مقالات أبي الفداء بن مسعود

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? # I - … 2 > B` &
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!5: % c>5 # # H C
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!| ( 5 6 :u m t
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J : S2 Dx- . # H B; 81` S# F ' : { E B'- R #A : 2
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? =6
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^)F P= # ! PE 2 ; ' :m73 % Y: ='6 ,J2 ] ; ' B#
n/+ V /+ P^ K [Y ' : l / { =6 ! #(# 3 y 23 " c" > -
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!!!B @ 5 /AF
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1 S( X 2 B7 − @ ,#, > q 7 " , ' /AF V- 6/#I & D ' Y D /& /6 h .6
S- S( / V ! B . ( B ^& B7 t S /W2 : {/` 5: 2 51 ^ − C (<
D ' D # #H # 5 /A( /AF 8 H 4 / ‡zc , !uB, X /l J !
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S# D , H& # (A .(#( : − L1 4 B6 2 /c (FY [
•#c D ,. # H V; /+ # Y j &O D dW V ! E ? 5 [Y DY B,F − " ##, ! "
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' : /6 % * & B > S# F K [Y L / j# # , X /$ F ( S- !! F
#- /A( ‡ ( j# l =S- " E8 @ F ",& D ' : q 5 [Y" 9 @ !!9 Z
#, /AF #- 8: : X/; E FY , #, m 4 0 % #I 5 6) k+ ;@
DY :8 , . I •# ( !" . # H " j# . I - ,#, >S % ,l
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D '& D Dv D 6 )& X 6 ) P3 ' 1- , ; , 6 +Y S@ # B` E 5 /#Q& 5 H&
\ 'FY !!y 3 X# 8 'c /; I 3 X^)( D^) q &{ EP 1# E
.(Q 1 D ' D3 − ' ] − @/ PE /#I & 8 q E /AF > 2D F F & F ,&
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C.c B7 V ` P= #' V ! E ? ( /Sh 1# E C1, k H : , FE I? 5 Z #-
! E ? X /l UF 2 # P I F V ! =6 š Y( , ˆ & : RR / ,& @
0/ /Sh F ,- B, :E ]F P= 7 ( @ (F | ‚ B
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:Y X/S? F /F !D C/, # •( # 6 =6 ,D ] q > :Y m73 • 9Z
> B` F^ 9 @ DY [!! S 7 #F X# / .l@ @ D ' I L ,& C I V)(& L
9(' : , # # H 9 E j(? t # ( B# E ˆ /`Y Y ˆ & B+ 8 @ =6 • 2

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B, X /$ J ! =6 ,/`v #2 " ? " "B` " ( :Y ,/#[^& : > B-
8 7 *l, F :Y , , ` /; ‰ ,( /#\ & F H V ! =S D ' D k? & .
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!!M 3 # I - B+ y z- =6 ???" #- 7" /#I & " /#I &" L /F 2
.$ Y 2/& D :Y • =6 D^c > o ]( "+ @ B# &^& D ' : F B -
/ 1# E F %& ' # B7 Dx- :Y Ru5 S#6 t F # & 6 ) , V# I
,C.c B7 V ` 6 0/ D^ S ‚ l V B ^& '# ! ( , 7 ( . # H „
F^% , /#I # d#?z FE Zx- !",& =6 E S #! 7 o F3 B W@ D
j# ,5 6 ) 2 /H 5# ^ # F‚ . , 8: : I V; /+ Y 9 Z
X7 ( L ,& D ' . 0 % /W #I 5 6) . #H 5 E Y
???. # H T 2 ‡/c /A( 9 & DY =6 B7 " 8 , J#'-..1, ,
E3 7 z F ? & @ E E]& , #(h 1# E FY # H@ 1# E .H & : E /AF DY D ,&
Forensic 0 > 7. #H . 8: : >m V /+ =6 , &/ I(?
B 3 a#2 −f Sl ,& #(A E3 7 /& 8 @ DY 8 @ Sciences!
9 & D '& ( ' RL /; > 8 6 , #- H : 1, d# −. I
5 /$ X /$ ‚ ( ~ E / ZY ,. , B 3 a#2 X - /AF #( S 7 E3
+/) V, 7 & !! #@ S D ' : qx- #(A E3 9 & * 7 /& S Fx- , S H Y B,
B& , D " , 2 /AF ( P= D1- 6 B& , D " E3 " ] " ? /W P=
:Y *I# ] E3 =6 DY" : ,[ B' 8 ,F F /& =S !!! I FL @ B ƒz @
5 /#I S# 8: : E/ . # 3 #$/ - !!"* 7 /& 5/<7 S 5 $ z- 5 /AF
(# F 6E I- ,. I B 3 a#2 X -, 7z 5 6) S # ##(
W . . #H 5 /AF q % S ~ ` D B@ Q %% S
Irreducible .S# /AF D ?/!& ##( /c 'FY!!. # H E^ K [Y D ' Y
# F ' : /#I & yz & q3 . # H X/; E −8< B# Complexity -
BH F D ~ ((' . # #H # , /H F E 1S- ,. # H B; 81`
Occam L 7 X/ c S?/!& " ##, ! " 5 /AF D D T & 'FY [???9 Z FE DY E /AF
X/ ) =6 D " , E /A( F , ( , /A( 5 /#I X/; E Razor
V ! DH Y > $Y C.) 5 # #Q /#I B7 D 5 [4 I#(' > :Y 1 ˆ/!&
DY D ,& ! E /A( X , =~ W F: D z- F !1, y -/ / Fx- 2
/#I & Y K Z > S( B7 ˆ & . 5 #$/ /#<' k H & : q3 /#I 7 V- E /AF
VH( 01,F =6 DY 8 @ RV ! X #, ƒ1! 5 /#I BI I > ,1, 8 ,
1# E D # # H C % B7 D % E /AF > B ^ P= - !D ' X/#W
• ~ "@ . # #' /#I & Y ˆ S( B ^& B7 ,X 51 ^ B @ Fx- S
#q 5 (; ' |16 "( 7 2 .? ` w $ D E V I / ,& F E L ] ( 9Z
• 2 8 H )2 - H I I 9 &5 , 2 , 2 P > # 7 #q F] S A(
S > SH l G 7 72 S ' q − d# W B, l , ƒ1` − yz
− W, =6 C 8 3 B 3 ') D Q& 'FY [ !XE Q V I #? & P S &>:
; q4 , /+ D & : .S ( : BI I& > D @/Q& − V ! :Y 1, 0 ?: 6
,C : > C #c3 L AF > & @ /@ P= 0 ! F: w $ & - :Y !! ( ˆ /!
5 6 ) > D /& B6 ?? #2 (; 7 S %- # # ! >*E. X # 5C ?
". # +" B# E Y 8 >" H B >• =6 X 7 # M #, '
/AF "-/& L 7 X/ c DY D ,& {m' # I 5: 'c4 =6 B7 ???D ] & 7 @

f .I a =6 !!{ BS ???V ! 8 , n - E
7 − V#@E , T @ V ! =6 B7 V ` @ 1 B? D E V#c 2 8 @ . #H
=6 j# F ???1 # XE ] ? 2: # ] : − !M ( W •H!& : ? d$ 6
:Y €^ : k% 8 UI =6 0 ? DY 8 @ P= ' ,. # H 8 ,
#, & c − : − 6 : S% ( "l V ! E ? D^ '( B; , 8 @ DY???. # H
8 S% 6 F !/#<7 : B# @ > 8 , 9 Z /[U : =6 , 6/#I & 0 H Î
? %F ((' ,V /H 9 Z ( C.c -/ B# : ,. # H 5 E3 I(
L > S# L ,#- S O lO €^ D3 $/ C #23 > /AF FE : # #H L
B, X /l − 6 , S( / : # 2 q BI I ~ .S ( # , X /$ V ! DY !L 3
> S-/ F 1- & !. , M #, # #7 & Z "l!& : B, 5 W& /; n - − 9 =7
& S@ W :Y − − /F B >(@ Zx- !8]( .2 S F F ,B
#- B` : ,f . , . I -B FY ! E E/, o & ' ( ]F B 6 =6!V W&
,. # H *I# q k I $ -/ " ##, ! " 5 /AF *F 7 Dx- !1 . #H
# o ]( B .6 ,X 2 #I # 'c4 - , 5 = f-/& D^ {/2 E /A(-
'@ S#- V & . 3 X/ *I# =6 Dx- , S# o ?4 { #@ : !! #, /
/W > # /AF 5# #H C S#- V , + 5 I I- # E 73
o ?4 8 ]#- , q ' > {/` /AF 8 , D /Hl& q1H * < D a & : [ W 3
C #2 C ƒ1` : B C 1- ƒ1` #- J !F #- (-1` DY [ ! ' F^7
S( L 1- D L !!5: % 9 &> # 9 Z /#\ #? #? C
> ‰ W `: B6 # 1 o ?Y 1- RR0 ' B6 D I S( V ! X F X 21
!!!k#% *' , =6 ( !!! l, 9 & E
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h 6 m n6 0 h <[ m) V! - 0 6 6@ `F ? l "I6 <67 4
"W? - ; k m! & o6/ g pq + ^C6 ; 3 40 , O6& 1! 18 = ]
? u6)7. h 9 : r[+ 64 46s ! 18 1 6 F0 -D t8B = D % ; P 6 : 18 18
:1 C C ' 6G +!
p k " ! 6 0−2 , 6G 40 8K8 ) *! <, 8. " ) 0 " %K& d ! 6 −1
18 ) 4 M d ! 6 0 −3 , 6G 40 8K8 ) J! <, 8.l " 0 " ) %K& O !
i ) C m8 <[ 4 %) J8 G %] y'? k "I6 9 :0 ,18 4 M O !0
02 67) 0 ! 6 8z 18 ) 4 M ]E %) ; bG 36) 6@ 0 6!: 0 18@8 %; ! 6@#
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% ; 46M 8z ]E %) ; >G 6@ 0 ;6 0 18@8 -78 ; J{ ! 6@# " 6 i )
1G_ r 6)) @! ? 2 l 1{ 0 8 & 0 _? 0 "4 " . 6@# 18 1{ %K&
d _ % ; ^,V @ 1 ? 18 8#0 6 _0 ` 6 =6 D 18 "W? 6 6). ; : ? 18 ) 4 M
8z 6@7& " C6_ 18 18 "W? g| 6 q F 0 h - /0 8 ; Q % _ /
PF ] _? 3 4 P > - : 0 h _2 3 4 g ! } + 9 # 6# 0 h
" | % LK ! " ) a8G & " g| P >.– ^ 8 67 # ; 18 ) "W?

h 1 I6 18 "W? LK& @ ` ! ? * ! - h <6 ? 3 4 P 6@ 0 , "I6 0h6 " ) 0
6@ C ) bG 6@ 50 67 C m8 4: & 5k 1G8G_ 8z 67 6 ! 6 18 ) "W? 3 4
67 6 ! 0 l - /0 8 ; Q L _ Q /C C m8 . 9 : 8z 0 L) @ 6 1!0 0 1 8 j
b! 6'? 0 h 1 ? 18)M = > 18 =6!$ "> k 64 4 s 8z 67) @ ? 1G8G_
6) {&B "!0 & 6 q F -D , l ); o ? 8 a8j & k l 1 ? 18)M ) 1G8G
L 6 Q L 67 - 6)j . "!0 & ,V! - 0 h "8 & L ; =[!0 & 9 # n & "8 / % ;
~=67 6 &@ `8@F 8 n F@ L 6 4 7. ,
L 6 V 46M L ; =67 6 &@ FC :h 6 4 ^ 8]? 1 ) L ; ,8# & FC 0 −
] P D0 ; \ 6+8/0 () K8/ "!0 & 6 F00 "!0 & C : 0h 6) {&B 0 "!0 &
l / 0 Q L 30 .k 6 6@# L 6 Q L - Y! p Y! & L 6 V n g
l87−86 i 1} fC6 & C – 18@8 ! k <[ 4 g ,#C−
l A)8' fC6 & 6 - [. 88 " fC6 & 7p" ! ! 6 − : 02 F −k
88)M " fC6 & p " ! ! 6 0 " 88 8 fC6 ?" pq + 3C 6 40
l 88)s 8 fC6 ? k pq + 3C 6 40 l 6 aF 4 < @ 6.
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n j @ < h ?6> # ! - 0 9 : aj ! - ? :6@ l ] 68 ; # a8F & 17F " F 6@#k
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: B @ : .(FY" B; @ 8 @ !B@ /'( : -1 ` J !& 5 & 8 , Dx- ?D1- L

Y ƒ/WF F^- ,u‰ : … t . H, . , B# < P ( 6 * ` ZY uMt •( #(A
y … - J@ & P ( . H, ( =6 V- 0/ D I "I uMt •( .(h B ^&
=6 k I w l 9 Z L F (FY ( @ DY ?| Z #( ( B ,F w $ P^ B; , =6 ,"
J ! /6 h •( =6 8 , 2 B' 0 ( - ( $ ,- ,/) 8 , #5
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> # I 2 ( ÈB@ '& . ‰ W( f #(A ,M ( f
B, ( ( o ]( /SA !u ? S ^& D ' D 1l-t B ^ B &. #(A : (
5 [Y > 6 B+ . , L ] "H, n1+Y 6E #, X @ # ,& Y J !
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|= $ ] -, : .(h ‰ W( 9 & > /6 A ( =6 D^ (
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8 ]( ( # ( DY 8 , − ( =6 B,( . X c" − W 2 /F
6 P= . , "H, y 6/6 h D3 uy & t 8 U& D k% G /#\ C :
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R/#W "# I 6 C.c < 7 j# F F
k6 = D1H #- * < ,B,( " B, y & L #- /, 7 L1 4 „#c k ' (-
( B7 :B, / Fx- ,5 W ‰ WF " B @ /@ #- # ' C:U6
:B,( / Fx- P‚ / B< E/ L , > RRB@ >P 1- B, X /l d#
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# #, X @ B 3 a#2 .6 . t y ( . ,( A . , "H, ,&

#( U B# L ] y =6 D 7 ,1 y & : ZY ,B+ = u S# o ]F :
!C.c > # 3
6&# 1! g 6@ % ; 18@8 `)B S: 6− 1 I , HI =6 k& 7 8 ,
6@. i ) jC6 ! 6 6 -7 2 K! -7 -7@7 0 ,-78 ; 68 <6 0 fC6 & C
V! - 0 6 6@ `F ? l "I6 <67 4 ` k 3 K.C -7 6 \ 6] 6 0 3 -7 ; *. 0
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S , > B+ y 9Z C• ( − ~ ` #, X @ SI ( S( ; + B7 * z`
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F # ' L1 4 „#c "(c .6 # B, ,& B, B,( $ (
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4 %) J8 G %] y'? k "I6 9 :0 18 4 M O !0 18 ) 4 M d ! 6 0S
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% ,#C p ] ^ %) ># "@&G 1 ? 18)s 18 ) 4 M 2 1 40 02 67) 0 ! 6 8z
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T :
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( ., ( 9 Z "? / : ?u ,#, > 1+ F 7 " t 6 , > # •( y

D 'DB :? 6 7 ‚: $ D 7 , A 7 # H@ F 7 V, =•(#2
u =7 =7 •( /6 h # ) L ] ( 7t M 3 B+ ( E , /h ( 9 Z B,
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1G_ r 6)) @! ? 2 ;"I6 9 :0 ,18 "W? O 0 18 ) 4 M d 6 50S
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! ; } + 9 # 6# 0 , 8z ‹@7& " C6_ 18 18
| P >. ,^ 8 67 # ; 18 ) "W? PF ] _2 3 4 P > - :50 ~ _2 3 4
T~"I6 50 ~‹ " ) 0 " | % 5 LK ! " ) a8G & "

1# E /h ( (A D ' D 8 2: : % o :5 , H 5 =6 // =6
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, , mI C /, : L P‚ / I2 -!B,( /6 h S 6 S , D , q^
# H, # , B;: Fm #- /A( B^ "?/F D Y − 5 t : #- 8 @ I ` I@ /
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6 S( E / -/ > $Y .? ` d?/ a B,( #(A /6 A > /A( # =•(#2
(F 6Z > ; , . , B# D1H / ) FC ? B ,d?/ |Z ? Dx- RR -1` L /6 A
u! F , = S @ 7 # ,( /6 A 9 & ( • @ ( • @ #( U B# ( & ,C•
0 >6 & . B, @ ( &=` P= W b $ uB, t ( /2
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l/ ,{ 6 k2 / ' D ' D :Y , : #(h ‰ W( •F > # Y k6Z .(h B ^&
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# 2 /#'( /6 h -/ J ' 6 2 {/F D D E W D/@ / , #-
q^ #(h q^ 9 & X/6 A :E ( C ,1 9 & > B` = ~ ) L ] {
D ,*- S . , B# =S :Y C.) : S( B; @ : ? 1 ^& oz! ! # H@
!8 , # FE/ 17 & E/ F . , , # , #- /'& / B^
k2 : { 6 k2 y 3 > j# - B,( , L ,o F^ =6 J Dx-
!!
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T? 8 6G g 6 % "8 6# : ? d 6 h 68 ; m8 0 68
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R - K (# 2 FEE :Y ,C / : ( @
B# D ' O , D ' D # ,L1 4 „#c L17 k#, =6 k& 7 ( 8Î P= n/
/ / &>C # B#< V P= 0 /H$: B ^& ( /SA , # , F ' D ' D # H@
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L , 6 . H@ P ( 6 uB, B# Et =6 8 , ˆ B, k2 B' 0 d //
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!LE .( ( J# ' ‡ ( L 6 I F B,( > br @ − n1+:
W D 7C ,5:: . H@ 6 8 2 − L1 4 „#c / / & > − L1' ( ? -
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,uB, ,&t 7 ! / S- ,E/% B, ( /2 : F &/7Z /' 8 @
n/- &]# & 'F 9 Z ! I? C l 3 B?/ ‚1 ' L‚1 ( =6 D ' #
‰ W( /6 h 6 @ 6 $ . #, 8 3 9 :Y S 7 # I
E S ? q − (I B63 # ! J; + /; ]& 7 − D ]& , # W FC ?
!!† ‚ B$ ,- S ` ,B, 5 # H@ S ? & X /$ q B ,Œ;
dW : dW wl S $ #7 #, 8 L ! B6 " : @ Dx-
"?/A( V; /+ #-
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=6 /2 ZY F !! 5 ( (W ; : , l n/ ;8 3 9 &0 dW
2 # #& L17 > C ? ,/7= J P‚ / D F @ − : − .( : , (
"t D (- /; > S#l&/F #, 8 =G =6 f Dx- , I@ f ,-
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S : 7c ,,H @ .6 !! S ? & B, 5 # H@ D D ] ,5 W ‰ WF "
(2 /@ w $ P^ - RR =7 =7 B - $ - ^- , # ) ( 9 /SA •F *N @
Y 9 Z > "? B6 ?w l =6 > ?? ( /SA : =6 # ) ( /SA =6 D
? 6 =6 ??? @ 6 , 5 W& D (h Y L D Ž & 7 S#- o ]F : # , 5 # H@
!B,( − & @ B, P − B, ' ,&
% ) "8 46s0 Ì6 % "8 8 fC6 & " : 6 o ]( B DY k& ' 8 , (
6 40S 8 , ZY 5 W 0 > J; H #- * ` 9 = .( 6 "6K! Ì6 0 a8G
m` FC ? •( /6 h , , P= Y B, L , S- = T"!0 & 6@ % ; JF0
=6 j# - :Y !L ] y | Z / /,& E/% ,. ,F : . , ƒ 1 W 8 @
2 ,/#<7 : B# @ > 8 , 5 # H@ = •( /6 h 8 @ ] (2 E P= L‚1
L Y: J /#\ €^ B ^& Y ,•( /W X/6 A : ? /h ( ƒ/W(
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# ) L ] "H, F ?u1< t 8 ]( ( /6 h # ) L ] "H, B, D D Ž B6
: #) ( L] #- D ! 6 B ,D #H I : =6 D : ?/W " I ( /6 h
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" F \ I : Z - ,f B ^ X @ > X/ c3 J; + # ƒ1! D \ I F 7 DY
/ #, , # ,& , /+ .( t X 2 #, , /H D " ? # S% ]
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P^ ' ,k : . H@ 6 d# , ~) B? ] ](& ( 6 . H, DY D ,
S @ t ‰ W( ~ 5C ? . 5 W /6 h . F = / /,& ( =6 5 [Y L] . , "H@
. H, ( D @ , S ^& Sl & ,u. / qI l, JI W
?5 W * [ B7 ~) . ( uu/#W "# I 6 C.c < 7 j# tt & @>
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8 , Y 2 S, I . ‰ W( /6 h 6 ,- , S , #F F # I ~ *( c
! S7/& 0 ?
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B ?? 7 ( ( ? ` L Q " I% " ( > 1` E =6 D ' , F 6 :Y S ,#,2 :
, F P= ( /W " I B7 = # ' 2 ' 8 @ DY , =6 ' E
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., #E & @ ,/ 23 •( =6 B ? RRu #2 % # I% t ]( P (
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( D3 6/#\ : Cl : k7/ j# & (- uC l k7/ t 9 @
F ,n ! j# , ' V ! = 6/6 h Q d /W d$ 6 7 k#7z
5 # H@ q L , S# V H . H ! 5// 9 & H ˜ , S B ^-! &
RD I , S#- W m` FC ? •( /6 h q , ,B,
− Î q 7 ??u S n - t & @ S- > @ & W DY 8 @ P= : #F [
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6/Hl P Q /6 h > % ,b $ E / ( S S- . / B?/ ,# D3
9 Z D 7 - :Y !!! /#\ •( =6 #,#,2 D 5 [Y X H! 6 €^ # (& Y
‰ W( 9 & B 2 − . H, . , B# − ,, X I *F 7 , ,2 9 =7
S < D #, I B, W /#H! ( =6 B< ???? =6 D 'I F '- , 6/6 h
> S . , 6$ S( .$ S# C z- =6 ??? ( M ( / = & F # D 'I
D/@ > 3 o ?Y ‚: D ' D E I- 7 !!D , & (7 # ? S , •,(& S( E
8 B > ( 5 'I V D 7 − B@3 − ,B+ SI F W
!! F # / /, . X c" ,
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Sl FC ? B ???B# | Z ^- ,B ^ Y # ? S IF , #(# PZ !: 7
!u. X @ " t F /@ # "#()& /#'F (&^ , ( /6 A /#I &
L #@ k I 8 ^& F DZY * [ ( @ ,/6 A ( *[ S( 8 ^& S( 8 , P=
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!! ' , 5 # H, S @1 : , ( * ? $ {/` ; /, B - Fx- 5 W 0
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!!0/@ BS% Y =6
F. f & B# , k H =6 = /I- S( y - S( 8 , P=
????f & − (# Y ( •( 8 L − ( . W 5 ' E/% D L !y -
,, J$ 6 ^- uD1,< S ' †/ ( t /#I & > 9 Z @ P= G < 8 <
( •,( Y .l #, L # ,< †/ # FY & @ /6 h DY w@ B@ B, Fx-
F^ ,D @ ! ˆ 7 †/ 9 Z Yˆ F^ − 1< − .2 D^7 , #@ ! & I
! /# 7 9Z & F RR S 0I †/ # =S - D^c D^c Q)
: /#\ E S P= B; , 8 ,7 ¢ E K E # Fx- : ^& :/ /? 8@
B; , 8 , @ 9 @ |/ > ?^ : ( 9 †/ &^ ' \/ &3 , Q) BQc
B? @ 9 =7 ¢ # * @ #- 5=` P : . ) *\/- @ ¢ . *\/- @ ¢ BQc : P=
k#<F ¢ . B6 k@ (- ¢ % jF4 S 7/ > =`^F ' ( { ' †/ ( } : š ([
RB ^ B6 8 @ 9 Z > ( @ P= ( R H B6
D1,< S ' †/ ( " & @>M +. . 8 @: 2 /#<7 8@
@ XE @ 8 @ # =6 | l 8 @ =7 † - 6 BQc j# E & # 8 @"

: ' ( P ! 8@ ' .l,( P " ' †/ ( " i /? 8 @ , ! † /- FE
9F=`v 8 , BQc 9 \/ &3 8 ,# / L17 > ƒ / 6 C.c C.c Q)
B7 I "d# W > C ? 7 % jF4 : D1,< " D1,< S " & @ R 9&/\
" % jF4 D1,< " W a 2 > " % jF4 :Y " > " # ,< :Y C.c
M ?u† - 6 t : & ( .$ M 8 , F J#7 ,C• S^ F^-
5 = •,( ( =6 D 7 \ > D 7 /& L ??? L1' > 0E3 I '
!D I ,L , M š * /$ . JI S% [ S(' 17 ?? &
#, L F F ( > 8 'cY 1- ,dW L ( .$ ( /[3 =6 d C ,8 @
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8 Q c: F]% B\ c ( Qc ZY (- ! ( Q)7 F Qc D^ 2 B, ZY , F &Z
P / m! =6 > 8 , - !BQc BQc Q) 1- F 6 , /#Q
( " I k @ > ", P= ,J ! # E & DY 8 ,F , /#\ ( .$ M
?? =6 :Y =• BQc : ,9 †/ & @ F # 0 *F J#7 ( 8,
? ( ( 2 (FY 8 , 2 ,C.c C.c Q) F : •,(& ( =6 L] 1-
j F>0 I 9Z ( #A & 6 FY !!! ( 2 . 7 u. , "H, t /6 G <
! BQc =• j# ZY , ( k#6z " I
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,( + L‚ . F " ,J I /#\ M 8 ,( 6 7 /6 h 2=
R , F F /@ F
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‫‪R. 9F‬‬ ‫(‪??B,F P B, P ??B,‬‬ ‫@ ‪B, L‬‬

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18 E 9 6)4 P 6# " : #- 8 , F > 6 2 7 L1' B$ -3 2 .( ,- ,
3 4 n6 8z ]E "8 / 9 6)4 6# 6@ Q <6 ' . ! 67 [] @! ^ B6
8 1V8& L4 187 <6 '26. ,9 : 8z ` 0 ~18 ) 8z = 0 <6 '2
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Spencer, R. (2012), Did Muhammad Exist? An inquiry into Islam’s obscure origins, - 14
USA: ISI books, Intercollegiate studies Institute, Forward by Johannes G. J. Jansen, pp.
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Nobody has been able to move out of the perceptions that exist in the brain. Everybody lives in
the cell that is in the brain, and no one can experience anything except that which is shown by
his perceptions. Consequently, one can never know what happens outside of his perceptions.
Thus to say "I know the original of matter" would in fact be an unjustified presupposition,
because there is nothing that could be held up as evidence. The observer deals with the
images formed in his or her brain. For instance, a person who wanders in a garden full of
colorful flowers can in fact never see the actual of the garden, but its copy in his brain
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Some people, under the influence of materialist philosophy, think that matter is absolute
being. Some of these people believe that God exists, but when they talk about the existence of
God, and where He is, they display their ignorance. For example, if they are asked "Where is
God?", they will ignorantly answer, "Show me your intelligence; you cannot. So, God is a reality
like intelligence, but you cannot see it." Others assume in their own minds (God is surely
beyond that) that God has an illusory existence like that of radio waves. According to their
false view, they themselves and the things they possess are absolute existence and God's
existence encompasses this material existence like radio waves. However, what is illusory is
they themselves and the things they possess. The One Absolute Being is God. God's existence
embraces everything. Human beings are in no way absolute beings but a transient image
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Someone who knows that, apart from God, everything is a shadow existence, will say with
certain faith (at the level of Haqq-al yakin – truth of certainty) that only God exists and there
is no other deity (or any being with strength) besides Him
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Someone who learns this truth understands that his own existence has the quality of an
illusion, and grasps that a being which is an illusion will not be able to see a being which is
absolute
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Certainly, we human beings cannot see the Being of God with our eyes but we know that He
completely encompasses our inside, our outside, our views and our thoughts
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Certainly God, Who is Absolute Being, knows every aspect of the human beings He has
created. This is a very simple thing for God. But some in their ignorance may find this hard to
understand. However, when we observe the impressions we think are the "external world",
that is, as we lead our lives, the closest being to us is not an impression, it is clearly God. The
secret of the verse "We created man and We know what his own self whispers to him. We are
nearer to him than his jugular vein" (Surah Qaf: 16) is hidden in this fact. But when a person
thinks that his body is composed of "matter, the absolute entity,” he cannot conceive of this
important reality; this is again because he thinks that the nearest thing to him is his body
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For example, if this person conceives of his existence as being his brain, he does not admit
the possibility that there is a being closer to him than his jugular vein. However, when he
conceives of the fact that matter is not absolute and that everything is a facsimile that he
experiences in his mind, then concepts such as outside, inside far and near have no meaning.
His jugular vein, his brain, hands, feet, his house and his car that he thought were outside
himself, even the sun, the moon and the stars that he thought were so far away, are all on the
Rsame plane. God has encompassed him all around and is eternally near to him
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If you ask any scientist or professor of neurology where they see the world, they will answer
you that they see it in their brains. You will find this fact even in high school biology text
books. But despite the fact that it is clearly evident, information pertaining to
the fact that we perceive the material world in our brains and the results that this
information entails for human beings can be overlooked. It is of major significance that one of
Rthe most important scientifically proven facts is so carefully hidden from people's eyes
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http://www.harunyahya.com/articles/50wahdatulwujood.php
Having misunderstood the essence of the subject, these people claim that what is explained
as the secret beyond matter is identical to the teaching of Wahdatul Wujood. Let us state,
before all else, that the author of this book is a believer strictly abiding by the doctrine of
Ahlus Sunnah and does not defend the view of Wahdatul Wujood. However, it should also be
remembered that Wahdatul Wujood was defended by some leading Islamic scholars including
Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi. It is true that numerous significant Islamic scholars who described the
concept of Wahdatul Wujood in the past did so by considering some subjects found in these
Rbooks. Still, what is explained in these books is not the same as Wahdatul Wujood
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Some of those who defended the view of Wahdatul Wujood were engrossed by some
erroneous opinions and made some claims contrary to the Qur’an and the doctrine of Ahlus
Sunnah
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They, for example, completely rejected the creation of Allah. When the subject of the secret
beyond matter is told, however, there is definitely no such claim. This section explains that all
beings are created by Allah, and that the originals of these beings are seen by Him whereas
Rpeople merely see the images of these beings formed in their brains
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Saying that matter is an illusion does not mean it does not exist. Quite the contrary: whether
we perceive the physical world or not, it does exist. But we see it as a copy in our brain or, in
other words, as an interpretation of our senses. For us, therefore, the physical world of
matter is an illusion. The matter outside is seen not just by us, but by other beings too. The
Angels Allah delegated to be watchers witness this world as well: And the two recording
angels are recording, sitting on the right and on the left. He does not utter a single word,
without a watcher by him, pen in hand! (Surah Qaf: 17-18 Most importantly, Allah sees
everything. He created this world with all its details and sees it in all its states
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,L /' #c 8 23 9 & > D ' B ,8 2 > I I X , ( D O @ FY [
& @ L E ,w@ kF= # D7 F ‚ ZY ~ C S I C:U6 •, F J#7 B ^ -
| E @9 I I S( 2 {/& @ 9F .( 6 ! , u Ft # F=
F > ? W S#- / /#! # F= f > # ‚ %FY 7/& #F
B D :Y P= D I- , , H I ( =6 j ( , ` J ]#% : =6 " ,9 Z
D / q ‚ c LT Z > q B' S @ D , 6 , f#,( o B6
!(
I23 F3 & # / 8 Y0 ? S @, ] ( 8 -3 # )&
d 3 I23 =6 - Rd 3 I23 :Y B : , #F X# > S d 3
B? V ! >D ' kI : , 6 #, d 3 I23 FY ? 8 , S
D7 F ,k#Q J ` ".S 4 zI " d @ X 21 { ~ ? =6 ! '2 1
D '- !C I > j ) S( 2 {/ 7 š S( S( z , ! /#! /
S) ~ ? D 7 ,{/` X , < # )& M #, XE 4 B > #) M #, ~ ?
# / 8 Y DY ,- ! # " / [ I F B+ B 3 9 Z 5 [x , # ) B ,< (
-/ YE P S 1- , I2 6 B - J ! D ,2 > ‚ % : F3 k? #
M #, B 3 : Yt X 21 ' & P= d# , ' # :Y =6 C.c P^- R 8 W&:
> , ! I F /SA : uD W & F t ( d , FY * @ #2 u K E Y S -
? # P Y S /#- #F
D7 , & F ,IF 6 ? :Y 5 E 4 8 -3 & k% :
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Y 6 2 "?/ , & V2 > . , d# , #I n/+ #, /+ # n/ F D L ,
R #, I P/H d#?z /`v L , (# ,.I# 4 . B 3 =6
:‫ك‬t 0‫ ا‬y $0‫ ت ا‬4\‫ ل وإ‬$ .‫" ا‬4 % H- | * ‫۞ا‬
5= 5 # P ( | zc E ? . (F (F .( : 8 -3 # )& /= D Y ( .Q (
: ,* [ d# P ( | zc: DY B R #@ ! 5 , & 8 -3 5
>‚ % : ( > | zc: ' ! # F ( > : 7>: B, F D ((' ( (-/
V ! M #@ > 9 = ",#- #- $4 G C Y D IF4 ‚ % D o/) > : B,
!,`
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RL J > /` C.c " 7 zc Y /A( ,C #c3 C.c 5 = 5 = 8 S%
[ 6]7/ # (# - I BA I- S# |/ & Dx- [ , /7 y 3 DY :8 ,& D <
6y 3 J 8 S% D 7 (6 Ru S /7 L A F (S6 B< W #I t
q^ V, & - R 6]7/ S 8 , † / > H,F # S# |/ C.c B7 # - I
# S H H,F B7 # - I P I& 6/H@ 5 [ X/' 5 D O , •#S /7
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S% B @ *F 7 . y 3 Y ,u # (S W; W` E/% . (6 B'c .6
# 6]7/ # -I D '& D k% X/7 B7 D M #, *F 7 RkF % =6 > J
RdHI 9 Z "$ P > I S H ‡ ,( "# ?
" ,5 E ? j ; + * & ", " C /, : 6 ( FY {/& 7 =6
o % > ƒ/ F ( 2 ,5 ! , / & 51[ ? S- ( ^ I#@3 8 Y
, =7 =7 :Y 5 E 4 5 Q I F > D '& 1- , =7 B - ZY F & D IF4 D ƒ/ F
C /, 6 (-/ . I#@3 9 & /` Y , =7 =7 #, #, & , =7 =' B & -D
# /) k RL I@ ƒ ( > S #(W& 5@ ! ( 2 {/F #- 5 ~ )
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.6 S % F ( S -/ *F 7 ,ƒ ( 3 9 & J( B7 > % ‚1 5 W
I F J#(W Y > B ,| Z J(W =6 > – #@ – È >kI
F "X/; E" "X/7" FY B') 8 , S ? . 5 W o % (-/ 7 & ,M 3
' F X /l (- , [ 2 /'& B, ]#% •E 2 u5 Z t C.c ' F ( E - R9 Z
,/`v Y 6 2 ' B,F ,f Sl u & Zt E /- M #@ B, ]#% o F J(
. ( /' y z-: ? Y |z) J >P ( | zc: 2 9 = ‚ %
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9 k? & . ( , Dx- , # ‚3 # 3 6E / F B, k? XE/ 5Z 'F (
"( & . SI F .6 ,5 W #@ ! 5 Z" ( > |z)& X / # 5=
V /+ u S -3 5 = t #- $Y 5 5 [Y Y S >P ( | zc: 9 Z ‚ %&
•E B# & : !1 /#AF # c U 7 S D ' : k% q 6 L F3 ,M #,
BI I .S ( ,1 ~ B & •E B7 B ,XE/ 5= 9 & ˆ/! E ? > •E
#l , 5 W 3 9 k? B, ! 6 2 S# Y u + @ 0 3 B7t ~
I > B S & 3 # ? 7z) G .6 ,B# 9Z

XE Y /#Q k#7/& '& • 2Y ", D B, 1- R1 ~ :Y dW : B# D3 ,B#
(#( 6 − L] ,XE 4 J 3 > D ' D k? - ,k…7/ D … ' B - { u1< t
( '& #7/& 1 - • & q^ J & D d 5 Z B7 " ( > 7z) D ' D – (S6
/) L E F^ u1< t 8 , Y | zc: 9 Z ‚ N % D dW : ' R{/`^ X W ,# !&
! #@ ( [ 2 n I 4 9 ='- , S ( S[ 2 D @ I 9 =7 6 #F
P V2 > uV / & # )& #I,& J#(W& I t M #, o ( D 9 # (6
7P ( | zc: V H o ( ( L] : ,uC 1 8 3 . ‚3 , F B 6 P= t
| zc: M #, #5 . X 21 /6 5 I F - ,L1' B6 ‚
– 1< – W |z) ( (& [Y L] 1- R #@ 7 %- V ! V2 > P (
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( 5 [4 X‚ % =6 ! I 7 9 Z &^ J 2 (; 7 ( 2 #-
9 = > $Y J 5 [Y Y u (& Q > , F 7 ( V H 6 P= t |z)
( !& *F 7 j F > 9 Z• 2 6 : , #@ ( 2 5@ ! " :Y (
– 8 ]( 7 # - # 7 •( C? {/` #& Z 5 [Y D H ‚ - R=• @
] #- ' @ - S ( @ ,9 Z F #2 % k7z f 5 [Y ( L] – 1<
> ( @ S- =6 > S @ D 7 - ? 5 [Y E/% , -: 0 I 7: ( L ]
!9 &
C.c /<7 E/% P Q ( n HFY 6 FY , #@ : S# )& j# P ( | zc:
# | zc: 9 Z ", D > n1+4 8 'cY : ,ˆ ! > # ( 9Z ( 2
(I 7 M ( 7 u S 7 2t ” DY 8 ,F (FY =6 /<7 B !n ! V !
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,F =6 !M #, #- $Y {/` D > | zc P 9 Z C L] D /#\ , ( L &
?/#AF : # c : P= 8 3 V ! J#'- , @ ! [E 2 C #c > WF
S# Q& S 6 %& t V#@ V/ =~ X 21 / 1 BS? (S6 (#( :
P/) #I% " (IF3 " F I * & # S 17 S ÈY ,u ,#, > (
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− C:U6 ] – D E3 B6 ( =6 ,L ] S, ` u! ='6t D IF4 5 S ]FY
D I !]## & 1 D # n1+Y q , H . { 9 & /` Y .; ,& .W .I F
SW B7 D * ‚ , & G V ! * (- * \ 6 ? J; + # w
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? B , /) ? 2 /) 5 # Y * IF & @ ! V ! * ,- * \ {/`
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(I B6 ( X 2 X @ ,M #, "( " P ( | zc: 5 [Y > X , =6 DY 8 ,F
J DY 8 ,F D ‚ % : F '- Rn/- : 8 -3 > 7 #& = 5 W > q O

J DY 8 ,F D 9 =7 ‚ % 1- ,u1< t "P/W kW " D ' D .l , /#W F 7
k##Q& [ D ' : .l , , &E D IF4 S#- . # y 3 5 I V` @ F 7 F
! -/ V2 F -/ @ :Y D IFY 5 : k? ,k#Q Iz
: V2 =S- u1< t S#, I , 8 ]FY B - > , ` f " |z) & DY 8 @ -
|z) ( 5 [Y =6 R ' .l, 9 =7 , ` Dx- , ' .l, D '- ,9c
D :Y ‚ % 1- ,d# @ $ I2 J C l, ' >8 DY B#@ Dx- R #- 8 'cY :
6 ,d# I2 l =S- , #- h : L & 8 F^ :Y ( "@ '2 C l@ J
R S#- ' #- A ' D 9 =7 n ! .$ , d , F3 ,P ( |z) 9 =7
' D8 D 7 ,9 & =6 > =' ' D8 DY 8 , ( '

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2 w# : (# + 24 L & D , ! w# 6 ,,` M, : &
M #@ : Fx- C.c > F ' ( -, F Cc :Y / C.) : S(
= ! '2 D ' D @ ! .l, , ' .l, #- '2
B; I Î > ' D V ! k? ' J VH D . D B@ j#
! =7 D E =7 , ! B D , =' : ='
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,5 W 8 -3 & Y kI(O #- /A( > . , d# , #I VH L 0
o @ ] %& ,1 8 - B# ' . F Y C:U6 E/ > X/ c3 * 6Z 7
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W& E/% D IFŸ BW E / V H @ b1H . , d# , #I - R 8 ,F
: ?Y (I G ]## & E @ D IF4 ZY , # 0 Y 0 I( B W (
#l , J C 9Z & Y kIF - ,: ?Y #, G – Q >–
d# , #- I ]## & , B, Dx- , # ( C• l @ B, > J 9Z
@ Y 8 / €^ ZY ,1 S @ %2 # / * @ =6 : RB 3 a#2
/AF a J '& /#\ t9 Z> WI # 0/ | /c4 D [ 3 XE 6 S(#-
E/% #l , J V ! V (c d , 6 ( . , ' 6 u %?
!B = o l! XE > ,` C.) 7 /cY

V2 > # @ .S- ,]% BS% •,( u ‚: j# 6( ,#,2t S ,#,2 B7
edc m : &8 @ 75 W C 3 I2 :Y ,2 > ‚ % 1- ,• 6 &
j# P ,/W #7 # % c m! ,& #- ,“180 : ƒ / 3 ’ v l hgf
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Z !& ZYt 3 5 W - E /-3 E & :. ( /' 9 =7 ,#,2 !X• /$ 9 Z
.6 , 2 o F 2 j(? #- D ' FY =6 > &: 2 ( #-
P /l f@ ( F3 H@ V ! V2 > d# @ =6 u S , F 7 /[ ' ,#,2
: j(% & : E & 1- ,C.c S [ : S•- ' : . X 2 3 F^ & | &
, 9 * @ { W( {/& =S R S,2 > 9 Z ‚ % : „ ( & : & : /[ ' &
5 W 9 &G P t "€ 61 " D #' 9 Z 5 W& > •# •#2 > * @ , #()
6 . S "# " 6L # # 6 B6 ,C I C # ^7 Y 6 P= u SI F
# 3 " %& J#'- ,C 1 < .‚ 8 F^ D , 6 /& ,9 Z /#\ L "L (@3 "
> + G J 6 RB, : =6 !? =!& @ " " F^ C.) J " u # ‚3 t
R S% =6 H@ d# @ - ,d /W P Q C l @: , H : B,
/) "-/ 2 ,0= k W# y 3 Y 8]F @ 4 DY { W( @ > 8 , =6 B<
X‚ ]& : k? B, D3 # 0/ V# : ,B, X /l d# @ B - =6 RLE S# #•H`
8]F @ #' 8E V ! 0/ DY 8 , ( - , '&/ C.) D IFY =` U : ,{/` ‚
S7 Z n ( ^ S, @B @ 0/ D 7 . LE •#H` 9 = - k W# " #2 ("
,/) 8 - M #, -/ F : #T h =S- , : S#- S D ' D /#\ , S ]
S# •#H` > S ' ZY ,LE ZE2 u Q d / >t kF= ( J !& FY

DY :Y S / Q& qY 8 , 2 ,C •#H! 9 & S@ ( ^ V & J#'- ,1 6 Sc :
!? S ? k @ d#I D^ (
8 - M #@ 9Z ' # 0 V2 > G =6 d , '2 B, D 6 )
X /l l@ ( , I F > L ] ( E I- Y d# , "?/ D 7 FY , #@ ! 5
R & F 8 7 B7 :Y dW : V2 > B,
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=7 9&= 1 B *(7 , >M 9F k6 : S , & Sl /l P= B<
9 Z /#AF R # / B #- 9 Z F(B F 9 ='- ? S W =7
? #, I d W 2 =7 =7 B *(7 ,| 0=K D /& 0 9F W& : S @
M/Q F #2 /Hl k# H {/& : : S @ < ! #F X# > ( #- & 9 ='-
6 0/$ Y F #2 /Hl& L3 {/& : ? % D B? 1Y f/ I? > X/ 4
>M D 6 F < 3 =6 > E I wQ ? !E 0/ B ='S- ? EU
– 9c : – " H( =6 , #F X# > , ` '2 L ' 8 n ! /)
# / B @ & DY d# W- Rn ! =# n ! M 9 Z @1
' E J# '& > & '2 # )& ' ,X/`v /#` #F /#` #- /) #
# )& 6 , F 6/' C.) + / >M ' 1 ' & F3 L = 8 -3
k# H R B B 03 > 8 , 9 =7 ! &= 1 M @1 *I# , ! V !
, / ,& #, "d? 3 /#! " 6 # ? S?1 D3 ˆ1 1 9 S $/ 2 |z
X E @ .6 I # & `Y f |z& 6E: k E^& ‰/ & L3 9 =7
B " #? " " /Hl " S 7 C:U6 D 7 Zx- !9 Z ƒ1` % q3 , S21 Y

& - D )! S /#` k % u6 FD , 7t SI F^ "@ /c 0 ( ?: Y D
& #@ ! 5 =6 B'- ,u9 Z F X] /Q X S) o cY X= X^- ' 7t
!C.c < 7 j#
/ /,& #- D 7 DY F3 ,X 21 %? ( E/ CE > < 3 9 & C.c d : =S
#- |z) H@ d# ( 6 t & 5: 5 E Y > /) /#! # F‚ VH
9 Z W& Y 8 #@ ! 9• M #, 0 d F :Y ,u , ` f " V !
{/F & @ ! > ", D X] 0 l@ ? P= uB# ' ## &t d? / /#!
!/)
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( P= FZ 6: , @1 9 & #l ,& u,` /) F .( t ( #-
6 F S 7 =6 , F /& . ( : (% P= ( # + 6 : , &= 1
/ ,& & | & X] 0/ k% ) S( C.c > j# . { W( I#@ 5 S# )&
'2 l @ ( B' ` ( ( P= (, ` & ! ]( ]FY @ V2
ƒ/W , 6 S#- (, ` . #F =6 > 5:™ 8 2 5 C1 & 8 7 2
ƒ/W ,: L (I F3 u Sl S 7t 5:™ 8 23 1 9 & I IF (7 ZY /A(
5 C1 : 8 23 9 & & ( 5 Q , ' w# F (7 ZY /A(
S M #@ : , - & 6/#Q7 , , ` D ` V ! DY 8 ,F = !: L
/) /c ( "F W : B, < 3 9 & > ~ B< 0T 9& C.c
M #@ : S(' ,kI2 , F P= P Q P ( | zc: k? .6 !"(W C.)
C.c : /) C.c K #l , > : S ‚ > : S ,#,2 > : S
L d$ ( ? =6 !D D ?3 C.c : ,D /) 8 -
=7 ~ B Z - ,D 7 ,2 #( U k 0/ D 7 ZY :8Î b , T
wc B'
L S .,#, 6( & 5 [Y D ‚ B' ( ? 9 =7 6 ? =7
9Z F X/ Q XE Y Y S ^& [ k? - , F # Y •,( IF ( L] , Q /6 A
,#,2 > /) 1[ %& q 6 E >t 5 X 21 S c =6 ! S ](&
U H D :Y S( ?/! ( > ' C1S? ? . ,uAnthropomorphic
! S @ , ,2 > dO , S ](& { ~ C > #
=7 B F :Y ( W O 1- , =7 B DY # #@ X ,7 8 , D < 3 o ( =6 M ^-
D # /c (,2 > I N D3 , : =7 =7 =6 - / F , ] l
: D3 ,9 Z /#\ D ' D d# , , =7 =7 B =6 ( 2 D ' D =7 B F
,2 > ‚ % : , =7 =7 8 -3 ,2 > k% 9 =7 Dx- ,8 W! I2 :Y ,2 > ‚ %
. , ( @ 7 d# , #I > ] , /+ =6 R =7 =7 51# '• 8 -3
> 1, I23 6 =6 D3 , , H E d 3 B - # k% & D^ 8 , Y SF ~
2 /AF > I N Y C:U6 C ? D , & V2 > M #, F 7 ? R -
.@1`3 d#?z > I F 6 ' & . #-/ A( +Y > , , ` (W D S(
/) -/ w# & E 2 > ,8 A /) /#! d , I G W&
> M #, ‚: > 8 -3 I 9 Z B ? [ ,D 7 "F 6 X/ ,
D P= Z -! 2 U 7 ' P= W L #, 23 2 & | &P V2
9 =7 & I2 DZY S- , F/AF > F 2 (I2 5 E 4 8 -3 D7 D ]
D9 P= Z ? : 9 =7 d# @ S- F/AF > #@ F 2 D7 D , :
6D 7C t S I2 6 F / D , ! "(W D & | & X] 0 k?
X , 9 & €^& ?u S W@ S S? 9 =7 F 6 F7 ,#, & S I23
? # 0 8 - V2 > ,8 -3 d# , I ƒ/ P= .@1`3 ' >

,S @ “74 : B ( ’ l \[ ZY XW V UTSRQ m M , 9 8 ,
# P= | 9 :Y D '& : . H ( JW& . 5 v II F LT @
½¼» º m : F @ F 5 v " & ,C.c B7 ; ]` C.c B7 5 '
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k? #- $Y V ! ( * < B6 M #, 9 Z > /A(O D 9 Z > w l , : 8 -3
# f• , D # . ' F L , #@ ! M #, 1 - ,2 > "( 1- #
? 3 M #, n ! V ! #P ( |z) 5 [Y 5 #l ,
, >5 ,n ! Z P #L ,D9 : =# DY : ( @ (F k6 1<
ZY V ! D IF4 B 9 - , ( ., G< +8 3 k? S(#
{ B k2 ( '2 W@ 1 - * < S# )& j# {/& 7 =6 ? (
( F F 7 6 : V ! V2 > d# ( 5 [Y l , ‚ / Y 6 FY ,L ]
M( ZY n ! M # & # |z) ( 6 ,( (
( 9 = ƒ W&: > ' "H,F V2 > 3 M #@ V /+ l , /,F <(- , S (
#- B#@ 2 , ( 17 n - 17 "-/F ( < /) 6 P= n ! Lz F (7 Zx- R|z)
-, ( < E ,! E n ! 6 ,9 Z F u 5/ -/2 .( t
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V2 > I F J ( #l , #- 3 M #@ :Y j# (6 M #, ' ,9 V ! 9
E 2 " L1I # @ E 8 -3 5 W > 3 M #@ R # 0
c /F : , 7 F ,F F |z) ( D (6 M #, X ; - R "uL3 .( t 6 =6
2 D ( ,9 Z F W& Dx- , 6 # 2/& L3 =6 > | F C.c > Sh
>9 Z ", D /#\ , #( U E F 2 A F/ ) ,6 # =6 #( U
>D ' #@ L ] C l @ L ] B#W & /) > /F > $Y ( M #@ ( F
!8 -3 # )& ,#,2 9Z F /) /c /#! /#! L3 / ,&
/'& *F 7 DY EU /l - 6 L3 ‰/ & 7 FY 8 ,F D =6 : B#@ Dx-
B O D .Q ( 8 < =6 ( @ ? ? E "-/ FZ / Q# U . 9 ='- , 3
.( [ P= d# W |z) ( 2 B, ( : #? / / & / O D c =
E% /? (F `Y /#<7 B - RB# ' > M #, Y ,a > L1I #
9 & : q3 =6 Y X/Hl L3 ' " : , 0 ? 6C ? @ 8 < =~ X 21
D '- V ! 0/ , 1 Y Y /Hl& : a# * % 6 # / 3 D7 ,/` #`
"! =6 " 9 Z E@
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# )&t L = M #, 6 FY =S7 8 < E( & B- B# ' >
L3 D {/& : " : ( =6 /2O 8 < D R 0 ? #Y ? 6 ,u8 -3
# ZY U /#! / & 9 ='- ? & P= 6 S 1Y /- /#` ?/&
R M #, Y X‚ % D E |z) ( D# /W @ L , : ,"L , 3 o ? 3
, # /& I & 2 6 L1 Y Y /Hl& L3 D {/& : " : @ B< 2 /2
B# # )& M #, > 9 = "@ S- "o ? 3 L:v #F > #( U . 9 ='-

D B, 6 F F (# , /H$ 9 Z B & L3 D : /, ZY , # $ > '
F F (# , 6 # /& /& L3 D #F [ /, ,1 B? E C.c Y "/Hl " j#
S( 2 D 7 DY ,X W =6 M ,& : #( U C1 & '2 D
/#7=& k , /#SH& kF= X/ Q : F y/ C1 : L1 4 F '2 . - , 6
V! /#Q V # I F ‚ % S#- , / /l 5 `4 o l!
=6 8 < - R1 B? 0/ :Y B# ' > S( : 9 Z /#\ Y , 2
š/ D ' D k% # R F F/7Z P= 0 %0 d (X 5 \ #W
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B, DY S @ ,B / 8 Y Î S (& ( + (F `Y f ( /) ( wQ
S # D D E " 1 6" =6 > E & |z D X/'- u d, ' t. (
#F >B / 8 4 & |/& d , ] , # 6 ,#, > =S- R K #2 d W&
Zx- R & B 9Z ~%Y [ , S21 #- S :E /) S
=~ V 5 Z D C/, ‰ WF /#I & n # > B6 f L1' | & ,9 Z > S )@ F
RF & 8 7 l, ,H & 9 Z 0 ? b/W D C/, D D (A , Î
B 73 6 #- & L17 #- P= D C/, •( D I q 6 ( =6 > w ! k B
#- # / 8 Y B@ 1 B? #- l@ ,` '2 n # > (# =S
JIHGF EDCBA m : @ > (% SH S 6 ? ‚ LE
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مقالات أبي الفداء بن مسعود

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مقالات أبي الفداء بن مسعود

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