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An electrical furnace firing the ceramic products has been designed and its automatic control has been implemented.
Furnace (100x50x50 cm) may be used to fire even small ceramic products such as trinkets. PLC has been used for the
automation of the system. The heat from the furnace has been measured by means of thermocouples and has been
transferred to the PLC by analog module and the heat of furnace has been controlled according to the obtained heat values.
Besides, required heat degree and the heat in the furnace have been traced on the screen of the control panel. The sample
products fired in the furnace proved that the system operated successfully without problem.
power of blotting furnaces whose heat reach to 300°C. of furnace intersect, gives power of furnace. For
Point, at which value of heat of furnace and capacity
138 J SCI IND RES VOL 66 FEBRUARY 2007
100°C, 5460 min (91 h or 3.8 days) can be written as The PLC program runs and the furnace operate with
maximum. Range of time increase or decrease related entered values. If the demanded and actual values are
to each increment or decrement of temperature value. equal, the furnace operates and then stops when
When the operation starts, the PLC and TDA200 required. If the demanded values and actual values are
operator panel automatically set as demanded not equal, the program returns to operate the furnace
configuration (Fig. 5). Then user enters temperature, up to meet the demanded values.
increasing time and waiting time values in three steps.
140 J SCI IND RES VOL 66 FEBRUARY 2007
Kanthal DSD Ct 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.08
Kanthal A-1 Ct 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.04
The value of PT, which is calculated in accordance 200 display and the value is entered in minute about
with entered values, is written in the section of PT of in how much it gets to this value of heat. If waiting is
T101 time counter (Fig. 6). Thus the time counter of necessary in this heat, the time of waiting is entered as
T101 produces pals in determined time. The value, second time. Secondly, the value of heat is entered
whose increase was required, is written in the section and the desired time to make it reach to this value is
of PV of C1 counter and when C1 counter reaches to entered. As it occurs in the first step, the time of
this value, it works the situation of waiting. The time waiting is entered if it is required. Finally, the
of waiting is written in the section of PT of T102 time processes are repeated for 780 °C in third step.
counter. T102 time counter activates M1.1 relay at the The furnace has been tested under no load and
end of determined time and the secondly entered loaded conditions. The reach time to the demanded
values are taken into consideration and the new values temperature has been measured for each condition
are calculated. These values are transformed into (Fig. 7). The reach time for no load condition has
required places of the program. The program been found 20 min where the reach time for loaded
gradually continues to work in this way. After the condition is 30 min. The reach time in loaded
values are entered from the control panel in order to condition takes more time because of physico-
start the program, either press F1 button chemical reactions23 (dehydration, decomposition,
(F2 in emergency) in the panel or the signal is given combustion and reaction during the fired state).
to I0.0 input of PLC.
Efficiency of furnace (power, 3000 watts; heating
Results and Discussion time, 30 min) has been calculated as:
An experiment consisting three steps temperature
and time values has been implemented. The first Q in =0,24* P * t
required value of heat is entered by the help of TD
BAYINDIR: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC FURNACE TO FIRE CERAMIC PRODUCT 141