to leave your room. PN Away (J®. With which of the previous utterances can you give another situation and classify it into a different type of speech? KM. For each of the following utterances, give two situations, interpret the meaning and then classify each utterance into different kinds of SPEECH ACT. 5. Everything will be okay. 12, He'll be back soon. 6. You look well today. 13, The air con is not working today. 7. This man is called ‘Mr. Long man’. 14, We're late already. 8. Who will pay for all this? 15. They've denoted thousands of pounds 9. It's her favorite dish: to charity. 10. Why don’t you come a bit earlier? U1. He's only four. L- Given this utterance: “There's a wasp on your cup.” 1. Provide I presupposition, 2. Provide possible implicatures. ‘Semantics Review _Nguyen Thu Ngan : ara) What is the illocution? b) What is the type of illocution/ speesh act? ¢) Isthe iMlocution direct or indirect? d) Provide a situation in which the utterance is used with the illocution suggested in 3a, ¢) Can the utterance perform another illacution? 1) What is the type of specch act of the illocution suggested in 3e. g) Is the illocution direct or indirect? h) Provide a situation in which the utterance is used with the illocution suggested in 3e. ‘Semantics Review _ Ngwen Thu Ngan 22GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS t Time: 150 minutes PART I: SEMANTICS. 1. Define the following terms and give one example for each. a. sense c. performative utterance b. referent 4. synthetic sentence 2. Identify the sense relation between the words in each of the following pair of words. When it i antonymy, say what kind of antonymy it is. The words in brackets help clarify the intended meaning of the words in the pair. a) thick / teach / learn 4) look’ gaze J refuse / decline (an invitation) ©) accept / refuse (an offer) #) thick/ dense piano / violin fy postpone / delay 3 Identify the presupposition(s) of the speaker in each of the following sentences. aT wish I hadn't called hima troublemaker. 7. called fin a Aruble mater b. Remember to water our plants twice a day. ¢. Twas not aware that there were some misspellings in the reports. d. He is a quick leamer. 4. Identify the figure of speech used in the following sentence and then interpret the meaning. Pearl Harbor reminds me of how the U.S. entered the Second World War. 5. Use the following utterance in two situations so that it performs two different types of speech acts. Interpret the utterance in the light of the situations provided and classify it according to the acts it~ performs. “The shop sells all sorts of books.” PART 2. WRITING Write an essay of about 250 words on either topic: 1. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2,. Some people like to do what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons arid examples to support your answer. ‘Semantics Review _ Nguyen Thu Ngan : 23KEY TO GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS 1 PART I: SEMANTICS (6 miarks) 1. definitions of terms: (2 marks) Defini Sm. Example: 0.25m 2. Sense relations (1m) a) gradabe antonymy ©) relational antonymy ) hyponymy 1) synonymy C) binary antonymy ) synonymy 4) incompatibility h) synonymy 3, Presuppositions (1m) a) {called him a trouble maker. b) We have some plants. C) There were some misspellings in the report. 4d) The speaker assumes that the listener already knows who “he"* is. 4. Figurative sense (1m) Pearl Harbor = Pearl Harbor event Metonymy 5. Speech acts (Im) ‘Answers to this question vary according to the situations provided by the student. Situations must be provided for this part to be graded, Situation I: Interpret: 0.25m; Classify: 025mm Situation 2; Interpret: 0.25m; Classify: 025m Situation 1: A: What does the shop sell? B: The shop sells all sorts of books. B answers A’s question. This is a representative. Situation 2: A:T wonder if I can buy this book at the shop. B: The shop sells all sorts of books. B suggests A to come to the shop to buy the book A needs. This is a directive ‘Semantics Review _ Nguyen Thu Ngan - 24GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS 2 Time: 150 minutes PART I: SEMANTICS [. Define the following terms and give one example for each, a) primary sense ©) contradictory sentence b) constant reference d) utterance 2, Identify the sense relation between the word: antonyms, say what kind of antonyms they are. in each of the following pairs- If the words are a) hit: miss ©) send: receive b) look: stare ) thick: dense 3. Decide whether the utterances below are performative or constative. a) “1 apologize for being late.” 4) “I suggest that you see a doctor as soon as, possible.” b) “I congratulate you on your promotion.” ©) “L think that he*ll come.”” 4. Identify the presupposition(s) or the speaker in each of the following sentences. 1) Keep your passport in a safe place. 4) Remember to tell Susan to ring me. b) Why didn't you do your homework? c) You shouldn’t have called him a tcoublemaker. 5. Identify the figure of speech used in each of the following sentences and then interpret the meaning. a) The world ended the day my mother died. b) The press have been criticized for their coverage of the story. 6. Use the following utterance in two situations so that it performs two different types of speech acts. Interpret the utterance in the light of the situations provided and classify it according to the acts it performs. “Its a waste of time.”* PART 2 WRITING 1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best preparation for life ora career is not learning to be competitive but learning to be cooperative. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Semantics Review _ Nguyen Thu Ngan 7 25KEY TO GRADUATION EXAMINATION LINGUISTICS 2 |. Define tile following terms arid give one example for each, 2. a) hit: miss (BINARY ANTONYMY) ) look: stare (IY PONYMY), c) send: receive (RELATIONAL, ANTONYMY) d) thick: dense {SYNONYMY) 3. Decide whether the utterances below are performative or constative. 2) performat b) perform: e ¢) constative 4d) performative 4, Identity the presupposition(s) or the speaker in each of the following sentences. a) You have a passport. b) You didn’t do your homework. ) You called him a troublemaker. d) The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who Susan is. 5, a) The world ended = I was very sad HYPERBOLE b) The press = Journalists METONYMY 6. It's a waste of time, Situation 1: ‘A: What do you think about my work? B: It's a waste of time. B answers A’s question by providing a piece of information. This is a representative, “Somantios Review _ Nguyen Thu Ngan Situation 2: A: It's a waste of time. B: At least I've given it a try. B advises A not to do something. ‘This is a directive,GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS 3 PART ONE: SEMANTICS . 1. Define the following terms and give one example each, a. Primary sense cc. Perlocution d. Sentence b. Hypemym 2. State whether the following sentences are analytic, contradictory: or synthetic. a. The earth revolves around the sun. b. The man he killed is now living in Paris. C. Bachelors are lonely men. d. Two halves make up a whole. 3. Identify the sense relations between the words/phrases in each of the following pairs. In the case of antonymy, specify the kind of antonymy (binary , gradable or relational). a. pass /fail . greater than / smaller than cred / crimson b. fake / counterfeit 4 The following sentences make certain presupposition(s). Identify them. a. Jack proved to be a very efficient worker €. He pretended to be interested in the project. b. Why didn’t you call the police? d. You shouldn't have been rude to-her. 5. Interpret the following sentence and identify the figure of speech used. a. The neighbors agreed to a truce over their barbeque dispute. b. The price of the meal is set at twenty pounds ‘per head. 6. For the following utterance, give 2 situations so that the utterance performs 2 different types of acts. Then interpret the utterance in the light of the situation you provide and classify it according to the intended act: Specify whether the speech act is direct or indirect. Ws going to rain soon. PART TWO ESSAY WRITING Write an essay of approximately 250 words on either of the topics. a. Colleges and universities should view their students as customers, just as businesses do. oR 5. The busiest people are the happiest people. “Semanics Review —Nanen Thu Ngan ”KEY TO. GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS 3 PART ONE: SEMANTICS. + 1. Define the following terms and give one example each. 2 a, SYNTHETIC C. SYNTHETIC b. CONTRADICTORY 4. ANALYTIC 3. a. BINARY ANTONYMY, d. RELATIONAL ANTONYMY c. HYPONYMY b. SYNONYMY 4 a. The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who Jack is. c. He was not interested in the project. b. You didn’t call the police. 4, You were rude to her. 5. a, truce = agreement for the stopping of fighting METAPHOR b. head = person SYNECDOCHE. 6. 1s going to rain soon. ‘Situation 1: ‘Situation 2: A: What's the weather like? A; It's going to rain soon, B: It’s going to rain soon. B: OK. I'll not go out. B directly answers A’s question by providing Speaker A indirectly asks/ orders B not to go @ piece of information. out. ‘This is a representative. This is a directive. ‘Semantics Review gugen Th Ngan 2 28GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS 4 PART ONE SEMANTICS 1. What is a hyponym? Provide two hyponyms for each of the following words. a take b. walk 2. How is a performative utterance different from a constative one? Decide whether the following utterances are performative or constative. a. { promise people things from time to time. b. I can’t promise that I'll be home early tonight. ight. d_I promised I would be home early tonight. ¢. | promise I will be home early toni 3. Interpret the sentences and identify the figures of speech used. a. America is a melting pot. b. You'll never get the university to agree to that. 4. Identify two presuppositions in the following sentence. It is regrettable that the police were not informed of the murder earlier. ‘5. What does the second speaker's response implicate in each of the following dialogues? a, Dialogue 1. Jenny: Mrs. X is an old bag. ‘Ann: The weather has been quite delightful this sumumer, hasn't it? Dialogue 2: (Husband and wife are getting ready to go out for the evening.) Husband: How much longer will you be? Wife: Make yourself.a drink. 6. What is the sense relation between each’of the following pairs of words? When the words are antonyms, specify whether they are binary, gradable or relational. 1. accidental / intentional b. figure (‘the sales figures’)/ figure (‘a political figure’) ©. cat / dog 4. flour / flower 7. Make two situations for the following utterance, interpret its meanings and then classify it according to two different types of speech act. The battery is dead, PART TWO WRITING Write an essay of 250-300 words on ONE of the following topics. 1. Explain the major reasons for the high dropout in college. 2. What are the keys to success? Explain your answer. ‘Semantics Review _ Nguyen Thy Ngan 29KEY to GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUI ICS 4 DURATION: 150 MINUTES PART ONE SEMANTICS A byponym is a word that contains the meaning of a more hhypernym). a, take: steal, borrow. », walk: tiptoe, piod 2. ac be 1 word (the superordinate oP ac 3... a meking pot = place where different peoples, styles and cultures are mixed together METAPHOR b. The university = the authority of the university METONYMY 4. a. The police were not informed of the murder earlier. b, There was a murder. 6.a. BINARY ANTONYMY b: HOMONYMY 7. The battery is dead. Situation 1: A: What's wrong with the laptop? B: The battery is dead. B directly answers A’s question by telling him the reason why the laptop does not work. This is a representative, ‘Semantics Review _ Nguyen Thu Ngan tes that she is not interested in the topic raised by Jenny. implicates that she will be long enough for him to have a drink. c. INCOMPATIBILITY d, HOMOPHONY Situation 2: A: The battery is dead. B: I'll buy another one. irectly requests B to buy another battery. is a directive, 30GRADUATION EXAM IN LINGUISTICS 5 PART I SEMANTICS 1. Compare the following terms. Give one example for each. Reference/ sense 2. Identify the sense relations between the words/ phrases in each of the following pairs. If the words are antonyms, specify what kind of antonyms they are. a. own/ belong to b. virtue/ honesty c. cat/ dog d, enormous / huge 3. State whether the following sentences are analytic, synthetic or contradictory. a. My sick cat is not well. b. The tiger is a reptile. c. Leaves turn yellow in the fall, d. The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. 4. The following sentences make certain presupposition(s). Identify them, a. I wonder how Steve smashed the television. b. She proved to be a very efficient worker. PART 2 WRTING Write an essay of 250-300 words on one of the following topics. a, “When people succeed, it has nothing to do with luck. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above, Use specific reasons & examples to explain your position. b. In.some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your reasons by using specific reasons and examples. ‘Semantics Review Nguyen Thu Ngan 3GRADUATION EXAM IN LINGUISTICS 6 PART ONE: SEMANTICS 1. Define the following terms and give one example for each. a. Primary sense] b. secondary sense «. Presupposition 4. implicature 2 Decide whether the following sentences are analyti a, Jane is rather tall bb. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. . My son isa boy. d. Boys tend to be more troublesome than girls. contradictory or synthetic. 3, Identify the sense relations between the words/phrases. a. stationery/pen, b. land/soil . husband / wife 4. unusual/strange 4. The following sentences make certain presupposition(s). Identify them. a. Everybody was surprised at her resignation. b. Why didn’t you report it to the management? 5. Interpret the following sentence and identify the figure(s) of speech used. a. His father was buried under this stone. . They parted after two years of martiage. 6 For the following utterance, give 2 situations so that the utterance performs 2 ‘Then interpret the utterance in the light ofthe sit intended act ifferent types of acts. it according to the It shouldn't be too long. PART TWO ESSAY WRITING Write an essay of approximately 2.50 words an either topic: a, Your opinion of Vietnam’s higher education oR ’, Your opinion or competitive sports. ‘Semantics Review Nguyen Tha Ngan Pini 32TN Thuy Wh eta KG 05 Adto Vietnam National University _ Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences & Humanities Department of English Linguistics & Literature GRADUATION EXAMINATION IN LINGUISTICS (150 minutes) Part I: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 1. Give a definition and an example for these terms.(Im) . a/ litotes b/ locution 2. What is the relation between the words in each of the pairs below? Classify the relation if possible. (1m) a/ niece _nephew b/ carnivore _setter o/nag__ steed wider _narrower 3. Interpret the meaning of these sentences and identify the figure of speech in them. (1m) a/ That hand has been being glued to the mouse for hours. b/ Sharon is in the powder-room now. 4, What do these sentences presuppose? (11) a/ Jim is no longer number one. b/ Take the umbrella with you.5. State a possible implicature of B's utterance and D's one. (1m) a/ A: How about a nightcap? B: I’m not dry. b/C: What do you think of this dress? D: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 6. For the following utterance, provide two situations so that this utterance performs two different acts. Interpret the utterance and identify the acts performed in the light of the situation you provide. (1m) Who don’t fear accidents? Part II: WRITING (4 marks) Write an essay of 250-300 words on ONE of the following topics: 1. How to improve people’s life. 2. Should noise makers be punished by the law?KEY a . Litotes: definition: 0,25, example:~0,25; Locution: definition: 0,25, example: 0,25 2. af incompatibility (0,25) b/ hyponymy (0,25) o/ synonymy (0,25) relational antonymy (0,25) 3. a/ That person has been using the computer for hours. (0,25); metaphor (0,25) by Sharon is in the lavatory now. (0,25); euphemism (0,25) 4, a/ Jim was once number one. (0,5) b/ You don’t have the umbrella with you. (0,5) 5. af Idon’t want any drink, (0,5) b/I don’t want to say if the dress is beautiful. (0,5) 6. Answers may vary.