THE

N EG R O ES IN N EG R O L A N D ,

T H E

N EG R O E S IN A M E R IC A ;
A N D

N EG R O ES G EN ER A L L Y .

A LSO ,

THE SEVER A L R A CES O F WHITE MEN

C O N S I D E RE D A S T H E I N VO L U N T A R Y A N D P R E D ES T I N E S U PP L A N I E R S
' ‘
D O F
TH E B L A CK R A CES .

A CO M PI L A TI O N , BY

H IN TO N RO WA N H EL P ER ,
A R A T IO N A L R E PUB L I éA N ,

A uth or o f Th e I m p e n d i ng Cr isis Of th e S o th N oj
u ,
”
o q u e , ” an d o the r w r i ti ng s
i n e al of b h f a F r e e a nd W hi te A m e1 i ca .

“c m p a
A o ha t wh i c h i
ss i o n d ca
fo r t b u fu l l ly i d g a di g
s n ot an d fu i l nn o t e se or ove s e r n an t e.

“
,
R W EM A L PH A L D O ER S O N
A m g ci c h b d l p d d f w q u i d cu c pt
.

h on g t e ne ro e s , n o s en e as een d ev e o e an e e s t o n s a r e e ve r is s se ex e
h w h i c h ha i i ma c c i wi h h w a f h mach
, ,

t nt te t e s to

“
ose ve a n on n e t on t e n ts o t .

D L A V ID i v i N G S TO N E
b p d by m a u m b y mic c p b y a a l y ha h y p ca l g i m
.

I h t as een r ove e s re en t s, r os o es , n s es , t t t e t i ne ro s so e
thi g b w child a d a d d a b a I ca
et u gg l a g a
ot h ac d fac f c i c i ns t ts o
’

“
n e en a ,
r , an e s t. n n o t str e t ese s re s en e.
W W R IN O O D EA D E .
O c u y m i g h t w l l ha h u k f m a um i g h g ua di a h i p f h g
ur o n tr e ve s r n ro ss n t e r ns O t e ne ro.
”

G B EO R G E A N CR O FT
ic l W hi a c tha t b a i g w a d th fi m b f ci i l a i d p l ay d i
.
’

I tht is e s tr t y te r es ar e e r n on r e a eau o v iz t o n , as is e n
th Ge ma i c fami li a l
er n es on e.
"
J H C K N O S IA LA R O T T.

N EW YO R K °

A
K L E T O N , U B L IS H E P
v
L O N D O N : 3 . L O W , SO N , co .

MD C C C L X V II I .
 Enter e d , o di n g to A ct O f Co n gr e ss
acc r , i n th e y e ar 1 8 68 , by
G . W . CA R L E TO N ,

In th e Cl er k ’
s O fii ce o f th e D i stri ct Co ur t for th e S o th ern D i st i ct o f N ew Y o r k
u r .
 3 t 11 fi er r i mn n ,

(FO R ME R L Y O F A S H E V IL L E , N O W O F B A L EIG H ,)

WH O ,

as A G OOD MA X,

A S A W I SE AND NA TI ONAL S T A T E S I IA N ,

IT IS H O P E D , A T N O D I S TANT ’

D A Y

A FITL Y R EW A R D E D S E RV ANT O F NORTH C AROL IN A ,

TH E S EN A TE O F TH E UN I T E D ST A TES ,

TH I S V O L U IIE
 CO N TEN TS .

P11 01:
CHA PTER I .

Cann i b al is m i n N egroland
HA PTER I I C .

H m u B t h i s an d H m n S ac i fi s i n N g ol an d
an u c er e ,
u a r ce e r ,

C H A PTER I I I .

H m u Sk l l s
an S d R l i s d O n m t s i n N egr olan d
u as ac r e e c an r a en ,

C H A PT E R I V .

B l oo d t h i s ti n ss
-
d B b i ty o f t h N g o s i n N egr ol an d
r e an ar ar e e r e ,

C H A PT ER V .

Sla v e r y an d th e Sl av e tr ad e i n N e gro l an d -
,

C H A PT ER V I .

H e at h e n ish S up er s t i tio n an d W i tc h cr aft i n N egr o l an d ,

C H A PT ER V II .

F e ti c his m Pr i e s tcr a ft a n d I d o l at y i n N e gr o l an d
, , r ,

C HA PTER V III .

R a n i D o to r s
c ,
an d O t h
o c t o s i n N g o l an d er D r e r ,

C H A PT ER I X .

N k d e s S h m l e ss e ss a n d P os t i t tio n i n N egr ol an d
a e n s, a e n , r u ,

CH A PT ER X .

D run k n n ss a n d D b a c h e y i n N e g o l an d
e e e u r r ,

CH A PT ER X I .

N i g h t C o s al s a n d N ois y an d N o n s en s i cal A c t io n s i n N egr o l an d

ar u , ,

CH A PT E R X II .

I n hos p i tal i t y t o S tra n g s B gg i n g E x t o t io n a n d R o bb e y i n N e gr ol an d

er , e , r , r ,

C H A PT ER X III .

W an g l i n g L aw l s s n ss Pe n y a nd Mis er y i n N egr ol and

r ,
e e , ur , ,

C H A PT ER X IV .

Th e ft as a F i n e A r t a m o n g th e A f i can s
, , r ,

C H A PT ER X V .

L y i n g a a n A cc o mp l ish m en t a m o n g t h e A f i c an s
,
s ,
r ,

C H A PT ER XV I .

D pl i ci ty a n d V e n al i ty o f th e N e g r o e s i n N e g o l and
u r ,

C HA PT ER X VII .

R e v o l ti n g V o a c i ty a n d G l utto n y o f th e N e g r o e s i n N e gr ol and
r ,
VI C O N TE N T S .

PA G E
PTER X VIII CHA .

D i s l ik e o f t h e ir o wn C o l o r by th e N e g r o e s i n N e gr ol an d ,

C H A PT ER X IX .

Co ur tshi p Mar ri a g e an d Co n cu b i n ag e i n N egr ol an d

, , ,

CH A PTER XX .

Mumb o J u m b o i n N egr o l an d ,

C H A PT E R XXI .

F un er al a n d B u ri al R i te s i n N egr o l an d

C H A PT ER X XII .

I n d o l e n c e an d Im p r o v i d e n ce o f th e N e g r o e s ,

C H A PT E R XX III .

Ti mi d i t y an d C o w ar d i c e O f th e N e g r o e s ,

C H A PT ER XXI V .

A fr i c an A n e c d o te s ,

CH A PT ER XX I V .

U tter F ail ur e an d I nuti l i ty o f al l M issio n ar y En terp r is e s i n N egr ol an d ,

CH A PT ER XXVI .

M is cel l an e o u s Pecul i ari ti e s M an n er s H ab i t s a n d Cu s to m s o f th e N e g r o e s

, , , ,

in N e gr o l a n d ,

H A PT ER XXVII C .

H ts H o v l s
u , d H o l s (b t
e , H o s s ) i N g l nd
an e u no u e n e ro a ,

CH A PT ER XX VI II .

G d lD
ra ua s n d P o b bl e E x ti tio o f t h N g o R c
ecr e a e , a r a nc n e e r a e,

C HA PT ER X X IX .

N t l R p l si v
a ur a , d I
e o i l bl Poi t s o f D i ff
u e , an Ph y si c l
r r ec nc a e n e r e n ce , a , Me ntal ,

and M o l b t w n t h Whi t s
ra , e d th B l k s
ee e e an e ac ,

CH A PT ER XXX .

A m i W i t s th N g o
e r can r er on e e r ,

C H A PT ER XXX I .

Mul tto s ; th O ff s p i g o f C i m s g i s t N t
a e e r n r e a a n a ur e ,

C H A PT ER XXX I I .

A lb i os Whi t N g o s
n , d O the C tu s o f P t n t a l W hi t
e r e , an er r ea re r e er a ur en ess

C H A PT E R XXXIII .

I c a si n g P
n re e mi n en ce an d Pr e d o mi n an ce o f th e W hi te R ace s
re- ,

A PPE NDIX I .
,

II .
,
 IN TR O D UCTIO N .

TH E co m p i l er O f thi s v o l u m e d ee m s i t p ro p er t o p r otest
h e r e , at th e ver y o u ts et O f h i s un d er tak i n g , ag ai n s t th e n u
j u s t an d i ll b o d i n g p r a c ti c e o f i n d i s cri m i n atel y s ti g mati zi n g
-

a s a t r ai to r al m o s t e v e r y m an , Wh eth e r i n t h e N o r th o r i n

th e S o u th , i n th e E as t o r i n th e W e s t wh o , i n th e e x e rc i s e
,

o f hi s c o n s ti t u ti o n al r i gh t s an d h o n es t c o n v i c ti o n s r ai s es hi s
,

vo i c e i n o p p o s i ti o n t o t h e r e vo l u ti o n ar y an d d es tru c ti v e

m eas ur e s o f th e p ar ty n ow d o m i n an t i n o ur N ati o n al L egi s

l atur e . W i th d eep s ol em n i ty an d t ru th , h e d e c l ar e s th at h e
wa s alw ay s e arn e s t a n d e mp h ati c , an d e v en e n th u s i a s ti c ,
an d n o t l e s s s o n o w th an h er et ofo r e , — i h d e p l o r i n g an d
c on d em ni n g th e act o f s e c es si o n , an d at th e s am e t i m e , i n
,

j u s ti fyi n g an d d efen d in g th e p r in c i p l es u p o n w hi c h th e G o v a

e r n m e nt O f th e Un i t e d S tate s , w h e n o p p o s e d b y fo rc e O f

a rm s , m ai n tai n e d i t s el f, an d r e e s tabl i s h e d i t s a u t h o r i ty fr o m
-

th e P o to m a c t o th e R i o G r an d e . W hy, th en why d o e s a
,

m an w h o n e v e r b y w o r d n or b y d ee d , g av e the l ea s t a i d or
,

c o mfo r t t o th e r e b el l i o n , b u t o n th e c o n tr ar y , did all h e

,

c o u l d t o w e ak en an d s up pr e s s i t , — why d o es a m an o f th e se
“
an t e c e d en t s , a p l ai n , u n pr et e n ti o u s c i ti z e n , w h o , u n ti l h e
b e c am e a R ep ub l i c an w as a lw ay s a W h i g o f th e s ch oo l o f
,

Cl ay an d W e b s te r wh o , fr o m fi r s t t o l as t , h ear t i l y en d o r s e d
an d s up o r te d t h e a d m i n i s t r ati o n o f A br ah am L i n c o l n and
p ,

wh o h a s n o a mb i ti o n b e y o n d t h e e x a c t k n o wl e d g e a n d p er
fo r m an c e O f h i s d u t y — why d oe s a m an O f th i s s o r t fi n d i t
i m p o s s i b l e to y i el d h i s s uffr ag e o r c o mm e n d ati o n t o t h e
t w i w r } r ty w hi c h w i th P h r i i c l b t
p a r y n o n p o e , 7 a p a ,
a s a a o a s x

7
VI II I N TR 0D UCTI O N .

i n g, l ay s c l ai m to th e d i s ti n c ti v e an d e x c l u s i v e p atr io ti s m
o f h avi n g s a v e d th e c o u n tr y fr o m d i s rup ti o n ! Th e r ea s o n
i s br o a d pl a i n an d e v en m o r e t h a n s u ffic i en t
, , Th e p ar ty .

h as s i n c e th e t e rm i n ati o n o f t h e w ar vi c i o u s l y an d u n p ar
, ,

d o n ably a b an d o n e d th e o l d l an d m ar k s o f j u s t an d s a cr e d
feal ty to r a c e ; an d i t i s n o w ad v o c ati n g w h at m e an s t h e
pr o s ti tu ti o n i n bul k o f a g r e at an d go o d wh i te i n te g e r to a
s m all an d b a d b l a c k fr a c ti o n Th e p o l i c y o f th e R ad i c al
.

(n o t th e R e p ubl i c an
) p ar ty i f c a rr i e d o u t t o i ts l o g i c al e n d s
, ,

w i ll i n ev i tabl y r es ul t i n th e fo rc e d p o l i ti c al , r el i g i o u s c i v i l , ,

an d s o c i al e q u al i ty o f th e wh i te an d bl ac k r a c e s ; an d t h e

d i r e fu l s e q u en c e o f th at r e s ul t s o fl ag r a n t l y u n n atur a l an d
,

w r o n g i n i ts e lf c an o n l y b e r e as o n abl y l o o k e d fo r i n th e ul ti
,

m at e d eg r ad ati o n d i v i s i on an d d e s tru c ti o n o f th e R epub l i c

, , .

I t i s m th e s i n c e r e h o p e o f l e s s e n i n g at l e a s t s o m e o f th e
d an g e r s o f th e s h o c k i n g an d w i d e s pr e ad c al a m i ti e s t h u s al
-

l ude d t o th at th i s c o mp i l ati o n i s o ffe r e d t o a n i n te ll i g en t

,

an d d i s cr i m i n ati n g p ubl i c .

T h e r e ar e n o w i n t h e U n i te d S t ate s o f A m e r i c a t h i r ty
mi ll i o n s o f w h i te p e o pl e w h o a r e (o r o u gh t to b e ) b o u n d
,

t o g eth er b y th e t i e s o f a k i n d r e d o r i g i n b y th e affin i ti es o f a ,

s a m en es s O f n o bl e purp o s e b y t he l i nk s o f a c o mm o n n a
,

t i o n al i ty a n d by th e c o r d s o f an i n s ep ar abl e d e s ti n y
, We .

h a v e h e r e a l s o u n fo r t u n at e l y fo r u s al l fo ur m i ll i o n s o f
, ,

b l a c k p eo pl e w ho s e a n c e s t o r s l i k e t h e m s e lv es w e r e n e v e r
, , ,

k n o w n (e x c ep t i n v er y r ar e i n s tan c e s w h i c h fo rm t h e e x ,

c ep ti o n s t o a g e n e r a l rul e ) t o a s p i r e to an y o th e r c o n d i ti o n

t h an t h a t o f b as e a n d b e as t l i k e s l a v e r y T h es e b l a c k .

pl e a r e b y n at ur e o f a n e x c ee d i n g l y l o w an d g r o v e ll i n g
p eo , ,

d i s p o s i ti o n .Th e y h av e n o t r ai t o f c h ar a c t er th at i s l o v e l y
o r a d m i r abl e Th e y ar e n o t h i gh m in d e d e n te rpr i s i n g n o r
.
-
, ,

p ru d e n. t I n n o a ge i n n o p ar t o f t h e w o rl d h a v e t h e y
, o f , ,

t h e m s e l v es e v e r pr oj e c te d o r a d v an c e d an y publ i c o r pr i v at e
,

i n te r e s t n o r g i v e n e x p r e s s i o n t o a ny th o u gh t o r s en ti m en t
,

th at c o u l d w o r th i l y e l i c i t th e pr a i s e o r e v en t h e fa v o rab l e
,
 IN TR O D UC TI O N . IX

m e n ti o n , of p o r ti o n o f m an ki n d S ee i n g th e n ,
t h e b e tte r .
,

t h at th e n eg r o d o e s i n d ee d b e l o n g t o a l o w e r an d i n fe r i o r
, ,

o rd e r o f b e i n g s wh y i n th e n am e o f H e av e n w h y s h o ul d w e
, , ,

fo r e v e r d e g rad e an d d i s g r a c e b o th o ur s e lv es an d o u r p o s
t er i ty b y e n te r i n g O f o u r o wn v o l i ti o n i n to m o r e i n ti m ate
, ,

r e l ati o n s w i th hi m ! M ay G o d , i n h i s r e s tr a i n i n g m e rc y fo r ,

b i d th a t w e s h o ul d e v e r d o thi s m o s t fo ul a n d w i c k e d t h i n g
A c ti n g u n d e r th e i n fl u en c e o f th at v i l e s p i ri t o f d e c e p ti o n
a n d c h i c an e r y w hi c h i s a lw ay s fam i l i ar w i th e v e r y fal s e p r e

t e n c e th e m e mb e r s o f a R ad i c al C o n g r e s s t h e e d i to r s o f a
, ,

ve n al pr es s an d o th e r p e dd l e r s o f p e rv e rt e d k n o wl e d g e ar e
, ,

n o w l o u dl y pr o c l ai m i n g th a t n o wh e r e i n o ur c o u n tr y h en c e ,

fo r th mu s t th er e b e any d i stin c ti o n an y d i s cr i m i n ati o n , o n

, ,

a cc o u n t o f c o l o r ; th e r e b y c o v e r t l y i n cul c a ti n g t h e gr o s s
e rr o r o f i n ferr i n g o r s upp o s i n g t h at c o l o r i s th e o n l y d i ffe r

en c e a n d t h a t a v e r y tr i v i al d i ffe r e n c e — b etw e e n th e
w h i te s an d th e b l a c k s N o w o n c e fo r all i n c o n s c i e n ti o u s
, ,

d e fe r en c e t o tru th l et i t b e d i s ti n c t] m a d e k n o w n a n d ao
,

k n o wl ed g e d th at , i n a dd i ti o n t o t h e b l a c k an d b an e ful c o l o r
,

o f th e n e g r o th e r e ar e n um e r o u s o th e r d e fe c t s p h y s i ca l

m
, , ,

me
—“
m o ral w h i c h cl e arl y m ar k hi m fi ns n c o m par ed
‘ fi

, ,

w i th th e w h a er i o r cr e at ur e .

Wli i le there fo r e , w i th a n i n v o l u n tar y r e pu g n an c e w hi c h we

- ~
’

c ann o t c o n t ro l an d w i th a w h o l e s o m e a n ti p ath y w h i c h i t
,

w o u l d b e b o th u n n atu r al a n d u n av a i l i n g i n u s to attemp t t o
d e s tr o y w e b eh o l d t h e cr i m e s ta i n e d b l a c k n es s o f t he n eg r o
,
-
,

l e t u s al s o , a t th e s a m e t i m e , t ak e c o g n i z an c e o f
,

lo w c o mpr e s s e d F o r e he ad ;
an d

h ar d t h i c k S k u l l ;
,

s m a ll b a c k w a r d th r o w n Br ai n ;
,
-

s h o r t cr i s p H ai r ;
,

fl at N o se

th i c k L i p s

pr j
o e c ti ng , s no u t l i ke Mo uth
-
I I N TR 0D UCTI O N .

H i s s tr an g e , Eun u ch to n e d Vo i c e
-

Th e s c an ti n es s O f B e a r d o n h i s F a c e
Th e T o u gh n e s s an d Un s e n s i ti v en es s of h isS ki n ;
Th e T h i nn e s s an d S hr u nkenn es s of his Th igh s
H i s curv e d Kn ee s ;
H i s c alfl es s L e g s
H i s l ow , s h o r t A n k l es
Hi s l o n g , fl at H e el s
H i s gl u t sh ap e d F e et ;
-

Th e g en er al A n g ul ari t y an d O dd i ty o f h i s F r a m e ;
Th e Ma l o d o r o u s Ex h al ati o n s fr o m h i s P e r s on ;
Hi s P u eri l i ty o f Mi n d
H i s I n e r ti a an d S l ee p y h ead ed n es s
-

H i s pr o v erb i al D i s h o n es ty
H i s pr e d i s p o s i ti o n t o fa br i c ate F al s eh o o d s and
Hi s A p ath eti c In di fl er e n c e t o all Pr o p o s i ti o n s an d Enter
p r i s es O f S o l i d M er i t .

Man y o th e r d i ffer en c e s m i gh t b e m en ti o n e d ; b ut th e s c o r e
an d m o r e o f o b v i o u s a n d u n d e n i abl e o n e s h e r e e n u m e r ate d

o u gh t t o s u ffi c e for th e u tt e r c o n fu s i o n a n d s h a m e o f al l th o s e

d i s i n g en u o u s p o l i ti c i an s an d o th e r s w h o k n o w i n g b e tte r an d
, , ,

wh o ar e th u s g u i l ty o f t h e cr i m e o f d efeati n g t h e l e g i t i m at e
en d s o f th ei r o wn k n o wl e d g e w o u l d , fo r m e r e s e l fi s h a n d
,

p ar ti s a n p urp o s e s ,c o n v e y t h e d e l u s i v e i mpr e s s i o n th at th e r e
i s n o o th e r d i ffe r en c e th an t h at o f c o l o r .

N o w far m o r e th an at any t i m e h i th e r to th e w h i t e p e o pl e
, ,

o f th e U n i t e d S tate s i n fl u e n c e d b y c i rcu m s t an c es wh i c h ar e
,

w ell u n d er s t oo d s ee m t o b e p ar ti cul arl y i nt e r es te d t o k n o w

,

r e c i e l y w h at m a n n e r o f m an t h e n e g r o i s T h i s i s an
p s .

a u s p i c i o u s fa c t. I t a u g ur s fa v o r ab l y fo r th e wh o l e c o u n tr y .

W h at th e p eo pl e r e q u i r e n ow i s l i gh t i n fo r mat i o n k n o wl
, ,

ed ge . L et th em h av e thi s an d th e g r eat pr i n c i p l e s o f
,

Vi r t u e , T ru th R i gh t a n d Ho n o r w i l l b e m ai n t ai n ed
, ,
O nl y
.

l et th e m as ses o f o u r p eopl e e ar n e s tl y an d fai r l y pr o s e c ute

 IN TR O D UC TI O N . X1

th e i r i n q u i r i e s an d i n v es ti g at i o n s i n
r efe r en c e to th e n eg r o ,

a n d th e y w i l l , e r e l o n g , b y th e i rr e s i s ti b l e fo rc e o f i n vo l u n

t ar y c o n v i c ti o n , c o m e t o pr o n o u n c e a n e n l igh te n e d a n d j us t
j u d g m en t u p o n al l o f th e m o r e i mp o r tan t q u e s ti o n s w h i ch
n o w affe c t t h e r el ati o n s o f th e t wo h e t e r o g e n eo u s r a c e s a m o n g

us . In t h e v e r y n at ur e a n d fitn e s s o f th i n g s i t c an n o t b e ,

o th e rw i s e t h an t h at t h e ve r d i c t wh i c h at n o d i s t an t d ay
, ,

may th u s b e l o o k ed fo r fr o m th e p ubl i c , w i ll b e a c o n c l u s i v e
fi ndi n g an d a fin al i ty ag ai n s t t h e n eg r o , a v er d i c t w hi c h ,

o f r i gh t fu l n e c e s s i ty , mu s t b e s w ee p i n gl y abr o g a t i v e o f al l

th e h as ty an d u n s o u n d d e c i s i o n s w hi c h h a v e b een s o r e c e n t l y
an d s o r a s h l y p r o n o u n c e d b y th e c o rrup t a rb i te r s t o w h o m

t h e R a d i c al p a r t y o w e s i ts i n ex p r e s s i bl y i g n o bl e an d p e r
n i c i o u s e x i s t en c e .

To m an y w o r th y p e r s o n s wh o d es i r e t o d eal i n te ll i g en tl y
,

an d h o n e s t l y w i t h t h e p o l i ti c al q u e s t i o n s w hi c h a r e n o w a gi

tati n g t h e p ubl i c m i n d a th o r o u gh k n o wl e d g e o f th e n atur e

,

o f t h e n e g r o h as b e c o m e a lm o s t i n d i s p en s ab l e ; an d , t o all

p e r s o n s o f t hi s s o r t , i t i s h u mb l y h o p e d a n d b e l i e v e d t h a t t h i s

c o mp i l ati o n m ay p r o v e h i gh l y s e rv i c e ab l e A tte n ti o n i s p ar
.

t i c u l ar ly i n v i te d t o th e t e s ti m o n i e s h e r ei n q u o te d o f s u c h
, ,

o b s erv an t a n d v e r a c i o u s A fr i c a n t r a v e ll e r s a s M u n g o P ar k ,

D en h am Cl ap p er to n L a n d e r , L i v i n g s to n e Bar th L i c h ten
, , , ,

s tei n D u Ch ai l l a C ai l li e , Va l d e z Bru c e B ak e r , S p ek e , D u n
, , , ,

c an , W i l s o n , M o ffa t R e ad e R i c h a r d s o n , B u r to n , an d Ba rr o w
, , .

F o l l o w i n g t h e i n te r es ti n g an d i n s tru c ti v e s tate m e n t s o f th ese

d i s i n te r e s te d w h i te m e n , m o s tl y Eur o p ean s wh o h a v e s e e n ,

t h e n e gr o i n N e gr ol a n d a r e a l s o p o r tr ay e d t h e O p i n i o n s o f
,

n um e ro u s A m er i c an wr i te r s w h o s e vi e w s o f t h e n eg r o a n d
, ,

o f th e r a c e s o f m en g e n e r all y , ar e e q u all y e s s e n ti a l t o a pr o p e r

u n d er s t an d i n g o f al l th e p o i n ts i n c o n tro v e r s y O f th e s e A m e r.

i c an wr i ter s , th o s e fr o m th e N o r th ar e h er e m o r e p ar ti cu l arl y
r e fe rr e d to and i t i s t ru s te d th at t h e r ea d e r wi ll p o n d er w el l
th e w o r d s o f s u c h trul y a b l e a n d r e pr e s e n tat i v e m e n a s Jo h n
A d am s , D an i el W e b s te r , H o r a c e Man n T h e o d o r e P ar k e r ,
,
 II IN TR O D UCTI O N .

S amu el G eo rg e Mor to n , Wi ll i a m H en r y S ew ar d and o th er s ,

o f s c a rc e l y l e s s d i s ti n c ti o n . A m o n g t h e ab l es t a n d b e s t o f
t h e S o u th er n m e n fr o m w h o s e wr i ti n g s o n t h e n e g r o a n d o n
, ,

o th e r k i n dr e d s ubj e c t s e x tr a c ts ar e h e r e g i v e n w i ll b e n o t i c e d
, ,

t h e n a m e s o f Th o m a s J eff e r s o n H e n r y Cl a y Th o ma s H ar t
, ,

Be n to n A br ah am L i n c o l n , M o n tg o m er y Bl a i r an d J o s i ah
, ,

Cl ar k N o t t . N O l an g u ag e o f t h e c o mp i l er c an d o j u s ti c e t o
t h e p erfe c t p o r tr ai t ur e w h i c h w e h a v e o f th e n eg r o fr o m th e

p e n o f t h e p h i l o s o p h i c an d pr o fo u n d J e ffer s o n L et h i s s te r
.

l i n g w o r d s o f wi s m b e m o s t th o r o u gh l y an d a tten ti v e l y p e
r a s e d It w i ll b e p ar ti c ul arl y o b s erv e d th a t e v e r y th i n g h er ei n
.

q u o te d fr o m hi m wa s wr i tten m an y y e ar s s u bseq u en tly to t h e

t i m e w h en h e d r a fte d th e D e cl a r a ti o n o f I n d e p en d e n c e Th e .

fac t s h o u l d a l s o b e c o n s tan tl y b o rn e i n m i n d th at w h i l e i n th e ,

D e cl ar ati o n o f I n d e p en d en c e Mr J e ffer s o n i n al l r ati o n al

.
,

p ro b ab i l ity h ad n o r e fe r en c e w h ate v er to any r a c e e xc e p t

,

t h at t o w h i c h h e h i m s e l f b e l o n g e d i n th e e x t r a c t s h e r e i n
,

g i v en , h e d i s cu s s es th e n e gr o b y e mp h ati c an d fr e q u en t d es
i gn ati o n a n d i n th e m o s t d i r e c t an d p o s i ti v e m an n e r
, By .

r e fe r en c e to t h e In d ex t h e r e ad e r w i ll p e rc ei v e th e n a m es o f
,

m an y o th e r e m i n en t a n d u n i mp e a c h ab l e wr i ter s , b o th N o r th
er n an d S o u th e rn — a n d a l s o E ur o p ean
, , t o all o f w h o m
th e c o mp i l e r a t l e a s t w o ul d h e r e o ffe r h i s m o s t h e ar ty a o
, ,

kn o wl e dgm e n t s for mu c h n e w an d v alu ab l e i n fo rm ati o n .

T h er e ar e m an y p o i n t s o f g e n er a l d i s s ati s fac ti o n an d d i s

p u te , wh i c h s h o ul d n o t o n a ny a cc o u n t , b e o v e rl o o k e d i n t h e
,

d i s cu s s i o n o f t h e s ubj e c ts h er e pr es e n te d O n e o f th e s e i s
.
,

th a t w h i te p e o pl e w h o s e r e a s o n an d h o n o r h av e n o t b e e n vi
,

t i a te d , o bj e c t t o cl o s e r el a ti o n s h i p w i t h n eg r o e s n o t w i s h i n g
,

t o l i v e w i th th e m i n th e s am e h o u s e n o t w i s hi n g to fe ll o w

s hi p w i th th e m i h t h e s a m e s o c i e t y a s s e mbl y o r c o n g r e g a
, ,

t i on ; n o t w i s h i n g to r i d e w i th t h e m i n th e s am e o m n i b u s ,

c ar , o r c arr i ag e a n d n o t w i s h i n g t o m e s s w i t h th e m a t t h e

s a m e t abl e , w h e th e r at a h o te l i n a r e s t a ur an t o n a s t ea m e r
, , ,

o r e l s ewh e r e . N o w, any an d e v er y w h i te p e r s o n wh o d o e s
 I N TR O D UCTI O N . X III

n ot th i nk an d ac t ri c t a cc o r d an c e w i th th e j u s t an d pur e
in st

pr o m pti n g s h er e i n d i c ated i s i n r e al i ty a m o s t u n w o r th y an d
, , ,

d e s p i c ab l e r e pr es en tati v e o f h i s r ac e E v en t h e l o w er an i m al s
.
,

th e cr eatur e s o f m e r e i n s ti n c t , t h e b e a s t s , t h e b i r d s , an d
t eh fi h
s es —
,
m an y d i s ti n c t s p e c i e s o f w hi c h ar e app ar en tl y
q u i te s i m i l ar s et u s d ai l y an d h o url y e x a mpl e s o f th e e mi
,

n e n t pr o pr i e t y o f e a c h k i n d fo rm i n g a n d m a i n tai n i n g s ep a r at e

c o mmu n i ti es o f t h ei r 0 e a lw a y s fin d t h e m ,

i n h e r d s i n fl o c k s an d
, ,
th e n e g r o b e a
fit p e r s o n t o o ccup y , i n an y c ap a c i ty o ur h o u s es o r o u r h o ,

t e l s o u r t h e atr es o r o u r c h urc h es o u r s c h o o l s o r o u r c o l l eg e s
, , ,

o ur s t e am e r s o r o u r v eh i cl es o r an y o th e r pl a c e o r p l ac e s
.

o f u n c o mm o n c o m fo r t a n d c o n v e n i en c e wh i c h o w e t h ei r c r e ,

at i o n , th e i r pro p e r u s e s a n d t h e i r p e rp e t u i t y t o t h e w h i t e s
, ,

al o n e , p l a c e s a n d i mpr o v e m e n t s a b o u t w h i c h t h e n e g r o o f ,

h i m s e l f i s , an d a lways h a s b e en a b s o lu te l y i g n o r an t an d i n
, ,

d i ffer en t N e i th er i n h i s o w n c o u n tr y n o r e l s ew h e r e h as th e
n eg r o e v e r b u i l t a h o u s e o r a t h e at r e h e h as n e v e r e r e c t e d
a c h ur c h n o r a c o l l e g e ; h e h a s n e v e r c o n s tr u c te d a s te am e r

n o r a r ai lr o a d , n o r a r ai l r o ad c ar — n o r e x c e p t w h e n u n d e r
-
, ,

th e s p e c i al d i r e c t i o n an d c o n tr o l o f s up er i o r i n te ll i g en c e h a s ,

h e e v e r i n v en t e d o r m an u fac tur e d e v en t h e m i n u t es t app en d

age o f an y o n e o f t h e d i s ti n c ti v e e l e m e n t s o r r eal i ti e s o f

h um a n pr o g r es s Ye t l et thi s n o t, b y a n y m e an s b e u n
.
, ,

d er s to o d a s an ar g um e n t n or e v en a s a h i n t i n b eh al f o f
, ,

s l av e r y . It i s to th e g r e at an d l as ti n g h o n o r O f th e R e pub
l i c th at s l a v e r y i n th e Un i te d S t a tes i s ab o l i s h e d fo r e v e r .

In l o s i n g h er s l av e s , th e S o u th l o s t n o th in g th a t w a s w o r th
th e k ee p i ng H ad s l a v er y o n l y b een ab o l i s h e d b y l aw m an y
.

0 , o ur w h o l e c o u n tr y w o ul d b e i n fin i te l y b e tt e r o ff

N e v e r w i l l i t b e p o s s i b l e fo r t h e c o m p i l e r to e ra s e fr o m h i s
m e m o r y th e feel i n g s o f we i gh ty s ad n es s an d d i s g u s t w h i c h
o v e rc am e h i m , a fe w m o n th s s i n c e w h e n , w h i l e s oj o ur n i n g
,

i n th e c i ty o f W as hi n g ton , h e wal k ed , o n e d ay, i n to t h e Cap

2
XI V I N TR O D UCTI O N .

i to l , an d , l e i s ur el y p as s i n g i nto th e g all eri es of th e t wo h o u s es

o f C o n g r es s b e h el d th e r e
,
u n c o u th l y l o u n gi ng an d d o z i ng
,

u p o n th e s e a t s a h o r d e o f v i l e i g n o r an t an d fo u l s c e n t e d
, , ,
-

n e g r o es . H e w a s p erp l e x e d s h o c k e d h u m i l i ate d an d i n d i g
, , ,

n an t ,
an d c o ul d n o t s i t d o wn W i th m er i ted e m o ti o n s o f
.

bi tte r n es s an d c o n t e mp t for t h o s e n arr o w m i n d e d w hi te m en -

,

thr o u g h w h o s e d et es t ab l e fo ll y an d s el fis h n e s s s o gr e at a n
o u t r ag e a g ai n s t p ubl i c pr op r i e ty an d d e c e n c y h ad b een p er

t t d h t ur d a w ay — i n d ee d i t w a s n o t i n hi s p o w er
p e r a e , e n e ,

t o c o n t e mpl ate w i th c alm n e ss th at m o tl e y an d m o n s tr o u s

m an i fes tati o n o f n ati o n al i n c o n g ru i ty u g l i n es s an d d i s g r a c e
, , .

T h en i t w as t h at for th e fir s t t i m e i n h i s l i fe h e w i s h e d hi m
, ,

s e l f a H e rcul e s i n o r d e r th at h e m i gh t b e ab l e t o cl e an
, ,

th o r o u gh l y an d a t o n c e th o s e A u g e an s tab l es o f t h e b l a c k
,

o r d ur e an d R a d i c al fi l th w h i c h th er e i n a n d e l se w h e r e
, h ad ,

a lr e ad y a c cu mu l ate d t o an a lm o s t i n s u ffe rab l e e x c e s s It .

wa s t h e p o w erfu l an d l on g l i n g e r i ng m o m en tum o f th e i m
-

p r e s s i o n s r e c e i v e d o n t h a t o c c a s i o n m o r e t h a,n a n y o th e r
c i rcu m s tan c e th at g av e d efin i te fo rm an d r es o lu ti on t o t h e
,

ur
p p o s e (a l th o u g h t h e i d ea h a d b e e n pr e v i o u s l y e n t e r t ai n e d )
o f pr e p ar i n g th i s c o mp i l ati o n Th e o bj e c t o f th e c o mp i l e r
.

w i l l h av e b e en w e l l attai n ed i f th e w o r k a i d s m ater i all y i n

m o r e f ull y c o n vi n c i n g h i s c o u n tr y m en N o r th S o u th E a s t , , ,

an d W e s n e gr o e q u al i ty n e gr o s upr e m a c y a n d n eg r o
, ,

d o m i n ati as n o w t y r ann i c a ll y e nfo rc e d a t th e p o i n t o f t h e

b ay o n e t ar e cru e l an d atr o c i o u s i nn o v ati o n s wh i c h o u gh t to

, ,

b e s p ee d i l y t e rm i n at e d . H R H . . .

A SHEVILLE N O RTH CA R O LIN A June 2 1 8 68

, , , .
 THE N EG R O ES IN N EG R O L A N D .

C H A PT E R I

C A N N I BA L I M IN S N EG R O L A N D .

IT i s plai n fro m all h i sto ry th at tw o ab om i n abl e prac ti c e s

, , ,

th e o n e th e e a ti n g o f m e n th e o th e r o f s acri fic i n g th e m t o th e
,

d ev i l — pr e vai l e d all o v e r A fri ca Th e I n d i a trad e as w e h av e

, .
,

s e e n i n v e ry e arly ag es fir s t e s tabl i s h e d th e b u y i n g a n d s e ll i n g o f
,

s lav es ; s i n c e th a t ti m e th e e a ti n g o f m e n
, o r s acr i fic i n g th e m, ,

h as s o gr e a tl y d e cr ea s e d o n th e e a s te r n s i d e o f th e p e n i n s ula th a t ,

n o w w e s carc e l y h e ar o f a n i n s ta n c e O f e i th e r o f th es e t h a t c a n b e

pr o p erly v o uch e d O n th e w e s te rn part t o ward s th e A tla n ti c

.
,

Oc e a n w h e r e th e s al e o f s lav e s b egan a c o n s i d e rabl e ti m e late r

, ,

afte r th e di s c o v e ry o f A m eri ca a n d th e W e s t I n di e s b o th o f th es e ,

h o rri d prac ti c es ar e g e n e ral — Bru ce s A f r i ca Vo l I p age 39 3

” ’
.
, . .
, .

Th e c o mm o n fo o d o f th e n a ti v es o f A n s i ko i s m e n s fl e sh ’
,

i n s o much th a t th e i r mark e ts ar e pr o vi d e d w i th th a t as o ur s i n ,

E ur o p e w i th b ee f o r mu tto n : all pri s o n e r s o f war u n l e s s th e y c an ,

s e ll th e m al i v e w i th gr e a te r adva n t ag e o th e rw i s e as w e s a id
, , ,

t h e y fatte n th e m fo r s la u g h t e r a n d a t la s t s e ll th e m to th e bu tc h e r s
, .

T o thi s s avag e barbari ty th e y ar e s o n a tural i z e d th a t s o m e s lav e s , ,

w h e th er as w e ary o f th ei r l i v es o r to s h o w th ei r l o v e to th ei i
,

ma s te r s w i ll pr o ffe r th e m s elv e s fre ely to b e k ill e d a n d e ate n

,
.

But th at w h i ch i s m o s t i nh uma n a n d b ey o n d th e fe r o c i ty o f b e a s ts
, ,

i s th a t th e fath e r s crupl e s n o t t o e at h i s s o n n o r th e s o n h i s fa th e r
, , ,

n o r o n e br o th e r th e o ther b ut t ak e th e m by fo rc e d e v o uri n g th e i r
, ,

fl e s h th e bl o o d yet r eek in g h o t b etw een th ei r te eth

,
”
O gi lby s .
’

A f r i ca p age 5 1 8
, .
 16 CA N N I B A L I SM IN N E G R GL A N D .

W h o so e v e r d ies b e th e d i s e a s e n e v e r s o c on ta gi o u s yet th ey
, ,

e at th e fl es h i mm e d i a tel y as a fes ti val d i s h

”
, O gi lby s Af r i ca .
’
,

p age 5 18 .

Bell o , th e G v e rn o r O f Sackato o s a i d th at w h e n e v e r a p e r s o n
o ,

c o mpla i n e d o f s i ck n e s s am o n g s t ! th e Yamyam s e v e n th o u g h o nly

’

a s l ig h t h e adach e th ey ar e k i ll e d i nstan tly for fe ar th e y sh o u ld

, ,

b e l o s t by d e a th a s th e y w i ll n o t e at a p e rs o n t h a t h a s d i e d by
,

s i ck n es s ; th a t th e p e r s o n fall i n g s i ck i s r e qu es te d by s o m e o th e r

fam ily a n d r e pa i d w h en th ey h ad a s i c k r elatio n ; th a t u n i ve rs ally

,

w h e n th e y w e n t t o war th e d e ad an d w o u n d e d w e r e alway s e a te n
,

th a t th e h e ar ts w e r e cla i m e d by th e h e ad m e n ; a n d th a t o n a s k i n g ,

th e m w hy th e y e at h uma n fl e s h th e y s a i d i t w a s b e tte r th a n a ny
,

o th e r a n d th a t th e h e ar t a n d br e a s ts o f a w o ma n w e r e th e b e s t
,

part O f th e b o d y — D enham a nd Clapp er ton s A f r i ca Vol I V

.
’
, . .
,

p a
ge 2 62 .

M a ny Ibrahi m s par ty h a d b ee n fr e qu e n t w i tn e s s e s to acts

of
’

o f ca n n ibal i s m duri ng th e i r r e s id e nc e am o n g th e Makkar ika s

, .

T h ey d e s crib e d th e s e ca n n i b al s a s r e markably g o o d p e o pl e b ut ,

p o s s es s i n g a p e cu l i ar ta s te for d o g s a n d h u ma n fl e s h T h e y a o .

c o mpa ni e d th e trad i n g par ty i n th e i r razz i a s a n d i n vari a bly ate ,

t h e b o d i e s o f th e s la i n Th e trad e r s c o mpla i n e d th a t th e y w e r e
.

bad a s s o c iate s a s th e y i n si s te d u p o n k ill in g a n d e ati ng th e c hil

,

dre n w h i c h th e party w i s h e d to s e cur e as s lav e s ; th e i r c u s to m

w as to ca tc h a c h ild by i ts a n kl e s an d t o da s h i ts h e ad aga i n s t
,

th e g r o u n d ; t h u s k i ll e d th e y o p e n e d th e a b d o m e n e x tr ac te d th e
, ,

s to mac h a n d i n tes ti n es ; a n d tyi n g th e tw o a n kl es to t h e n e ck th e y ,

carri e d th e b o dy by s l i ng i n g o v e r th e s h o uld e r a n d thu s r e tu r n e d ,

t o camp w h e r e th e y d iv i d e d i t by q u ar te r i n g a n d b o i l in g i t i n a
, ,

larg e p o t . O n e o f th e s lav e g i rl s a tte mp te d t o e s cap e ,

an d h er pr o pri e to r i mm e d i a te ly fi r e d a t h e r w i th h i s mu s k e t a n d ,

s h e fe ll w o u n d e d ; th e ball h a d s truck h e r i n t h e s i d e Th e g i r l .

w as r e ma rkably fat a n d fr o m th e w o u n d a lar g e l ump o f ye ll o w

,

fat e xud e d N o s o o n e r h ad s h e fall e n th a n th e Makkar ikas r u s h e d

.

u p o n h e r i n a cr o wd an d s e i z i n g th e fat th e y to r e i t fr o m th e
, , ,

w o u n d i n h an dful s th e g irl b ei n g s till al i v e w hil e th e cro wd w e r e

, ,

q uarr e ll i n g fo r th e d i s gu s ti n g pr i z e O th e r s k i ll e.d h e r w i th a
18 C A N N IB A L I SM IN N E G R GL A N D .

Unti l to day I n e v e r c o uld b el i e v e tw o s tori es — b o th w e l l

-
,

au th en ti ca te d b ut s eem i n g qu ite i mp o s s ibl e t o any o n e u n

,

acquain te d w i th this p e o pl e w h i c h ar e to ld o f th e m o n th e G a
,

b o o n A party o f Fa ns w h o cam e d o w n to th e s e a s h o r e o n c e to
.
,
-

s e e th e s ea ac tually s to l e a fr e s h ly buri e d b o dy fr o m th e c e m e
,
-

t er y a n d c o o k e d i t a n d ate i t am o n g t h e m ; an d a n o th e r par ty
,

to o k a n o th e r b o dy c o n v e y e d i t i n to th e w o o d s c u t i t u p a n d
, , ,

s m o k e d th e fl e sh w hi ch th e y carri e d away w i th th e m
, Th e c i r .

c u m stan c e s mad e a gr e a t fus s am o n g th e Mp o n g w e an d e v en ,

th e m i s s i o n ari es h e ard o f i t b u t I n e v e r cr e d i te d th e s to r i e s ti ll
,

n o w th o ugh th e fac ts w e r e w e ll au th e n ti ca t e d by w i tn e s s es
, In .

fact th e Fa n s s e e m r egular gh o u l s o nly th e y prac ti s e th ei r h orri d

, ,

cu sto m u nblu sh i n gly a nd i n o p en day a n d h av e n o s h am e ab o u t ,

it. Th e s e s to ri e s s e e m s o i n cr e d ibl e a n d e v e n th e fact th a t th e s e ,

p eo pl e actually buy an d e at th e c o rp s e s o f th e i r n ei gh b o rs r e s t
i ng a s i t d o es up o n my s ta te m e nt al o n e — h as e xci te d s o much
e vi d e n t d i s b el i e f am o n g fri en d s i n th e c o u n tr y t o w h o m I h av e ,

m e nti o n e d th i s cu sto m th at I am v e ry glad to b e abl e to avai l

,

my s elf o f th e c on curr e n t t e s ti m o ny o f a fri e nd th e R ev Mr , . .

W alk e r o f th e G ab oo n m i ssi o n w h o au th o ri z e s m e to s ay th at h e
, ,

v o uch es fo r th e e nti re tru th O f th e tw o s to ri es ab o v e r elate d ”

.

D a O hai llu s E qu ator i al A f r i ca p age 1 20

’
, .

W Vh il e I w as t alk i n g to th e k i n g to day s o m e F a n s bro ug h t i n -

,

a d e ad b o dy w hi ch th e y h ad b o ugh t i n a n ei gh b o ri ng to w n an d
, ,

w hi ch w as n ow to b e d i vi d e d I c o uld s e e th a t th e m an h a d d i e d
.

o f s o m e di s e a s e I c o n fes s I c o uld n o t b e ar to s tay fo r th e c u t

.

ti n g u p o f th e b o dy b u t r etr e a te d w h e n all w as r e ady

,
It mad e .

m e s i ck all o v e r I r e mai n e d ti ll th e i n fern al s c e n e w a s ab o u t to

.

b e g i n an d th e n r etr e a te d A fte rward I c o u ld h e ar th e m fro m

, .

my h o u s e gro w i n g n oi sy o v e r th e d iv i s i o n T h i s i s a fo rm o f c an .

n i b ali s m — e a ti n g th os e w h o h av e d i e d o f s i ck n ess — o f w hi c h I

h a d n e v e r h e ard i n any p e o pl e ; s o th at I d ete rm i n e d t o i n qu i re if

i t w e r e i n d ee d a g en e ral cu s to m o r m e r e ly a n e xc ep ti o n al fr e ak
,
.

Th e y s p o k e w i th o u t e mbarra ss m e nt ab o u t th e w h ol e matte r an d ,

I w as i nfo rm e d th at th e y c o n s tan tly buy th e d e ad o f th e O sh eb a

tri b e w h o i n r etur n bu y th ei r s ”
D a Chai llu s E qu ator i al A f
’
-
.
, , ,

r i ca , p age 120 .
 H UMA N B UTCH E R IE S A N D S A O R IFI CE S IN N EGR O LA N D . 19

v i s i ti n g th e h o u se a ss i g ne d m e I w a s t ak e n th ro ugh
A fte r ,

th e to w n w h e r e I s a w m o r e dr e adful s i g n s o f ca n n i bal i s m i n p il e s
,

o f h uma n b o n es m i x e d up w i th o fi al th r o w n a t th e s i d es o f s e v
‘

, ,

e ral h o u s e s D u Ckai llu s E quator i a l Af r i ca p age 105

” ’
.
, .

g oi n g o ut n e x t m o rnin g I s aw a p il e o f ri b s l eg an d arm
O n ,

b on es an d s ku ll s p i l e d up at th e b ack o f m y h o u s e w h i ch l o o k e d
, ,

h o rri d en o ugh to m e In fac t s ymp to m s o f ca nn i b al i s m s tar e m e

.
,

i n th e fac e w h e r ev e r I go — D a Chai llu s E qu ator i al A f r i ca p age

.
’
,

1 06 .

C H A PT E R II .

HU MA N BU T CHERIES AN D H U MA N SA CRIFICES IN N EG R O L A N D .

TH Emain o bj e ct c on te mplate d i n th e n ati o n al a n ni v e rs ary of

D ah o m e y i s th a t th e k i n g may wa te r th e grav es o f h i s a n c es to r s
,

w i th th e bl o o d o f h uman v i ctim s Th es e ar e n um er o u s c o n s i s t .
,

mg o f pri s o n e r s tak e n i n war o f c o n d e m n e d cri mi n al s an d o f

, ,

ma n y s e i z e d by lawl e s s v i o l e n c e Th e cap ti v es ar e bro ug h t o u t

.

i n s ucc e s s i o n w i th th e i r arm s p in i o n e d an d a fe ti c h eer layi n g

, , ,

h i s h a n d up o n th e d e v o te d h e ad u tte r s a fe w mag i c w o rd s w h i l e
, ,

a n o th e r fro m b eh i nd w i th a larg e s c i m i tar s e v e r s i t fro m th e

, ,

b o dy w h e n sh o u ts o f applau s e a s c en d fro m th e s urr o u n d i n g mul

,

ti tu d e A t any ti m e w h e n th e k i n g h as a m e s s a g e to c on v e y to
.

o n e o f h i s d e c e a s e d r e la ti o n s h e d el i v e r s i t t o o n e o f hi s s ubj e c ts
, ,

th e n s trik e s o ff hi s h e ad t h at h e may carry i t to th e o th e r w o rld ;

,

an d i f a n y thi n g fur th e r o ccur s to hi m afte r h e h a s p e rfo rm e d t hi s

,

c er e m on y h e d e li v e r s i t to a n o th e r m es s e n g e r w h o m b e d e
, ,

s p atc h e s i n th e s am e ma nn e r A n o th e r gr e a t o bj e c t o f th i s p e ri o d
.

i cal fes ti val i s th e mark e t fo r w i v es A l l th e u n marri e d fe mal es

.

th ro u gh o u t th e ki n gd o m ar e e s tee m e d th e pr o p e r ty o f th e s o ve r
eigh an d ar e br o ugh t to th e a nn ual cu s to m s t o b e plac e d at hi s
, ,

di sp o s al H e s el ects for h i m self s uch a s app e ar m os t b e au tiful

.

an d e n g ag in g an d r etai l s th e o th er s at e n o rm o u s pri c e s to h i s
,
20 H UM A N B UTCH E R IE S A N D S A O R IFI CE
’
S IN N E G R GL A N D .

c h i e fs an d n o bl es N o ch oi c e o n thi s o cca si o n i s all ow e d to th e

.

purch a s e r In r eturn for his tw e nty th o u s a n d c owri es a w i fe i s

.
,

h a n d e d o ut a n d e v e n b e sh e O l d an d ugly h e mu s t r es t c o n
, , ,

t en te d ; n ay s o m e i t i s s ai d h av e i n m o ck ery b e en pr es e nte d
, , ,

w i th th e ir o wn m oth ers Th e ki n g u s uall y k e ep s h i s w i ve s up t o

.

th e n umb e r o f th r ee th o u s a n d w h o s e rv e h i m i n vari o u s capac i ,

ti e s — b ei n g par tly tra i n e d to a c t a s a b o dy g uard r e gularl y

,
-
,

r e g im ente d and e qu ipp ed w i th drum s fla g s b o w s an d arro w s

, , , ,

w h i l e a few carry mu s k ets T h ey all r esi d e i n th e palac e w hi ch .

,

c o n s i s ts m e r e ly o f a n i mm e n s e a sse mblag e o f ca n e an d mud t e n t s ,

e n cl o se d by a h i g h wall Th e s kull s a n d j awb o n e s o f e n e m i es

.

s la i n i n ba ttl e fo rm th e fav o ri te o rn am e n t o f t h e palac es a n d t e m

pl es Th e k i ng s apartm e nt i s pav e d an d th e wall s an d r o o f

.
’
,

s tuck o v e r w i th th e s e h o rri d t r o p hi e s ; a n d i f a fur th e r s upply ,

app e ars d e si rabl e h e a nn o u n c es to h i s g e n eral th a t h i s h o u s e

,

wa nts th atch w h en a war for th at purp o s e i s i mm e d i ately u n d er

,

t ak e n ”
. Mur r ay s A f r i can D i s cover i es p age 1 9 9
’
, .

A t Coo ma s si e th e cu stom s or h um an s acrific es ar e practi s e d , ,

o n a s cal e s ti ll m o r e tr e m e n d o u s th a n a t D a h o m e y Th e k i n g h ad .

l a te l y s acrific e d o n th e g ra v e o f hi s m o th e r th r ee th o u s a n d v i cti m s ,

tw o th o u s a n d o f w h o m w e r e Fa nte e pri s o n er s ; a n d a t th e d e a th
o f th e la te s o v e r ei g n th e s acri fic e w a s c o nti n u e d w e ekl y fo r th r e e
,

m onth s c o nsi stin g e ach ti m e o f two h u n dre d s lav es Th e ab s urd

, .

b el i e f h e r e e ntertai ne d th at th e ra n k o f th e d e c e a s e d i n th e fu tur e
,

w o rld i s d e ci d e d by th e trai n w h i ch h e carr i es al on g w i th h im ,

mak e s fil i al p i ety i nter este d i n pr o m oti n g by th i s m e a n s th e e xal

t ati o n o f a d eparte d par e n t O n th e s e o cca s i o n s th e cab o c e e rs
.
,

a n d pr i n c e s i n o rd e r t o c o ur t r o y al fav o r o fte n ru s h o u t s e i z e th e
, , ,

fi rs t p e r s o n th e y m ee t an d d r ag h i m i n for s acri fic e Wh i l e th e
, .

cu s to m s l a s t th er efo r e i t i s w i th tre mbl i n g s tep s th at any o n e

, ,

c r oss es hi s th r e s h o ld ; a n d w h e n c omp ell e d to d o s o h e ru sh e s

, ,

al o n g w i th th e u tm o s t s p e e d dr e adi n g e v ery i n s tant th e murd e r ,

o u s g ra s p w Mur r ay s Af r i can
” —
h i ch w o uld c on si g n h im to d eath
’
.

D i scover i es , p age 204 .

Th e practi c e o f o ff ering h um an s acri fic e s to app ea se e vil s p irits

is c o mm on ; b u t i n n o pl ac e m or e fre qu ent o r o n a larg e r s cal e , ,
 H UMA N B UTCH E R IE S A N D S A CR IFI CE S IN N E G R GL A N D . 21

th a n i n th e k i n gd o m s o f A sh a nte e an d D ah o m i an d i n th e Bo r my ,

R i ve r .L arg e n umb er s o f v i c ti m s c hi e fly pri s o n e r s o f war ar e , ,

s ta t e dly s acri fic e d to th e ma n e s o f th e r o yal a n c es to r s i n b o th o f

th e fir s t m e n ti o n e d plac e s a n d u n d e r c i rcum s ta n c e s o f s h o ck i n g
-
,

a n d alm o s t u n parall e l e d cr u e l ty A t th e ti m e o f th e d e a th o f a
.

k i ng a larg e n umb e r o f hi s pri n cipal w i ves an d fav o ri te s lav e s

,

ar e p u t t o d e a th n o t s o much h o w e v e r a s s acri fic e s t o app e a s e

, , ,

h i s wra th as to b e h i s c o mpa ni o n s an d a tte n da n ts i n a n o th e r

,

w orld ,
a practi c e w h i ch th o ugh cru e l an d r e v o l tin g i n i ts e lf
, , ,

n e v e r th e l e s s k e e p s up a l i v e ly i mpr e s s i o n o f a fu tur e s ta te o f e x

i s te n c e ”
lVi ls on s A f r i ca p age 2 1 9
’
.
.
,

W e fi n d th ro ugh o u t all th e c o u n try n orth o f w hi ch I c o n

s i d e r to b e r e al n e gr o th e cu s to m o f s la u g h te ri n g v i c ti m s t o a c
,

c o mpan y th e d epar te d s o ul o f a c hi e f an d h uman s acrific e s ar e ,

o cca s i o n ally o ff e r e d a n d c e r ta i n par ts o f th e b o d i e s ar e u se d a s

,

c h arm s L i vi ngs ton e s Af r i ca p age 631

.
’
, .

W h en a chi ef d i e s a n um b er o f s e rva nts ar e s lau gh te r e d w i th

,

” —
h i m to fo rm h i s c o mpa n y i n th e o th e r w o rld L i vi ngs ton e s
’
.

A f r i ca , p age 34 2 .

Wh en a n A sh a ntee o f any d i sti n cti o n d i es s e v e ral O f th e ,

d e c e a s e d s s lav e s ar e s acri fic e d T hi s h o rri bl e cu s to m o ri g in a te s

’
.

i n s o m e s h ad o wy i d e a s o f a fu tur e s ta te o f e x i s te n c e ; i n w hi c h
th e y i mag i n e t h a t th o s e w h o h av e d epar te d h en c e s ta n d i n n e e d
o f fo o d cl o thi n g a n d o th e r th i n g s as i n t h e pr e s e n t w o rld ; an d
, , ,

th at a s a va s t n umb e r o f c o n cub i n e s an d s lav e s ar e th e c hi e f

,

mark s o f s u p e ri o ri ty am o n g th e m h er e s o i t mu st al s o b e i n a ,

fu tur e s ta te A cc o rd i ngl y as I walk e d o u t e arly i n th e m o rn i n g

.
, ,

I s aw th e ma ngl e d c o rp s e o f a p o o r fe mal e s lav e w h o h a d b e e n ,

b e h e ad e d duri n g th e n i g ht lyi n g i n th e publ i c s tr ee t It w as

,
.

par ti ally c o v e r e d w i th a c o mm o n m at an d a s th i s c o v e ri n g i s , ,

u n u s ual I c o n clud e d th a t i t w as th r o w n o v e r i n o r d e r to hi d e i t
, ,

fr o m m y v i e w In th e c o ur s e o f th e day I s aw g r o u p s o f th e
.

n a ti v e s da n c i n g r o u n d th i s v i c ti m o f s up e r s ti ti o u s cru e l ty w i th ,

n um e r o u s fra n ti c g es tur es a n d w h o s e e m e d t o b e i n th e v e r y
,
22 H UMA N B UTCH E R I E S A N D S A CR IFI CE S IN N EGR OL A N D .

z e n i th of th e i r h app i n es s T h a t o nl y o n e p ers o n w a s
.

i mm o late d I b eli e v e r e s ul te d e n ti r el y fr o m m y pr e s e n c e i n th e
, ,

to w n ”
F r eeman s Af r i ca p age 2 4
’
- .
.
,

A m i d st gr e at o stentatio u s d i spla y I s aw w h at w as calcul a te d ,

t o h arr o w up th e s tro n g es t an d m o s t pai n ful fe el i n g s th e r o yal ,

e x e cu ti o n e r s b e arin g th e bl o o d s tai n e d s too l s o n w hi ch h u n dr e d s

,
-
,

a n d p e rh ap s th o u s a n d s o f h uma n v i c ti m s h av e b ee n s ac r i fic e d by
,

d e cap i tati o n a n d al s o th e l arg e d e ath drum w hi ch i s b e ate n a t

,
-
,

th e m o m ent w h e n th e fatal k n i fe s e v e r s th e h e ad fro m th e b o dy ,

th e v e ry s o u n d o f w h i ch c o n v ey s a th ri ll o f h o rr o r T hi s rud e i h .

s trum e n t c o nn e c t e d w i th w h i ch ar e m o s t dr e adful a s s o c i ati o n s

, ,

w a s l i te rally c o v e r e d w i th dri e d cl ots o f bl o o d a n d d e c o rate d ,

” —
w i th th e j awb o n e s an d skull s o f h uma n v i c ti m s F r eeman s .
’

A f r i ca p age 4 7
, .

To day a n o th er h uma n v i c ti m w as s acrific e d o n acc o u nt o f

-
,

th e d e a th o f a p e r s o n o f ra n k A s I w as g o i n g o u t o f th e to wn
.
,

i n th e c o o l o f th e e v e n i n g I s aw th e p o o r cr e atur e ly i n g o n th e
,

g ro u n d Th e h e ad w as s e v e r e d fr o m th e b o dy a n d ly i n g at a
.
,

s h o r t d i s ta n c e fr o m i t ; s e v e ral larg e turk ey buzz ard s we r e fe a s t -

i n g o n th e w o u n d s an d r o ll in g th e h e ad i n th e du s t H e app e ar e d
, .

t o b e ab o u t e i g h te e n y e ar s o f a ge ; a s tr o n g h e al th y y o u th w h o , ,

mi gh t i n all pro bab i lity h av e li v e d fo rty fifty or e v e n s i x ty

, , , ,

”—
y e ar s l ong e r F r eeman s A f r i ca p age 28
.
’
, .

T h r o ugh o u t th e day I h e ard th e h o rri d s o u n d o f th e d e ath

drum an d w as told i n th e e v e ni n g th at ab o u t tw e n ty five h uma n
,
-

v i c ti m s h ad b e e n s acri fic e d s o m e i n th e t o w n an d s o m e i n th e
, ,

s urr o u n d i n g v i llag e s th e h e ad s o f th o s e k i ll e d i n th e vi llag e s

,

b ei n g br o ugh t i nto th e to wn i n b a s k ets I l e ar n e d th a t .

s e v e ral m or e h uma n v i c ti m s h a d b ee n i m m o la te d duri n g th e day ,

b ut c o uld n o t a s c er tai n th e e xac t n umb e r Th e m o s t accurate .

acc o u n t I c o uld o b tai n w as th a t fiftee n m o r e h ad s u ff er e d ; maki n g

,

a to tal o f fo rty i n tw o day s , T h e s e p o or v i c ti m s w e r e

.

all o w e d to li e n ak e d an d e x p ose d i n th e s tr ee ts u nti l th e y b e ga n ,

to d ec omp ose ; an d s uch i s th e call o u s s ta te o f m i n d i n w h i c h th e

 H UMA N B U CH T ER IE S A N D SA O R IFICES IN N EG R OL A N D . 23

p eopl e l i v e th at m a n y w e r e walk i n g ab o u t am on g th e pu tr e fyi n g

,

” —
b o di es s m ok i ng th e i r p ip es w i th am az i n g i n di fi er e n c e
'

, , F r ee .

man s A f r i ca p ages 5 3 a n d 5 4
’
, .

Th e x e cu ti o n e r at o n e bl o w o n th e b ack o f th e n e ck d i vi d e d
e , ,

th e h e ad fro m th e b o dy o f th e fir s t culpri t w i th th e e xc e p ti o n o f ,

a s mall p o rtio n o f th e s k i n w h i ch w as s eparate d by pa s si n g th e

,

k nife u n d e rn e ath U nfo rt u n a tely th e s e c on d m an w as dreadful l y

.
,

ma ngl e d fo r th e p o o r fell o w at th e m o m ent th e bl o w w as s truck

, , ,

h avi n g rai s e d hi s h e ad th e kni fe s truck i n a s lan ti n g d i r e c ti o n an d

,

o n ly mad e a larg e w o u n d ; th e n e x t bl o w caugh t hi m o n th e back

o f th e h e ad w h e n th e bra i n pr o trud e d
, Th e p o o r fel l o w s tru g .

g l e d v i o l e ntl y Th e th ird s tro k e cau g ht h i m acro s s th e sh o uld er s

.
,

i nfl i c ti n g a dr e a dful g ash Th e n e x t caugh t h i m o n th e n e ck

.
,

w hi ch w a s twi c e r ep e ate d Th e o ffi c e r s te adyi n g th e cri m i n al

.

n o w l o s t hi s h o ld o n acc o u n t o f th e bl o o d w hi c h ru sh e d fro m th e

bl oo d v e s s e l s o n all w h o w e r e n e ar Th e e x e cu ti o n e r n o w qu i te
-
. ,

pal si e d to o k h o ld o f th e h e ad an d afte r tw i sti n g i t s e v e ral ti m es

, , ,

r o u n d s e parate d i t fro m th e s ti ll c o n vul s e d a nd s truggli n g tru nk

, .

D uri n g th e la tte r part o f th i s d i s gu s ti n g e x e cu ti o n th e h e ad p r e

s e n te d an awful s p e c tacl e th e d i s to rt i o n o f th e fe a tur e s a n d th e
, ,

e y e ball s c o mpl e te l y u p t ur n e d g ivi n g i t a h o rri d app e ara n c e , .

Th e n e x t m an p o o r fe ll o w w i th h i s e y e s parti ally sh u t an d h e ad
, ,

dro op i n g fo rward n e ar to th e gro u n d r e ma in e d all th i s ti m e i n s u s ,

p en s e ; ca stin g a par ti al gla n c e o n th e h e ad w hi ch w a s n o w cl o s e

to hi m a n d th e tru n k dragg e d cl o s e pa st h i m th e bl oo d s till ru sh
, ,

i n g fr o m i t l i k e a fo u n ta i n Th e fo ur th culpri t w as n o t
.

s o fo r tu n a te hi s h e ad n o t b ei n g s e p ara te d ti ll afte r th r e e s tr o k es
, .

Th e b o d y afte r w ard s r o ll e d o v e r s e v e ral ti m e s w h e n th e bl o o d ,

s pur te d o v e r my fac e an d cl o th e s Th e m os t d i s g u sti n g part o f .

th i s ab o m i n abl e an d b arbar o u s e x e cu ti o n w a s th a t o f a n o l d ill ,

l o ok in g wr etch w h o l ik e th e n um er o u s vul tur e s s to o d w i th a

, , ,

s mall cal aba sh i n hi s h a n d r e ady to ca tch th e bl o o d fr o m e ach,

i n d i vi dual w hi c h h e gr e e di ly d e v o ur e d b e fo r e i t h ad e s cap e d
,

o n e m i n u t e fr o m th e ve i n s A fte r d e cap i ta ti o n th e b o dy
.

i s i mm e d i a tel y dragg e d o ff b y th e h e e l s to a larg e p i t at a c o n

s i de r abl e d i sta n c e fro m th e to wn an d th r o w n th e r ei n an d i s i m ,

m e d i ate l y d ev o ur e d b y w o lv e s an d vul tur e s w hi ch ar e h e r e s o ,

2 4 H UMA N B UTCH E R IE S A N D SA O RIFI CE S IN N E GR OL A N D .

rav e n o u s th at th ey w i ll alm o st t ak e y uro v i ctual s fro m yo u .

”

D u n ca n s
’
A f r i ca , Vo l I .
p ages 25 0 a n d 25 2 .

O n way u p th e ri v e r C alabar my a ttenti o n w as a ttracte d

o ur

by s o m eth i n g o f a v ery e x tr a o rd i n ary app e ara n c e h a n g in g o v e r

t h e wa te r fr o m th e bra n ch o f a tr e e My curi o s i ty w as e xci te d b y .

i t an d I w a s at a l o s s to c o nj e c tur e w h a t i t w a s I di d n o t r e ma i n
,
.

l o n g i n s u sp e n s e fo r w e s o o n pa s s e d s u ffi ci e n tly n e a r i t to e n abl e
,

m e to d i s c o v e r th at i t w a s th e b o dy o f o ne o f th e n ati v e s s u sp e n d e d
by th e m i ddl e w i th th e fe e t a n d h a n d s j u st to uch i n g th e wa te r
, .

Th e n a ti v e s o f th i s plac e ar e paga n s i n th e m o s t d e prav e d ,

c o n d iti o n T h e y b el i e v e i n a g o o d s p iri t w h o th ey i mag i n e

.
, , ,

d w e ll s i n th e wate r ; and s acr ific e s s uc h a s th a t j u s t m e n tio n e d

a r e fr e q u e n tly mad e t o h i m w i th th e i d e a o f gai n i n g h i s fav o r a n d
,

pro te c ti o n Th e o bj e ct s e l e c te d for th i s p u rp o s e i s g e n e rally

.

s o m e u n fo r tu n a te o l d s lav e w h o may b e w o r n o u t a n d i n capabl e

,

o f fur th e r s e rv i c e o r u n fi t fo r th e mark e t ; a n d h e i s t h u s l e ft to
,

s u ff e r d e a th e i th e r fr o m th e e ff e c ts o f th e s u n o r fr o m t h e fa n g s
, ,

o f s o m e h u n g r y all i ga to r o r s h ark w hi c h may c h a n c e to fi n d th e

b o dy Th e c i rcum s ta n c e o f th e h a n d s a nd fe e t b ei n g j u s t al
.

l o w e d to b e i mm er s e d i n th e wate r i s c o n s id e r e d by th e s e d e lud e d
p e opl e a s n e c es s ary a n d th e y ar e th er e by r en d e re d an e a s i e r
,

pr e y . L an der s Tr avels i n A f r i ca Vo l I I p age 315

’
, . .
, .

Th e x th o f th e m o nth w as a n n o u n c e d as th e b eg i nni ng o f
si

th e s acri fic i al ri te s w hi c h w e r e to la s t fi ve day s
,
Early i n th e .

m o rn i n g tw o h u n dre d fe mal es o f th e A maz o ni a n g u ard n ak e d to

, ,

th e wa i s t b u t r i c h ly o r n am e n t e d w i th b e ad s a n d r i n g s at e v e ry
,

j o in t o f th ei r o il e d a n d gl i s te n i n g l i mb s app e ar e d i n th e ar e a ,

b e fo r e th e k i ng s palac e arm e d w i th blu n t cu tla s s e s V e r y s o o n

’
, .

th e s o v e r e i g n mad e h i s app e ara n c e w h e n th e ba n d o f war r i o r s ,

b e ga n th e ir ma n oeuvr e s k e ep in g pac e w i th rud e b ut n o t u n m ar

, ,

t i al s k i ll t o th e n a ti v e d r u m a n d fl u te
,
A s h o r t d i s ta n c e fro m th e .

palac e w i th i n s i gh t o f th e s quar e a fo rt o r i ncl o s ur e ab o u t n i n e

, , ,

fee t h i gh h ad b ee n bu i l t o f ad o b e an d s urr o u n d e d by a p il e o f
, ,

t al l pri ckly bri e r s W i th i n thi s barri e r s e cure d to s tak e s s to o d

. , ,

fifty cap ti v es w h o w er e to b e i mm o late d a t th e o p e n i n g o f th e

,

fe s ti val t en th e drill o f th e A maz o n s an d th e r o yal r e v i e w

.
26 H UMA N S KUL L S A S S A CR E D R EL I CS A N D O R N A ZII E N TS
’
.

th re e kull s w e re plac e d o n th e g ro u n d form i ng an e qu ilate ral

s ,

tr i a ngl e ab o u t th r e e fe e t apa r t
,
A t a l ittl e di s ta n c e fr o m th e
.

thr e e n am e d s kull s a calaba s h w a s plac e d c o n ta in i n g s e v e ral

-
, ,

s kull s o f d is ti ngu is h e d m e n t ak e n o r k ill e d i n w a r Th e .

p ol e o f e ac h s ta nd a r d w a s m ou nte d w i th th e s k u ll o f a cab o c eer ,

o r r u l e r o f a to w n — D un ca n s A r i ca Vo l I
”
f
’
.
p ga e 2 4 5 , . .
, .

In th e c o ll e c tio n o f s kull s I fo u n d a n umb e r o f th e m o r n a

,

m e nte d w i th b r a s s a n d r i v e te d to g e th e r w i th i r o n
, T h es e w er e .

th e h e ad s o f r i val k i n g s w h o w e r e k i ll e d by th e ki ng s w o m e n o r
’
,

w i v es A m o n g s t th es e w as th e r i chly o r n am e nte d s kull o f th e

.

K ing o f N ahp o o i n th e A n n ago o c o u n try ; h is n am e w as A dafio

,
'

H is to w n w as tak e n a n d h e h im s el f mad e p r is o n e r by th e fe mal e

, ,

r e g im e n ts c o mma n d e d by th e fe mal e c o mma n d e r A p ado m ey

, , .

M a ny o f th e s k ul ls s till r e ta i ne d th e h a i r It app e ars t h a t this .

pa r t o f th e h u m a n b o dy h as al way s b e e n a fav o r i te o r n am e n t o n
t h e palac e wall s o f A b o m ey a n d e v e n i n th e wall s e n tr a n c es o f
, ,

ga teway s a nd d o o r way s — D unca n s A f r i ca Vo l II p age 2 76

.
” ’
, . .

Pe rm is s io n to s ee pa i d a v is i t to
th e t o w n w a s gi Ve n , a n d w e
th e J uj u h o u s c ; a
-
yc d a m d ru
n o is ro w tte p te to afte r u s ; b ut
sh i n

a vig o ro u s appl ic a ti o n o f th e l o n g s tic ks o f th e gua r d s d r o v e th e m

back Ma s s e s o f h u ma n s k ull s h a n g fro m th e wall s a n d n um e r
.
,

o u s r o w s o f s k u ll s c o v e r th e r o o f o f a s o r t o f al ta r In fro n t o f .

th is al ta r s at t h e J uj u m a n h av i n g a fo o ts to o l o f h u ma n s k ull s
-
,
.

T h e Ok r ika h ad e a te n th e v i c ti m s w h o s e s k ull s d e c o r a te th e J uj u
h ou s e A n o l d m a n w h o a c c o m pa n i e d u s s p o k e w i th e v i d e n t
.

gu s to o f th e di ffe r e nt ca n n ibal fe a s ts h e h a d par tak e n o f a n d ,

m e n tio n e d th e pa r ts o f the h u ma n b o dy w h ic h h e c o n s id e r e d th e
s w e e te s t Cons u l Char les L i vi ngs ton e ; a t the Bight of B i af r a
”
. .

Wh en a gu es t i s e n te rta in e d o f w h o m pre sents ar e e xp e c te d ,

th e h o s t i n a q u i e t way g o e s fro m ti m e to ti m e i n to th e fe ti c h
, ,

h o u s e a n d s c r ap e s a l i ttl e b o n e p o wd e r fr o m a fav o r i te s kul l a n d

-
,

p u ts i t i n to th e fo o d w hic h i s b e i n g c o ok e d a s a p r e s e n t to th e ,

g ue s t Th e i d e a i s th a t by c o n s u m i n g th e s crap ing s o f th e
.
, ,

s kull th e bl o o d o f th e i r a n c e s to r s e nte r s i n to y o ur b o dy an d th u s
, , ,
 H UM A N S KUL L S A S SA C RED R E L I CS A N D O RN A ME N TS . 27

b ec o m i n g o f o ne bl o o d yo u ar e n aturall y l e d to l o v e th e m and
, ,

gra n t th em w h at th ey w i s h It i s n o t a pl e a s a n t s ubj e c t o f r e fl ec
.

ti o n b u t I h av e n o d o ub t b ee n o p e ra te d u p o n o n pr e v i o u s j o ur
,

n ey s ; b e i n g n e w h o w e v e r aware o f th e cu s to m I r e fu s e d th e
, , ,

fo o d a n d to ld M ay o l o I car e d v e ry l i ttl e to e at o f th e s crap e d

'

s k ull o f hi s g r a nd fa th e r D a Chai lla s A s hango L a nd p a ge 200

” -
’ ’
-
. .
,

O a s mall i s la n d n e ar th e m o uth o f th e N i g e r th e p eo pl e
n , ,

h av e s o m e s tra n g e cu s to m s T h ey h av e a larg e to w n o f ab o u t .
,

t h r e e t h o u s a n d i nh ab i ta n ts ; th e i r h u ts ar e bu il t w i th i n mud wall s ,

w i th th e s tr eets cro s s i ng e ac h o th e r at rig h t a ngl es A t e v ery .

c o rn e r the r e i s a cre a tur e s tuck up li k e o u r s car e c ro w s i n A m er ,

i c a w i th a g o urd fo r a h e ad a n d d r e s s e d u p w i th cl o th e s s h e ll s
, , , ,

a n d b e ad s T h is th i ng i s call e d J uju an d w h ate v er i s d e v o te d to

.
,

i t i s s acr e d T h u s th e l ittl e a n i mal call e d th e Igua n a a s p e c ies

.

o f l i zard w hi c h e l s e w h e r e i s e a te n
, h e r e i s all o w e d t o i n cr e a se
a n d r u n all o v e r th e i s la n d A t o n e e n d o f t h e t o w n th e r e i s a
.

t empl e d e d i ca te d to th e J uj u It i s h i g h e r th a n m o s t o f th e o th e r
.

h o u se s w i th a n arc h e d d o o r w ay th e s i d e s a n d arc h o f w h i c h ar e
, ,

fo rm e d o f h uma n s kull s I ns i d e th e h u t at o n e e nd i s a s o r t o f
.
, ,

s acr e d al tar th a t w i th a n arc h e d r e c ess b e h i n d

, , i s fo rm e d o f ,

c h ild re n s s k ull s th e e a s t s i d e an d fl o o r b e i ng th e s kull s o f adul ts

’
, .

In th e e ye s o ck e ts o f e ac h a s quar e p i e c e o f b o ard i s i ns e r te d firs t

-
,

pai nte d r e d an d th e n an e ye pai nte d o n i t O uts i d e th e d o o r i s a

, .

p o s t to w h i ch p r i s o n e rs ar e ti e d an d b e a te n to d e a th w i th club s , ,

a n d th e n th e i r s kull s afte r b e i n g d r i e d a n d bl e ac h e d ar e u s e d fo r
, ,

r e plac i n g any th at may h av e b e c o m e crack e d o r o th e rwi s e i nj ur e d .

T h e r e ar e thr ee pri e s ts w h o s e bu s ine s s i s to p u t pri s o n e r s to d e ath ,

to t ak e car e o f th e t e mpl e a n d a tte n d to th e d r e s s i n g o f th e J u

,

— B r i ttan s E ver D a L e i n A r i ca
g if f
’
y
-
p g a e 3 4 3 , .

r e v en g e as much as d es i r e to p erp etuate th e r em em

It i s ,

bra n c e o f vi cto ry w hi c h mak e s th em e ag e r for th e s kull s a n d

,

j awb o n es o f th e i r e n em i es s o th at i n a r o yal m etr op ol is wall s , , ,

a n d fl o o r s an d th r o n es a n d walk i n g s ti ck s ar e e v e ryw h e r e l o w e r
, ,
-

i n g w i th th e h o ll o w e y es o f th e d e ad Th e s e s ad ba r e a n d .
, ,

w h i te ne d e mbl e m s o f m ort al i ty a n d r e v e n g e pr es e n t a curi o u s an d

s tar tl i n g s p e c tacl e cr e s tin g an d fe s to on in g th e r e d clay wall s
,
28 H UMA N S KUL L S A S S A CRED R E L I CS A N D O RN A ME N TS .

of Hu m as s i th e cap i tal of A s h an te e ” — F o ote’s A r i ca

, .
f a nd the
A mer i can F l ag, p age 5 6 .

W h en a h uma n h e ad i s d esi r e d to b e pr e s e rv e d th e brai n s ar e ,

e x trac te d th r o ugh th e s p i n al c o nn e c ti o n an d th e h e ad h e ld o n th e ,

en d o f a s ti ck i n th e s m o k e til l i t b e c o m e s qu i te h ard a n d dry I .

h av e s ee n s o m e th o u s a n d s pr es e rv e d i n th is w ay i n D a h o m e y ”
.

A f r i ca , Vo l I L 1 59
’
D u nc a n s .
, p age .

ar th e k in g w e r e plac e d s ev eral l arg e s tafl s o r walk i n g

N e

s ti ck s w i th a s kull fix e d o n th e u pp e r e n d o f e ac h th e s ti ck pa s s
, ,

i ng th ro u gh th e s kull s o a s to l e av e ab o u t s ev en i n ch e s o f th e s ti ck
ab o v e th e s kull for th e h an d w h e n w alki ng —D uncan s Af r i ca
”
.
’
,

Vo l L.
, p age 24 6 .

Th efath er o f Moyar a w as a p o w erful ch i e f b ut th e s on n ow ,

s i ts a m o n g th e r ui n s o f th e t o w n w i th fo ur o r five w i v es a n d v e r y ,

few p eo pl e A t h i s h aml e t a n umb e r o f s tak es ar e plan te d i n th e

.

gro u n d an d I c o u nte d fifty fo ur h u ma n s kull s h u n g o n th ei r p o i nts

,
-
.

T h e s e w e r e Ma teb el e w h o u n abl e t o appro ach S e bi tu an e o n th e

, ,

i s la n d o f L o yel a h a d r e turn e d s i ck an d fam i s h i n g

, Moyar a s .
’

fath er to o k adva ntag e o f th ei r r e duc e d c o n d iti o n an d afte r p ut , ,

ti n g th e m to d e a th m o u n t e d th e i r h e ad s i n t h e Ba to ka fa s h i o n
, .

Th e o l d m an w h o p erp e tra t e d thi s d ee d n o w l i es i n t h e m i ddl e o f

h i s s o n s h u ts w i th a l o t o f r o tte n i v o ry o v e r hi s grav e O n e c an
’ ~
.
,

n o t h el p fee l i n g th a n kful th a t th e r e i g n o f s uc h wr e tc h e s i s o v e r .

Th ey i nh ab i te d th e wh o l e o f th i s s i d e o f th e c o u ntry an d w e r e ,

pro bab ly th e barri er to th e e x ten s i on o f th e Po rtugu es e c o mm er c e

i n thi s d i r e c ti o n W h en l o oki n g at th e s e skull s I r e mark e d to
.
,

Mo yar a th at man y o f th e m w e r e t h o s e o f m e r e b oy s H e a ss e nte d .

r e ad ily an d p o i nte d th e m o u t a s s uch I a s k e d w h y h i s fath e r

, .

h ad k i ll e d b o y s To s h o w hi s fi er c e n e s s w as th e a n s w e r It ’ ‘
.
.
,

i s fi er c e n e s s t o k il l b o y s Ye s ; th e y h ad n o bu s i n es s h e r e
.
’ -
‘
.
’

W h e n I to ld hi m th at th i s pr ob ably w o uld i n s ur e h i s o w n d e ath i f

th e M a te b el e cam e aga i n h e r e pl i e d Wh en I h e ar o f th ei r
, ,

c o m i n g I s h all hi d e th e b o n es H e w as e vi d e ntly pr o ud o f th e s e .
’

tr o p hi e s o f h i s fa th e r s fe r o c i ty an d I w as a s s ur e d b y o th e r
’
,
 B L O O D TH I R S TIN E S S
- OF TH E N EG R O ES . 29

Ba to ka th at fe w ra ng e rs e v e r r e turn e d fro m a v i s i t to th i s
st

quar te r If a m an w i s h e d to curry fav o r w ith a Ba toka c h i e f b e

.
,

a s c erta i n e d w h en a s tra n g e r w a s ab o u t to l e av e a n d wayla i d h i m ,

a t a d i s ta n c e fro m th e t o w n a n d w h e n h e br o ug h t h i s h e ad back
,

to th e c hi e f i t w as m o u n te d a s a tr o p h y th e d iff e r e n t c hi e fs vy
, ,

i n g w i th e ach o th e r as to w h i ch s h o uld m o u n t th e gr e ates t n u m

” —
b er o f s kull s i n hi s v il l ag e L i vi ngs tone s Af r i ca p age 5 69 ’
. .
,

CHA P T ER IV .

BL O O D -TH IR STIN E SS A N D B A R B A R ITY O F TH E N E G R O E S IN N E G R O

L AN D .

T H ER E i s appar e ntly i n thi s p eo pl e a p h y s i cal d el igh t i n cru el ty

to b e a s t as w e ll as to m an Th e s i g h t o f s u ffe ri n g s ee m s to bri n g
.

th e m a n e nj o ym e n t w i th o u t w hi c h th e w o rl d i s tam e In alm o s t .

all th e to w n s o n th e O il R i v e r s yo u s e e d e ad o r dyi n g an i mal s

,

fa sten e d i n s o m e ag o n i z in g p o s iti on Po ul try i s m o s t c o mm o n.

,

b e cau s e ch e ap es t ; th e y ar e ti e d by th e l e g s h e ad d o w n ward s o r , ,

la sh e d r o u n d th e b o d y to a s tak e o r a tre e w h e r e th ey r e mai n ,

ti ll th e y fall i n fra g m e n ts If a m an b e u n w ell h e h a n g s a l i v e

.
,

chi ck e n r o u n d h i s th ro at e xp e c ti ng th at i ts pai n w i ll ab s tract fro m

,

hi s s u ff e ri n g s . G o a ts ar e l a sh e d h e ad d o w n ward s ti g h tly to
w o o d en p illar s an d ar e all o w e d to di e a l in g e ri n g d e ath ; e v en
,

th e h arml es s to r to i s e ca n n o t e s cap e i mpal e m e n t Bl o o d s e e m s .

t o b e th e fav o r i te o r n am e n t fo r a ma n s fac e a s pa tte rn pa i n ti n g ’ -

,

w i th s o m e dark c o l o r l ik e i n d i g o i s th e pr o p e r d e c o ra ti o n fo r a
w o ma n A t fu n e ral s n umb ers o f g o a ts a n d p o ul try ar e s ac r ifi c e d
.

for th e b e n e fi t o f th e d e c e a s e d a n d th e c o rp s e i s s pri n kl e d w i th
,

th e warm bl o o d Th e h e adl e s s tru nk s ar e lai d up o n th e b o dy a n d

.
,

i f th e fo wl s flap th ei r w i n g s w hi ch th ey w i ll do fo r s o m e s e c o n d s
,

afte r d e cap itati o n i t i s a g o o d o m en fo r th e d e ad m an

,
”
.

Hutchi ns on s Wes ter n A f r i ca Vol I L p age 2 8 3

’
, .
, .

3*
30 B L O O D -TH IR S TIN E S S OF TH E N EG RO ES .

It i s a sy to o ff e r any pro babl e re a s o n fo r th e e ag ern ess

n ot s o e

to s h ar e i n cru e l ty w hi c h gl o w s i n a n e gr o s b o s o m Its appall

’
.

i n g c h arac te r c o n s i s ts ra th e r i n th e am o u n t o f bl o o d s h e d w hi ch
g r atifi e s t h e n e gr o t h a n i n th e s tu d i o u s pr o l o n ga ti o n o f pa i n
, .

S u p er s ti ti o n pr o bably e xcu se d or j u sti fi e d to hi m s o m e o f hi s

w o r st practi c e s H uman s acri fic es h av e b e en c o mm o n e v e ry
.

w h er e Th er e w as n o s cru pl e at cru el ty w h en i t w as c o n v e ni e n t
. .

Th e m o u th s o f th e v i c ti m s w e r e gagg e d by kn i v e s r u n th ro ugh
th e i r c h e e k s ; a n d cap ti v e s am o n g th e s o u th er n tri b e s w e r e b e a te n
w i th club s i n o rd e r t o pr e v en t r e s i s ta n c e o r to t ak e away th e i r
,

s tr e n g th th a t th e y m i gh t b e m o r e e a s il y h urr i e d to th e h i ll o f
‘
,

d e a th o r au th o ri z e d plac e o f e x e cu ti o n —F o ote s A r i ca a nd
f
’ ’
.
,

the A mer i can F l ag, p age 5 2 .

It i s h ard to m ak e th e m fe el th at th e sh eddi ng o f h um an b l o o d
i s a gr e at cri m e ; th e y m u s t b e c o n s ci o u s th a t i t i s wr o n g b ut h av , ,

i ng b een accu s to m e d t o bl o o d sh e d fro m i n fa n cy th ey ar e r e mark ,

ably call o u s to th e e n o rmi ty o f th e cri m e o f d e s troyin g h uman

l ife ”
L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i ca p age 2 1 7
‘

.
, .

Th e l ate Mati am vo s o m etim e s i ndul g e d i n th e wh i m o f r un

n i ng a muck i n th e t o w n a n d b e h e ad i n g w h o m s o e v e r h e m e t u nt i l ,

h e h a d q u i te a h e ap o f h uma n h e ad s Mati am vo e xpla i n e d thi s

.

c o n duct by s ay i n g th at h i s p e o pl e w e r e to o ma ny a n d h e wa n te d ,

t o d i m i n i s h th e m H e h ad ab s o lu te p o w e r o f l i fe an d d e ath
. .
”

L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i ca , p age 34 1

’
.

N g l es s th a n th e en ti r e s ubjugati on o r d e struc ti o n o f th e
o th i n ,

van qu i s h e d c o uld qu e n ch th ei r i n s a ti abl e thirs t fo r p o w e r T h u s

, .

w h en th ey c o n qu e re d a to w n th e t e rri fi e d i nh ab i ta n ts w e re dri v e n
,

i n a ma s s t o th e o u ts k i r ts w h e n th e par e n ts a n d all th e marr i e d

,

w o m e n w e r e s lau g h ter e d o n th e s p o t S uc h a s h av e d are d to b e

.

brav e i n th e d efe n c e o f th ei r to w n th ei r w i v e s a n d th e i r c h ild r e n

, , ,

ar e r e s e rv e d fo r a s ti ll m o r e t e r ri bl e d e a th ; d ry gra s s s a tu r a te d ,

w i th fat i s ti e d r o u n d th ei r n ak e d b o d i es an d th en s e t o n fire
, .

T h e y o u th s an d g irl s ar e l o a d e d as b e a sts o f burd e n w i th th e

s p o i l s o f th e to w n to b e marc h e d to th e h o m e s o f th e i r v i c to r s
, .
 B L O O D TH I R S TIN E S S
-
OF TH E N E G R O E S . 31

If th e to w n b e i n an i s ol a te d p o si ti o n th e h elpl e s s i n fan ts ar e l eft ,

t o p e ri s h e i th e r w i th h u n g e r o r to b e d e v o u r e d by b e a s ts o f pr e y
, .

O n s u c h a n e v e n t th e l i o n s s c e n t th e s l a i n a n d l e av e th e ir la ir
, .

Th e hy e n a s a n d j ackal s e m e rg e fro m th e i r lurk i n g plac e s i n bro ad -

day a nd r e v e l i n th e car n ag e w h il e a cl o ud o f vul tur e s may b e

, ,

s e e n d es c e n d i n g o n th e l i v i n g an d th e d e ad a n d h o ld i n g a car ni ,

val o n h uman fl es h ” —
Mof att s A f r i ca p age 365
.
’
, .

W e fo u n d th e cri mi n al s s e a te d o n bl o ck s o f w o o d i n a s tr e et ,

n e ar th e k i n g s r e s i d e n c e e ach acc o mpa n i e d by a n e x e cu ti o n e r

’
, .

O n e o f th e e x e cu ti o n e r s w as th e lad w h o to ld m e o n th e 1 7th o f ,

D e c e mb e r th a t h e h ad hi m s elf d e cap i ta te d e i gh ty p e r s o n s
, Tw o .

k ni v e s w er e fo rc e d th ro ugh th e c h e c ks o f e ac h c r i mi n al o n e o n ,

e ac h s i d e w h i c h d epri v e d th e m o f s p e e c h
, Th i s i s d o n e i t i s s ai d .
, ,

to pr e v e n t th e m cur si n g th e k i n g W e di d n ot s top to g az e o n th e .

h o rri d s p e c tacl e ”
F r eeman s A f r i ca p age 1 64
.
’
, .

Wh en any o n e ch i e fs d i e s th e n e w s o f h i s d e ath i s n ot
of th e s e ,

mad e k n o w n fo r o n e o r t w o m o nth s afterward s ; an d i f any p er s o n

w h o h as l e ar n e d th e fac t o f hi s d e a th d i s cl o s e s th e s e cr e t h e i s ,

i mm e d i a tel y d e cap i tate d a n d h i s fam i ly a n d r e la ti v e s s o ld i nto cap

,

ti vi ty . If th e r e b e n o purch a s e rs fo r th e m th e y ar e all c o n d u c te d ,

t o th e ba n k s o f th e ri v e r a n d t h e r e d e cap i ta te d by th e S amba G o
,

l am b e l e o r c o mm o n e x e cu ti o n e r ; th e b o d i e s ar e th e n th r o w n i n to
,

th e r i v e r a n d th e h e ad s ar e p i l e d up a t th e e n tra n c e t o th e cap i tal

, ,

a s a war n i n g t o all di s cl os er s o f s ta te s e cr e ts
”
Va ldez s Af r i ca
’
. ,

Vol I L
.
, p age 331 .

Th e h e ad l e g s o f th e o x w e r e th e n draw n to g eth e r an d it
an d ,

fe ll b ell o w i n g to th e gro u n d Th e a ni mal w a s n o w s e cure d firmly

. ,

a n d pr e v e n te d fr o m r i s i n g Th e c h i e f bu tc h e r th e n w i th a larg e
.
,

k n i fe c u t o p e n ab o u t a fo o t o f th e s k i n o f th e b elly ; an d ly i n g o n
,

th e gr o u n d am i d s t th e gr o a n s o f ag o n y a n d h e lpl e s s s tr u ggl e s o f
,

th e u nfo r tu n a t e bru te h e th ru s t h i s r i g h t arm u p t o th e s h o uld e r

,

i nto th e o x gav e a tw i s t an d a pull at th e h e ar t rup tur e d o n e o f

, ,

th e larg e ar teri es an d d re w away th e o m e n tum w hi c h w a s th r o w n

, ,
32 BL O O D TH I R S TIN E S S O F TH E N E G R O E S .

on a fir e c o o k e d an d e aten b e fo r e
, , th e c o n vul s i on s of th e v i ctim
” —
h ad c e a s e d A lexan der s A f r i ca
.
’
, Vo l IL .
, p age 1 32 .

Th e gu i de attach e d to th e e xp e d iti o n o n r e turn fro m Uj ij i

, ,

h ad l o i te r e d b ehi n d fo r s o m e day s b e cau s e h i s s lav e g i rl w as too ,

fo o ts o r e to walk Wh e n ti r e d o f wa itin g h e c ut o ff h er h er h e ad
.
,

for fe ar le s t s h e s h o uld b e c o m e grati s ano th e r ma n s pr op erty ’

.

Bur ton s Afr i ca , p age 5 1 5

’
.

Temb an dumb a, th e A maz o ni an an d c annibal qu e e n o f Co ng o ,

c omma n d e d th at all mal e childr e n all tw i n s a n d all i nfa n ts w h o s e , ,

u pp e r t eeth app e ar e d b e fo r e t h e i r l o w e r o n es s h o uld b e k i ll e d by ,

th ei r o w n m o th e r s Fr o m th ei r b o d i e s a n o i ntm e n t s h o uld b e
.

mad e i n th e way w hi ch s h e w o uld s h o w Th e fe mal e ch ildr en .

sh o uld b e r e ar e d a n d i n s truc te d i n war ; a n d mal e pr i s o n e r s ,

b efo r e b ei ng k i ll e d a n d e a ten s h o uld b e u s e d for purp o s e s o f p r o

,

cr e ati o n s o th at th er e m i gh t b e n o futur e l ack o f fe mal e warri o rs

, .

Havi n g c o n clud e d h e r h ara n gu e w i th th e publ i cati o n o f o th e r law s

,

o f m i n o r i mp o r ta n c e th i s y o u n g w o ma n s e i z e d h e r c h ild w hi c h
,

w as fee d i n g at h e r br e a s t flu n g hi m i n to a m o r tar an d p o u n d e d
, ,

hi m to a pulp Sh e flu n g th i s i n to a larg e e ar th en p o t add i n g

.
,

r oo ts l e av es an d o i l s an d mad e th e w h o l e i n to a n o i n tm en t w ith
, , , ,

w hi c h s h e rubb e d h er s el f b efo r e th e m all t ell i ng th e m th a t thi s ,

w o uld r e n d e r h er i nvul n e rabl e a n d th at n o w s h e c o uld s ubdu e t h e

,

u n i v e rs e Imm e d i a tely h e r s ubj e c ts s ei z e d w i th a s avag e e nth u

.
,

s i as m ma s s acr e d all th e i r mal e c h i ldr e n a n d i mm e n s e qua n ti ti e s

, ,

o f thi s h uma n o i n tm e n t w e r e m ad e It i s cl e ar e n o ugh .

th a t Tem b an du m b a w i s h e d t o fo u n d a n e mp i r e o f A maz o n s s uc h ,

as w e r e ad o f as e x i s ti n g am o n g th e S cy th i a ns i n th e fo r es ts o f ,

S o u th A m e ri ca a n d i n C en tral A fri ca
, S h e n o t o n ly e nj oi n e d th e .

ma s s acr e o f mal e c hi ldren s h e fo rbad e th e e a ti n g o f w o ma n s

,
’

fl e sh But s h e h a d to c o n qu e r an i ns ti n c t i n o rd e r to carry o u t
.

h er v i e w s ; s h e fo ug h t aga i n s t n atur e an d i n ti m e sh e w as s ub ,

du ed .
”
Beade s S avage A f r i ca p age 2 9 2
’
, .

O n o urmarch to th e mark e t plac e w e pa s s e d al o n g part o f -

th e w all s o f th e palac e w hi c h c o v e rs an i mm e ns e spac e Th e

,
.
34 BL O O D TH IR S TI N ES S
-
O F TH E N E G E O E S .

s u sp i c i o u s o f h i s c ompl i ci ty i mm e d i ately o rd ere d h i m to b e s ei z e d

,

a n d c u t t o p i e c es
; h e w as acc o rd i ngly ti e d to a s tak e an d to rtur e d ,

by h av i n g h i s l i mb s c u t o ff p i e c em e al — th e h a n d s b ei n g firs t ,

s e v e r e d at th e wri sts an d th e ar ms at th e e lb o w j o i nts

” -
, .

Baker s G r eat Bas i n of th e N i le p a ge 4 06

’
, .

A umb e r o f o l d w o m e n h ad b ee n tak en i n th e g e n eral s lav e

n

h u n t ; th e s e c o uld n o t walk s ufli c i en tly fa s t to k e e p up w i th th e i r

vi c to r s duri n g th e r etur n marc h ; th e y h ad acc o rd i n gly all b e e n

kill e d o n th e ro ad a s b e i ng cumb ers o m e In e v er y ca s e th ey w e re

, .

k ill e d by b ei ng b e ate n o n th e back o f th e n e ck w i th a club ”

.

Baker G r eat Bas i n f the N i le, p age 4 05

’
s o .

A marar call e d h i s s ooth s ay e r a n d r e qu ire d hi m to n am e a ,

pro p iti o u s m o m e nt fo r th e s ally Th e o racl e r eti r e d to h i s d e n .

,

a n d afte r s u i tabl e i n ca n ta ti o n s d e cl ar e d th a t th e e ffo r t s h o uld b e

, ,

mad e a s s o o n as th e h a n d s o f A marar w e r e s tai n e d i n th e bl o o d

o f hi s o w n s o n It i s s a i d th a t th e pr o p h e t i n te n d e d th e v i c ti m to
.

b e a y o u th ful s o n o f A marar w h o h ad j o i n e d hi s m o th e r s fam ily

,
’
,

an d w a s th e n d i s ta n t ; b u t th e i mpa ti e n t a n d s up e r s ti ti o u s s avag e ,

s e e i n g a c h i ld o f h i s o w n t w o y e ar s o l d a t h a n d w h e n th e o racl e
, , ,

a nn ou n c e d th e d e cr e e s n a tch e d th e i n fa nt fro m h i s m oth e r s arm s

,
’
,

t h r e w i t i nto a r i c e m o rt ar a n d w i th a p e s tl e ma sh e d i t to d e a th
, , , .

Th e s acri fic e o v e r a s o rti e w as o rd e r e d
,
Th e i n furi at e an d s tar v .

i n g s avag es r o u s e d by th e o racl e an d i nflam e d by th e b l o o dy

,

s c en e ru sh e d fo rth tumul tu o u sly

,
A marar ar m e d w i th th e .
,

p e s tl e s till warm an d r eek i n g w i th hi s i n fa nt s bl o o d w as fo r e

,
’
,

m o s t i n th e o n s e t Th e b e si e g e r s gav e way an d fl e d ; th e to wn
.

w as r e pr o v i s i o n e d ; th e fo rtifica ti o n s o f th e e n e my d e m o l i sh e d ;
-

an d th e s o o th s ay e r r e ward e d w i th a s lav e fo r h i s barbar o u s p r e

d i cti o n A t a n o th er ti m e A marar w as o n th e p o i nt o f a ttack i n g

,

a s tr o n gly fo rtifi e d to w n w h e n d o ub ts w e r e i n ti mate d o f s u cc e s s

,
.

A ga i n th e w i zard w as c o n s ul te d w h e n th e my ste r i o u s o ra c l e d e
c l ar e d th a t th e c hi e f
“ ,

c o u ld n o t co n u er ti ll h e r etu r n ed o n ce m or e to
q
hi s m other s womb ’
T h at n i gh t A mara c o mm i tte d th e black e s t
o f i n c es ts ; b u t h i s par ty w a s r e pul s e d a n d th e fal s e pro p h e t ,

s to n e d to d eath
”
Canot s Twenty Years of a n Af r i can S laver
’
. ,

a
p ge 333 .
 BL O O D
-
TH IR S TIN E S S O F TH E N EG R O ES . 35

It w a s l o n g afte r my i n stal m e nt at C ap e Mo u nt th at I
no t ,

acc i d e ntally w i tn e ss e d th e fero c ity o f th e ch i e f S o m e tri fl i n g .

c o u n try a fl ai r cau s e d m e to v i s i t th e k i ng ; b ut up o n la n d i ng a t
'

T o s o I w as to ld h e w a s abr o ad Th e ma n ne r o f my i n fo r m a nt
,
.
,

h o w e v e r s a ti s fi e d m e th a t th e m e s s ag e w a s u n tr u e ; a n d a c c o rd
,

i ngly w i th th e u s ual c o nfid e n c e o f a w hi te m an i n A fr i ca I

, ,

s e arc h e d hi s pr e m i s e s ti ll I e n c o u n te r e d h i m i n th e palav e r h o u s e -
.

Th e larg e i n c l o s u r e w as c ramm e d w i th a m o b o f s avag e s all i n ,

p erfe c t s il e n c e aro u n d th e k i n g w h o i n a n i n furi a te ma n n e r w i th , , ,

a bl o o dy k n i fe i n h i s h a n d a n d a fo o t o n th e d e ad b o dy o f a ,

n e g r o w as addr es s i n g t h e carca s s
,
By hi s s i d e s to o d a p o t o f .

h i s s i ngo i l i n w hi c h th e h e ar t o f hi s e n e my w a s fry i n g ! My s u d
,

d e n a n d p e rh ap s i mpr o p e r e n tr an c e s e e m e d to e xa s p e ra te th e
, , '

i nfid e l w h o call i n g m e to h i s s i d e k n e l t o n th e c o rp s e a n d di g
, , , ,

g in g i t r ep e atedly w ith hi s k n i fe e xcla i m e d w i th tr e mbl i n g , ,

pa s s i o n t hat i t w as hi s b itte r e s t an d o ld e s t fe e Fo r t w e n ty
, .

y e ars h e h a d bu tch e r e d h i s p e o pl e s o ld hi s s ubj e c t s v i o la te d hi s , ,

daugh te rs s la i n h i s s o n s an d burnt h i s to w n s ; — an d w i th e ach

, ,

ch arg e th e s avag e e n fo rc e d hi s a s s e rti o n by a s tab — Ca not s

, .
’ ’

Twenty Year s of a n Af r i can S laver p a ge 4 32 , .

By d e gre es th e warri o r s dropp e d i n aro u n d th ei r Ch i eftai n .

A palav e r h o u s e i mm e d i a te ly i n fr o nt o f my quarte r s w as th e
-
, ,

g e n e ral r e n d e zv o u s ; an d s carc ely a bu sh ma n app e ar e d w i tho u t

th e b o dy o f s o m e mai m e d a n d bl ee d i n g v i c ti m Th e ma n gl e d .

b u t l i vi n g cap ti v es w e r e tumbl e d o n a h e ap i n th e c e ntr e a n d ,

s o o n e v e ry av e n u e t o t h e s q u ar e w a s cr o wd e d w i th e x ul ti n g

s avag e s R u m w as bro u gh t fo r th i n abu n da n c e fo r t he ch i e fs

. .

Pr e s e ntly s l o wly appr o ach i ng fr o m a d is ta n c e I h e ard th e drum s

, , ,

h o r n s a n d war b e ll s ; an d i n l e s s th an fifte en mi n u te s a pr e c e s
,
-
, ,

s i o n o f w o m e n w h o s e n ak e d l i mb s w e r e s m e ar e d w i th c h alk a n d
,

o ch re ,p o ur e d i nto th e palav e r—h o u s e to j o i n th e b e as tly ri te s .

Ea c h o f th es e d e v i l s w a s arm e d w i th a k ni fe an d b o r e i n h er ,

h a n d s o m e can n ibal tr o p h y J e n K e n s w i fe a c o rpul ent w en ch.

-
’
,

o f fo rty five — dragg e d al o n g th e g r o u n d by a s i n gl e l i mb th e

-
, , ,

s l i my c o rp s e o f a n i n fa n t r i pp e d al i v e fr o m i ts m o th e r s w o mb
’
.

A s h e r e y e s m e t th o s e o f h e r h u s ba n d th e t w o fi e n d s y e ll e d fo r th ,

a s h o u t o f mu tual j o y w h il e th e l i fel e ss bab e w a s to s s e d i n th e

,

ai r an d c augh t a s i t d es c e nd e d o n th e p o i nt o f a s e ar T h en
p .
36 B L O O D TH I R S TIN E S S
-
O F TH E N E G RO ES .

cam e th e r e fr esh m en t i n th e s h ap e o f rum p o wd e r an d bl o o d

,

“
w hi ch w as qua ff e d by th e b r u tes ti ll th ey r e e l e d o fi w i th l i nk e d
,

,
, ,

h a n d s i n a w i ld da n c e ar o u n d th e p il e o f v i c ti m s
, A s th e w o m e n .

l e ap e d an d s a n g th e m e n applaud e d a n d e n c o urag e d S o o n th e
, .

ri n g w a s bro k en an d w i th a y e ll e ach fe mal e l e ap e d o n th e

, , ,

b o dy o f a w o u n d e d pri s o n e r an d c o mm e n c e d th e final s acri fic e

,

w i th th e m o ck ery o f la s ci vi o u s e mbrac es .

In m y wan d e ri n g s i n A fri ca n fo res ts I h av e o fte n s een th e ,

ti g e r p o u n c e up o n i ts pr ey an d wi th i n sti n c ti v e thi rs t s ati a te i ts

, , ,

app eti te fo r bl oo d a n d aba n d o n th e dra i n e d c o rp s e ; b u t th ese

A fri ca n n e g r es s es w e r e n ei th e r as d e c e n t n or a s m e rci ful as th e

b e a s t o f th e w i ld ern e s s T h ei r mal i g n an t pl e a s ure s ee m e d to
.

c o n s i s t i n th e i n v e nti o n o f t o rtur e s th at w o uld ag o ni z e b ut n o t ,

s la y. T h e r e w as a d evi l i sh s p ell i n th e trag i c s c en e th a t fas ci n at

e d my e y e s to th e s p o t A s l o w l i n g e r i n g to rm e n tin g mu ti la ti o n
.
, ,

w a s prac ti s e d o n th e l i vi n g as w e ll as o n th e d e ad ; a n d i n e v e ry
, ,

i ns ta n c e th e bru tal i ty o f t h e w o m e n e xc e e d e d th a t o f th e m en
, .

I ca n n o t p i c tur e th e h ell i s h j oy w i th w hi ch th ey pa s s e d fr o m b o dy
t o b o dy d i gg i n g o u t e y e s wr e n ch i n g o ff l ip s t e ari n g th e e ar s
, , , ,

a n d s l i c i n g th e fl e s h fro m th e qu i v e ri n g b o n es ; w hi l e th e qu e e n

o f th e h arp i e s cr ep t am i d th e bu tc h e ry ga th e ri n g th e bra i n s fr o m ,

e ac h s e v e r e d s kull a s a da i nty d i s h fo r th e appr o ac hi n g fe a s t !

A fte r th e la s t v i c ti m y i e ld e d h i s l i fe i t di d n o t r e qu i r e l o n g to,

k i ndl e a fir e pro duc e th e r e qu is i te u te ns i l s a n d fill th e ai r wi th

, ,

th e o d o r o f h uma n fl es h Ye t b e fo r e th e vari o u s m es s es w e r e
.
,

h alf bro i l e d e v e ry m o u th w as t e ari n g th e d el i ca te m o r s e l s w i th

,

s h o u ts o f j o y d e n o ti n g th e c o mb i n e d s ati s fac ti o n o f r e v e n g e a n d
,

app eti te ! In th e m i d s t o f thi s appall i n g s c en e I h e ard a fres h ,

cry o f e x ul ta ti o n as a p o l e w a s b o r n e i nto th e apar tm e n t o n

, ,

w h i c h w as i mpal e d th e l ivi n g b o dy o f th e c o n q u er e d ch i e ftai n s ’

w i fe. A h o l e w as qu i ckly dug th e s tav e pla n te d an d fag ots , ,

s uppl i e d ; b u t b e fo r e a fi r e c o uld b e k i n dl e d th e wr e tc h e d w o ma n ,

w a s d e ad s o th a t th e barbar i a n s w e r e d e fe a te d i n th e i r h e lli s h
,

s ch e m e o f burn i ng h e r al i ve .

I do n o t k n o w h o w l o n g th e s e bru tal i ti es la s te d fo r I r e m e mb e r ,

v e ry l ittl e a fte r thi s la st atte mp t e xc ep t th at th e b u sh m en pack e d

,

i n p l ai n ta i n l e av es w h ate v e r fl es h w as l e ft fro m th e o rgy t o b e ,

c o n v e y e d to th ei r fri en d s i n th e fo r e s t T hi s w as th e first ti m e i t .

h ad b e e n my l o t to b eh o ld th e m o s t s avag e d e ve l opm e n t o f
A fri ca n n atur e u n d er th e s ti mulu s o f war The bu tch e ry mad e .
 SL A V RE Y A N D S L A VE - TR A D E IN N EG R OL A N D . 37

m e s i ck d i zzy paral y z ed I s ank o n th e e arth b e numb e d w i th

, , .

s tup o r ; n o r w as I ar o u s e d ti ll n i g h tfall w h e n my Kr o o m e n b o r e
,

m e to th e c o n q u e r o r s to w n an d n e g o ti a te d o ur r e d e mp ti o n fo r
’
,

th e valu e o f t we n ty s lav e s
”
(Janet s Twenty Years qf a n Af r i can
’
.

l
S ve , p g
a r a es 38 4-
38 6 .

0H A P T E R V

SL A VER Y A N D TH E SL A VE TR A D E IN
-
N EG R O L A N D .

IT s ee m s qu it e n atural th at e v e ry o n e e v en th e m o s t th o u ght
,

l ess barbari a n w o uld fe e l at l e a st s o m e s li gh t e m otio n o n b ei n g

,

e x i l e d fr o m h i s n a ti v e c o u ntry an d e n s lav e d
, Bu t s o far i s th is .

fro m b ei n g th e ca s e th at A fri can s g en e rall y s p e ak i n g b etra y

, , ,

th e m o st p e rfe c t i n d iff e r en c e o n l o s i n g th ei r l i b e r ty an d b e i n g d e ,

p r i v e d o f th e i r r e la ti v e s ; w h i l e l o v e o f c o u n tr y i s s e e m i n gly a s

gre at a s tran g e r to th ei r br e a s ts a s s o ci al te n d e rn e s s an d d o m e s
ti c affe cti on .
”
L ander s Tr a vels i n A f r ica Vol I L p age 2 08
-
’
, .
, .

Th e r e ad e r mu st b e ar i n m i n d th at my o b s e rva ti on s appl y
chi efly to p er s o n s o f fr ee c o n di tio n w h o c o n sti tu te I s upp o s e
, , ,

n o t m o r e th a n o n e fo ur th part o f th e i n h ab i ta nts at larg e ; th e

-

o th e r th r e e fo ur th s ar e i n a s tat e o f h o p e l e ss a n d h er e d i tary
-

s lav e ry
”
. Ma ngo Pa r k s l s t J o u r n al p age 32
’
, .

L arg e fami l i es ar e v ery o ften e xp o s e d to ab s ol ute wa n t an d , ,

a s th e par e nts h av e alm o s t u nli m i te d au th o r i ty o v e r th e i r c h i ldr e n ,

i t fr e qu e n tly h app en s i n all par ts o f A fri ca th a t s o m e o f th e l at

, ,

t e r ar e s o ld to purch a s e pr o v i s i o n s fo r th e r e s t o f th e fam i ly ”
.

Mungo Pa r k s ’
l s t J o ur n a l , p age 2 1 6 .

Ev e ry e v ening I o b serv ed five or s i x w o m en c o m e to th e

4
38 S L A VE R YAND S L A VE TR A D E I N
-
N EG R OL A N D .

ma ns a s h o u s e a n d r e c e i v e e ac h o f th e m a c e r ta i n qua nti ty o f
’
,

c o r n A s I k n e w h o w val ua bl e th i s a r ti cl e w as a t t hi s j u n c tu r e
.
,

I i n qu i r e d o f th e ma n s a w h eth e r h e ma i n ta i n e d th o s e p o o r w o m e n
fr o m pu r e b o u nty o r w h e th e r h e e xp e c te d a r e tu r n w h e n th e b ar
,

v e st s h o uld b e gath er e d i n Ob s e rv e t h at b oy s ai d h e p o i nt
.
,
’
,

i ng to a fin e c h i ld ab o u t fi ve ye ar s o f a ge ; h i s m o th e r h a s s o ld
hi m t o m e fo r fo rty d ay s pr o v i s i o n fo r h e rs e lf a n d th e r es t o f h e r
’

fam ily ; I h av e b o ug ht a n o th e r b oy i n th e s am e ma nn e r — Mun .

”
.

g o P a r k s T r a vels in A
’
f r i c a a
p ge 1 16 , .

Th e lav e mark e t i s h eld i n two l o ng sh e d s o n e fo r mal es th e

s -
, ,

o th e r for fe mal e s w h er e t h ey ar e s e ate d i n r o w s an d care fully

, ,

d e ck e d o u t for th e e x h i b iti o n ; th e o w n e r o r o n e o f h i s tru s ty s la v es

s i tti n g n e ar th e m Yo u n g o r o l d plump o r w i th e r e d b e au ti fu l
.
, ,

o r ugly ar e s o ld w i th o u t d i s ti n c ti o n ; b u t i n o th e r r e s p e c ts th e
, , ,

buy e r i n sp e cts th em w i th th e u tm o s t a tte n ti o n an d s o m ew h at i n ,

th e s am e ma nn e r as a v o lu n te e r s e ama n i s e xa m i ne d b y a s urg e o n
o n e n te ri n g th e n avy ; h e l o o k s at th e t o n g u e t e e th ey es and , , ,

l i mb s a n d e n d e av o rs to d ete c t rup ture by a fo rc e d c o ugh

,

Slav e ry i s h e r e s o c o mm o n o r th e m i n d o f s lav es i s s o c o n s ti tu
,

t e d th a t th e y al w ay s app e ar e d muc h h app i e r th a n th ei r ma s te r s ;

,

th e w o m e n e s p e c i ally s in g in g w i th th e gr e a te s t gl e e all th e ti m e
, ,

th e y ar e at w o rk ”
Clap p er ton s A f r i ca Vol I V p age 36
’
. . .
.
, ,

Th e w h ol e p opulati o n o f Katu n ga may b e c o n s i d e r e d i n a

state of s lav e ry e i th e r to th e k i n g o r h i s cab o c e e r s
, Clapp er .
”

ton s A f r i ca , Vo l I V , p age 2 1 1
’
. . .

Th ey h ad n e arly a h u n dre d slav e s th e gr e a te r par t fe mal e , ,

a n d g i rl s o f fr o m tw e lv e t o e i g h te e n y e ar s o f age s o m e o f th e m ,

fro m N yfe e an d s till furth er to th e W e s t o f a d e e p c o pp er c o l o r

, , ,

an d b e au tifu lly fo rm e d ; b u t fe w o f th es e w e r e i r o n e d Th e .

mal e s w h o w e r e m o s tly y o u n g w e r e l i nk e d t o g eth e r i n c o upl e s

, ,

by i ro n ri ng s aro u n d th ei r l e g s ; yet th e y laugh e d an d s e e m e d i n ,

”—
g o o d c o n d i ti on D enham cf: Clapp erton s Af r i ca Vol IL p age
. .
’
, .
,

1 34 .
 S L A VE R Y A N D T
S L A VE - R A D E IN N EGR OL AN D . 39

Slav es i n A fri c a a r e i n pro p o rti o n t o th e fre e m e n o f ab o u t

th r e e t o o n e ; b u t al th o ugh th e n umb e r o f i n d i v i dual s r e d uc e d to
,

a s ta te o f b o n dag e by th e o p e ra ti o n o f th e ab o v e c au s e s a n d th e ,

d es tr uc tio n c r e a te d b o th a s r e gard s l i fe a n d pr o p e r ty i s i m
, ,

m e n s e th e w h o l e c o mb i ne d ar e b ut a s a s i n gl e g r a i n o f d u s t i n
,

th e ba l a n c e w h e n c o mpar e d w i th th e s lav e ry th e d e s ti tu ti o n a n d
, , ,

th e d e s o lati o n th a t ar e d a i ly e n ta il e d b y th e u n c e a s i n g bl o o d y
,

s truggl e s b e tw i x t s ta te a n d s ta te T o w n s an d v i llag e s ar e th e n
.

o bl i te ra te d fr o m th e fac e o f th e e arth ; an d th o u s a n d s up o n th o u

s an d s o f th e p o pula tio n o f w h a te v e r a ge o r s e x ar e h urri e d i nto

, ,

h o p el e s s cap tiv i ty ”
Har r i s s A dventur es i n Af r i ca p age 3 1 4
.
-
’
, .

Cri m e , c y ari s in g fro m d i str es s i n s ol v e n cy th e i nh u

n e es s i t , ,

manity o f a h ar s h cr e d i to r a s p iri t o f r etal i a ti o n i n p e tty d i spu te s

, ,

an d th e s o rd i d l o v e o f g a i n fo r w hi c h par e n ts w i ll e v e n s ell th e i r
,

o w n c h ildr e n s e v e rally a s s i s t i n fe e d i n g t h e d e ma n d fo r s lav e s

, ,

th e law o f e v e ry A fri ca n s ta te e i th e r t o l e ra ti n g o r d i r e c tly s a n c

ti o n i ng th e e v il — Har r is s A d ventu r es i n Af r i ca p age 31 4
’
.
, .

N v e n th e app e aran c e o f aff e c ti o n e xi sts b e tw ee n h u sb an d

ot e

a n d w i fe o r b e tw e e n par e n ts a n d c h i ldr e n
, S o l i ttl e d o th e y ca r e .

for th ei r o ffs pri n g th a t ma n y o ffe r e d to s ell m e a ny o f th e i r s o n s

,

o r daug h te r s a s s lav e s T h ey ar e to sp e ak th e truth i n p o i nt o f

.
, ,

”—
par ental affe ctio n i n feri o r to brutes
, D uncan s A f r i ca Vol L .
’
, .
,

p age 79 .

A s lav e i n G abu n w as o n c e a sk e d w hy h e di d n o t tak e the

m o n ey w h i ch h e w as k n o w n to h av e accumulate d an d ra n s o m
, ,

h i m s e lf .Hi s r eply w as I h av e a s much free d o m a s I wa nt

,
‘
,

a n d I pr e fe r to bu y a s lav e t o wa it up o n m e Wi ls on s A fri ca .
’ ’
,

p age 272 .

Th e l iab il ity to fall i nto a c on d iti o n o f s erv i tud e i s n o t s o

fri gh tful i n A fri ca a s i t i s w h e r e th e r e i s a h igh er appr e c i a ti o n o f
p ers o n al l ib e r ty ; n or d o es th e s am e o d ium a ttach to th e te rm
s lav e as i s a ttach e d to i t am o ng c i v i l i z e d m en Th e A fri c an sees .
40 S L A VE RY A N D S L A VE - TRA D E IN N EG R OL A N D .

v e ry l ittl e d iffer e n c e b etw e en th e au th o ri ty e x e rc i s e d o v e r hi m b y

o n e w h o m h e ackn o wl e dg e s a s h i s ma s te r a n d th e p e tty tyra n n y

w hi c h i s e x e rci s e d by m o s t A fri ca n c hi e fs o v e r th ei r s ubj e c ts ; an d

s o l o n g a s h e i s w o rk e d m o d e ra te ly a n d tr e a te d k i n dly h e h as , ,

b u t l ittl e cau s e for di s s a ti s fac ti o n an d n o t i n fr e qu e n tly by hi s ,

o w n c h o i c e plac es h i m s el f i n thi s c o n d i ti o n ”
Wi ls on s A f r i ca .
’
,

p age 1 56 .

x i sts o n an i mm en s e s cal e i n A damawa an d th ere

Slav e ry e ,

ar e ma n y pri va te i n d i vi dual s w h o h av e m o r e th an a th o u s a n d

s lav es Th e o nly ar ti cl e s o f e xp e rt at pr e s e nt ar e s lav es an d

.

” —
i v o ry . Ba r th s Af r i ca Vol I L p age 1 9 0
’
, .
, .

Wi th th e ab ol iti o n o f th e s lav e trad e all al o n g th e n o rth e rn -

a n d s o u th w e s tern c o a s t o f A fri ca s lav e s w i ll c e a s e to b e br o ug h t

-
,

d o w n to th e c o a s t an d i n thi s way a g r e a t d e al o f th e m i s c hi e f
,

a n d m i s e ry n e c es s ari ly r e s ul ti ng fr o m t h i s i nh u m a n trafli e w i ll b e

c u t o ff Bu t thi s u n fo r tu n a te ly fo rm s o nl y a s mall par t o f th e

.
, ,

e v il. T h e r e can b e n o d o ub t th a t th e m o s t h o rri bl e to p i c c o nn e c te d

w i th s lav e ry i s s l av e h u nti n g ; an d thi s i s carri e d o n n o t o nly
-
,

for th e purp o s e o f s upplyi n g th e fo r e i g n mark et b u t i n a far m o r e , ,

e x te n s i v e d e gr e e for s uppl yi n g th e w ants o f d o m es ti c s lav e ry

”
.
,

Bar th s A f r i ca Vol L p age 1 2

’
, .
, .

A larg e n umb e r of s lav e s h ad b e e n caught th i s day an d i n ,

th e c o ur s e o f th e e v e n i n g after s o m e s ki rm i s h i n g i n w hi ch th r e e
, ,

Bo nu h o r s e m e n w e r e k i ll e d a gre at ma n y o th e r s w e r e bro ugh t

,

i n ; al to g e th e r th ey w e r e s a i d t o h av e t ak e n o n e th o u s a n d an d ,

th e r e w e r e c e r ta i nly n o t l es s th a n five h u n d r e d To o ur u tm o s t .

h o r r o r n o t l e s s th a n o n e h u n dr e d an d s e v e n ty full gro w n m e n
,
-

w e r e m erci l es sly s laugh ter e d i n c old bl o o d th e gr e a te r part o f ,

th e m b ei n g all o w e d to bl e e d to d e ath a l eg h av i n g b e en s e v e r e d ,

” —
fro m th e b o dy Bar th s Af r i ca Vol IL p age 369
.
’
, .
, .

In ti m es of n e es s i t c y , a m anw i ll par t w i th h i s paren ts w i v es , ,

and ch ildren , an d w h en th ey fa il h e w i ll s ell hi m s elf w i th o u t

,
42 S L A VE RY AN D S L A VE - R A D E T IN N EGR OL A N D .

be rv e d w ith th e vi e w o f av o i d i n g o r all e vi ati ng s o m e calam

o bs e

i ty o fte n o bl i g e th e appl i ca n t for pri es tly c o mfo rt to par t

,

w i th o n e h alf o f h is fam ily to s e cur e a bl e s s i ng fo r th e o th e r

, .

Ev e n d e a th wh i c h m ig h t b e s upp o s e d calc ulat e d t o t e rmi n a te

,

th e fam i ly r es p o n s i b i l i ty b e c o m e s a n ac ti ve e n s lav e r o n ac
, ,

c o u n t o f th e e xp en si ve o b s e qu i e s w h ich i t i s c o n s i d er e d th e
chi e f p oi nt o f h o n o r to p erfo rm Cru i cks ha nlc s A f r i c a Vol L
.
’
, .
,

p age 32 6 .

w h ol e s ys te m o f slav e h o ld i n g by th e A rab s i n A fri ca or

Th e -
,

rath e r o n th e c o a s t o r at Z a nz ibar i s e xc e e d i ngly s tra ng e for th e

, , ,

s lav e s b o th i n i n d i v i dual p h y s i cal s tr e n g th a n d i n n umb e r s ar e s o

, ,

s u p e r i o r t o th e A rab fo r e i g n e r s th a t i f th ey c h o s e to r eb e l th ey
, ,

m i gh t s e n d th e A rab s flyi n g o u t o f th e la n d It h app en s h o w .

,

e v e r th a t th ey ar e s p e llb o u n d n o t k n o w i n g th e i r s tr e n g th a ny
, ,

m or e th an d o m es ti c a ni mal s ”
Sp eke s A f r i ca p age 2 6
.
’
, .

arri val at th e d es i r e d l o cal ity th e s lav e trad e rs d is e mbark

O n ,
-

a n d pro c e e d i n to th e i nte r i o r u n ti l th e y arr i v e at th e v i llag e o f

s o m e n e g r o c hi e f w i th w h o m th e y e s tabl i s h a n i nti macy

, Ch arm e d .

w i th h i s n e w fri en d s th e p o w e r o f w h o s e w e ap o n s h e a ckno w l
,

e dg e s th e n e gr o c h i e f d o e s n ot n e gl e c t th e o pp o r tu n i ty o f se e k i n g
,

th ei r all i a n c e t o a ttack a h o s ti l e n e i g h b o r M arc h i n g th ro u gh o u t .

t h e n i g h t g ui d e d by th e i r n egr o h o s ts th e y b i v o uac w i th i n an
, ,

h o u r s mar c h o f th e u n s u s p e c ti n g v i llag e d o o m e d t o an a ttack

’

ab o u t h alf an h o ur b e fo r e br e ak o f day Th e tim e arri ve s a nd .

, ,

qu i etly s u rr o u n d i n g th e v i llag e w h il e i ts o cc upa nts ar e still s l ee p

,

i n g th ey fir e th e gra s s h u ts i n all d ir e c ti o n s an d p o ur v o ll ey s o f
, ,

mu s k etry th r o ugh th e flam i n g th a tch Pa ni c s tri ck e n th e u nfo r .

-
,

ta n ate v i c ti m s ru s h fr o m th e i r b u rn i n g d w e ll i n g s a n d th e m e n ar e ,

Sho t d o w n l ik e p h e a s a n ts i n a ba ttu e w h i l e th e w o m e n a n d c hi l ,

d r e n b ewi ld e r e d i n th e da n g e r an d c o nfu s i o n ar e k i d n app e d a n d

, ,

s e cu r e d Th e h e rd s o f ca ttl e s till w i th i n th e i r kraal o r

.
,
z a r e e ba , ,

ar e e a s i ly d i s p o s e d o f a n d ar e d r i v e n o ff w i th gr e a t r ej o i c i n g
, as ,

th e pri z e o f v i c to ry Th e w o m e n a n d c h ildr e n ar e t h e n fa s te n e d
.

to g e th e r th e fo rm e r s e c u r e d i n a n i n s trum e nt c all e d a s h e ba
, ,

mad e o f a fo rk e d p ol e th e n e ck o f th e pri s o n e r fi tti n g i nto th e

,

fo rk s e c u r e d by a cro ss p i e c e la s h e d b ehi n d w h il e th e wri s ts

,
-
, ,
 S L A VE R Y A N D T
S L A VE - R A D E I N N EGR OL A N D . 43

bro u g h t to g e th er i n adva n c e o f th e b o dy ar e ti e d to th e p o l e , .

Th e c hi ld r e n ar e th e n fa s te n e d by th e i r n e ck s w i th a r e p e a tta c h e d
t o th e w o m e n a n d th u s fo rm a l i vi n g c h a i n i n w h i c h o r d e r th e y
, ,

ar e marc h e d to th e h e ad quar t e r s i n c o mpa n y w i th th e cap tur e d

-

h e rd s . T h i s i s th e c o mm e n c e m ent o f bu si n e s s Sh o u ld th e r e b e .

i vo ry i n any o f th e h u ts n o t d e stro y e d by th e fir e i t i s a pp r o p ,

ate d ; a g en e ral plu n d e r t ak e s plac e Th e trad e r s par ty d ig u p.

’

t h e fl o o r s o f th e b u t to s e arc h for i r o n h o es w hi c h ar e g e n e rally ,

th u s c o n c e al e d a s th e gr e a te s t tr e a s ur e o f th e n e gr o es ;
, th e
g r a n ari e s ar e o v e rturn e d an d wan to n ly d e s tro y e d an d th e h a n d s ,

ar e c u t o ff th e b o d i e s o f th e s la i n th e m o r e e a s i ly to d e tac h th e
,

”—
c o pp e r an d i ro n brac e l ets th a t ar e u s uall y w o rn B a ker s G r ea t .
’

Bas i n of the N i le p age 1 3 , .

Th e Ca s s an gas , th e Ban h u n s , all th e o th e r n ei ghb o ri n g

an d

tr i b e s an d n a tio n s pu n i s h all cri m es by p e rp etual ba n i s h m e n t

, .

In s uc h ca s e s th e y c o n s i d e r i t m o r e adva n tag eo u s to d i sp o s e o f
th e i r c o n v i c ts by s ell i n g th e m to s tra n g e r s th a n to b e ar th e burth e n
o f th e i r s u pp o r t T h u s th ey r e ap a ri ch h arv e s t th e m s e l ve s a n d
.
, ,

at th e s am e ti m e e n c o u rag e th at d e tes t abl e tr afli c th e s lav e trad e

, ,
-
.

To s uch a n e x t en t i n d e e d d o es th e i r cup id ity l e ad th e m th a t

, , ,

th e y o u trag e all th e la w s o f j u s ti c e an d h uma n i ty W h e n a ny .

p e rs o n c o m es u n d e r th e la sh o f th ei r s a n gu in ary law s h e h i m s e lf ,

i s n o t al o n e e xp o s e d to pu n i s h m e n t b u t h i s w h o l e fam ily i s i n
,

v o lv e d i n r u in al o n g w i th h i m ”
Va ldez s Af r i ca Vol L p age 2 93
.
’
, .
, .

A few day s afte r m y arri val at Ti mbuc to o I fell i n w i th a

n e gr o w h o w a s parad i n g ab o u t th e s tr eets tw o w o m e n
, wh o m I ,

r e c o ll e c te d to h av e b e e n fell o w pa s s e n g ers w i th m e o n b o ard th e

-

ca n o e Th es e w o m e n w er e n o t y ou n g b ut th ei r ma st e r to g i v e
.
, ,

th e m th e app e ara n c e o f an age b e tte r s u i te d to t h e mark e t h a d ,

d r es s e d th e m w ell . w hi te h a n dk e rch i e fs larg e ,

g o ld e ar ri n g s an d e
-
, th r ee n e cklac e s o f th e s am e
m e tal W h en I p as
. l ook e d at m e an d s m il e d ,
.

Th e y di d n o t a at b e i n g e x hi b i te d i n

c c w h i c h I c o uld e a s i ly ,
 '

44 S L A VE R Y A N D S L A VE - TR A D E IN N E G R 0L A N D .

b een r e duc e d and thei r to tal i g no ran c e o f th e n atural rights of

mank in d ”
Ca i lli e s A f r i ca Vol IL p age 63
’
.
. , , .

N b ette r i llu s tra ti o n c o uld b e gi ve n o f th e way i n w h i ch th e

0

s lav e s y s te m h as i n g r aft e d i ts e lf up o n th e l i fe a n d p o l i cy o f th e s e

tri b e s th a n th i s th a t fr o m th e s ea s h o r e to th e farth e s t p o i n t i n th e
, ,
-

i n ter i o r w h i c h I w as abl e to r e ac h th e c o mm erc i al u n i t o f valu e ,

i s a s lav e A s w e s ay d o llar a s th e Engl i s h s ay p o u n d s te rl i n g

. , ,

s o th es e A fri ca n s s ay s lav e If a m an i s fi n e d fo r a n o ff e n c e h e
.
,

i s mulc te d i n s o man y s lav es If h e i s bargai ni n g for a w i fe h e

.
,

c o ntrac ts t o g i v e s o ma n y s lav e s for h er Pe rh ap s h e h as n o s lav es ; .

b u t h e h a s i v o ry o r trad e g o o d s an d pay s o f th es e th e valu e o f

-
,

s o ma n y s lav e s th at i s to s ay as muc h i v o ry o r e b o n y o r bar

, , ,

w o o d o r th e am o u nt i n trad e g o o d s w hich w o uld i n th at pr e c i s e

,
-
,

” —
plac e bu y s o m any s lav es
,
D a Chaillu s E qu ator i al A f r i ca
.
’
,

p age 380 .

Hi gh pri c e s ar e a gre at t emp ta ti o n to th e cup i d ity o f th e A f

r i ca n w h o h av i ng by cu s to m ri g hts o f pro p er ty i n h i s ch i ldren
, , , , ,

o fte n d o es n o t h e s i ta t e to s e ll th es e w h e r e o th e r pr o duc e i s lack i n g .

H e fi n d s th at o n e o f hi s c hi ldr e n i s n o t bri gh t th at i t h as n o s en s e , ,

o r th a t i t wa n ts t o b e w i tc h th e fa th e r Th e n a c o n s ul ta ti o n e n .

s u es w i th th e r e la ti v es o f th e m o th e r ; th e y ar e pr o m i s e d a s h ar e

i n the pr o duc e o f th e s al e — fo r th e y h av e r i g h ts al s o i n th e
,

c hild — an d w h e n th ey ar e br o ugh t to c o n s e n t th e u nh appy

, , ,

ch ild i s s o ld off ”
D a Cha i llu s E quato ri al A f r i ca p age 38 1
.
-
’
, .

It w o uld b e a ta s k o f ma n y pag es i f I atte mp te d to g i ve a full ,

acc o u nt o f th e o ri g i n a n d cau s e s o f s lav e ry i n A fri ca A s a n a .

ti o n al i n s titu ti o n i t s e e m s to h av e e x i s te d alway s
, A fri ca n s h av e .

b e en b o n d sm en e v e rywh e r e an d th e o ld es t m o n um e n ts b e ar th ei r
,

i mag es l i nk e d w i th m e n i al t o i l s a n d ab s olu te s e rv i tud e .

Man i n tru th h as b e c o m e th e c o i n o f A fri ca an d th e l egal te n d er

, , ,

o f a bru tal trad e Fi ve s i x th s o f th e p o pula ti o n ar e i n

.
-

c h ai ns ”
(Janet s Twenty Year s qf the A f r i can S laver p age 1 2 6
’
.
.
,
 S UPER S TI TI O N A N D WI TCH CRA F T IN N EG R OL A N D . 45

CH A PT ER VI .

H E A TH EN IS H SU PER STITIO N A N D W ITCH CR A F T IN N EG R O L A N D .

O N E of fri can s d e e p r oo te d s up erstiti o n s i s w i tch craft

th e A
’ -
,

t o th e o p e ra ti o n o f w hi c h th e y g e n e rally a s cr i b e d i s e a s e a n d
d e ath th e v e ry i n fir mi ti e s o f a ge b e i n g a ttri bu te d t o th e s am e
,

i nfl u en c e Th e d o c to r b ei n g s en t fo r u p o n e m e rg en ci e s o f th i s
.
,

n a t ur e g i v e s s o m e r o o t o r drug t o h i s pa ti e n t ac c o mpa n y i n g th e
, ,

admi n i s tra ti o n o f i t w i th a farc i cal e xpr es s i on o f c o u n te n a n c e an d ,

a my s teri o u s a s s ump ti o n o f man n er pr ete n d i n g to c h arm fro m th e ,

s u ffe r e r s o m e n o x i o u s r ep til e by w h i c h h e all e g e s t h a t th e malady

,

i s o cca s i o n e d an d c o n tri vi n g a t th e s am e ti m e s e cr e tly t o p r o

, , ,

duc e o n e w h i c h i s s upp o s e d to h av e b e e n w i th d r aw n fr o m th e
,

p er s o n a ffli cte d If th e p ati en t s h o uld h app e n t o r e c o v e r th e

.
,

Igi aka i s gr e atly c o mm e n d e d for hi s s k i ll an d o b ta i n s a n a d e ,

quate r e m u n e rati o n ; i f o n th e c o ntrary th e s i ck n e s s s h ould i h

, ,

cr e a s e a n o th e r d o cto r call e d th e d i s c o v e r e r o f b e w i tc hi n g
, ,

ma tt e r i s th e n s umm o n e d w h o pr o fes s e s t o d i s c o v e r th e part y

,
’
,

s u pp o s e d t o h av e b e wi t ch e d hi m T h e g u i l t h av i n g b e e n afli xe d .
,

afte r ma n y ab s u rd c er e m o n i es u p o n s o m e u n for tu n ate wr e tch a , ,

r ep o r t i s mad e to th e c h i e f w h o d ir e cts to rtur e to b e i n fli c te d o n

,

h i m fo r th e purp o s e o f e l i ci ti n g c o n fe s s i o n
, T h e u s ual m e th o d .

o f to rt ur e i s by th e appl i ca ti o n o f h e a t e d s to n e s to th e te n d e r es t

parts o f th e o u ts tr e tch e d b o dy th e h a n d s an d fe et b ei n g firs t mad e,

fa s t to fo u r s tak e s at e qual d i s ta n c es w h i l e m yr i ad s o f a n ts ar e ,

s ca tte r e d o v e r th e ag o n i z e d v i c ti m w h o s e s k i n i s e xp o s e d t o th e ,

pai n ful g n aw i n g o f th es e s warm in g i n s e cts It c an b e n o matte r .

o f s urpri s e th a t i nn o c e n t p e r s o n s s ubj e c te d t o th e s e t e rri bl e

p un ,

i s h m e n ts s h o uld b e i n duc e d t o c o n fe s s th e ag e n cy o f w h i c h th e y
,

h av e b e e n accu s e d an d i n s ta n c es ar e o n r e c o rd o f ma n y i n d i v i d
,

n al s p e rfe c tly g u i l tl es s w h o h av e adm i tt e d th e cri m e ra th e r th a n

, ,

to u n d e rg o th e fi ery o rd e al th r o u g h a n a tural dr e ad o f i ts
,

h o rr o r s ”
S teadman s A f r i ca Vo l L p age 37
’
.
, .
, .

Wi tc h craft i s a pro m i n ent an d l e ad in g s up ers titi on am on g all

th e r ac es of A fri ca , an d may b e r e gard e d as o n e o f th e h eav i est
46 S UPE R S TI TI O N A ND WI TCH CRA F T IN N EG R O L A N D .

curs e s w h i ch r es ts up on th at b eni ghte d la n d A p er s on .

e n d o w e d w i th th i s my s te ri o u s ar t i s s upp o s e d t o p o ss e s s l i ttl e l e s s

t h an o m ni p o ten c e H e e x e rci s e s u n l i m i te d c o ntr o l n o t o n ly o v e r

.
,

th e l i v es a n d d e s ti n y o f h i s fell o w m e n b u t o v e r th e w i ld b e a s ts o f
-
,

th e w o o d s o v e r th e s e a a n d dry la n d a n d o v e r all th e e l e m en ts
, ,

o f n a tur e H e may t ra n s fo rm h i m s e lf i n to a ti g e r an d k e e p th e
.
,

c o mmu ni ty i n w h i ch h e l i v e s i n a s ta te o f c o n s ta nt fe ar an d p er
tu r b ati o n ; i nto a n e l e ph a n t a n d d es o la t e th ei r farm s ; o r i nto a
,

sh ark a n d d e v o ur all th e fi s h i n th e i r r i v e r s
, By h i s mag i cal .

arts h e c an k e e p back th e s h o w e rs an d fill th e lan d w i th wa n t ,

a n d di s tr es s Th e l igh tn i ng s o b ey hi s c o mma n d s a n d h e n e e d
.
,

o n ly wav e hi s wa n d t o call fo r th t h e p es ti l e n c e fr o m i ts lurk i n g

plac e Th e s ea i s la sh e d i nto fu ry an d th e s to rm rag e s to e xe

.
,

cu te his b eh ests In s h o rt th er e i s n o thi ng to o h ard for th e

.
,

mach i nati o ns o f w i tch craft Si ck n e s s p o v e rty i n s a ni ty an d al

.
, , ,

m o s t e v e ry e vi l i n c i d e n t to h uma n l ife ar e a s cri b e d to i ts ag en cy

, .

Wi ls on s Af r i ca p age 2 22
’
, .

Ev e ry d e a th w h i ch o ccur s i n th e c o mmu ni ty i s a s cri b e d to

w itch craft an d s o m e o n e c o n s e qu en tly i s gu il ty o f th e w i ck e d
, , ,

d e e d Th e pri esth o o d go to w o rk to find o u t th e g u il ty p e r s o n

. .

It may b e a bro th e r a s i s te r a fa th e r an d i n a fe w e x tr e m e
, , , ,

ca s es e v e n m oth e rs h av e b e e n acc u s e d o f th e u n n a tural d e e d o f

,

cau s i n g th e d e a th o f th ei r o w n o ffspri n g T h e re i s i n fac t n o .

, ,

e fl e c tu al s h i e ld aga i n s t th e s u s p i c i o n o f i t
'

A ge th e tie s o f r e .
,

l ati o n ship o ffici al pr o m i n e n c e a n d g e n e ral b e n e v o l en c e o f c h ar

, ,

ac te r ar e al ik e u n ava il i n g
, Th e pri es th o o d i n c o n s e q u en c e
.
,

o f th e u n i v e r s al b e l i e f i n th e s up e r s ti ti o n h av e u n l i mi te d s c o p e ,

fo r th e i n dul g e n c e o f th e m o s t mal i c i o u s fe e l i ng s an d i n ma n y , ,

ca ses i t i s e x erci s ed wi th u n s p ari n g s e v e ri ty

,
”
Wi ls on s Af r i ca .
’
,

p age 2 2 3 .

Th e i nterc our s e wh i ch th e n ati v es h av e h ad w ith w hite m en

d o e s n o t s e e m to h av e much am el i o rate d th ei r c o n d i ti o n A gre a t .

n u mb e r o f p e r s o n s ar e r e p o r te d to l o s e th ei r l i v e s a n n ually i n dif

fet c h t d i stri cts o f A n g o la by th e c r u e l s up er s ti tio ns to w h i ch th ey

ar e add i cte d ; a n d th e Po rtugu es e au th o ri ti es e i th e r k n o w n o thi n g

o f th e m o r ar e u n abl e to pr e v e nt th e i r o ccurr e n c e
,
Th e n ati v e s .
 UPE R S TI TI O N WI TC H CR A F T 47
'

S A N D IN N EG R OL A N D .

ar e b o u n d to s e cre cy by th o s e w h o adm i ni s te r th e o rd e al w hi ch ,

g e n e rally cau s es th e d e ath o f th e v i ctim A p e r s o n w h e n a o .

,

c u s e d o f w i tc h craft w i ll o fte n trav e l fro m d i s ta n t d i s tri c ts

, in ,

o rd e r to a s s e r t h er i nn o c en cy a n d brav e th e t e s t T h e y c o m e to .

a ri v e r o n th e C a s s a n g e call e d D u a dri n k th e i nfus i o n o f a

, ,

p oi s o n o u s tr e e an d p eri s h u nk n o w n A w o man w as accu s e d by

, .

a bro th e r i h l a w o f b e i n g th e cau se o f h i s s i ckn e s s w hil e w e w e r e

- -

at C a s s a n g e S h e o ff e r e d to tak e th e o r d eal as s h e h ad th e i d e a
'

.
,

“
th a t i t w o uld b u t pr o v e h er c o n s c i o u s i n n o c e n c e Cap t a i n N e v e s .

r efu s e d hi s c o n s en t to h er g o i n g a n d th u s s av e d h er l i fe w h i ch , ,

w o uld h av e b e e n s acrific e d for th e p oi s o n i s v e ry v i rul ent ,

Th e n .

a s tro n g s to mach r ej e c ts i t th e accu s e r r ei tera te s h i s ch arg e ; t h e

,

d o s e i s r ep e ate d a n d th e p e r s o n d ie s H un d re d s p e ri sh th u s
’

.
,

e v e ry y e ar i n th e vall ey o f C a ss a n g e
”
L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca .
-
’
,

p age 471 .

In v eral tri b es a ch ild w hi ch i s s ai d to tl ol o (tr an gr e s s )

se ,

i s p u t to d e a th Tl o l o o r tra n s gr e s si o n i s a s cri b e d to s ev e ral

.
,
’
,

curi o u s ca s e s A c hi ld wh o c ut th e upp e r fro nt te e th b e fo re th e

.

u n d e r w as alway s p ut to d e ath am o n g th e Bak aa a n d I b e l i e v e , , ,

al s o am o n g th e Bakw ai ns I n s o m e tri b e s a ca s e o f tw i ns r e n
.
,

d e rs o n e o f th e m l i abl e to d e a th ; a n d an o x w h i c h w h i l e lyi n g , ,

i n th e p e n b e ats th e gr o u n d w i th i ts ta i l i s tr e a t e d i n th e s am e
, ,

way It i s th o ugh t to b e callin g d e ath to v i s i t th e tri b e W h e n

. .

I w as c o m i ng th r o ugh L o n d a my m e n carri e d a g r e at n umb e r o f ,

fo wl s o f a larg e r br e e d th a n an y th ey h ad at h o m e If o n e
, .

cro w e d b e fo r e m i d n i gh t i t h a d b e en gu i lty o f tl ol o an d w as
, ,
’

k i ll e d Th e m e n o fte n c arri e d th e m s ittin g o n th ei r gu ns an d if

.
,

o n e b e ga n to c r e w i n a fo r e s t th e o w n e r w o u ld g i v e i t a b e a ti n g
, ,

by way o f te achin g i t n o t to b e gu i l ty o f cro w i n g at u n s e a s on abl e

h o urs — L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i c a p age 6 1 8
.
’
, .

Wh en a p e rs o n o f i nfl u en c e i s tak en ill o r d ie s th e cau s e i s , ,

e ag e rly s o ugh t afte r n o t i n th e n a tur e o f th e d i s e a s e b u t i n s o m e

, ,

p ers on w h o w as at e n m ity w i th th e d e c e a s e d o r w h o h ad ac te d i n ,

s o m e way to e xc i te s u s p i c i o n Thi s w a s v e ry n atural i n th e m a s

. ,

th e y di d n o t b el i e v e i n a n o v e rr u l i n g Pr o v i d e n c e
,
It w a s th e .

u ni v e rs al b el i e f as w ell a s th ei r w i sh th a t m en w o ul d l i v e al way
, , ,
48 S UPER S TI TI O N A ND WI TO H O R A F T IN N EG R OL A N D .

an d th at
d eath was e nti rel y th e r e s ul t o f w itch craft o r m e d i cine ,

i mparte d by s o m e mali g n a n t h a n d o r o f s o me ca s ual ty o r wa n t , ,

o f fo o d Th e d e a th o f th e p o o r e x c i te d b u t l i ttl e s o rr o w ; an d l e s s
.

s urm i s e ; o n th e o th e r h a n d I h av e k n o w n i n s ta n c es w h e r e th e
,

d o m es ti c s o f a pri n ci pal m an h av e b e e n murd er e d i n c o ld bl o o d ,

j u s t b e cau s e i t w as s u s p e c te d th a t th ey h a d s o m ethin g to d o w i th
th ei r m aster s s i ck n es s
’ ”
Mofi at s A f r i ca p age 2 9 2
.
’
, .

d iffe r ent to w n s an d v i lla g e s th ro u gh wh i ch w e p as s e d

A t th e ,

th e y bro u gh t to u s all t h e s i ck t o b e cu re d N o r w a s i t th e s i ck .

al o n e w h o s o ugh t advi c e b ut m en an d w o m en o f all d es crip ti o ns

, ,

th e fo rm e r fo r s o m e r e m e dy agai n s t i mp o te n cy a n d th e latte r ,

to r e m o v e s te ri l ity Ma ny cam e fo r pr e v e nti v e s a g a i n s t app r e

.

h e n d e d o r bar e ly p o s s ibl e calam iti e s ; a n d i n a nti c ipa ti o n o f th e ,

i mag i n abl e i ll s o f l i fe r e s o r te d to u s i n full h o p e an d c o n fid e n c e

,

o f o u r b e i n g abl e to ward t h e m o ff Th e w o m e n w e r e parti e n .

l ar ly fa n c i ful i n th es e matte r s an d w e r e fr e qu e n tly i mp o rtu n ate

,

t o r e c e i v e m e d i c i n es th at w o uld pr es er v e th e a ff e c ti o n s o f th ei r
g alla nts i n s ure th e m h u sba n d s o r w h at w as hi gh ly cri m i n al
, , , ,

e ff e c t th e d ea th o f s o m e fav o r e d r i val
”
Clap p er ton s Af r i ca Vo l .
’
, .

I II .
, p age 2 39 .

my i n s ta n c e Ben der ach man i s ent a c o uri er to N yfl ee to

'

At , ,

e n d e av o r t o r e c o v e r Mr H or n e m an n s ma n u s cri p ts fo r w h i ch I
’
.
,

o ff e r e d h i m a r e ward o f a h u n dr e d d o llar s ; b u t o n my r e turn fro m

S ac kato o I fo u n d th e m es s en g e r c o m e back w i th th e i n fo rma ti o n ,

th at J u s s uf Fe l atah a l e ar n e d m an o f th e c o u ntry w i t h w h o m
, ,

Mr Ho r n em an n l o dg e d h a d b e e n bur n e d i n hi s o w n h o u s e t o
.
, ,

g e th e r w i th all Mr H or n em an n s pap e rs by th e n egro rabbl e

.
’
, ,

fro m a s up erstiti o u s dr e ad o f h i s h o ld i ng i nterc o ur s e w i th e v i l

Sp i r its Clapp er i on s A f r i ca Vo l I V p age 5 6
” ’
. . . .
, ,

amara s h av e gre at fai th i n wi tch craft Ind i vi d ual s

‘

Th e D .

v e rs e d i n th e black ar t ar e call e d O mu n du O ngan ga an d ar e -

,

much s o ugh t afte r A ny p er s o n falli n g s i ck i s i mm ed i a tely at

.

t en d e d b y o n e o f th e s e i mp os to r s w h o s e pan ac e a i s to b es m e ar ,

th e m o u th an d th e fo r eh e ad o f th e pa ti ent w i th th e o rdur e o f th e
50 S UF E R S TI TI O N A N D WI TO H O R A F T IN N EGR OL A N D .

Clapp er to n , ate d i t a s th e c o n vi cti o n o f th e w h o l e c ity a n d h i s

st

o w n th a t th e E n gl i s h h a d th e p o w e r o f c o n v e r ti n g m e n i n to a s s e s
, ,

g o a ts a n d m o n k ey s an d l ik e wi s e th at by r e ad i n g i n h i s b o o k h e
, ,

c o uld at any ti m e c o mmu te a h a n dful o f e arth i nto g o ld ” —

Mur .

A f r i can D i s cover i es , p age 1 62

’
r ay s .

In ti m e s of tri bulati o n , th e
mag i ci an i f h e a s c e rtain s a war i s ,

pr oj e c te d by i n s p e cti n g th e bl o o d an d b o n e s o f a fo wl w hi ch h e
,

h a s flay e d for th a t p u rp o s e fl ays a y o u n g ch i ld a n d h av i n g la i d

, , ,

i t l e n g th w i s e o n a path d i r e c ts all t h e warr i o r s o n pr o c e e di n g t o

, ,

ba ttl e t o s te p o v e r h i s s acrific e a n d i n s ur e th e m s e lv e s v i c to ry
, .

A n o th e r o f th e s e e x tra barbar o u s d e v i c e s t ak e s plac e w h e n a c h i e f

w i s h e s to mak e war o n h i s n e i g h b o r by h i s call i n g i n a mag i ci a n ,

to d i s c o v e r a pr o p i ti o u s ti m e fo r c o mm e n c i n g Th e d o c to r plac e s .

a larg e e ar th e n v e s s el h alf full o f wa te r o v e r a fir e a n d o v e r i ts

, , ,

m o u th a gra ti n g o f s ti ck s w h e r e o n h e l ay s a s mall c h i ld an d a
,

fo wl s i d e by s i d e a n d c o v e r s th e m o v e r w i th a s e c o n d larg e
,

e ar th e n v e s s e l j u s t l ik e th e firs t o n ly i n v e r te d t o ke e p th e s te am
, , ,

i n w h e n h e s et s fir e b e l o w c o o k s fo r a c e rta i n p e r i o d o f ti m e
, , ,

a n d th e n l o o k s t o s e e i f h i s v i c ti m s ar e s ti ll l i v i n g o r d e ad ,

w h en s h o uld th ey b e d e ad th e war mu s t b e d e fe rr e d b ut o th e r
, , ,

w i s e c o mm e n c e d at o n c e
, Sp eke s A f r i ca p age 2 1
.
’
, .

pre v e nt a ny e v i l appro achi n g th e i r d we ll i ng s a s qua sh e d

To ,

fro g o r a ny o th er s u ch ab s u rd i ty w h en plac e d o n th e back i s

, , ,

c o n si d er e d a s p e cific ”
Sp eke s A f ri c a p age 2 2
.
’
, .

k i n g w as s urro u n d e d by s o rc e r er s b oth m e n an d w o m e n
Th e , .

Th es e p eopl e w e r e d i s ti ngu ish e d fro m o th er s by w i tch l i k e c h ap -

l e ts o f vari o u s d r i e d r o o ts w o r n up o n th e h e ad ; s o m e o f th e m h a d
dri e d l i zards cr o c o d il e s t e e th l i o ns cla w s a n d m i nu te to r toi se
,
’
,
’

s h ell s add e d to th ei r c o ll e c ti o n o f ch arm s Th ey c o uld h av e

, .

s ub s cri b e d t o th e w i tch e s caldr o n o f M acb e th

’
,

“ Eye o f n w t a d to o f f o g
e n e r ,

W oo l o f b at an d t o n g e o f d o g u ,

A dd e s fo k an d b l i n d w o r m s s ti ng
r
’
r
’
,

L i z ar d s l eg an d o wl et s w i n g
’ ’
,
 F or a ch ar m o f p o w e rf ul t ou b l e r ,

L kei a h ell br o th b oil a n d b ubb l e

-
.
”

Baker G r eat B a s i n f the N i le, p 411

’
s c age .

O n wh en I w a s qu i etl y s i tti ng i n my h o u s e
th e 2 1 s t of Ju n e , ,

o n e o f th e g o v e r n o r s s e rva nts w h o w as w ell d i sp o s e d to ward

’
,

m e a n d w h o u s e d t o call o cca s i o n all y s udd e n ly mad e h i s a p

, ,

p e ar an c e w i th a v e ry s e ri o u s c o u nte n a n c e a n d afte r s o m e h es i , ,

t ati e n a n d a fe w i n tr o duc to ry r e mark s d e l i v e r e d a m e s s ag e fr o m ,

th e g o v e r n o r to th e fo l l o w i n g e ff e c t : H e wa n te d to k n o w fr o m
m e w h e th e r i t w as tru e (a s w as rum o r e d i n th e to w n a n d a s th e ,

p e o pl e h a d t o ld hi m) th a t a s s o o n as a th u n d e r s to r m w a s ,
-

gath e ri n g an d w h e n th e cl o u d s app e ar e d i n th e sky I w e nt o u t

, ,

o f my h o u s e a n d mad e th e cl o ud s w i th draw ; fo r th e y h a d a s s ur e d

h i m th at th ey h a d r ep e a te dly n o ti c e d th a t a s s o o n a s I l o o k e d at ,

th e cl o ud s wi th a c e r ta i n a i r o f c o mma n d th e y p a s s e d by w i th ,

” —
o u t br i n g i n g a s in gl e dr o p o f ra i n Bar th s A f r i ca Vo l I L ’
.
, .
,

p a ge 5 09 .

A tr e e i n Kuk iya w a s r e markabl e o n acc o u nt o f a p e cul i ar

c h arm w hi c h tes tifie d to th e ma n y r e m ai n s o f pa g a n r i te s s till
,

l i n g e ri n g i n th es e c o u ntri es It c o n si s te d o f tw o e arth e n p o ts
.
,

plac e d o n e up o n th e o th e r a n d fill e d w i th a p e cul i ar s u b s ta n c e

, ,

a n d w a s s upp o s e d t o guara n t ee p r o lific n e s s to th e mar es o f th e

v i llag e ” —
B a r th s A f r i ca Vo l I L p age 4 27
’
.
, .
, .

par t o f A fri ca ar e a s o rt o f s cr ee ch o wl s w h i ch i n th e
In th i s -
,

n i g h t mak e a v e ry d is mal n o i s e a n d ar e tak e n by th e n a ti v e s fo r ,

w i tc h e s If o n e o f th es e b i r d s h app en s to c o m e i n to a t o w n at
.

n i g h t th e p e o pl e ar e all up firi n g a t i t a n d a s I d o n o t fi n d th a t
, ;
th ey e v er h a d th e g o o d fo r t u n e t o s h o o t a n y o f t h e m th e p o o r ,

cr e at ur e s s till c o n ti nu e i n th e o p in i o n o f th ei r b e i n g w i tc h es ”
.

Moor e s ’
I nland Pa r ts O
f A f r i ca , p age 1 07 .

Black ma gi c is u s u ally pu ni sh e d b y th e s ta ke . In so m e p arts

52 S UPER S TI TI O N A N D WI TCH CR A FT IN N EGR OL A N D .

of th ec o u ntry th e r o ad si d e s h o w s at e v e ry few m i l es a h e ap o r
, , ,

t w o o f a s h e s w i th a fe w calc i n e d a n d black e n e d h u ma n b o n es
,

m i x e d w i th b i ts o f h alf c o n s um e d c h arc o al t e ll i n g th e trag e dy

-
,

th a t h as b e en e n ac te d th e r e Th e pr o sp e c t ca nn o t b e c o n te m
.

plate d wi th o u t h o rr o r H er e an d th e r e cl o s e to th e larg e r c ir c l es
.
,

w h e r e th e fath e r an d m o th er h av e b een b u rn t a s mall e r h e ap ,

s h o w s th a t s o m e wr e t ch e d c h i ld h as s h ar e d th e i r t e r ri bl e fa te l e s t , ,

gro w i n g u p h e s h o uld foll o w i n hi s p ar en ts pa th — Bu r ton s

,
’
.
’

A f r i ca , p age 9 2 .

W i th th e ai d o f s lav e ry an d black mag i c th ey r e n d e r th e i r,

s ubj e cts l i v e s a s pr e car i o u s a s th e y w e ll c an ; n o o n e e s p e c i ally

’
,

in o ld age , i s s afe fro m b ei n g burn e d at a day s n oti c e ” ’

.

Burton s Af r i ca p age 9 6
’
, .

Th e child wh o cu ts pp e r i n ci so r s b efo re th e l o w e r
th e tw o u ,

i s e i th e r p ut to d e a th o r i s g i v e n away o r s o ld to th e s lav e m er
, ,
-

ch a nt u nd e r th e i mpr es si o n th at i t w i ll bri ng di se a s e calam i ty

, , ,

an d d e ath i nto th e h o u s eh o ld B ur ton s A f r i ca p age 9 4 ’

.
, .

Th e pri n cipal i n s trum ent o f th e mag i ci a n s craft i s o n e of th e ’

d i rty l i ttl e g o urd s w hi c h h e w e ar s i n a b u n c h r o u n d h i s wa i s t a n d ,

th e fo ll o wi n g i s th e u s ual pr o gramm e w h e n t h e o racl e i s to b e

c o n s ul te d : Th e mag i ci a n bri n g s h i s i mpl e m en ts i n a b ag o f
matti n g ; h i s d e m e an o r i s s e ri o u s a s th e o cca si o n ; h e i s car e fully
gr e a s e d an d h i s h e ad i s ad o rn e d w i th th e d im i n u ti v e a n te l o p e
,

h o rn s fa ste n e d by a th o n g o f l e a th e r ab o v e th e fo r eh e ad H e s i ts .

l i k e a s ul tan u p o n a dwarf o f s te e l i n fro nt o f th e qu e ri s t an d b e ,

g i n s by e x h o rt i n g th e h i g h es t p o s s i bl e o ffer to ry N 0 pay n o p r e .
,

d i ct D i vi n ati o n b y th e g o urd h as alr e ady b e e n d es c r ib e d ; th e

.

mag i ci a n h as man y o th e r i mpl e m en ts o f h i s craft S o m e pr o p h e s y .

by th e m o ti on o f b erri e s s w i mm in g i n a c up full o f wate r w hi c h ,

i s plac e d up o n a l o w s to o l s u rr o u n d e d by fo ur ta il s o f th e z ebra
,

o r t h e bu ffal o l a s h e d t o s ti ck s plan t e d upri gh t i n th e gr o u n d .

Th e ka s a n da i s a sy s te m o f fo ld i n g tri a n gl es n o t u nl ik e th o s e u p o n
w hi ch play thi n g s o ld i er s ar e m o u nte d H eld i n th e ri g h t h a n d
.
,

i t i s th r o w n o u t a n d th e d ir ec ti o n o f th e e n d p oi nts to th e s afe
,
 S U ER SP TI TI O N A N D IVI TCH CR A F T IN N EG R OL A N D .

an d au s p i c i o u s r o u te T hi s i s pro bably th e r u d es t appl ia n c e o f

.

pre s ti d i g i ta ti o n Th e s h e ro i s a b i t o f w o o d ab o u t th e s iz e o f a
.

m a n s h a n d a n d n o t u n l ik e a pa i r o f b e ll o w s w i th a d w a r f
’
, ,

h a n dl e a pr oj e c ti o n l ik e a n o zzl e a n d i n th e c i rcular c e n tr e a
, ,

l ittl e h o ll o w T hi s i s fill e d w i th wa te r a n d a gra i n o r fr agm e nt

.
,

o f w o o d p l a c e d t o fl o a t g i v e s a n e v i l o m e n i f i t te n d s t o w ard th e
, ,

s i d e s a n d fav o rabl e i f i t v e e r s to ward th e h a n dl e o f th e n o zzl e

”
.
,

Bur to n s A f r i ca p age 509

’
-
.
,

Th e n a ti v e s of ma n y p ar ti cula rs v e ry s up er s ti
B ih e ar e , in ,

ti o u s . If o n s e tti n g o ut o n a j o ur n e y a s tag o r g o at cro s s e s th ei r

, ,

pa th o r if e v e n a s ti ck fall s acro s s i t th e y r e turn a n d h av e r e

, ,

c o u rs e to th ei r d i v i n e r s to i nte rpr e t th i s fo rm i dabl e o m e n H av

, .

i n g a n o i n te d th e m s e lv e s w i th s o m e pr epara ti o n o f ar o ma ti c h e rb s
a n d r o o ts w hi c h h av e fo r a c e r ta i n p e r i o d b e e n b u ri e d u n d e r th e i r
,

b e d s th e y c o ns i d e r th at th ey may pro c e e d o n th e i r j o urn ey w i th

,

o ut da n g e r Va ldez s A f r i ca Vo l IL p age 330

” ’
.
.
, .
,

So m e practi c es ar e m o s t r i d i c u l o u s Fo r i n s ta n c e
of th ei r .
,

th e y w i ll t ak e th e h o r n o f a s tag a n d th r o w i n g i n to th e cav i ty th e ,

claw s o f c e rta i n b i rd s s o m e fe a th e r s an d r o ots c o v e r i t w i th th e

, , ,

s k in o f a m o n k e y Th e n t ak i n g a larg e h o rn th e y th ro w i n to it
.
, ,

t h r e e s mall e r o n es e x trac te d fr o m faw n s o f a m o n th o l d a n d fill

, ,

i t w i th a par ti cu lar k i n d o f pa s te W h e n th e y d e s i re a fav o r fr o m

.

a n y o n e o f th e i r i d o l s th e y w hi s tl e i n to th e h o rn i g n i te s o m e gu n ,

p o wd e r w h i ch h as b e e n th r o w n i nto i t an d th e n da n c e a n d s i n g , .

T h ey al s o pr e s e rv e th e p o wd e r o f a c e rtai n k i n d o f w o o d th e ,

h e ad s o f c e r ta i n s n ak e s a n d th e cla w s o f c e r ta i n b i rd s — all th e s e
, ,

b ei n g c o n si d er e d as a nti d o te s aga i n s t di s e a s e T h e s e cu s to m s ar e .

o b s e r ve d by th e c h i e fs th e m s e lv es a s lawful a n d n e c e s s ary
”
.

Va ldez s Af r i ca; Vo l IL p age 330

’
.
, .

S u p e r s ti ti o n s ee m s i n th e s e c o u ntri e s to h av e r un w ild a n d ,

ev e ry m an b el i e v e s w h at h i s fan cy by s o m e acc i d e n t m o s t fo rc i
, ,

bly pr es e n ts to h im as h ur tful o r b e n e fici al — D a Cha itlu s E u a ” ’

q .

tor tal A f r i ca , p age 38 3 .

54 S UPE R S TI TI O N A N D WI TCH CR A F T IN N EGR OL A N D .

If th e A fr i ca n i s o n c e p o s s e s s e d w i th th e b el i e f th at h e i s b e
w i tch e d h i s n atu r e s e e m s t o c h a n g e H e b e c o m e s s u s p ic i o u s o f
,
.

h i s d e ar e s t fr i e n d s Th e fath e r dr e ad s hi s c h i ld r e n ; th e s o n h i s
.

fath e r a n d m o th e r ; th e m an h i s w i fe ; a n d th e w i v e s th ei r h u s
ban d H e fan c i e s h i m s e l f s i c k an d r e ally o fte n b e c o m e s s i c k
.
,

th r o ug h hi s fe ar s By n i g h t h e th i n k s h i m s e lf s urr o u n d e d w i th
.

e v i l s p i r i ts H e c o v e r s hi m s e lf w ith fe ti ch e s a n d c h arm s ; mak e s

.

pr e s e nts to th e i d o l an d to A b am b o u a n d Mb ui r r i ; an d i s full o f
,

w o n d e rful an d fri gh tful dre am s w h i ch all p o i n t to th e fac t th at

,

th e v i llag e i s full o f w i ck e d s o rc e r ers G ra dually th e Vi llag e .

i tse lf b e c o m e s i n fe c te d by hi s fe ar s Th e p e o pl e gr o w s u s p i c i o u s
. .

Ch a n c e tu r n s th e i r s u s p i ci o n s to s o m e u nlucky i n d i vi d u al w h o i s
s u pp o s e d t o h av e a r e a s o n fo r a grudg e Fi n ally th e e x c i te m e n t .

b e c o m e s to o h igh to b e r e s tra i n e d ; a n d o fte n th e y d o n o t e v e n

wa i t fo r a d e ath b u t b e g in at o n c e th e w o rk o f bu tc h er i n g th o s e
,

o n w h o m publ i c s u s p i c i o n i s fa s te n e d A t l e a s t s e v e n ty fi ve p er.
-

c ent o f th e d e a th s i n all th e tri b es ar e murd e r s fo r s upp o s e d s o r

c e ry — D a Chai llu s E qu ator i a l A f r i ca p age 38 6
.
’
, .

I n oti c e d i n th e vi llag e o f Yo o n go ol ap ay a cu s to m o r s up er s ti
ti o n w hi c h i s c o mm o n to all th e tri b es I h av e v i s i t e d a n d th e r e a ,

son , o r s u pp o s e d r e a s o n for w hi c h I h av e n e v e r b e e n abl e ,

t o p e r s uad e a n y o n e t o t e ll m e O n th e fir s t n i g h t w h e n th e n e w
.

m o o n i s v i s ibl e al l i s k e p t s i l e n t i n th e v i llag e ; n ob o dy s p e ak s
,

b u t i n a n u n d e r to n e a n d i n th e c o ur s e o f th e e v e n i n g Ki n g A l upay
-

cam e o u t o f h i s h o u s e a n d da n c e d al o n g th e s tr e e t h i s fac e a n d ,

b o dy pa i nte d i n bla ck r e d an d w hi te a n d s p o tte d all o v e r w i th

, , ,

Spo ts th e s i z e o f a p e ach In th e d i m m o o n l i g h t h e h a d a fr i g h t
.

f ul app e ara n c e w hi ch mad e m e s h udd e r a t fir s t

, I a s k e d hi m .

w h y h e pa i n te d th u s b u t h e o nly a n s w e r e d by p o i n ti n g to th e
,

m o o n w i th o u t sp e ak i n g a w o rd
, D u Cha illu s E q ua tor i a l.
’

A f r i ca p age 1 4 1
, .

r e e gre e s ar e g e n e rally w o r n ab o u t th e n e ck o r wa i st ; ar e
G
mad e o f th e s k i n s o f rar e a ni mal s o f th e claw s o f b i r d s th e tee th
, ,

o f cr o c o d i l e s o r l eo pard s o f th e d r i e d fl es h a n d bra i n s o f a n i mal s

, ,

o f th e fe a th e r s o f rar e b i rd s o f th e a s h e s o f c e r ta i n k i n d s o f w o o d
, ,

o f th e s k i n an d b on e s o f s erp en ts e tc e tc Ev e ry gr e e gr e e h as
, .
, .
 S UPE R S TI TI O N A N D WI TCH CR A F T
'
IN N EG R OL A N D .

a s p e c i al p o w e r O n e pr o te c ts fr o m s i ck n e s s ; a n o th e r ma ke s
.

th e h e ar t o f th e h u n t e r o r warri o r brav e ; a n o th e r g i v e s s u cc e s s t o
t h e l o v e r ; a n o th e r p r o te c ts aga i n s t s o rc e ry ; s o m e c u r e s t e r i l i ty ,

a n d o th e r s mak e th e m o th e r s br e a s t ab o u n d i n m il k fo r h e r bab e
’
.

Th e c h arm e d l e o pard s s k i n w o rn ab o u t th e war r i o r s m i ddl e i s

’ ’
, ,

s upp o s e d to r e n d e r th a t w o r th y s p e ar pr o o f ; a n d w i th a n i r o n -
,

ch ai n ab o u t h i s n e ck n o b ull et c an hi t hi m If th e c h arm fai l s

, .
,

h i s fa i th i s n o n e th e l e s s fi r m fo r th e n i t i s pla i n th a t s o m e p o ,

t en t a n d w i cke d s o rc e r e r h as w o rk e d a to o p o w e rful c o u n te r
” —
S p e ll a n d t o thi s h e h a s fall en a v i c ti m B u Chai llu s E qu a ’
.
,

to r i at A f r i ca p age 385 , .

G g th e ra s cal s h a d k ill e d th e p o o r o ld m a n w h o m
ue ssin ,

th e y d e n o u n c e d a s a w i z ard a n d t ur n i n g my s te p t o ward t h e ,

ri v e r I w a s m et by th e cr o w d r etur n i n g e v e ry m an arm e d w ith

, ,

axe , k n i fe cu tla s s o r s p e ar an d th e s e w e ap o n s an d th e i r o w n
, , ,

h a n d s a n d arm s a n d b o d i e s all s p r i nkl e d w i th th e bl o o d o f th e i r

, , ,

vi c ti m In th e i r fr e n zy th e y h ad ti e d th e p o o r w i z ard t o a l o g
.

n e ar th e r i v e r ba n k a n d th e n d e l i b e ra te ly h ack e d h i m i n to ma n y
,

p i e c es T h ey fi ni s h e d by s pl itti n g o p e n h is s kull an d s catte ri ng

.

” —
th e bra i n s i n th e wa te r
’
D a Chai llu s E qu ator i al A f r i ca p age 63
’
.
, .

O ne o f th e h u n te r s h a d s h o t w h e n th e carca ss a w i ld bull , an d

w as br o ug h t i n th e g o o d fe ll o w s e n t m e an abu n da n t s upply o f
,

th e b e s t p o r ti o n s Th e m e at i s to u g h b u t w a s m o s t w e lc o m e fo r
.
,

a ch an g e I h ad a gr e a t p i e c e b o i l e d fo r d i nn e r an d e xp e c te d
.
,

K i n g Q u e n gu e z a to e a t a s m u c h a s w o uld mak e s e v e ral h u ngry

w hi te m e n s i ck J udg e o f my s urpri s e w h e n c o m i n g to t h e tabl e
.
, ,

a n d s e e i n g o n ly th e m e a t h e r e fu s e d t o t o u c h i t I a s k e d wh y
, . .

It i s r o o n d a h fo r m e h e r e pl i e d A nd th e n i n a n s w e r t o my
,
’
.
,

qu e s ti o n e xpla i n e d th at th e m e at o f th e b o s b r ach i ch er o s w as fo r
,

hi dd e n to h i s fam i ly a n d w as a n ab o m i n a ti o n t o th e m fo r th e
, ,

r e a s o n tha t man y g en e ra tio n s a go o n e o f th ei r w o m e n gav e b i r th

to a calf i n s te ad o f a c h i ld I laugh e d b u t th e k i n g r epl i e d v e r y
.
,

s o b e rly th a t h e c o uld s h o w m e a w o ma n o f a n o th e r fam ily

w h o s e gr a n dm o th e r h ad gi v e n b i r th to a c r o c o d il e — fo r w hi c h ,

r e a s o n th e cro c o d il e w as r o o n dah to th a t fam ily Q u en gu ez a .

w o uld n e v e r t o uc h my s al t b e e f n o r e v e n th e p o rk fe ari n g l es t i t , ,
56 S U ER SP TI TI O N A N D WI TCH CR AF T IN N EG R OLA N D .

h ad b e en i n c o n tac t w i th th e b e e f I nd e e d th ey ar e all r e l i g io u sl y
.

s crupul o u s i n th i s ma tte r ; a n d I fo u n d o n i n q u i r y afte r w ard th a t , ,

s carc e a m an c an b e f o u n d to w h o m s o m e ar ti c l e o f fo o d i s n o t

r o o n dah S o m e dar e n o t t a s te c r o c o d i l e s o m e h ipp o p o t amu s

.
’
, ,

s o m e mo nk e y s o m e b o a s o m e w i ld p i g a n d all fr o m t hi s s a m e
, , ,

b el i e f Th e y w i ll l ite rall y s u ffe r th e pa n g s o f s tarvati o n rath e r

.

th a n br e ak th r o ugh th i s pr ej u d i c e ; a n d th e y firmly b e l i e v e th a t i f
o n e o f a fam i ly s h o uld e at o f s uc h fo rb i dd e n fo o d th e w o m e n o f ,

th e s am e fam i l y w o uld s ur e ly m i s carry a n d g i v e b i r th t o m e n ,

s tr os i ti e s i n th e s h ap e o f th e a ni mal w hi c h i s r o o n d ah o r e l s e d i e ,

” —
o f an awful d i s e a s e D u Cha i llu s E qu ator i a l A f r i ca p age 355
’
. .
,

Wh en w e s to pp e d fo r br e akfa s t n e x t day I n o ti c e d a l i ttl e ,

way fro m u s a n e x tra o rd i n ary tre e qu i te th e larg e s t i n h e i g h t an d ,

c i rcumfer e n c e I e v e r s aw i n A fr i ca It w as a r e al m o n ar c h o f .

e v e n thi s gr e a t fo r es t It r o s e i n o n e s tra i g h t a n d maj es ti c tr u n k

.
,

e n ti r e ly bra n c h l es s til l th e t o p r e ac h e d far ab o v e all th e s urr o u n d

,

i n g tr e e s T h e r e at th e top th e bra n ch es w e re s pr e ad o u t s o m e
.

w h at l ik e an u mbr ella b u t c o u ld n o t g i v e much s h ad e b e i n g s o

, ,

h igh . I fo u n d th at thi s tr e e w a s h i gh ly v e n e rate d by th e p eo pl e ,

w h o call i t th e o l o um i Its k in d i s n o t c o mm o n e v e n h e r e w h e r e
.
,

i ts h o m e i s s a i d to b e Its bark ar e s ai d to h av e c e rta i n h e al i n g

.

pro p e r tie s an d i s al s o i n r e qu e st fro m a b el i e f th a t i f a m an g oi n g

,

o ff o n a trad i n g e xp e d iti o n wa sh e s h i ms e lf firs t all o v e r i n a d e

c o c ti o n o f i ts ju i c e s i n wa te r h e w i ll b e lucky an d s h r e wd i n mak
,

i ng barga i n s Fo r thi s r e a s o n gr e a t s trip s w e r e t o r n o ff thi s tr e e

.

” —
t o th e h ei gh t o f at l e a s t tw e n ty fe et D u Cha i llu s E qu ator i a l ’
.

Af r i ca p age 308, .

Th e mo rn i n g b efo r e w e acci d e ntally s tumbl e d

s et o u t, we
acro s s o n e o f th e s e acts o f barbari s m w h i ch ch i ll th e bl o o d o f a
c i v i l i z e d m an th o ugh b ut s l i g htly r e g ard e d by th e n e gro e s I
, .

w a s h u n ti n g i n th e w o o d s n e ar th e v i llag e an d s a w s i tti n g o n a ,

tr e e a t s o m e d i s ta n c e a pai r o f b e au ti ful g r e e n p i g eo n s w h i c h I ,

wa nte d much for my c o ll e c ti o n o f b i rd s By d i n t o f much e xer .

t i o n I p e n e tra te d th e j u n gl e to th e fo o t o f t h e tr e e a n d h e r e a
, ,

g h a s tly s igh t m et my e y e s It w a s th e c o rp s e o f a w o ma n y o u ng
.
,

e v i d e ntl y a n d w i th fe a tur e s o n c e m i ld a n d go o d
, S he h ad b ee n .
58 F E TI G H I S M , P R I E S TCR A F T , A N D I D O L A TR Y .

Id o l w o rs hip i n A fr i ca c o n fi n e s th e i d ol a te r to n o par tic ul ar

i d o l ; a s h e a ttr i bu tes h i s pr o s p e r i ty to th e p r o te c ti n g c ar e o f h i s
feti ch h e w i ll a s l o n g a s h i s p r o s p e ri ty c o n ti n u e s r e ma i n s te ad
, , ,

fa st to th e w o r s hip o f th at p ar ti cu l ar feti c h ; b u t w h e n difli c ul ti es

ari s e a n d h e i s b es e t w i th p e rpl e x i ti e s h e w i ll ra n g e a t w i ll a s
, , ,

fan cy di re c ts hi m to a th o u s a n d diffe r e n t o bj e cts an d mak e th e m

, ,

th e g o d s o f hi s gr o s s i d o la tr y Th e pr o s p e r o u s m an i s th e r e fo r e
.

c o n fi ne d i n h i s w o r ship to fe w e r i d o l s an d O b s e rva n c e s th an th e
u n fo r tu n a te Th e fo rm e r h as fa i th i n th e p o w e r o f hi s i d o l w h i l e
.
,

th e la tte r ca n n o t r e s t u n ti l h e h a s fo u n d a r el i e f fr o m hi s tr o ubl es ;
a n d h e n c e th e mu l ti pl i c a ti o n o f h i s i d o l s a n d o f hi s m o d e s o f

w o r s h ip .
”
Cmci chs ha nh s A f r i ca Vo l I L p age 1 32
’
, .
, .

W h en any calam i ty i s g e n eral s uch as a d r o u gh t a d e arth a , , ,

p e s til e n c e o r wa n t o f s ucc e s s i n war th e w h o l e p o p u la ti o n o r

, ,

th ei r r e pr es e nt ati v e s w i th th e i r c h i e fs a n d h e ad m e n r e pa i r t o th e
, ,

c h i e f b o o s s um to mak e th ei r o ffe ri n g s an d s acrific e a n d to s e ek , ,

th r o u g h th e i n te rc es s i o n o f t h e pr i e s ts a m i ti ga ti o n a n d a r e l e a s e
,

fro m th ei r s u fferi n g s T h es e pr i e s ts a w ar e o f th e n e c e s si ty o f
.
,

mak i n g a d e e p i mpr e s s i o n u p o n s uc h m o m en to u s o cca si o n s s ur ,

r o u n d th e w h o l e o f th e i r pro c e e d i n g s w i th a fe arful s e cr e cy an d
m y s te r i o u s s o l e m n i ty calcula te d t o aw e th e m i n d s o f th e s up
,

li c a n t s a n d th e y d e l i v e r th e i r o racl es i n s uc h e n i gma ti cal l a n

p ,

guag e as may b e capab l e o f a d o ubl e i nterpr eta ti o n Cru tch .

”

s hank s A f r i ca
’
Vol IL p age 1 30
, .
, .

T h er e i s o n e p e cu liar fo rm w hi ch th e fe ti ch w o r ship o f a
,

fam ily ab o u t to b e s epara te d tak e s w hi ch d e s e rv es to b e r e c o rd e d

, ,

a s i n i t w e h av e n o e x t e r n al r e pr e s e n t a ti o n o f an i d o l In v i e w .

o f a s e para ti o n w hi c h w i ll m o s t p r o bably pr e v e n t th e m fr o m e v er

aga i n w o rs h i pp i n g th e b o o s s u m t o w h i ch th e y h av e mad e th e i r
,

d e v o ti o n s h i th e r to th ey r epa i r to th e pri e s t o r s o fo o a n d h avi n g

, , ,

e xpla i n e d th e i r wa n ts h e p o u n d s up s o m e fe ti c h s ub s ta n c e a n d
, ,

m i x e s i t w i th wa te r i n to a dri n k wh i c h th e w h o l e fam ily s wall o w

,

t o g e th e r W hil e par tak i n g o f thi s s tr an g e c o mmu n i o n th e p r i e s t

.
,

d e c la r e s to th e m th at h i s b o o s s u m c o mma n d s th a t n o n e o f thi s
fam ily s h all e v e r after partak e o f s u c h a n d s uch a n arti cl e o f fo o d ,

n am in g p erh ap s
, fowl mutto n b e e f p o rk e gg s m i lk o r any
, , , , , , ,
 F E TI O H I S M , PR I E S TCR A F T , A N D I D O L A TR Y 59

th i n g w h i ch h e may c h o o s e to m e ntio n at th e ti m e Th e fe ti ch .

e d i c t o n c e p r o n o u n c e d aga i n s t a par ti cular a r ti cl e o f fo o d u n d e r

s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c es n o o n e o f th e fam ily e v e r ta s tes i t m o r e ; a n d

,

t h u s w e fi n d o n e w h o w i ll n o t ta s te a b i t o f c hi ck e n a n o th e r a n ,

e gg a tu r k e y a n d s o o n ; a n d th i s a b s ti n e n c e fr o m a par ti cular
, ,

s p e c i e s o f fo o d d es c e n d s to th e ch i ldr e n w h o ar e u n d e r th e n e c e s ,

” —
s i ty o f o b s e rv i n g a s i mi lar ab s ti n e n c e Cr u i chs hank s A f r i ca ’
.
,

Vo l IL
.
, p age 1 33 .

Th e Fa n s h av e a gr e a t r ev e r e n c e fo r c h arm s a n d feti c h e s ,

a n d e v e n th e l i ttl e c h i ldr e n ar e c o v e r e d w i th th es e t al i s ma n s dul y ,

c o n s e cra te d by th e d o c to r o r gr e e gr e e m an o f th e tri b e T h ey .

plac e e s p e c i al valu e o n ch arm s wh i c h ar e s upp o s e d t o h av e th e

p o w e r t o pro te c t th e i r o w n e r i n ba ttl e Chi e f am o n g th e s e i s a n .

i ro n c h a i n o f w h i c h t h e l i nk s ar e a n i n c h a n d a h alf l o n g by a n
,

i n ch w i d e T h i s i s w o rn o v e r th e l e ft s h o uld e r a n d h a n g in g
.
,

d o w n th e ri gh t s i d e Bes i d e s th i s a n d n e x t t o i t i n valu e i s a
.
, ,

s mall bag w h i c h i s s u s p e n d e d r o u n d th e n e ck o r to t h e s i d e o f th e
,

warri o r This bag i s mak e o f th e s k i n o f s o m e rar e a n i mal and

.
,

c o nt a i n s vari o u s fragm e nts o f o th e r s s uc h a s dri e d m o n k ey s ta il s

,
’
,

th e b o w el s a n d claw s o f o th e r b e a sts s h e ll s fe a th e r s o f b i rd s , , ,

”—
a n d a sh e s o f var i o u s b e a s t s B u Ch ai llu s E quator i a l Af r i ca
’
.
,

p age 1 28 .

Th e i r r e l igio n if i t may b e call e d s o i s th e s am e i n al l t ri b es

, , .

T h ey all b el i e v e i n th e p o w e r o f th e i r i d o l s i n c h ar ms fe ti c h es , , ,

a n d i n e v i l a n d g o o d s p iri ts Mah o m me da n i s m h as n o t p e n e trate d

.

i n to th i s va s t j u n gl e T h e y all b e l i e v e i n w i tc h craft — W ll lCh I

.
, z

thi n k i s m o r e pr e val e n t i n th e W e s t t h a n i n th e Ea s t cau s i n g ,

- i

a n u nto ld am o u n t o f s lau g hte r - B u O h a i ll u s A s h a n O L an d

’
g
v -
.
,

p age 4 28 .

T h ei r fe ti ch es c o n s i s te d o f fing e r s a n d t a il s o f m o nk ey s o f ,

h uma n h a i r s k i n t e eth b o n e s ; o f c l ay o l d n a il s c o pp e r c h a i n s
, , , , , ,

s h e ll s fe a th e r s claw s a n d s kull s o f b i rd s ; p i e c e s o f i r o n c o p e r
, , , p , ,

or wood ; s e e d s o f p l a n ts ; a s h e s o f var i o u s s ub s ta n c e s ; a n d I

ca n no t t ell w h at more Fro m th e g re a t v ari ety an d pl enty o f

.
60 F E TI O H I S M , P R I E S TO R A F T, A N D I D O L A TR Y .

th e s e bj ects o n th ei r p e r so n s I s upp o s e th es e Fan to b e a v e ry

o ,

s up er s ti ti o u s p eo p l e — D u Cha i llu s E u a tor i a l A r i ca

”
f 9 3
’
q a e
.
p g , .

T hi s e v e ni n g I w e nt to s e e th e vi llag e i d o l (th e patro n s ai nt

as i t ma y b e call e d ) a n d t o w i tn es s a gr e a t c e r e m o n y i n th e
,

s acr e d h o u s e A s w i th th e A vu a an d o th e r tri b e s th e i d o l w a s a
.
,

m o n s trou s an d i n d e c e nt r e pr es e n tati o n o f a fe mal e figur e i n w oo d .

I h a d r e mark e d th a t th e furth e r I trav e ll e d to ward th e i nteri o r ,

th e c o ar s e r th e s e w o o de n i d o l s w e r e a n d th e m o r e r o u g h ly th e y ,

w e r e s culp ture d T hi s i d o l w a s k e p t at th e e n d o f a l o n g n ar
.
,

r o w a n d l o w h ut fo rty o r fifty fee t l o n g a n d t e n fee t br o ad a n d

, , , ,

w as pai n te d i n r e d w hi te a n d black c o l o r s
, W h en I e nter e d th e
, .

b u t i t w as full o f A sh a ngo p eo pl e ra n g e d i n o rd e r o n e ac h s i d e , ,

w i th l igh te d to rch es s tuck i n th e g ro u n d b e fo re th e m A m o n g s t .

th e m w e r e c o n sp i cu o u s tw o pr i e s ts d r e s s e d i n cl o th e s o f v e g eta ,

bl e fibr e w i th th e i r s k i n s p a i nte d gr o te s qu e ly i n vari o u s c o l o r s

, ,

o n e s i d e o f th e fac e r e d th e o th e r w hi te a n d i n th e m i ddl e o f th e
, ,

br e a s t a br o ad y e ll o w s tr ip e ; th e c i rcu it o f th e eye w as al s o
daub e d wi th pai n t T h e s e c o l o r s ar e mad e by b o ili n g vari o u s
.

k i n d s o f w o o d an d m i x i n g th e d e c o cti o n w i th clay Th e r e s t o f
, .

th e A s h a n g o s w e r e al s o s tr e ak e d a n d daub e d w i th va r i o u s c o l o r s ,

a n d by th e l i g h t o f th e i r t o rc h es th e y l o o k e d l ik e a tr o o p o f d e v
, ,

ils a s s e mbl e d i n th e l o w e r r eg i o n s to c e l e bra te s o m e d i ab o l i cal

ri te A ro u n d th ei r l eg s w e r e b o u n d w hi te l e av e s fr o m th e h e ar t
.

o f th e palm tr e e ; s o m e w e r e fe a th e r s o th e r s h a d l e av e s t w i s te d
-
,

i n th e s h ap e o f h o r n s b eh i n d th ei r e ar s an d all h a d a bu n dl e o f ,

” —
palm l e av es i n th ei r h a nd s
-
D u Cha i llu s A s hango L and p age
.
’
-
,

31 3 .

A scam e away fro m Mo ui n a s v i llag e a w i tch d o cto r w h o

we ’
,
-
,

h a d b e en s e n t fo r arri v e d a n d all Me n i n a s w i v es w e n t fo rth

, ,
’

i nto th e fi e ld s th a t m o r n i n g fa s ti n g T h e re th e y w o uld b e c o m .

e ll e d to d r i n k a n i n fu s i o n o f a pla n t n am e d g oh o w hi ch i s u s e d
’
p ,

a s a n o rd e al Th i s c e r e m o n y i s call e d muav i a n d i s p e rfo rm e d ’

.
,

i n th i s way : Wh e n a m an s u s p e c ts th a t a n y o f hi s w i v e s h a s b e
w itch e d h i m h e s en d s for th e w i tc h —d o cto r ; an d all th e w i v e s go
,

fo rth i nto th e fi e ld a n d r e ma i n fa s ti n g ti ll th a t p e rs o n h as mad e

,

an i n fu s i o n o f th e la nt T h e y all drink i t e ac h o ne h old i ng u

p .

p ,
 FE TI O H I S M , PR I E S TCR A FT , A N D I D O L A TR Y
. 61

h er h a n d to h e av e n i n a ttes tati o n o f h er i nn o c en cy . Th o s e w ho
v o m i t i t ar e c o n s i d er e d i nn o c en t w hi l e th o s e w h o m
, i t p u r g es ar e
pro n o u n c e d guil ty an d p u t to d e ath by burn i n g
, .
”
L i vi ngs to n e s ’

A f r i ca p age 666
, .

d iff er e n t p oi nts i n o ur c o urs e w e cam e up o n v o ti v e o ff er

At
i ng s to th e Bari m o T h es e u s ually c o n s i s te d o f fo o d ; an d e v e ry
.

d es e rte d v i lla g e s ti ll c o nta i n e d th e i d o l s an d l i ttl e s h e d s w i th p o ts

o f m e d i c i n e i n th e m O n e afte rn o o n w e p a s s e d a s mall fram e
. ,

h o u s e w i th th e h e ad o f an e x i n i t a s an o bj e c t o f w o r s h i p
, Th e .

dre ary u nifo rmity o f gl o o my fo r es ts a n d o p en flats mu s t h av e a

d epr e s si n g i nflu en c e o n th e m i n d s o f th e p e o pl e S o m e v i lla g es .

app e ar m o r e s up e rs titi o u s th a n o th ers if w e may judg e fro m th e ,

gr e a ter n umb er o f i d ol s th ey c onta i n ”

L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca p age
.
’
,

5 03 .

W e pa s s e d tw o s mall h aml ets s urro u n d e d by gard e n s o f ,

m a i z e a n d ma n i o c a n d n e ar e ac h o f th e s e I o b s e rv e d for th e fir s t
, ,

t i m e an u gl y i d o l c o mm o n i n L o n da — th c fi gur e o f a n a n i mal
, , , ,

r e s e mbl i ng an all i ga to r mad e o f clay It i s fo rm e d o f gra s s

, .
,

pla ster e d o v e r w i th s o ft clay T w o c o wri e s h ell s ar e i ns e rte d a s

.
-

e y e s a n d n umb e r s o f th e bri s tl e s fr o m th e t a i l o f a n e l e p h a n t ar e
,

s tuck i n ab o u t th e n e ck It i s call e d a l i o n t h o u g h i f o n e w e r e
.
, ,

n ot to ld s o h e w o uld c o n clud e i t t o b e a n all i ga to r

, It s t o o d i n .

a s h e d a n d th e Bal o n d a pray a n d b e a t drum s b e fo r e i t all n i gh t

,

i n c as es o f s i ck n es s .
”
L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i ca p age 304
’
, .

I w as d i sturb e d thi s e v e n i n g fro m my r ep o s e o n th e dry s a n d , ,

u n d er th e pal e m o on l ig ht by th e m o s t u n e ar th ly n o i s e s c o m i n g
, ,

fro m a gro up o f o ur black s erva nts O n g etti n g u p to s e e w h a t .

i t w a s I fo u n d th a t o n e o f o u r n e gr e s s es a w i fe o f o n e o f th e s er
, ,

va nts w a s p e rfo rm i n g Bo r e e , th e D e vi l an d w o rk i n g h e r s elf

, ,
’

u p i n to th e b e l i e f th a t hi s s a ta n i c maj e s ty h a d p o s s es s i o n o f h e r .

S h e th r e w h er s e lf u p on t h e g ro u n d i n all d i r e c ti o n s a n d i m i tat e d ,

th e cri es o f vari o u s a n i mal s H er ac ti o n s w e r e h o w e v e r s o m e

. , ,

w h a t r e gulate d by a m an tapp i n g u p on a k ettl e w i th a p i e c e o f

Woo d b eatin g ti m e to h er w i l d m an oeuvr es
, A fter so m e d el ay .
,

6
62 F E TI O H I S M , PR IE S TCR A F T , AN D I D O L A TR Y .

b el i e vi ng h e rs el f n ow p o ss es s e d an d capabl e o f p erfo rm i n g h er ,

w o rk s h e w e nt fo rward to h alf a d o z e n o f o ur s e rva n ts w h o w e r e

, ,

s qua tti n g d o w n o n t h e i r h am s r e ady to r e c ei v e h er S h e th e n ’

, .

t o o k e ac h by th e h e ad a n d n e ck a n d pr e s s e d th e i r h e ad s b e t w e e n
,

h er l e g s —th e y s i tti n g s h e s ta n d i n g n o t i n th e m o s t d e c e n t
, ,
,

way a n d mad e o v e r th e m w i th h er w h o l e b o dy c e rtai n i n e l e ga n t

, , ,

m o ti o n s n ot to b e m e nti on e d
,
R i cha r ds on s A f r i ca Vo l L
.
’
, .
,

p age 28 6 .

back o f o u r h u t s ta n d s a feti ch go d i n a s mall th atch e d

A t th e ,

h u t s u pp o r te d by fo ur w o o d e n p i llars w hi c h i s wa tch e d c o n ti n
, ,

n ally by t w o b o y s a n d a w o ma n W e w e r e d es ir e d to r o a st o ur
.

b u ll o ck u nd er h i m th a t h e m i g h t e nj o y th e s av o ry s m ell o f th e
,

s m o k i n g m e a t s o m e o f w hi c h h e m i g h t al s o b e abl e t o e at i f h e
, ,

d e s ir e d W e w e r e p ar ti cularly e nj o i n e d to r o a s t n o yam s u n d er
.

h i m a s th e y w e r e c o n s i d e r e d by th e n a ti v es to o p o o r a d i e t to
,

” —
o ffe r to th e i r d e i ty L an der s Tr a vels i n A f r i ca Vol I L p age
’
. .
, ,

1 63 .

Th i s day a l on g an d gay pr o c e s si o n fo rm e d by th e fe mal e ,

fo ll o w e rs o f th e a n c i e nt r el i g i o n o f th e c o u n tr y pa s s e d th ro u g h ,

th e to w n walk i n g a n d da n c i n g al te r n a te ly w i th larg e s p r e ad i n g
, ,
-

bra n c h e s o f tr e es i n th e i r h a n d s Th e pri es tes s at th e t im e w e.

,

s a w h er h a d j u s t s wall o w e d fe ti c h wa t e r a n d w as carri e d o n th e
, ,

s h o uld e rs o f o n e o f t h e d e v o te e s w h o w a s a s s i s te d by t w o fe mal e
,

c o mpa n i o n s s upp o rti n g th e tr e mbl i n g h a n d s a n d arm s o f th e i r

,

m i s tr e s s H er b o dy w a s c o n vul s e d all o v e r a n d h er fe a tu r e s
.
,

s h o c k i n g l y d i s to r te d w h i l e s h e s tar e d w il dly a n d vaca n tly o n th e

,

t r o o p o f e n th u s i a s ts a n d o th e r o bj e c ts w h i c h s u rr o u n d e d h er .

Th e pri es te s s w a s th en b e l i e v e d t o b e p o s s es s e d w ith a d e m o n .

I n d e e d to u s th ey all app e ar e d to b e s o fo r n o t o n e o f th e m
, ,

s e e m e d i n th e i r s o b e r s e n s e s s o i n d es c r i bably fa n t a s ti c w e r e t h e i r
,

ac ti o n s an d s o u n s e e mly di d th ey d ep o r t th em s elv e s A y o u n g e r
, .

w o ma n w a s l i k e w i s e b o r n e o n th e s h o u ld e rs o f a fr i e n d an d car ,

ri e d al o n g i n th e s am e ma n n e r as h e r m i s tr e s s ; b ut s h e w a s by
n o m e a n s s o u n c o u th a figu r e n o r w as h er ag it a ti o n s o gr e a t a s
,

th a t o f t h e pri e s tes s by w h o m s h e w as pr e c e d e d
,
Th e w h o l e o f .

t h e w o m e n fo rm i n g thi s s tra n g e pr o c es s i o n m ig h t am o u n t to b e c
 F E TI O H I S M , PR I E S TCR A F T, A N D ID O L A TR Y . 63

tw e en n i ne t y
a h u n dre d T h e i r m o ti o n s w e r e r e g ula te d at
an d .

t i m e s by th e s o u n d o f d r um s a n d fifes a n d t o th i s m u s i c t h e y ,

j o i ne d th e i r w i ld s h ri ll v o i c e s ,
T h e y w e r e arra n g e d i n c o upl es
.
,

a n d w i th th e bra n c h es o f t r ee s s h ak i n g i n th e a i r pr e s e n t e d o n e
, ,

o f th e m o s t e x tra o rd i n ary a n d g ro t e s qu e s p e c t acl e s th a t th e h u

” —
m a n m i n d c an c o n c e i v e L ander s Tr a vels i n A f r i ca Vo l L
.
’
, .
,

p age 322 .

Imm e d i ately o pp o s i te to th e firs t s quar e whi ch fo rm s th e e n ,

tra n c e t o th e c h i e f s r es i d e n c e s ta n d s a s mall tr e e pr o fu s e ly d e c
’
, ,

o ra te d w i th h uma n s kull s a n d b o n e s T h i s tr e e i s c o n s i d e r e d b y
.

th e p eo pl e a s fe ti c h o r s acr e d ; a n d i s s u pp o s e d to p o s s e s s th e
,

v i rtu e o f pr e v e n ti n g th e e v i l Sp i ri t fro m e n te ri n g th e chi e f s r e s i ’

d e n c e N e ar th e tr e e s ta n d s t h e h o u s e w hi ch i s i nh ab i te d by
.

fe ti c h pri e s ts a cla s s o f b ei n g s c e r tai n ly i n th e m o s t s avag e c o n

,

d i ti o n o f n a tur e th a t i t i s p o s s i bl e to i mag i n e Th e fe ti ch pri e s ts o f .

Bra s s to w n ch alk e d th e m s e lv e s fr o m h e ad t o fo o t b e s i d e s dr e s s i n g ,

afte r a fa s hi o n o f th e i r o w n ; b ut th es e fe ll o w s o u td o th e m by far ,

a n d mak e th e m s e l ve s th e m o s t h i d eo u s a n d d i s gu s ti n g o bj e c ts p o s

s i bl e W h eth e r i t m ay b e w i th th e i d e a o f p e rs o ni fy i ng th e e v i l
.

s p i r i t th e y a r e s o afra i d o f I c o uld n o t l e ar n ; b u t th ey o ab o u t
, g
th e t o w n w i th a h u ma n S kull fa s te n e d o v e r t h e i r fac e s o t h a t th e y ,

c a n s e e th r o ug h th e e ye h o l e s ; th i s i s s urm o u n te d by a pa i r o f
-

bull o ck s h o rn s ; th e i r b o dy i s c o v e r e d w i th n e t mad e o f s tai n e d

’
,

gra ss ; an d to c o mpl e te th e w h o l e an d g i v e th e m a n app e ara n c e

,

as r i d i cul o u s b e h i n d a s th e y ar e h i d e o u s b e fo r e a bull o ck s ta i l
’
,

pr otrud e s th ro ugh th e d re s s an d h an g s d o w n t o th e gr o u n d r e n ,

d e ri n g th e m al to g e th e r th e m o s t u n c o u th l o ok i n g b e i n g s i mag i n a -

b le . S o m e ti m e s a c o ck e d h at i s s u b s ti tu te d for th e h o r n s a n d th e
-
,

Skull o f a d o g o r m o n k e y u s e d w h i c h r e n d e r s th e i r app e ara n c e i f

, ,

p o s s i bl e s ti ll m o r e g r o te s qu e T h u s e qu ipp e d th ey ar e r e ady to
, .

p erfo rm th e my s te ri e s o f th ei r pr o fe ssi o n w h i ch I h a d n o t s uffi ,

c i e n t o pp o r tu ni ty t o i n qu i r e i nto b u t w h i c h ar e qu i te e n o ug h to
,

” —
e n s lav e th e m i n d s o f th e p eo pl e L a nder s Tr a vels i n A f r i ca Vo l ’
.
. ,

IL , p a
ge 31 8 .

Be c o m i n g
b es e by age an d g o o d l i vi n g
o , Fu n diki r a , Ch i e f of

th e U nyan nve z i fe ll i ll i n th e au tum n o f 1 8 5 8

, , an d , as u s ual , hi s re
64 FE TI O H I S M , PRIE S TCR A F T, A ND ID O L A TR Y .

l a ti o n s w e r e s u s p e c te d o f c o mpa s s ing hi s e n d by black mag i c In .

th es e r e g i o n s th e d e a th o f o n e m an cau s e s ma n y Th e pri e s t w as .

s umm o n e d t o app ly th e u s ual o r d e al A fte r adm i ni s te ri n g a m ys

.

ti c dr u g h e br o k e th e n e ck o f a fo wl a n d s pl i tti n g i t i n to tw o
, , ,

l en g th s i n s p e c te d th e i nte ri o r If black n es s o r bl e m i sh app e ar

,
.

ab o u t th e w i n g s i t d e n o te s th e tr e ach ery o f c h i ldre n r ela ti o n s

, , ,

a n d k i n s m en ; th e backb o n e c o n v i c ts th e m o th e r an d gra n d
m o th e r ; th e ta i l s h o w s th a t th e cri m i n al i s th e w i fe th e th i gh s th e ,

c o n cub i n es an d th e i nj ur e d s h a nk s o r fe et th e o th e r s lav e s H av
, .

i n g fix e d u p o n th e cl as s o f th e cri m i n al s th e y ar e c o ll e c te d to ,

g e th e r by th e pri e s t w h o afte r s i m ilarly d o s i n g a s e c o n d h en

, , ,

th r o w s h er u p i n to th e a i r ab o v e th e h e ad s o f th e cr o wd a n d ,

s i n gl e s o u t th e p er s o n u p o n w h o m Sh e al i gh ts C o n fe s s i o n i s e x .

t o r te d by ty i n g th e th umb b ackward till i t to uc h e s th e wr i s t Or by ,

s o m e e qual ly b arbar o u s m o d e o f qu es ti o n Th e c o n s e qu e n c e o f .

c o n d e m n a ti o n i s c erta i n a n d i mm e d i at e d e ath ; th e m o d e i s c h o s e n
by th e pri e s t So m e ar e s p e ar e d o th e rs ar e b eh e ad e d o r cl u bb e d ;
.
,

a c o m m o n way i s to b i n d th e crani um b e tw e e n tw o s tiff p i e c e s o f

w o o d w hi c h ar e grad u ally tig hten e d by c o rd s till th e bra i n b u rs ts
,

o u t fr o m t h e s u tur e s Fo r w o m e n th e y prac ti s e a p e cul i arly h o rr i

.

b l e k in d o f i mpal e m e n t T h es e a tr o c i ti es c o nti n u e u n ti l th e c h i e f
.

r e c o v e r s o r di es — a t th e c o mm en c e m e n t o f h i s a ttack i n o n e
, ,

h o u s e h o ld e i gh te e n s o ul s mal e a n d fe mal e h ad b ee n d e s tr o y e d ;
, ,

s h o u ld h i s i ll n e s s b e pr o tr ac te d s c o r e s w i ll pr e c e d e h i m to th e
,

grav e for th e ma g i c i a n m u s t s u r ely di e

, Bur ton s A f r i ca p age.
” ’
,

Th e Sh a n g alla h av e b u t la n guag e a n d o f a v e ry gu ttural

one ,

pr o n u n c i a ti o n T h ey w o rs hip var i o u s tr e e s s erp e n ts th e m o o n

.
, , ,

p l a n e ts a nd s tars i n c e rtai n p o si ti o n s w h i ch I n e v e r c o uld s o p er

, ,

fe c tly u n d e r s ta n d a s to gi v e a n y acc o u n t o f th e m A s tar pa s s i n g .

n e ar th e h o rn s O f th e m o o n d e n o tes th e c o m i n g o f a n e n e my .

T h e y h av e pri e s ts o r ra th e r d i vi n e r s ; b u t i t w o u ld s e e m t h a t th e s e
,

ar e l o o k e d u p o n a s s e rva n ts o f th e e v i l b e i n g ra th e r th a n o f th e ,

g o o d T h ey p r o p h e s v b ad e v e nts a n d thi n k th ey c an aflfli c t th ei r

.
,

” —
e n em i e s w i th S i ck n ess e v e n at a d i s ta n c e Br u ce s Tr a vels Vo l ’
.
, .
,

IL , p age 55 4 .

A t Whydah I fo u nd th e n ativ e s a ddi cted to a v e ry g ro v ell i ng

66 FE TI CH I S M , PRI E S TCRA FT,
’
A N D ID O L A TR Y .

d o w n ra i n a n o th e r s e cur e s g o o d cr o p s an d a th ird fill s th e s e a

, ,

a n d r i v e r s w i th fi s h e s a n d ma k e s th e m w i ll i n g t o b e tak e n i n th e
,

fis h e r m e n s n e t
’
I n s a n i ty i s c ur e d by fe ti c h e s th e s te r il i ty o f
.
,

w o m e n i s r e m o v e d a n d th e r e i s s carc ely a S i n gl e e vi l i n c i d e n t t o
,

h uma n l i fe w h i c h may n o t b e o v e rc o m e by th i s m e a n s ; th e o n ly
c o n d iti o n a n n e x e d i s th at th e r i g ht k i n d o f fe ti ch b e e mpl o y e d .

S o m e ar e i n te n d e d to pr e s e rv e l ife o th e r s to d es tr o y i t
, O ne i h .

s p i r e s a m a n w i th c o urag e mak e s hi m i n vul n e rabl e i n war

, or ,

paralyz e s th e e n e rgy o f an adv e r s ary T h e y h av e al s o n ati o n al .

feti ch es to pr o te c t th ei r to w ns fro m fi re p es til en c e a n d fro m s ur , ,

pri s e by e n e m i e s T h e y h av e o th er s to pr o cur e ra i n to mak e

.
,

fr u i tful s e a s o n s an d to cau s e abu n da n c e o f gam e i n th e i r w o o d s

, ,

a n d fi s h i n th e i r wa te r s S o m e o f th e s e ar e s u s p e n d e d al o n g th e
.

h ig h w ay s a larg e r n u mb e r a r e k e p t u n d e r r u d e s h a n ti e s at th e
,

e n tra n c e s o f th e i r v i llag e s ; b u t th e m o s t i mp o r ta n t an d s acr e d ar e

k ep t i n a h o u s e i n th e c e n tr e o f th e v i llag e w h e r e th e h i g h pri e s t ,
-

l i v e s a n d tak e s car e o f th e m Mo s t o f th e s e an d e s p e c i ally th o s e

.
,

a t th e e n tra n c es o f th e i r v i llag e s ar e o f t h e m o s t u n c o u th fo rm s
, ,

r epr es e n ti n g th e h e ad s o f a n i mal s o r h u ma n b ei ng s a n d alm o s t ,

al w ay s w i th a fo rmi dabl e pa i r o f h o rn s O n e o f th e fi r s t thi ng s .

w h i ch s al u te s th e e y e s o f a s tra ng e r afte r plan ti n g hi s fe e t u p o n

,

t h e s h o r e s o f A fr i ca i s th e s ymb o l s o f th i s r e l i g i o n
, H e s te p s .

fo rth fr o m th e b o a t u n d e r a ca n o py o f feti ch e s n o t o nl y a s a s e ,

c u r i ty fo r hi s o w n s afe ty b u t a s a guara n ty th a t h e d o es n o t carry

,

th e e l e m e n t s o f m i s c hi e f am o n g th e p e o pl e ; h e fi n d s t h e m s u s
p en d e d al o n g e v e r y path h e walk s ; at e v e ry j u n c ti o n o f t w o o r
m o r e r o ad s ; at t h e c r o s s i ng pla c e o f e v e r y s tr e am ; a t th e ba s e
-

o f e v e r y larg e r o ck o r o v e rg r o w n fo r e s t tr e e ; a t t h e ga te o f e v e r y
-

v i llag e ; o v e r th e d o o r o f e v e ry h o u s e an d ar o u n d th e n e ck o f ,

e v e ry h uma n b e i n g w h o m h e m e e ts T h e y ar e s e t up o n th e i r
.

farm s ti e d ar o u n d th e i r fr uit tr e e s a n d ar e fa s te n e d to th e n e c k s
,
-
,

o f th e i r s h e e p a n d g o a ts to pr e v e n t th e m fr o m b e i n g s to l e n If a .

m an tr e s pa s s e s up o n th e pro p e r ty o f h i s n e i g h b o r i n d efia n c e o f ,

th e fe ti c h e s h e h as s e t up to pr o te c t i t h e i s c o n fid e n tly e xp e c te d
,

t o s u ffe r th e p e n al ty o r h i s t e m e r i ty a t s o m e ti m e o r o th e r If h e .

i s o v e r tak e n by a fo rm i dabl e malady o r l i n g e r i n g Si ck n e s s afte r

w ard e v e n s h o u l d i t b e afte r th e lap s e o f t w e n ty thi r ty o r fo r ty
, , ,

y e ar s h e i s k n o w n to b e s u ff eri n g th e c o n s e qu e n c e o f h i s o w n
,

ra sh n e s s .

A n d n o t o nly ar e th e s e fe ti c h e s r e gard e d a s h av i n g p o w e r to
 F E TI O H I S M , P R I E S TCR A F T,
’
A N D I D O L A TR Y . 67

pr o te c t o r p u ni sh m e n b u t th e y ar e e qually o m n ip o te n t to s h i el d
,

th e m s e lv e s fr o m v i o l e n c e W h i te m e n ar e fr e qu e ntl y ch all e n g e d
.

to t e s t t h e i r i n v u l n e rab il i ty by S h o o ti n g a t th e m a n d if t h e y a r e
,

d e s tr o y e d i n thi s way (an d thi s i s a v e ry c o mm o n o ccurr en c e ) ,

th e o n ly adm i s s i o n i s th a t th at par ti cular fe ti c h h a d n o s p e c i al

,

v i rtu e s o r i t w o uld h av e d efe n d e d i ts elf

,
”
Wi ls on s A f r i ca p age .
’
,

212 .

O n ld Co a s t th er e ar e s tate d o cca s i o n s w h e n th e p e o
th e G o ,

p l e t ur n o u t e n ma s s e (g e n e rally a t n i g h t) w i th club s a n d t o rc h es ,

t o dri v e away th e e v i l s p i ri ts fro m th e i r to w n s A t a g i v e n s i g n al .

,

th e w h o l e c o mm u n i ty s tar t u p c o mm e n c e a m o s t hi d eo u s h o wl ,

i n g b e a t ab o u t i n e v e ry n o o k an d c o r n e r o f th e i r dw e ll i n g s th en
, ,

ru s h i nto th e s tr e e ts w i th th e i r to rc h es an d club s l ik e s o ma n y
, ,

fra nt i c ma ni a c s b e a t th e ai r an d s cr e am at th e top o f th e i r v o i c e s
, , ,

u n ti l s o m e o n e a n n o u n c e s th e d e par tur e o f th e s p i ri ts t h r o ug h

s o m e ga te o f th e t o w n w h e n th e y a r e pu rs u e d s e v e ral m i l es i n to
,

th e w o o d s a n d war n e d n o t t o c o m e back
, A fte r thi s th e p e o pl e .

br e a th e e a s i e r s l e e p m o r e qu i etly h av e b e tter h e al th an d th e
, , ,

to w n i s o n c e m o r e c h e e r e d by a n abu n da n c e o f fo o d D em o .

n i ac al p o s s e s s i o n s ar e c o mm o n a n d t h e fe a ts p e rfo rm e d by th o s e ,

w h o ar e s upp o s e d to b e u n d e r s uc h i n flu e n c e ar e c e r ta in ly n o t n u
l ik e th o s e d e s cri b e d i n th e N e w T e stam e n t Fr a nti c g es tur es .
,

c o n v u l si o n s fo am i n g at th e m o u th fe ats o f s u p ern atural s tr e n g th

, , ,

furi o u s rav i n g s b o di ly lac e ra ti o n s gn a shi n g o f t e e th a n d o th e r

, , ,

th i n g s o f a s i mi lar c h arac te r may b e w i tn e s s e d i n m o s t o f th e ,

ca s e s w h i ch ar e s upp o s e d to b e u n d e r d i ab ol i cal i nfl u en ces ”

.

Wi ls on s A f r i ca p age 2 1 7
’
, .

O m e parts o f th e G o ld C o a s t th e cro c o d il e i s s acr e d ; a

n so

c e rtai n cla s s o f s n ak es o n th e S lav e Co a s t an d th e s h ark at

, ,

Bo nn y ar e all r e gard e d a s s acr e d an d ar e w o r s hi pp e d n o t o n

, ,
‘
,

t h e i r o w n acc o u n t p e r h ap s b u t b e c a u s e th e y ar e r e gard e d a s th e
, ,

t e mpl es o r d w e ll i n g plac e s o f s p i r i ts
,
L i k e e v e ry o th er o bj e c t o f
-
.

t h e k i n d h o w e v e r i n th e c o ur s e o f t i m e th e thi n g s i g n ifi e d i s fo r
, ,

g o tte n i n th e r ep r es en tati ve an d th es e vari o u s a n i mal s h av e l o n g ,

s i n c e b e e n r e gard e d w i th s up e r s ti ti o u s v e n e ra ti o n w h i l e l i ttl e i s ,

th ou gh t o f th e i n dw ell i n g Sp i ri t
”
Wi ls on s A fr i ca p age 2 1 8 .
’
, .
68 F E TI O H I S M , FR IE S TCR A F T, A N D I D O L A TR Y
.

In th eafte rn o o n n e arly all th e pri n ci pal p er s o n s i n th e to w n

,

w e r e dre s s e d i n th e i r gay e s t a tti re ; a larg e g r o u p o f th e m w as

c o ll e c te d u nd e r th e feti ch tr e e to s ee a n d h e ar th e fe ti c h m a n
-
, ,

w h i l e h e mad e h i s o rati o n s an d da n c e d to th e s o u n d o f s e v e ral

,

drum s w h i ch w er e play e d by fe mal e s Th e app e ara n c e o f t h e .

fe ti c h m an w a s v e ry much l i k e th at o f a cl o w n ; hi s fac e w a s daub e d

w i th w h i te clay ; h e h ad a larg e i ro n c h ai n h a n g i n g aro u n d h i s
n e ck w hi c h s e e m e d t o b e w o r n a s a n e cklac e ; ar o u n d h i s l eg s
,

w e r e ti e d b u n c h e s o f feti ch ; a n d h e h eld i n h i s h an d an i mm e n s e
k ni fe ab o u t fifteen i n c h e s l o n g a n d tw o a n d h alf bro ad S o m e
, , .

ti m e s h e da n c e d w i th ma n y fr a n ti c g e s tur e s ; an d at o th e r t i m es
s to o d gaz i n g ar o u n d h i m w i th e v e ry i n d i ca ti o n o f a vaca n t m i n d .

W Vh ile I w as at a d i s ta n c e l o o k i n g at h i m h e s et o u t an d r an to a , ,

d i s ta n c e o f ab o u t a h u n dre d yard s A n x i o u s to k e e p h i m i n s i gh t .
,

I walk e d fo r w ard pa st a s mall sh e d w hi ch w o uld h av e c o n c e al e d

, ,

h i m fro m m e an d s aw h i m s ta n d in g w i th a m u sk et at hi s Sh o uld e r
, ,

t ak i n g a i m a t a turk ey buzzard o n a tr e e h ard by - — F r eema n s .

’

A f r i ca p age 26, .

W o r sh ip i s n o t c o n fi n e d to any particular s p e ci e s o f s e rp ent ,

b u t i s e x te n d e d g e n e rally t o all A w o ma n w as s e e n o n e day .

w o r sh ipp i n g a s mall s e rp e n t an d o v er h e ard pray i n g to i t th e ,

u ni qu e an d s elfi sh pray e r G i v e ra i n to my gard e n l e t m e h av e

, ,
’
pl en ty ; an d l et th e r e b e n o b o dy i n th e w o r ld b u t yo u an d m e .

O n m e e ti ng a s e rp e n t i n th e r o ad a w o ma n w i ll t ak e o ff s o m e o f ,

h er b e ad s a n d o ff e r th e m a s a pr e s e n t o r s acri fic e i n to k e n o f ve n ,

e r ati o n T h e y ar e r e gard e d a s r epr e s e n ti n g i n s o m e way th ei r

.
, ,

d eparte d a n c es to rs ; an d h e n c e o n e h as b een h e ard addre s si ng a ,

s e rp e n t a n d s ay i n g A h I s ee i n y o ur e y es my fo rm e r c h i e f
‘ ’
, , ,
.

Th e s e ar e add iti o n a l fac ts w h i ch s e rv e to i ll us trate th e d o c tri n e o f

th e alm o s t u n i v e r s al w o r s h i p o f s erp e n ts — o n e o f th e s tra n g e s t ,

”—
a n o mal i e s i n th e r e l ig i o u s h i s to ry o f man ki n d F r eeman s A f .
’

r i ca , p age 2 79 .

Th e c h i e f bj e c ts o f w o r s h i p i n W h yda h ar e s n ak e s an d a larg e
o

c o tto n w o o d tr e e T h e r e i s a s n ak e h o u s e w hi ch I u s e d to go o fte n
-
.
-

to s ee Th e s n ak es ar e o f th e b o a s p e ci e s a n d ar e fro m five to
.
,

fiftee n fe e t i n l ength Yo u c a n alm os t alway s s ee th e m crawl in g

.
 FE TI O H I S M , PR IE S TCR A F T, A N D I D O L A TR Y 69

ab o u t th e s tre e ts Wh e n th e n a ti v e s s ee th e m th ey fall d o w n a nd
.

k is s th e e ar th T h ey ar e p erfe ctly h arml es s a s I h av e o ften s e e n

.
,

th e n a ti v e s t ak e th em u p a n d carry th e m back to t h e fe ti ch h o u s e -
.

I t i s n o t at all u n fr e q u e n t to fi n d th e m o n th e m at al o n g s i d e o f yo u
i n t h e m o r n i n g a s t h e h u ts ar e w i th o u t d o o r s
,
I h ad my l o d gi n g .

i n w h a t w as o n c e a n En gl i s h fo r t b u t i s n o w i n ru i n s a n d i s a fa , ,

vo r i te r e s o r t o f th e s n ak e s I n e v e r fo u n d o n e i n my r o o m b u t
.
,

o n e m o r n i n g, u p o n l o o k i n g i n th e r o o m a dj o mm g m i n e I fo u n d ,

o n e alm o s t s e v e n fe e t l o n g Th e p e n al ty fo r k i ll i n g o n e i s
. fo r
a w h ite p er s o n — th e pri c e o f S i x ty s lav e s ; fo r a n ati v e h e i s ,

s h u t u p i n a bamb o o h o u s e a n d th e n th e h o u s e i s s e t o n fi r e
, Th e .

p o o r fe ll o w h as th e pri v ile g e o f g etti n g o u t i f h e c a n a n d ru n n i n g fo r ,

t h e lag o o n a d i s ta n c e o f t w o m i l e s fo ll o w e d by th e m o b a n d i f
, , ,

h e r e ach e s th e wa te r h e i s fr e e But v e ry fe w c an e v e r ava i l .

t h e m s e lv e s o f th i s wa te r cur e It i s a gr e a t d o dg e w i th th e fe ti c h
.

m an i f h e k n o w s th a t yo u ar e p e cul i arly av e rs e to t hi s k i n d o f
,

g o d t o br
, i n g t h e m n e ar y o ur h o u s e a n d p u t t h e m d o w n k n o w i n g ,

th e y w i ll e nte r a n d h e w i ll b e s e n t fo r t o c o m e a n d ta
, k e th e m
away for w hi c h h e g ets a few s tri n g s o f c o wri es
,
”
Wes t s A f r i .
’

c an Co r r esp on dence Of the B os to n Pos t, 1 8 5 9 .

W e pa s s e d al o n g a n ar ro w path s o m e di s ta n c e t ill w e cam e ,

to t w o s ti ck s s tuck up o n e o n e ac h s i d e o f th e pa th w i th a s mall
, , ,

p i e c e o f w h i te c o tto n r ag o n th e top o f e ach Th e b oy s d e clar e d .

t h a t i t w o uld b e a t th e p e ri l o f my l i fe i f I pr o c e e d e d a n y fur th e r
i n th at d i r e c tio n fo r th i s w as th e r o ad to a feti c h h o u s e ; a n d th e
,
-

fe ti c h m an h a d s tuck up th o s e s ti ck s as a warn i n g n o t t o a tte mp t

t o pr o c ee d an y fur th e r I pr e ten d e d h o w e v e r n o t to c o mpre
.
, ,

h e n d th e i r palav e r a n d walk e d o n ti ll I w as s o m e d i s ta n c e pa s t
,

th e s p o t w h e n I l o o k e d r o u n d a n d o rd e r e d th e m to c o m e o n ;
, ,

b u t th e y s to o d tr e mbl i n g wa tc hi n g e xp e c ti n g t o s e e m e dr o p
, ,

d o w n d e ad A fte r ma n y a s s u ra n c e s o f th e a b s urd ity o f s uc h

.

s u p e r s titi o n th e y w e r e at la s t i n d u c e d t o fo ll o w m e
, S uc h i s th e .

i n fa tua ti o n o f t h e p eo pl e all al o n g th e W e s t C o a s t an d i n fac t i n , , ,

m o s t plac es I h av e ye t v i si te d i n th e i n te ri o r D u ncan s A f r i ca .
” ’
,

17
’

O l L
.
, p age 4 .

Th e sn ak e is al s o a feti ch or i d o l h er e ; an d h ou s es ar e bu il t
 70 R A IN -D O C TO R S A N D O TH E R D OC O T RS .

in v e ral par ts o f th e to w n fo r th e acc o mm o d ati on o f s n ak e s

se ,

w h e re th e y ar e r e gularly fe d T h e s e h o u s es ar e ab o u t s ev e n fe et .

hi g h i n th e wall s w i th c o n i cal r o o f ab o u t e i g h t fe e t d i am e te r
, , ,

a n d c i rc u lar Th e s n ak e s ar e o f th e b o a c o n s tr i c to r tri b e an d
.
-
,

ar e c o n s i d e r e d qu i te h arml e s s al th o ugh I h av e my d o ub ts up o n ,

i t T h e y g e n e rally l e av e th i s h o u s e at i n te rval s ; an d w h e n fo u n d
.
,

by a ny o f th e n a ti v e s ar e t ak e n up a n d i mm e d i a tely c o n v e y e d
,

back t o th e fe ti c h h o u s e w h e r e th e y ar e plac e d o n th e top o f th e

-
,

wall u n d e r th e th a tch It i s d i s gu s ti n g to w i tn es s t h e h o ma ge
, .

pa i d to th e s e r ep til es by th e n ati v e s W h e n o n e o f th e m i s p i ck e d .

u p by a n y o n e o th e r s w i ll pr o s tra te th e m s e lv es as i t i s carri e d
,

pa st th r o w i n g du s t o n th ei r h e ad s an d b e g gi n g to b e rubb e d
, , C O O
” —
o v e r th e b o d y w i th th e r ep ti l e D uncan s A f r i ca Vol L
’
.
, .
,

p age 1 26 .

C H A PT E R VI II .

R A IN -D O CTO R S A N D O TH ER D O CTO R S IN N EG R O L A N D .

TH E ati v e s fi n d i n g i t i rk s o m e to Si t an d wai t u nti l G o d

n ,

g iv e s th e m rai n fro m h e av e n e n ter ta i n th e m o r e c o mfo rtabl e i d e a ,

th a t th e y c a n h el p th e m s elv e s by a vari e ty o f pr e para ti o n s s uc h ,

a s c h arc o al mad e o f bur n e d ba ts i n s p i s s a te d r e n al d ep o s i t o f th e ,

m o u n ta i n c o n y th e i n ter n al par ts o f d i ff e r e n t a n i mal s

, as ,
-

j ackal s l i v e r s bab o o n s a n d l i o n s h e arts an d h a i ry calc ul i fr o m

’
,
’ ’
,

th e b o w e l s o f c o w s — s erp e n ts s k i n s a n d v e r te br ae a n d e v e ry
’
, ,

k i n d o f t ub e r bulb r o o t a n d pla nt t o b e fo u n d i n th e c o u n try

, , ,
.

A l th o ug h yo u d i s b el i e v e th e i r e fli c acy i n c h arm i n g th e cl o ud s t o
p o ur o ut th ei r r e fr e shi n g tr e a s ur e s ye t c o n s ci ou s th a t c i vi l i ty i s , ,

u s e ful e v e rywh e r e yo u k i n dly s ta te th a t yo u th i n k th e y ar e m i s

,

t ak e n a s t o t h e i r p o w e r Th e ra i n d o c to r s el e c ts a par ti cular
.
-

bulb o u s r o o t p o u n d s i t an d admi ni ste r s a c o ld i n fu s i o n to a s h e e p

, , ,

w hi c h i n fi ve m i n u te s afte rward e xp i re s i n c o n v u l s i o n s Part

, , .

o f th e s am e bulb i s c o n v e r te d i n to s m o k e a n d a s c e n d s to ward ,

th e s ky ; ra i n fo ll o w s i n a day o r two Th e i nfe r e n c e i s o bv i o u s . .

L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca p age 2 4

’
.
,
 R A IN D O C
-
TO R S A N D O TH E R D O C TO R S . 71

Th e modesw hi ch th e ra i n mak e r s pr o p i ti ate th e cl o u d s ar e

in -

vari o u s Th e o n e m o s t c o mm o n ly prac ti s e d i s by c o ll e c ti ng a fe w
.

l e av e s o f e ac h i n d i vi dual vari e ty o f tr e e i n th e fo r e s t w h i c h th ey ,

all o w to s i mm e r i n larg e p o ts o v e r a s l o w fi re w hil e a s h e e p i s ,

k i ll e d by pri ck i n g i t i n th e h e ar t w ith a l o n g s ew i n g n e e dl e w h i l e -
,

t h e ra i n mak e r i s e mpl o y e d i n p e rfo rm i n g a vari e ty o f ab s urd i n

-

c an ta ti o n s Th e s te am a r i s i n g fr o m th e s i mm e ri n g l e av e s i s s up
.

p o s e d to r e a c h a n d p r o p iti a te th e cl o ud s an d th e r e ma i n d e r o f ,

th e day i s S p e n t i n da n c e s w hi c h a r e j o i n e d i n by all th e t ri b e
, ,

an d k e p t up till m i d ni g h t b ei n g acc o mpa n i e d w i th s o n g s h avi n g

,

a l o n g c o n ti n u e d c h o r u s i n w h i c h all j o i n
-
a n d th e b urd e n o f
, ,

w h i c h i s th e p o w e r a n d prai s es o f th e rai n mak e r b u t th e fi e ld s -

o f y o u n g c o rn b e c o m e parch e d an d w i th e r e d Cummi ng s ’
.

A f r i ca , Vo l I L .
, p age 63 .

Wh e n th e ra i n mak e rs fa i l to fulfil th e i r pr o m is es th ey al
-
,

way s a s cri b e th ei r wa nt o f s ucc es s to th e pr es en c e o f s o m e m ys

t er i o u s ag e n cy w h i c h h a s d e str o y e d th e e ffe c t o f th e i r o th e rw i s e
,

i n fall i bl e n o s tru m s O n e o f th e a n ti ra i n mak i n g arti cl es i s i v o ry

.
- -
,

w hi ch i s b el i e v e d to h av e gre at i nflu e n c e i n d r i vi n g away ra i n i n ,

c o n s e q u e n c e o f w h i ch i n th e s umm e r s e a s o n th e y pr o duc e i t o n ly
, ,

a s th e s u n g o e s d o w n a t w hi c h t i m e i t i s br o ug h t fo r t h e t rad e r s
’
,

i n s p e c ti o n car e fully wrapp e d i n a kar o s s

, I r e m e mb e r o n o n e .

o cca s i o n i n c urri n g th e c e n s ur e o f a w h o l e tr i b e w h o firmly b e ,

l i e ve d m e t o h ave fr i g h te n e d th e ra i n fr o m th ei r d o m i n i o n s by
e xp o s i n g a qua n ti ty o f i v o ry a t n o o n day ; a n d o n a n o th e r o cca -
,

s i o n t h e c hi e f o f a c e r ta i n t ri b e c o mma n d e d a m i s s i o n ary
, w i th ,

w h o m I am acquai n te d to r e m o v e all th e rafte rs fr o m th e ro o f o f

,

h i s h o u s e th e s e h av i n g b e e n p o i n te d o u t by th e ra i n mak e r a s
,
-

o b s tru c ti n g th e s ucc ess o f hi s i n ca n ta ti o n s Cu mm i n g s A f r i ca ’

.
,

Vol I L
.
, p a ge 64 .

It ccu rr e d s o m e ti m e ago w h il e th e R ev Mr L e m n e w a s
o , . .

r e si d i n g h e r e th a t a h o rs e d i e d a t th e v ill ag e at a ti m e w h e n
, ,

rai n w as much wa nte d Mr L e m n e v e ry pr o p e r ly h a d th e car

. .

ca s s o f th e a ni mal dragg e d away to a gre a t d i s ta n c e to av o i d th e ,

e vi l s ari s i n g fr o m i ts pu tr e fac ti o n i n s o b e t a cli ma te T hi s a c t .

b e cam e a matter o f gr eat c on s ul tati o n an d i t w as d eci d e d i n s o m e ,

72 R A IN -
D OC TO R S A N D O TH E R D O C TO R S .

way th at th i s dragg i n g to a d i s ta n c e th e r e mai n s o f th e d e ad h o r s e

pr e v en te d th e rai n c o m i n g ; an d th e c h i e f ab o v e n am e d ac tually
s e n t m e n w i th l e a th e r n c o rd s t o d rag i t aga i n t o th e v i llag e a n d
, , ,

th e r e i t w a s plac e d a t n o gr e a t d i s ta n c e fro m Mr L e mn e s h o u s e
’
, .
,

an d l e ft to d e cay F r eema n s A f r i ca p age 2 69

’
, .

T h ey ar e s ubj e ct to a vari ety o f d i s e a s es w hi ch ba hde th e sk i ll

o f th e i r m e d i cal adv i s e r s w h o i n s uc h ca s e s h av e r e c o ur s e t o
, , ,

s m e ari n g th e p a ti e n t w i th c o w du n g a n d k e e p i n g u p h i s s p i ri ts
-
,

w i th th e c o n s ta nt e xc i tem e n t o f da n ci n g an d s i n g in g w i th i n h i s
b ut ”
S teedman s A f r i ca Vo l L p age 267
’
. , .
, .

Th eKru ca n d i date fo r m e d i cal h o n o rs i s n o t s ubj e c t to a

fo rmal e xam i n ati o n by a b o ard o f tru s te e s b ut i s r e qu i r e d to ,

e v i n c e h i s pr o fici en cy i n a d iff e r e n t way Th e h e ad o f a c h i ck e n .

i s s e c r e tly d e p o s i te d i n o n e o f a n umb e r o f e arth e n j ar s pr o v i d e d

fo r th e o cca s i o n an d h e i s r e qu i r e d to go a n d p o i n t o u t th e o n e i n
,

w h i c h i t i s s e cr ete d If h e d o es thi s pro mp tly i t i s c o n clu s i v e

. ,

pro o f o f h i s qual ifica ti o n to b e a d o c to r an d i s th e o cca s i o n o f ,

u nb o u n d e d e xul tati o n o n th e part o f h is fri en d s Hi s h e ad i s th en .

s h o rn a n d th e h a i r i s car e fully fo ld e d u p a n d k e p t a s a n i n d i s
, ,

p e n s abl e m e a n s o f s ucc e s s an d i s s o m eti m es pa wn e d a s a s e cur i ty

,

fo r h i s g o o d b eh av i o r a n d fa ith fu l d i s c h arg e o f du ty Th e d o c .

to r s badg e o f o ffi c e i s a m o n k e y s s k i n w h i ch h e carri e s i n th e
’ ’
,

fo r m o f a ro ll w h e r e v e r h e g o e s an d o f w hi ch h e i s qu ite as pro ud
,

a s h i s w hi te br o th e r i s o f h i s S h e e p s k i n d i pl o ma
”
Wi lson s -
.
’

A f r i ca p age 1 34
, .

W h e n all r e ady fo r th e tri al , I w e nt

d o w n to l o o k at th e
O u ga n ga d o c to r w h o l o o k e d l ite rally l i k e th e d e vi l
, I n e v e r s aw .

a m o r e gh a stly o bj e c t H e h a d o n a h i gh h e ad dr es s o f black
.
-

fe ath e r s H i s e y el i d s w e r e pai nte d r e d an d a r e d s tri p e fro m

.
, ,

th e n o s e u pward d i v i d e d h i s fo r eh e ad i n t w o par ts
,
A n o th e r r e d .

s tr i p e pa s s e d r o u n d h i s h e ad Th e fac e w as pai n te d w h ite a n d

.
,

o n e ac h s i d e o f th e m o u th w e r e t w o r o u n d r e d s p o ts A b o ut h is .

n e ck h u n g a n e cklac e o f gra s s a n d al s o a c o rd w hi c h h e ld a b o x
, ,

agai n st hi s br e a s t T hi s l ittl e b ox i s s acre d an d c o ntai n s Sp irits

.
,
.
74 R A IN -
D OC TO R S A N D O TH E R D OC TO R S .

w i th wate r a n d s urro u n d e d by c h arm e d o ch r e an d feti c h es s e rv e d

, ,

th e purp o s e o f th e l o o k i n g gla s s u s e d by th e c o a s t t r i b e s
-
Th e .

d o cto r s e a te d o n h i s s to o l l o o k e d i nte n t ly a n d my s teri o u s ly i n to

, ,

th e wa te r s h o o k hi s h e ad t h e n l oo k e d i n to a l i gh te d t o rch w hi c h
, , ,

h e wav e d o v e r i t mad e c o nto rti o n s w i th h i s b o dy tryi n g tO l o o k

'

, ,

a s ugly a s h e c o uld th e n r e p e a te d th e mumm e ri e s o v e r aga i n

, ,

a n d c o n clud e d by pr o n o un c i n g t h a t th e p e rs o n s w h o w e r e b e w i tc h

i n g th e v i llag e w e r e p eo pl e b e l o n g in g to th e plac e ”
D a Cha i l .
-

lu A s hango L a n d, 173
’
s -
p age .

Wh il s t I am o n th e s ubj e ct o f n ati ve d o c tori ng I mu s t r e late ,

w h at I s aw afte rward s i n th e c o urs e o f Mayolo s i ll n es s I k n e w ’

.

th e o l d c h ie f h a d b e e n r e gularly a tte n d e d by a fe mal e d o c to r a n d ,

o fte n w o n d e r e d w h at s h e d i d t o h i m A t l e n g th o n e m o rn i n g I .
,

h app e n e d to go i n to h i s h o u s e w h e n s h e w a s admi n i s te ri n g h e r
cur e s a nd r e mai n e d a n i nte res ti n g s pe cta to r to wa tch h er o p e ra
,

tio n s May o l o w a s s e a te d o n a m at s ubm i tti n g t o all th at w as

.
,
'

d o n e w i th th e u tm o s t gr avi ty an d pati e n c e Be fo r e h i m w as .

e x te n d e d th e s k i n o f a w i ld a n i mal Th e w o ma n w a s e n gag e d i n .

rubb i n g h i s b o dy all o v e r w ith h er h a n d s mu tte ri n g all th e w h il e , ,

i n a l o w v o i c e w o rd s w hi c h I c o uld n et u n d e r s ta n d
, H av i n g .

c o nti nu e d th i s w h o l e s o m e fri c ti o n for s o me ti m e s h e to ok a p i e c e ,

o f al um b i c h alk an d mad e w i th i t a br o ad s tri p e al o n g th e m i ddl e

o f hi s c h e s t a n d d o w n e ac h a r m Th is d o ne s he ch ew e d a .
,

qua n ti ty o f s o m e k i n d o f ro o ts an d s e e d s a n d h av i ng w el l , ,

c h arg e d h er m o u th w i th s al i va s pat up on h i m i n d i ff e r e n t plac e s , ,

b ut a i m i n g h er h e avi e s t s h o ts a t th e par ts m o s t a ff e cte d Fi n ally .

,

s h e to o k a b u n c h o f a par ti cular k i n d o f g r a s s w hi c h h a d b e e n ,

ga th e r e d w h e n i n bl o o m a n d w a s n o w d ry a n d l i gh ti n g i t , , ,

t o uc h e d w i th th e flam e th e b o dy o f h er pa ti e n t i n var i o u s plac e s ,

b e g i n n i n g a t th e fo o t a n d gradually a s c en d in g to th e h e ad I .

c o u ld p erc ei v e th a t May o l o s marte d w i th th e pa i n o f th e burn s ,

w h e n th e to rch r e ma i n e d to o l on g Wh en th e flam e w as .

e x ti n gu i s h e d th e w o man appl i e d th e bur n t par t o f th e t o rch to h e r

,

” —
pati e nt s b o dy an d s o th e o p era ti o n s en d e d
’
, D a Chai tlu s A s h .
’

a ngO -
L an d, p a
ge 1 69 .
 C H A PT ER IX

N A KE na s , SH A ME L E SSN E SS , A N D PR O STITUTIO N IN N E G R O L A N D .

CL O plac e w h e r e w e s too d w as a c i rcl e o f n ak e d

SE t o th e ,

s avag e w o m e n all black a s a c o al w h o w e r e p e rfo rm in g th e

, ,

o dd es t a n ti c s i ma gi n abl e ; a n d s ti ll n e ar e r s to o d a w i ld l o o k i n g -

g r o up o f th e i r mal e c o mpan i o n s r e s ti n g o n th ei r tall s p e ar s a n d

,

parti cipati n g i n th e fro l i c w i th all th ei r h e ar ts A thr ee c o rn e r e d .

-

ru s h o r s traw h at h avi n g a h i gh p e ak b u t w i th o u t a bri m w a s

, , ,

” —
th e o nly ar ti cl e o f dr e s s w o r n b y th e s e m en L ander s Tr avels ’
.

i n A f r i ca Vo l L p age 307
, .
, .

Th e Sh a n galla b o th s e x e s w hil e s i n gl e go e n tir el y n ak e d ;

of , ,

th e m arr i e d m e n i n d e e d h av e a v er y s l e n d e r c o v eri n g ab o u t
, ,

t h ei r w ai s t a n d marri e d w o m e n th e s am e
, Yo u n g m en a n d .

y o u n g w o m en ti ll l o n g pa st th e age o f pub erty ar e t o tall y

, ,

u n c o v e r e d a n d i n c o n s ta n t c o n v e rs ati o n a n d h ab i ts w i th e ach
,

o th e r i n w o o d s an d s o l i tud es fr ee fro m c o n s tra i n t a n d w i th o u t

, , ,

a ny pu n i s h m e n t a nn e x e d to th e tra n s g r ess i o n
”
Br uce s A f r i ca .
’
,

Vol IL.
, p age 5 58 .

Th e ati v es cam e d o w n to th e b o ats T h ey ar e s o m eth i n g

n .

s up erlati v e i n th e wa y o f s avag es ; th e m e n as n ak e d a s t h e y

cam e i nto th e w o rld ; th ei r b o d i e s rubb e d w i th a sh e s an d th ei r ,

h a i r s ta i n e d r e d by a pla s te r o f a sh es a n d c o w s uri n e The se ’

.

fe ll o w s ar e th e m o s t u n e arth ly l o ok i n g d e v i l s I e v e r s aw
-
th e r e ,

i s n o o th e r e xpr e s s i o n fo r th e m Th e u n marri e d w o m e n ar e al s o
.

e n ti r e ly n ak e d ; th e marri e d h av e a fri n g e mad e o f gra ss aro u n d

” —
th e i r l o i n s B aker s G r ea t Bas i n Of the N i le p age 4 2
’
. .
,

T h e r e i s l i ttl e d ifficul ty i n de s c ri b i n g th e to il et o f th e n ati ves ,

-
th a t o f th e m e n b e i n g s i mpl i fi e d by th e s o l e c o v e r i n g o f th e
h e ad th e b o dy b ei n g e n ti re ly n ud e
, It i s c uri o u s to o b s e rv e
.

a mo n g th es e w i ld s ava g es th e c o n s umma te v anity d is pl ay e d i n th ei r

76 N A KED N ESS , S HA ME L E S SN ESS , A N D PR O S TI T UTI O N .

h e ad - dr e ss es . Ev e ry tri b e h as
a d i stin c t and u n ch an g i ng fa shi o n
fo r dr ess i n g th e h a i r ; a n d s o e lab o ra te i s th e c o i fl ur e th a t h a i r
‘

d r es s in g i s r e duc e d to a s ci en c e Euro p e a n lad i es w o uld b e .

s tar tl e d a t th e fac t th a t t o p e rfe c t th e c o ifl ur e o f a m an r e qu i r e s

'

a p eri o d o f fro m e i g ht to ten y e ar s ”

Baker s G r eat B as i n qf the.
’

N i le, p age 4 2 .

A m o n g th e w o rst ch arac te ri sti c s of Kafli r s o ci ety i s i ts gr e at ,

i n c o nti n en c e Mo st y o u n g w o m e n ar e fr e qu e ntly a n d fo rc i bly

.

v i o la te d b e fo r e m arri ag e ; a n d w i d o w s ar e c o n s i d e re d publ i c pro p

e r ty. W h en th e ch i e fs w i sh to c arry an y par ti cular p o i nt th ey ,

s e i z e a n umb e r o f y o u n g w o m e n a n d g i v e th e m u t o th e i w i ld
p , r

wa r ri o rs T h i s I do n o t th in k h a s b e e n n o ti c e d b e fo r e i n a ny
.

acc o u nt o f th e Kafli r s ; a n d w i th w h o l e s al e a n d p eri o d i cal rap e

, ,
’

c o n s titu tes a v e ry black fe atur e i n t h ei r c h arac te r A dul te ry al s o .

i s fr e qu en t am o n g th e m ; an d th e fin e i s m e r e ly a c o w Th e fo l .

l o w i n g I k no w to b e a fac t : A Kafli r c o v e te d a h a n d so m e c o w o r ,

o n e w i th a mu s i cal v o i c e th e pr o p e r ty o f h i s n e i g h b o r ; h e o rd e r e d
,

h i s w ife to th r o w h e rs elf i n h i s n e i g h b o r s way ; th e gu i l ty pa i r ’

w e re d e te cte d ; a n d th e i nj ur e d h u sba n d s e cur e d th e o bj e c t o f h i s

p g 97
” —
d esi r es A lexa n der s A f r i ca Ol L 3
'
’
. a e , .
, .

Th e w o m en cl o th e th e m s elv es b etter th an th e Balo n da b ut ,

th e m en go i n puri s n atu r ali b u s Th ey walk ab o u t w i th o u t th e

.

s mall es t s e ns e o f s h am e T h ey h av e e ve n l o st th e trad itio n o f

.

th e fig l e af I ask e d a fin e larg e b o d i e d o l d m an i f h e di d n o t
- ’ -
.
,

th i n k i t w o uld b e b ette r t o ad o p t a l i ttl e c o v e ri ng He l ooke d ,

w i th a p ityi n g l e e r an d laugh e d w i th s u rpri s e at my thi nk i n g h i m

,

a t all i n d e c e nt ; h e e v i d e n tly c o n s i d e r e d h i m s e lf ab o v e s u c h w e ak

s up e r s titi o n I tol d hi m th at o n my r eturn I s h o uld h av e my

.
, ,

fam ily w i th m e an d n o o n e mu s t c o m e n e ar u s i n th at s tate

,
.

W h at s h all w e p u t o n — w e h avi n g n o cl oth in g ! It w as c o n

,

s i der e d a g o o d j o k e w h e n I to ld th e m th a t if t h e y h a d n othi n g ,

” —
e l s e th e y mu st p ut o n a bu n c h o f g ra ss L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i ca
’
, .
,

p age 590 .

Th ere is no d iffe ren c e b etw een th e se x es duri ng th ei r ea rl y

 N A KE D N E S S , SHA MEL E S SN ESS , A N D PR O S TI TUTI O N . 77

ye ars . A am e o r m o d e s ty s e e m s al to g eth e r u nk n o w n
s en s e o f s h

o r di s r e gard e d ; n o r i s i t u n u s u al t o fi n d t e n o r a d o z e n o f b o th

g e n d e rs h uddl e d p r o m i s cu o u s ly b en e a th a r o o f w h o s e wall s ar e
n o t m o r e th a n fifte e n fe e t s quar e T ru e to hi s n atur e a V e y .
,

b u s h ma n ri s e s i n th e m o r ni n g to s wall o w h i s ri c e a nd crawl s ,

back t o h i s m at w hi c h i s i nvari ab ly plac e d i n th e s u n shi ne w h e re

, ,

h e ba sk s ti ll m o o n ti d e w h e n a n o th e r w i fe s e rv e s h i m a s e c o n d
,

m e al Th e r e ma i n d e r o f th e dayl i gh t i s pa ss e d e ith e r i n g os s ip
.

o r a s e c o n d s i e s ta ti l] at s u n d o w n h i s o th e r w i v e s wa s h h i s b o d y
, , , ,

furni s h a thi rd m e al a n d s tr e tch hi s w e ari e d li mb s b e fo r e a blaz

,

i n g fir e to r e fr e s h h i m fo r th e to i l s o f th e s ucc ee d i n g day In fac t .

th e s lav es o f a h o u s eh o ld to g e th e r w i th i ts fe mal e s fo rm th e
, ,

e n ti r e w o rk i n g cla ss o f A fri ca
”
Ca not s Twenty Year s Of an Af r i ’
.

can S laver p age 4 30 , .

W o m e n i n A frica w i ll fre qu en tly ba th e i n publ i c an d b e fo r e

fi

s tra n g e r s w i tho u t th e s l ig h te s t s h am e
, Yo u n g m e n .

e rr o n eo u s ly s u pp o s e th a t th e r e i s s o m eth i n g v o lup tu o u s i n th e e x

c e s s i ve d i s h ab i ll e o f an e qua to r i al gi rl O n th e c o ntrary n o th i n g
”

.
,

i s s o m o ral a n d s o r e pul s i v e as n ak e d n es s D r e s s m u s t h av e b e e n .

th e i n v e n ti o n o f s o m e cl e v e r w o ma n to e n s n ar e th e pa ss i o n s o f
m en .
”
Bead e s S avage Af r i ca , p age 4 24
’
.

w o m en i n all th e trib es ar e much g i v en to i ntr i gu e an d

Th e ,

”—
ch asti ty i s an u nkno w n v i rtu e D a Chai tin s E quator i al Af r i ca
.
’
,

p age 38 2 .

So m e of th e i r cu s to m s ar e s o o b s c en e th at e v en th e r e c o rd o f
th e m w o uld be i nadmi ss i bl e h er e ”
Valdez s Af r i ca Vo l I L
.
’
, .
,

p age 1 63 .

Th i s fr e e d o m o f th e w o m en I di d n o t much r eli sh an d d e s ir e d ,

my s erva n ts to a sk th e m w h at th e y wa n te d Th ey r epl i e d th at .

th e i r o bj e c t w a s to o b ta i n a dram o f rum a n d o ffe r th em s e lv e s ,

a s w i v e s s ay i n g t h a t e v e ry gr e a t m a n h a d a n umb e r o f W i v e s
, ,

an d k n o wi n g m e to b e a s tra ng e r w i th n o w i fe th ey supp o s e d
, ,
78 N A KE D N ESS , S HA ME L E S S N ES S , A N D PR O S TI T UTI O N .

th at c o urs e I wan te d a fe w A f r i ca , Vo l
”
L
’
of . D u n ca n s .
, p age

172 .

Th e w o m en o f In as am e t n o t o n ly mad e th e firs t adva n c e s ,

but w a
h t i s w o r s e t h e y w
,
e r e o ff e r e d e v e n by th e m e n — th e i r ,
‘

br eth r en o r h u sba n d s Ev en th o s e am on g th e m e n w h o s e b eh avi o r

.

w a s l e a s t v i l e a nd r e v o l tin g d i d n o t c e a s e u rg i n g u s t o e n ga g e
w i th th e w o m en w h o fai l e d n o t to pr e s ent th em s elv e s s o o n afte r
,

ward s It c o uld s carc ely b e t ak en as a j ok e S o m e o f th e

. .

w o m en w e r e i mm en s ely fat parti cularly i n th e h i n der r e gi o n s

,
”
.

Bar th s A fr i ca , Vol L 4 08
’
.
, p a
ge .

Th e c h i e f j u s t m enti o n e d w as i n a c er tai n d eg r e e s ubj e c t to

th e rul e r s o f Bo rn u ; b u t i t s e e m e d ra th e r a n i r o n i cal a ss e r ti o n th at
th i s pr i n c e w o uld b e p l e a s e d w i th th e ar r i val o f th e e xp e d i ti o n .

W h i l e d es cri b i n g h i s r e c e p ti o n at th e c o urt o f th e c h i e f th e s c o u t ,

i n dulg e d i n a l i v e ly d es cr ip ti o n o f th e cu s to m s pr e val e n t am o n g
th e s e p e o pl e Hi s maj e s ty h e s a i d u s e d to i n dulg e i n am o r o u s
.
, ,

i nte rc o u r s e w i th hi s fe mal e s lav e s o f w h o m h e h ad tw o h u n d r e d , ,

b efo r e th e e y e s o f hi s p eo pl e a n acc o u n t w h i c h w a s ra th er c o n
,

firm e d by Be lal w h o h a d b e e n hi s b e s t s e v eral ti m es Belal

, .
,

w h o w as a v e ry j o v i al o l d fell o w al s o s ta te d th a t th i s l i ttl e pri n c e

,

w as n o t j e al o u s o f th e fav o r s b es to w e d by hi s fe mal e par tn e rs

u p o n h i s gu e s ts b u t o n th e c o n trary th a t h e h i m s elf v ol u n tari l y
, , ,

g av e th e m up to th e m ”
Bar th s A f r i ca VO L IL p age 2 1 6
.
’
, , , .

Th e p eo pl e g en eral ar e v e ry l ib i d i n o u s b u t th ei r ab il i ty
in ,

a ns w e rs n o t th ei r d e si re ; h o w e v e r th ei r to o fre qu e nt acti o n s a n d ,

th e i r d e al i n g w i th vari e ty o f w o m en draw up o n th e m n o s mall

i n c o n v en i e n c e s N o r d o th e w o m e n fall s h o rt o f th e m e n i n th e i r
.

u n ch a s ti ty w h olly g i v i n g th em s elv e s u p to ve n er e al e x e rc i s es ;
,

an d i f c o n ti nually tro ubl e d w i th a fur o r u te ri n u s a t all t i m e s c h e w ,

a n d e at s uc h h e rb s a n d bark s o f tr e es a s ar e t h e gr e a te s t i n c e n

ti ves to h e i g h te n th ei r d esi r e s to alm o st h o url y c o n gr e s s es .

”

O gi lby s A f r i ca p age 39 0
’
.
,
 D R UN KE N N E S S A N D DE BA UCH E R Y . 79

C H A PT E R X

D R UN KEN N E SS AND D E B A U C H ER Y IN N EG R O L A N D .

TH E larg e q ua nti ty o f palm tr ees i n an d ar o u n d th e v i llag e -

furn i sh e s th e i nh ab i ta nts o f Mo kab a w i th a r e ady s upply o f th e i r

fav o ri te dri nk palm w i n e ; for a s I h av e s a i d b e fo r e th e y ar e a
,
-
, ,

m erry p eo pl e an d mak e a r e gular prac tic e o f g e tti n g d r u n k

,

e v e ry d ay a s l o n g a s th e w i n e i s o b ta i n abl e
, I o ften s a w th e m .

cl imb th e tre es i n e arly m o rni n g a n d tak e d e e p drau g h ts fro m th e

,

c alaba s h e s s u s p e n d e d th e r e L i k e m o s t d r u n k e n p e o pl e th e y b e
.

c o m e quarr e l s o m e a n d b e i n g a l i v e ly a n d e xc i t abl e rac e ma n y

; ,

fray s o c c u r H app i ly th e palm w i n e s e a s o n la sts o n ly a fe w

.
-

m o n th s i n th e y e ar ; i t w a s th e h ei ght o f th e d ru n k e n s e a s o n
w h e n I w a s at Mo kaba I s aw v e ry few m e n w h o h ad n o t s cars
. ,

o r t h e m ark s o f o n e o r m o r e w o u n d s r e c e i ve d i n th e i r m e rry ,

mak i n g s c ri mmag e s T h ei r h o l i day s ar e v e ry fr e qu e n t Uh

. .

l i mi te d dri nk i n g i s th e ch i e f amu s e m en t to g eth e r w i th da n c i n g , ,

”—
t a m ta mm i n g a n d w i ld upr o ar w hi ch la s t all n igh t
-
, , D a Cha i l .

lu A s hango L
’
s a nd , age 2 60
p
-
.

Th e k i n g a s u s ual w a s dru n k w h e n I arri v e d I n d ee d h e

, , .
,

w as to o tip s y to s ta n d o n h i s l e g s ; n e v e r th e l e s s h e w a s bully i n g ,

a n d b o a s ti n g i n a l o ud t o n e o f v o i c e I h a d n o t b e e n i n h i s plac e
.

l o n g b e fo re h e o rd e r e d a n o th e r calaba sh full o f palm w i n e a n d -

,

d ra n k o ff ab o u t a gall o n o f i t T hi s fi n i sh e d h i m up for th e d ay ;
.

h e fe ll back i n to th e arm s o f h i s l o vi ng w i v e s ej acula ti n g ma n y ,

tim e s I a m a b ig k i n g ! I am a b i g k i n g ! Th e v o i c e s o o n h e
,

”—
cam e i n aud ibl e and h e fell a sl e ep
, D a Cha i llu s A s ha ngo L and .
’
-
,

p age 4 1 .

Th e k i n g s u s ual way o f l ivi ng i s to s l e e p all day ti ll to ward

’
,

s u n s e t ; th en h e g e ts up to dri nk a n d g o e s to s l e e p aga i n till m i d

,

n i g h t th e n h e r i s es a n d c a ts an d i f h e h a s a n y s tr o n g l i q u o r s
, ,

w i ll s i t a n d dri n k t ill dayl i g h t a n d th e n e a t a n d go to s l e e p aga i n

, ,
.

W h e n h e i s w e ll s to ck e d w i th l i qu o r h e w i ll s it an d dri nk fo r five ,

o r S i x d ay s t o g eth e r an d n o t e at o n e m o r s e l o f a n y thi n g i n all

,
80 N IGH T CA R O US A L S , E T C .
, IN N EG R OL A N D .

th at ti m e . It i s t o th a t i ns ati abl e th i r s t
afte r bra n dy th at of his
h i s s ubj e c ts fr e e d o m a n d fam il i es ar e i n s o pr e cari o u s a s itua ti o n
’

fo r h e v e ry o ften g o e s w i th s o m e o f h i s tro o p s by a to w n i n th
day ti m e an d r e tu r n s i n th e n i gh t a n d s ets fir e to th r e e parts o f
, ,

i t a n d s e ts guard s a t th e fo urth to s e i z e th e p e o pl e as th ev r u n
,

o u t fr o m th e fi r e H e th e n ti e s th ei r arm s b eh i n d th e m an d
.
,

march es th e m to th e p lac e w h e r e h e s ell s th e m i n to s lav e ry ”

.

Moor e s Inland Par ts Of A f r i ca p age 8 7

’
, .

Th e ch a s tity I d o n o t b el i e v e to e x i st i n W awa
vi i t u e o f .

Ev en th e w i d o w Z uma l et s o u t h er fe mal e s lav es fo r h i re l i k e th e ,

r es t o f th e p eopl e o f th e to w n N ei th e r i s s o bri e ty h eld as a vi r

.

tu e . I n e v e r w as i n a plac e i n my l i fe w h er e dru n k en n es s w a s s o
g en e ral G o v e rn o r pri e s t an d layma n an d e v e n s o m e o f th e
.
, , ,

l ad i e s dri n k to e xc e s s
,
I w as p e s te re d for th r ee o r fo ur day s by
.

th e g o v e r n o r s daug h te r w h o u s e d t o c o m e s e v e ral ti m es i n a day

’
, ,

pa i n te d an d b e d i z en e d i n th e h igh e st s tyl e o f W awa fa s hi o n b u t ,

alway s h alf tip s y I c o uld o nly get r i d o f h er by tell i n g h er th a t

.

I pray e d a n d l o o k e d at th e s tar s all n i gh t an d n e v e r d r a nk any ,

th i n g s tr o ng e r th a n wa te r S h e alway s d epar te d i n a fl oo d o f
.

te ar s Clapp eri on s A f r i ca p age 1 2 9

’
.
, .

CHA P T ER XI .

N IG H T CA R O U SA L S , A N D N O I S Y A N D N O N SEN SICA L A CTIO N S IN NE

G R O LAN D .

TH Ep eo pl e u s ually s h o w th ei r j oy a n d w o rk o ff th ei r e xci te
m en t i n dan c e s an d s o n g s Th e da n c e c o n si s ts o f th e m en s ta n d
.
~

i n g n e arly n ak e d i n a c i rcl e w i th club s o r s mall ba ttl e ax e s i n

,
-

th e i r h an d s an d e ac h r o ari n g a t th e l o ud e s t p i tc h o f h i s v o i c e
, ,

w hil e th e y s i mul tan e o u sl y l i ft o n e l eg s tamp h e av ily twi c e w i th ,

82 IN H O S PI A L I T TY TO S TR A N G ER S , E TC .

t ub e acc
, o mpa n i e d by th e cl i nk i n g o f c h a i n s — i n d e e d e v e ry , ,

t hi n g th a t c o u ld i n cr e a s e t h e u pr o ar w a s p u t i n r e qu i s i ti o n o n th i s
m e m o rabl e o cca s i o n ; n o r di d i t c e a s e till m i d ni gh t N e v e r h av e .

w e w i t n e s s e d s o e x tra o rd i n ary a s c e n e a s th i s If a Euro p e a n .

,

a s tr a n g e r to A fri ca w er e to b e plac e d o f a s udd e n i n th e m i d s t

,

o f th e s e p eo pl e h e w o uld i m ag i n e h i m s e lf t o b e am o n g a l e g i o n
,

o f d e m o n s h o ld i n g a r e v e l o v e r a fall e n Sp i r i t S O p e cul i arly u n

, ,

e arth ly w ild a n d h o rri fy i n g w a s t h e app e ara n c e o f th e d a n c i n g

, ,

” —
gro up an d th e clam o r w hi ch th ey mad e
,
L ander s Tr a vels i n .
’

Af r i ca Vol L p age 366

, .
, .

CHA P T ER XII .

I N H O S ITA L IT P Y TO S TR A N G ER S , B E G G IN G , E X TO R TI O N 4 A N D R OB

B ER Y IN N EG R O L A N D .

G w i th th e A fri ca n i s n o t e v e n a s en s e o f pr o sp e c ti v e
R A TITU D E

fav o r H e l o ok s u p o n a b e n efi t a s th e w e ak n e s s o f h i s b en e fac to r
.

a n d hi s o w n s tr e n g th ; c o n s e qu e n tl y h e w i ll n o t r e c o g n i z e e v e n

th e h a n d th a t fe e d s h i m H e w i ll p e rh ap s lam e n t fo r a n i g h t
.
, ,

th e d e ath o f a par e n t o r a c hi l d b u t th e m o rr o w w i ll fi n d h i m th o r ,

o ug h ly c o mfo rt e d Th e n am e o f h o s p i tal ity e xc ep t fo r i n te r es te d

.
,

m o ti v e s i s u nk no w n to h i m
, Wh at w i ll yo u g i v e m e ! i s hi s .
‘ ’

firs t qu es ti o n To a s tra n g e r e n te ri n g a v illag e th e w o rs t b ut i s

.

a s s i g n e d an d i f h e c o mplai n th e a n s w e r i s th a t h e c an fin d e n
, , ,

camp i ng g r o u n d o u ts i d e I n s te ad o f tre ati ng h i m l ik e a g u est

-
.
,

w h i c h th e A rab Be d o u i n w o uld h o ld to b e a p o i nt o f pri d e o f ,

h o n o r h i s h o s t c o mp e l s hi m to pay a n d pr e pay e v e ry ar ti cl e ;
,

o th e rw i s e h e m i gh t s tarv e i n th e m i d s t o f pl e n ty ” — B ur to n s A
f
’
.

r i ca , p age 4 9 0 .

Th e cu ri osi ty of th es e p e opl e , an d th e l ittl e c ere m ony w i th

 IN H O S PI TA L I T Y TO . S TR A N G E R S . E TC . 83

w h i ch th e y gra tify i t ar e at ti m e s m o s t tro ubl es o m e , A , , .

s tra n g e r mu s t b e s tar e d a t ; to tal a pa th y i s th e o n ly r e m e dy ; i f

th e v i c ti m l o s e h i s t e mp e r o r a tte mp t t o d i s l o dg e t h e m h e w i ll
, ,

fi n d i t l i k e d i s turb i n g a s warm o f b e es T h e y w i ll c o m e fo r m i l e s .

to s o w gap e s e e d If th e ten t fl y b e cl o s e d th ey w i ll p e e r a n d
-
.
’ -
,

p ee p fr o m b el o w c o mplai ni n g l o udly aga i n s t th e o ccupa n t ; a n d

, ,

if fur th e r p r e v e n t e d th e y may pr o c e e d to v i o l e n c e
,
O n th e r o ad .

h o s ts o f i dl e r s e s p e c i ally w o m e n b o y s a n d g i r l s w i ll fo ll o w th e
, , , ,

carava n fo r h o ur s It i s a tr uly o fl e n s i ve s p e c tacl e — t h es e u n

‘

.
,

c o u th fig u re s ru n ni n g at a gy m n a s ti c p ac e h al f cl o th e d e xc e p t
, ,
’
,

w i th gr e a s e w i th p en d ent b oso m s S h aki n g i n th e a i r an d cri es

, ,

th a t r es e mbl e th e h o wl s o f b e a s ts m o r e t h a n a n y e ff o r t o f h uma n
ar ti cula ti o n —Bur ton s Af r i c a p age 4 9 6
”
.
’
, .

To trav e ll er s , th e A fri ca n i s o f c o ur s e l e s s c i vi l th a n to m er , ,

ch a n ts fro m w h o m h e e xp e c ts to ga i n s o m ethi n g H e w il l r e fu s e
, .

a m o u th ful o f wa te r o u t o f h is abu n da n c e to a m an dy i n g o f thi rs t ;

u tterly u n s ympath i z i n g h e w i ll n o t s tr etch o u t a h a n d t o s av e
,

” —
a n o th e r s g o o d s th o ug h w o rth th o u s a n d s o f d oll ar s
’
, Bur ton s .
’

A f r i ca p age 4 9 1
, .

Th e trav e ll e r ca nn o t prac ti s e p i ty ; h e i s e v e r i n th e di l e mm a
o f mal tr e a ti n g o r b ei n g mal tr e a te d W e r e h e to de al c i vi ll y .

a n d l i b e rally w i th thi s p e o pl e h e w o uld s tarv e ; i t i s va i n t o o ff e r ,

a pri c e for e v e n th e n e c e ss ari e s o f l i fe ; i t w o uld c er tai nly b e r e

fu s e d b e cau s e m o r e i s wa n te d an d s o o n b ey o n d th e b o u n d s o f
, ,

p o s s i b i l i ty .
”
Bu r to n s A f r i ca p age 8 8 ’
, .

Th e Wag o g o ar e i mp o r tu n ate b e g gar s wh o s p e cify th ei r l o n g ,

l i s t o f wa n ts w i th o u t s ti n t o r s h am e th e ir pri n ci p al d ema n d i s to
bacc o w h i c h d o es n o t gr o w i n th e lan d ; an d th e y r e s e mbl e th e
,

S o mal w h o n e v e r S i g h t a s tra n g e r w i th o u t s tr e tch i n g o u t th e

,

h a n d fo r b o ri Th e m e n ar e i dl e an d d ebauch e d s p en d in g
‘
.
’
,

th e i r days i n u n b r o k e n r e v e l r y a n d dru n k e nn e s s w hi l e t h e g i rl s ,

a n d w o m e n h o e t h e fi e ld s a n d th e b o y s t e n d th e flo cks and ,

B urto n ’
s A f r i ca age 2 15
p .
84 IN H O S PI TA L I T Y To S TR A NGE RS , E TC .

pr op o rti o n a s th e trav ell e r adva n c es i n to th e i nte ri o r h e

In ,

fi n 11s th e p eo pl e l e s s h uma n e o r ra th e r l es s h uma n Th e W avi n z a , .

,

t h e W aj ij i a n d o th e r lak i s t t r i b e s muc h r e s e mbl e o n e a n o th e r

, , .

T h e y ar e e x to rti o n ate v i o l en t an d r e v e ng e ful barbari a n s ; n o

, ,

Muyamw ez i dar e s t o trav el al o n e th ro ug h th ei r terri to ri e s an d ,

s mall p ar ti e s ar e e ver i n da n g er o f d e s truc ti o n Bu r to n s A f r i ca

’
.
,

p age 49 8 .

Fr o m th e hi g h e s t to th el o w est all cla sse s ar e m o s t p er tin a ,

c i o u s b e gg ar s Wh ats o e v er i s s e en i s s urely d e ma n d e d
. gu n s , ,

k ni v e s s ci ss o rs b e ad s cl oth m i rro rs an d d o llars Th e l o v e o f

, , , , , .

a cqu i ri n g pr o p e rt y s ti fl e s e v e ry s e n s e o f s h am e ; a n d n o c o m

pu n c ti o n i s fel t i n a ski n g fo r th e cl o ak fro m o ff th e back o r i n ,

carryi n g i t away duri n g a p itil ess s to rm ”

Har r i s s A d ventur es .
’

i n A f r i ca p age 2 9 9
, .

Th e y a p eopl e r e markabl e fo r th ei r d is regard for t ruth

ar e a ,

w i ck e d ne s s w h i ch I r e g r et to s ta te I fo u n d v ery pr e val en t i n S o u th
e r n A fri ca Th e y ar e al s o g r e at b e g gars g e n e rally c o mm e n c i n g
.
,

by s o l ici ting fo r tr exels a tr e x el b e i n g a p o u n d o f tea or c o ffe e

,
’
.

K n o w i n g th e galla n try o f o u r n a ti o n t h ey afii rm th i s t o b e a pr es ,

e n t for a w i fe o r daug h te r Wh o m th e y r epr e s e nt a s b e i n g p o o rly

, .

If thi s i s gra n te d th ey c o ntinu e th e i r i mp o rtu n i ti e s s ucc ess i v e ly

, ,

”—
fa n cy i n g y o ur h at n eckcl oth an d c o at , Cu mmi ng s A f r i ca Vol
, .
’ ’
, .

I .
, p age 1 28 .

x tr e m ely a n x i o u s to ge t away fro m th i s plac e as I

I w as e ,

w as s o r ely p e st e r e d by b e gg i n g par ti e s th e i nh ab i ta n ts o f C O D ,
-

W urn o an d S o k o to b e i n g th e m o s t tro ubl es o m e b eggar s i n th e

W o rld — B ar th 3 A f r i ca Vol III p age 1 37
.
” ’
, . .
, .

p e o pl e ar e i n g e n eral fa i th l e s s an d v e ry c o v e to u s an d
Th e ,

t h e y n e v e r mak e a pr es en t w i th o u t e xp e c ti n g to r e c ei v e th r ee ti m e s
as muc h i n r e tur n Va ldez s A f r i ca Vol II p age 208
” ’
. .
, .
 IN H O S PI TA L I T Y To S TR A N G ER S , E TC . 85

I re ti re d to my h u t i n d i s g u s t Th i s aftern o o n a m e ss e n g e r
.

arri ve d fro m th e k i n g w i th tw e nty fo ur s mall p i e c e s o f s traw c ut -

,

i nto l e n g th s o f ab o u t fo ur i n c h e s T h e s e h e lai d car e fully i n a

.

r o w a n d e xpla i n e d th a t S p ek e h a d g i v e n th a t n umb e r of pr e s e n ts
, ,

w h er e a s I h a d o nly g i v e n ten — th e la tte r fi g ur e b ei n g car e fully

,

e x e mpl ifi e d b y te n p i e c e s o f s traw ; h e w i s h e d to k n o w w hy I
d i d n o t g i v e h i m th e s am e n umb e r as h e h ad r e c ei v e d fr o m
Sp ek e Thi s mi s erabl e gra sp i n g lyi n g c o ward i s n e v erth e l ess
.
’
, , ,

a k i n g an d th e s ucc e s s o f my e xp e d iti o n d ep en d s up o n him

,
”
.

Baker s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le p age 31 3

’
, .

T ru e to h i s n atural i ns ti n c ts th e k i n g c o mm e n c e d b e ggi n g
, ,

an d b ei n g muc h s truck w i th my H ig h la n d c o s tum e h e d e ,

m an de d i t a s a pr oo f o f fri e n d sh ip s ay i n g th a t if I r e fu s e d I c o uld
, ,

n o t b e h i s fri e n d My watc h c o mpa s s an d d o ubl e Fl e tch e r r i fie

.
, ,

w e r e a s k e d for i n th ei r t urn ; all o f w hi ch I r e fu s e d to g i v e h i m .

H e app e ar e d muc h a nn o y e d th e r e fo r e I pr e se n te d h i m w i th a
,

p o u n d can i s te r o f p o wd e r a b o x o f cap s an d a fe w bull e ts H e

-
, , .

r epl i e d Wh at s th e u se o f th e ammu ni tio n i f yo u w o n t g i v e m e

,
’
,
’

y o ur r ifl e ! I e xpla i n e d th a t I h ad alr e ady g i v en h i m a gu n

’
,

a n d th at h e h a d a r i fl e o f Sp e k e s D i s gu s te d w i th hi s i mp or tu
’
.

n i ty I r o s e t o d e par t te ll i n g hi m th a t I s h oul d n o t r e tur n to v i s i t

, ,

h i m as I di d n o t b e li e v e h e w as th e r e al Kam r as i
, I h ad h e ard .

th a t Kamr a s i w as a gr e a t ki n g b u t th a t h e w a s a m e r e b e ggar
, ,

” —
a n d w as d o ub tl ess an i mp o s to r Baker s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le ’
.
,

p age 386 .

N o thi n g
m s to u s s o i n c o mm en s urabl e w i th th e tro ubl e
se e ,

fa ti gu e an d da n g e r o f A fri ca n trav e l as th e s mall s ucc ess w h i ch

,

u sually r e ward s th e e xpl o r er o f th i s i mp e n e trabl e c on ti ne n t In .

o th e r c o u n tr i es i t h as b e e n s a i d yo u o ug h t t o trav e l al o n e o n fo o t ,

or en gr a n d s ei gn eur i f yo u w i s h t o u n d e r s ta n d th e p e o pl e o r t h e i r
,

cu sto m s In A fri ca e i th e r m eth o d i s i mp o ss i bl e to any purp o s e

. .

In i ts s avag e e qua to ri al d i s tri c ts n o Eur o p e a n c an trav e l al o n e ;

h i s n e c es s ary baggag e call s for a s mall c o mpa n y o f fo ll o w e rs .

He mu st trad e an d h e mu st d efen d hi s g oo d s H e ca nn o t av o i d .

ar o u si n g th e cup i d i ty o f e v e ry tri b e w i th w h i ch h e c o m e s i n c o n
tact an d ye t h e mu st d ep en d up o n th ei r g o o d w ill for hi s c h an c e
,
-

8
86 IN H O S PI TA L I T Y .
TO S TR A N G ER S , E TC .

o f s ee i n g a ny o th e r . m or e s tra n g e to th e m th an th ey
Infin i tely
c a n b e t o h i m h e i s a t o n c e a s s o c i a te d w i th a n m i s f r tu w hi c h
, y o n e

h as h app e n e d to th e m e i th e r s h o rtly b e fo r e ih i s arri val dur i n g

, ,

hi s s tay w i th th e m o r fo ll o w i n g cl o s e up o n h i s d epar tur e

, He .

b e c o m e s th e o bj e c t o f c o n s ta nt i ntri g u e s an d o f u n c e a s i n g i f , ,

s i mpl e e ffo r ts a t e x to r ti o n H o w c an i t b e o th e rw i s e ! H e carri e s

.

ab o u t w i th h i m w h a t i n th e e y e s o f th e s avag e s by w h o m h e i s
,

s urr o u n d e d i s w e al th gr e a te r th a n th a t i n A lad di n s cav e O nly ’

, .

by th e rar e s t g o o d fo rtu n e c an h e h o p e to e s cap e fro m s o m e c o n

ti n ge n c y w hi c h w i ll r o b h i m n o t o n ly o f all h e p o s s e s s e s b u t al s o ,

o f m o s t o f th e ta n g i bl e r es u l ts o f hi s lab o r s i f n o t o f h i s l i fe
”
.
,

Wes tmi ns ter R evi ew 1 8 67 , .

IVh e n th e y l o n g er ask th ey b e g i n to b o rr o w w i th the

c an n o , ,

fir m r es o l uti o n o f n e v e r r e payi ng ; a n d w h a t i s w o r s t o f all w h e n , ,

th e y mak e a pr e s e nt th e y h o ld i t a d e adly o ffe n c e n o t to r e c e i v e

,

a t l e a s t d o ubl e th e val u e i n r e tur n

”
Mur r ay s A f r i can D i s cover .
’

i es , p age 69 .

In b e gg i n g , th e S o u th A
fri ca n s ar e m os t c e a s el es s a n d i mp o r
t a n a te A t Mr Bu rc h ell s fir s t e n tra n c e th e y o b s e rv e d a c e rta i n
. .
’
,

d e gree o f c er e mo n y a n d o n ly o n e s o l i tary c ry fo r to bacc o w as

,

h e ard ; b u t th i s fe e l i ng o f d el i cacy o r d e c o ru m s o o n gav e way .

Matti vi hi m s elf mad e a pri va te r e qu est th at th e pr e s e n ts i nten d e d

for h i m s h o uld n o t b e s e e n by th e p e o pl e at larg e by w h o m th e y ,

w o uld s o o n b e all b e gg e d away T h ey s e em e d to h av e m o r e .

pri d e i n w h at th e y pr o cur e d by s o l i ci ta ti o n th a n i n a thin g o f

gre ate r valu e if r e c ei v e d a s a s p o nta n eo u s g ift Murr ay s A f r i .
” ’

c an D i s co ver i es , p age 222 .

Tj o p o p a w o uld sp en d w h o l e d ay s at o u r camp i n th e m os t ah
s o lu te i dl e n e s s a n d apa th y t e a s i n g u s w i th b e g g i n g fo r e v e ry thi ng
,

h e s aw .L i k e all D amara s h e h ad a p e rfec t ma n i a fo r to ba c c o

, ,

a n d c o n s i d e r e d n o d e grada ti o n to o d e e p pr o v i d e d h e c o u l d o b ta i n

a fe w i n ch e s o f n arc o ti c w e e d H e w a s s upp o s e d t o h av e n o
.

l e s s th a n t w e nty w i v e s tw o o f w h o m I fo u n d to my a s to n i s h
, ,

m ent w e r e m o th er a n d dau g h te r I h av e s in c e a s c erta in e d th at

, .
 IN H O S PI TA L I T Y TO S TR A N G E R S , E TC .

it is by no m e an s an un u s ual prac tic e am o n g s t thi s d e m o ral i z ed

a
n ti o n .
— A n der s s on s
’
A f r i ca , p age 1 35 .

It fte n cam e ab o u t th a t o u r h o u s e w a s l ik e a s h o p Wh e re
o

th e r e a r e cu s to m e r s i n ab u n da nc e e xc e p t th at i n o u r ca s e th ey ,

w e re c u sto m e rs w h o w i s h e d to h av e e v e rythi n g fo r n o thi ng O n e .

wa nte d a h a tc h et a n o th e r a garm en t a thi rd n e e dl e s a fo ur th a

, , ,

d o llar a fifth s al t o r p e pp e r a s i x th p hysi o ; an d s o i n o n e day

, , , ,

w e s o m e ti m e s h ad fifte e n or t w e n ty app li ca nt s all b e gg i n g an d , ,

o fte n afte r a v e ry cu n ni n g fa s h i o n
”
Kr apf s A f r i ca p age 1 75 .
’
, .

Th e c hi e f n ow s ai d s o m ethin g to h i s b oy s an d th e n r etir e d ,

o u t o f s igh t Imm e d i ately a d o z en o r m or e b o y s w e r e i n c h a s e

.

o f a n u n fo rtu n a te r o o s te r ; e v e ry b o y o r g i rl w h o cam e u p w a s

pr e s s e d i nto s ervi c e s o th a t s o o n n e arly all th e c h i ldr e n o f th e

,

t o w n w er e e n gag e d i n th e c h a s e Fi n ally th e r o o s te r w a s cap .

tu r e d a n d tak e n t o th e c h i e f w h o n o w c a
, m e fo rward a n d w i th a
, ,

l o w b o w pr e s e nt e d i t to m e
, We w e r e n o w all o w e d to pr o c e e d
. .

Yo u may b e s ur e if yo u ar e ac quai n te d w i th t h e A fri ca n c h arac

,

ter th a t th e c h i e f d i d n o t fa i l t o pay m e a v i s i t s o o n afte r wh e n I

, ,

h ad t o mak e h i m a r etur n pr e s e n t o f fo ur o r fi ve ti m e s th e va lu e
o f h i s fo wl N o r w as th i s s u ffi c i e n t b u t h e mu s t c o m e fo ur o r
.
,

five ti m e s g i v i n g m e to u n d e r s ta n d h e wa n te d s o m e thi n g
,
”
.

S cott s D ag D a wn i n A f r i ca p age 1 08
’
.
,

Bo th m en w o m en g i v e th e m s elv es w h olly up a s i t w e r e
and , ,

to wa n to nn e s s ; a n d t o ward s tra n g e r s th ey ar e c h url i s h an d u n c i v i l ,

n o t o n ly e xac ti n g fro m th e m b ey o n d r e a s o n b u t d e fraud i n g th e m ,

by m a ny s ub tl e an d sly i nv e n ti o n s ”
O gilby s A f r i ca p age 5 2 1 .
’
, .

I w a s ab o u t to tak e m y l e av e w h en th e K in g o f Bo n d o u , ,

d es i r in g m e to s to p aw h i l e b e ga n a l o n g pr e ambl e i n fav o r o f
,

th e w hi te s e x to ll i n g th e i r i mm e n s e w e al th a n d g o o d d i s p o s i ti o n s
, .

H e n e x t pr o c e e d e d t o a n e ul o g i um o n m y blu e c o a t o f w hi c h th e ,

y ell o w bu tto n s s e em e d parti cularly to ca tch h i s fa n cy ; an d h e

c on clud ed by e ntr e a ti ng m e to pre s e nt hi m w i th i t as s urin g m e , ,
88 I N H O S PI A L I T TY To S TRA N G ER S , E TC.

fo r my c o n so la ti o n u n d e r th e l o s s o f i t th a t h e w o uld w e ar it o n ,

all publ i c o cca s i o n s an d i n fo rm e v e ry o n e w ho s aw i t o f my g r e a t

,

l i b e ral i ty t o ward h i m Th e r e qu e s t o f a n A fri ca n pri n c e i n hi s

.
,

o w n d o m i n i o n s , par ti cularly w h e n mad e t o a s tra n g e r c o m es ,

l ittl e s h o r t o f a c o mma n d It i s o n ly a wa y o f o b tai ni n g b y g en tl e

.

m e an s w h a t h e c an if h e pl e a s e s o b tai n by fo rc e ; an d as i t w as
, , ,

aga i ns t my i nte r es t to o ff en d h i m by a r e fus al I v e ry qu i etly to o k ,

o ff my c o a t t h e o n ly g o o d o n e i n my p os s es s i o n a n d la i d i t at hi s
, ,

fe et .
”
Ma ngo Par k s Tr a vels i n Af r i ca p age 4 4 ’
, .

A r dre w hi s k ni fe an d s ei z i n g up on a m etal bu tto n

n o th e , ,

w hi ch r e mai n e d up o n my wa i stc o at c ut i t o ff a n d p u t i t i n hi s ,

p o ck et T h ei r i ntenti o ns w e r e n o w o bv i o u s a n d I th o u gh t th at
.
,

th e e a s i e r th e y w e r e p erm i tte d to r o b m e o f e v e ry thi n g th e l e s s I ,

h a d to fe ar I th er e fo r e all o w e d th e m t o s e arc h m y p o ck ets

.
, ,

w i th o u t r e si s ta n c e an d e xam in e e v e ry part o f my appar el w hi ch

, ,

th e y di d w ith t h e m o s t s crupul o u s e xac tn e s s But o b s e rv i n g th a t .

I h ad o n e w ai s tc o a t u n d er a n o th e r th e y i n s i s te d th at I s ho uld ca s t ,

th e m b o th o ff a n d at la s t to mak e s ur e w o rk th ey s tri pp e d m e , ,

qu i te n ak e d Ev e n my h al f b o o ts (th o u g h th e s o l e o f o n e o f th em
.

w a s ti e d o n to my fo o t w i th a br o k e n bri dl e r e i n ) w e r e m i n u te ly -

i n s p e c te d W h il e th ey w e r e e xam ini n g th e plu n d e r I b e gg e d

.
,

th e m w i th gr e a t e ar n e s tn es s t o r e tur n my p o ck e t c o mpa s s ; b u t
, ,
-

w h en I p o i n te d i t o u t to th e m as i t w as ly i n g o n th e gr o u n d o n e , ,

o f th e m th i nk i n g I w a s ab o u t t o t ak e i t up c o ck e d hi s mu s k e t
, , ,

a n d s w o r e th a t h e w o uld la y m e d e ad o n th e s p o t i f I pr e s um e d t o

p u t a h a n d up o n i t A fte r th i s s o m e o f th e m w e n t away w i th my
.
,

h o r s e an d th e r e ma i n d e r s to o d c o n s i d e r i n g w h eth e r th e y s h o uld
,

l e av e m e qu i te n ak e d o r all o w m e s o m e th i n g to s h el ter m e fr o m
,

th e s u n T h e y r etu rn e d m e th e w o rs t o f th e tw o s hi r ts a n d a
.

pa ir o f tro u s e r s ; a n d as th ey w e n t a w ay o n e o f th e m th re w back
, ,

my h at i n th e cro w n o f w hi ch I k ep t my m e m o ra n d u ms ; an d
,

thi s w as p r o b ably th e r e a s o n h e d i d n o t w i s h t o k e e p i t A fte r .

th e y w e r e g o n e I s at fo r s o m e ti m e l o o k i n g ar o u n d m e w i th
,

amaz e m e nt an d te rro r W hi ch e v e r way I turn e d n o thi n g ap . ,

p e a r e d b u t da n g e r a n d d ifficul ty I s a w my s e lf i n th e m i d s t of a .

va s t w i ld ern e s s i n th e d ep th o f th e rai ny s e a s o n n ak e d an d al o n e
, , ,

s urr o u n d e d by s avag e a n i mal s a n d m e n s ti ll m o r e Savag e 1 ,

.

w as five h u n dr e d m il es fro m th e n ear e st Eur o p e a n settl e m e nt .

90 WR A N G L IN G , L A WL E S S N ESS , P EN UR Y, E TC .

to fall far s h o rt o f th e A si ati c s m o d e l v i tup erati o n A fte r abu s i n g

’
.

e ac h o th e r t o th e i r full b o th par ti e s u s ually b u r s t i n to a l o ud

,

la u gh o r a burs t o f s o b s A fte r a cu ff a m a n w i l l c o v e r h i s fa c e
.
,

” —
w i th his h a n d s an d cry a s i f h i s h e ar t w o uld br e ak B ur ton s .
’

A fri ca , p age 4 9 2 .

c h ildre n h av e all th e fro wni n g an d u npr ep o s s es s i ng l o o k

Th e
o f th e i r par e n t s ; th e y r ej e c t l i ttl e c i v i l i ti e s an d s e e m t o s p e n d ,

l ife i n d ispu te s b i ti ng a n d claw i n g l i k e w i ld cats T h e r e app e ar s

,
-
.

to b e l i ttl e fam i l y a fi e c ti o n i n t h i s u n d e m o n s tra ti v e rac e

’
”
Bu r .

ton s A f r i ca p age 32 3
’
.
,

Pr o p e rty a mo ng th e m i s i n s e cur e ; a m an h as al w ay s a v es te d
r igh t i n h i s s is te r s c h i ldr e n an d w h en h e
’
, di es h i s br o th e rs an d
r ela ti o n s car e full y plu n d e r h is w i d o w a n d o rp h a n s
” —
.Bu r ton s ’

A f r i ca p age 9 7
, .

ati v e s e s c o rts gu i d es carri e rs s lav e s a n d v i llag e rs

A ll th e n , , , , , ,

a r e a s bad a s bad c a n b e ; i dl e c o wardly thi e v i s h full o f e v e ry , , ,

ki n d o f tri ck a n d d e c e p t io n Yo u r o w n hi r e d p eo pl e a r e i n s u b
.

o rd i n a te quarr e l s o m e a n d r e ady to d e s er t at a m o m e nt s n o ’
, ,

ti c e . Th e y s to p w h e n th e y pl e a s e h urry o n w h e n yo u w i s h th e m ,

t o go s l o w a n d cr e e p w h e n yo u wa n t th e m t o h a s te n al w ay s
, ,

grumbl i ng a n d g e tti n g dru nk Wh e n ev e r th e y c an — M aebr a ir s

, .
” ’

A f r i ca p age 35 2
, .

Th e Bu s h ma n , w h o h as l o st hi s Wi fe by e l o p e m en t w alk s o u t ,

w i th h is gu n a nd s h o o ts th e fi rs t m an w h o m h e m e e ts H e th e n .

pr o cla i m s th at h e h as d o n e th i s b e ca u s e a m an h as r u n a w ay w ith
h i s w i fe Th e cla n s m e n o f th e m u r d e r e d m a n ar e e n r ag e d n o t
.
,

aga i n s t th e h u s ba n d — w h o h as s i mply c o mpl i e d w i th a u s ag e o f

,

s o c i e ty — b ut b e cau s e t h e d u ty o f t h e av e n g e r i s n o w ca s t u p o n
,

th e m A s t h e gay L o th a r i o i s o u t o f th e i r r e ac h th e y k i ll a m a n
.
,

b e l o ng i n g to th e n e x t v i llag e ; h i s fr i e n d s r e tal i a te o n th e i r u n s u s
p ec ti n
g n e i g h b o r s ; a n d s o r o ll s o n t h i s ball o f d e s tr u c t i o n t i l l t h e

w h ol e c o u ntry i s o n th e al e r t Th e gate s o f all th e v i llag e s ar e .

 WRA N G L IN G , LA WL ES SN E S S , PE N UR Y, E TC . 91

cl o s e d barri cad ed an d s o m e luckl es s cla n c an ga i n n o o p p or

an d ,

tu n i ty o f wa s hi n g o u t th e i r wr o n g i n s o m e b o dy s e l s e bl o o d
’
Th e .

c h i e f o f th a t cla n th e n s umm o n s a c o u n c il an d pu ts fo r w ard hi s ,

cl ai m aga i ns t th e m an w h o h as r u n away w i th th e w i fe Th e .

h u s ba n d h as n o l o n g e r a ny th i n g to d o w i th th e matte r Th e c h i e f .

o f th e culpr i t s cla n o fi er s p e cu n i ary c o mp e n s a ti o n a n d g e n e ral

'
’
,

c o nc o rd i s r e s to r e d — Bea de s S avage A f r i ca p age 2 1 7

.
’
, .

Ev e ry th i n g th a t
c o m es i n th ei r way w h i c h th e y ca n n o t app r o ,

r i at e o n t h e s p o t t o th e i r o w n u s e i s d e s tro y e d th a t i t may n o t
p , ,

b e o f adva n tag e t o o th e r s If th ey d i s c o v e r an o s tri c h s n e s t a n d ’

.
,

c irc um sta n c e s d o n o t p erm it th e i r c o n tin u i n g o n th e s p o t till all

th e y fi n d th e r e i s c o n s um e d th ey e at a s muc h as th ey c an b u t
, ,

th e r es t o f th e e gg s ar e d e s tr o y e d D o th e y m e e t a larg e fl o ck o f
.

Spr i n gb o k s th e y w o u n d a s ma n y a s p o s s i b l e al th o ug h s i x o r
, ,

e i g h t ar e s u ffi c i e n t t o la s t th e m s e v e ral day s ; th e r es t ar e l e ft to

d i e an d r o t o n th e gr o u n d — L i cli tens tei n s A f r i ca Vol I I p age

” ’
.
, , . .
,

5 0:

Oa ttack i ng a plac e i t i s th e cu s to m o f th e c o u ntry i ns ta ntl y

n ,

t o fir e i t ; a n d a s th e y ar e all c o mp o s e d o f s traw h u ts o n ly th e ,

w h o l e i s s h o r tly d e v o ur e d by th e flam es Th e u n fo rtu n a te i nb a h .

i tan ts fly q u i ckly fro m th e d es truc ti v e e l e m e n t a n d fall i mm e ,

di ate ly i nto th e h a n d s o f th e i r n o l e s s m e rc i l e s s e n e m i e s w h o ,

s urr o u n d th e plac e ; th e m e n ar e qu i ckly ma s s acr e d a n d t h e ,

w o m en an d c hi ldr en la sh e d to g eth e r an d mad e s l av es — I) en , .

ham and Clap p er ton s A f r i ca Vol I I p age 1 20

’
, . .
, .

In th e w h o l e d istri ct o f T agan ama w h er e s o ma ny differen t ,

n a ti o n al i ti e s b o rd e r cl o s e t o g e th e r th e gr e a tes t i n s e curi ty r ei g n s
, ,

a n d th e i nh ab ita n ts o f o n e t o w n ca nn o t s afe ly tru s t th e m s e lv e s t o

th o s e o f a n ei g h b o ri n g plac e wi th o u t fe ar o f b e i n g s o ld as s lav e s ,

o r a t l e a s t o f b e i n g d es p o i l e d o f th e li ttl e th eyh av e — B ar th s .
’

A f r i ca Vo l I p age 5 4 8
, . .
, .

Wi th th e acqu i si ti o n o f th e i r l ib er ty th e p e o pl e o f Pu n d i s o on

l o st th e l i ttl e s ens e o f right an d wro ng w h i ch th ey o nc e h ad ; an d ,

92 WR A N G L IN G ’
, LA WL E S SN E S S , PE N UR Y, E TC .

h av i n g l e ad er fo r w h o m th ey car e d an d n o law w hi ch th ey
no ,

o b e y e d th e y th r e w o ff all ma nn e r o f r e s tra i nt an d fromr o bb i n g

, , ,

e ach o the r th e y t urn e d to plu n d e r i n g th e p r o p e rty o f th e i r n e i gh

,

b o rs an d waylayi n g e v e ry u n pro te c te d s tra n g e r o r trav e ll e r th a t

,

h ad o cca s i o n t o pa s s th ro ug h th e i r c o u n try Th e s am e u nruly .

,

o u trag eo u s an d turbul e n t s p i ri t an d d e s p e ra te c o n d u c t pr e va i l
, ,

am o n g th e n ati v es o f Pu n d i to th e pr e s en t ti m e an d s i mi lar ac ts ,

o f rapac i ty an d v i o l e n c e a r e c o n s umma te d by th e m e v e ry day s o ,

th a t th e i r c o u ntry i s dr e ad e d an d s h u nn e d by e v e r y o n e acquai nte d

w i th th e i r ch arac te r an d h ab its — L ander s Tr avels i n A f r i ca Vol .
’
, .

I .
, p age 335 .

L ik e th e ati ve s o f Yarr i b a th e i nh ab i ta nts o f L ayab a app e ar

n ,

t o b e s to w s carc ely a m o m en t s r e fl e c ti o n e i th e r o n publ i c m i s e ry

’

o r i n di vi dual d i s tr es s — up o n th e i r o w n m i s fo r tu n e s o r t h e calam
,

i ti e s o f th e i r n ei g h b o r s N a tur e h as m o uld e d th e i r m i n d s to e nj o y
.

th e l i fe t he y l e ad ; th ei r gri e f i f th e y gri e v e a t all i s b u t f o r a , ,

m o m e n t ; s o rro w c o m e s o v e r th e m an d va ni sh e s l i k e th e l ig h t
n i n g s fla sh ; th e y w e e p a n d i n th e s am e br e a th th e i r s p i ri ts r e
’
, , ,

gai n th ei r e la s ti ci ty an d c h e erful n e s s ; th e y may w e ll b e s ai d to

dri n k o f th e wate rs o f L eth e w h e n e v e r th ey pl e a s e A s l o n g a s .

th e y h av e fo o d to e at a n d h e al th to e nj o y th e i r fr i v o l o u s pa s ti m e s
, ,

th e y s ee m c o ntente d h app y an d full o f l i fe ,

Th ey thi nk o f l ittl e
, .

el s e .

T hou g h t w o ul d d estr o y th eir p a adis e r .

’

L ander s
’
Tr a vels i n A f r i ca , Vo l II . .
, p age 4 0 .

Th er e ar e i n s ta n c e s o f par e nts th r o w in g th ei r ten d e r offs pri n g

to th e h u n g r y l i o n w h o s ta n d s r o ari n g b e fo r e th ei r cav e rn r e fu s
, ,

i n g to d e part ti ll s o m e p e ac e o ff e ri n g b e mad e to hi m In g e n e ral

-
.

th e i r c h i ldr e n c e a s e to b e th e o bj e c ts o f a m o th er s car e a s s o o n as
’

th e y ar e abl e t o c rawl ab o u t i n th e fi eld

” —
Ki cher er qu oted i n .
,

Mofi at s Af r i ca p age 4 9
’

, .

O n o ur r eturn w e saw a ch ild , a b o u t e i ght y ears ol d, s tan di ng

 WRA N G L IN G
’
, LA WL E S S N ESS , PE N UR Y, E TC . 93

i n th e m i ddl e o f th e s treet w e ep i ng an d b ei n g alm o st a sk el e ton , , ,

i t a ttrac t e d o ur a tten ti o n W e i n qui re d r e sp e ctin g i ts d i s e a s e ;

.

w h e n th e w o m e n to ld u s th e ch i ld w as w e ll e n o u gh a n d th at
, ,

wa nt o f fo o d h a d bro ugh t i t i nto th at s tate t h a t th e fa th e r a n d ,

m o th e r w e r e p o o r th a t h e h a d g o n e away w i th a n o th e r w o ma n
, ,

a n d w a s h u nti n g i n th e s o u th ; th a t th e m o th e r w as g o n e t o th e

w e s twar d s e ar c h i n g fo r fo o d N ei th e r th e m en w o m e n n o r
, .
, ,

ch i ldre n pr es e nt s e e m e d by th ei r c o u n te n a n c es t o e xpre s s th e
l e a s t s ympath y o r fe e l i ng for thi s fo r s ak e n s tar vi n g ch i ld T h e y , .

s a i d la u g hi n g th a t w e m i g h t t ak e th e c h i ld w i th u s i f w e pl e a s e d
, , .

I am c erta i n th a t th e s ig ht o f th i s l i ttl e g i rl i n th e s tr ee ts o f L o n
do n w o uld h av e e xc ite d p i ty i n th e h e ar ts o f th o u s a n d s W e to o k .

th e c h i ld to o u r wag o n s d es i ri n g th e p e o pl e to i n fo rm i ts m o th e r
, ,

w h en s h e r e turn e d w h e r e s h e m igh t fin d h er W h e n s o m e m e at
, .

w a s g i v e n t o th e c h ild s h e d e v o ur e d i t w i th th e ve r ac i ty o f a ti g e r
,
”
.

Ca mp bell s A f r i ca p age 2 66
’
.
,

I th an k e d G o d th a t I w as n o t a n ati v e A fri ca n T h es e p o o r .

p e o pl e l e ad dr e adful an d dre ary li v e s N o t o nly h av e th e y to fe ar .

th e i r e n e m i e s am o n g n e ig h b o ri n g tri b e s a s w e ll a s t h e var i o u s ,

acc i d e n ts to w h i ch a s avag e l i fe i s e sp e ci ally l i abl e s uch a s s tar va ,

ti o n th e a ttack s o f w i ld b e a s ts e tc b u t th e i r w h o l e l i v es ar e s a d
, , .
,

d e n e d a n d e mb i tte r e d by th e fe ar s o f e v i l s p i ri ts w i tc h craft a n d , ,

o th e r k i n dr e d s u p e r s ti ti o n s u n d e r w h i c h th e y lab o r — D a Cha i l .
”

lu
’
s E quator i al A f r i ca , p age 1 02 .

Th e ch i ef s d augh te r w as th e b e s t l o o k i ng g irl th a t I h av e
’
-

s ee n am o n g th e black s ; s h e w a s ab o u t s i x tee n H er cl o thi n g .

c o n s is te d o f a p i e c e o f dre ss e d h i d e ab o u t a fo o t w i d e s lu n g , ,

acr o s s h er s h o uld e rs all o th e r parts b ei n g e xp o s e d A ll th e g i r l s

,

o f thi s c o u n try w e ar m e r e ly a c i rcl e t o f l i ttl e i r o n i n gl i n g o r n a

j
m en ts ar o u n d th ei r wai s ts Th e y cam e i n n umb er s bri n g in g s mall
.
,

bu n dl es o f w o o d to e xch a ng e for a fe w h a n dful s o f c o rn Mo st .

o f th e m e n ar e t all b u t wr etc h e dly thi n th e c hi ldr e n ar e m e r e

, ;
s k e l e to n s , a n d th e e n ti r e tri b e app e ar s th o r o ug h ly s tarv e d
”
.

Baker s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le p age 4 8

’
.
,
94 TH E F T A S A FIN E A R T A MO N G TH E A F RI CA N S .

Th e p eo pl e o f th e Kytch tri b e ar e m er e ap es tru sti n g e ntirel y ,

t o th e pr o duc ti o n s o f n a tur e fo r th ei r s ub s i ste n c e ; th e y w i ll s p e n d

h o ur s i n d i gg i n g o u t fi el d m i c e fr o m th e i r b u rr o w s a s w e s h o uld
-
,

fo r rabb i ts . Th ey ar e th e m o s t p i ti abl e s et o f s avag e s th at c an b e

i mag i n e d ; s o e maci a te d th at t h e y h av e n o v i s i b l e p o s te ri o r s ;
,

th e y l o o k as th o ug h th e y h a d b e e n pla n e d o ff an d th e i r l o n g th i n , ,

l e g s a n d arm s g i v e th e m a p e cul i ar g na t l i k e app e ara n c e A t -

.

n i g h t t h e y c ro uc h cl o s e to th e fi r e s ly i n g i n th e s m o k e t o e s cap e
,

th e cl o ud s o f m o s qu i to es A t thi s s e a s o n th e c o u ntry i s a va s t
.

s w amp , th e o n ly dry s p o ts b e i n g th e w hi te a n t h i ll s ; i n s uc h -

pl ac e s th e n a ti v e s h e rd l ik e w i ld a ni mal s s i mply rubb i n g th e m ,

s e lv e s wi th w o o d a s h e s t o k e e p o u t th e c o l d S o m i s e ra
.

b l e ar e th e n a ti v e s o f th i s tri b e t h a t th e y d e v o ur b o th s k i n s a n d
,

b o n es o f all d e ad a ni mal s ; th e b o n e s ar e p o u n d e d b etw e e n s to n es ,

a n d w h e n r e duc e d t o p o wd e r th ey ar e b o i l e d t o a k i n d o f p o rri d ge ;

n o thi ng i s l e ft e v e n for a fl y t o fe e d up o n w h e n a n a ni mal e i th e r

,

d i es a n atural d eath or i s ki ll ed
,
”
Baker s G r eat Bas i n of the
.
- ’

N ile, p age 4 9 .

CHA PTER X IV .

TH EF T A s A FIN E A R T A MO N G TH E A F R ICA N S .

SH O W m e a black m an , an d I w i ll s h o w you a th i e f
.
— Hutch
i ns on s
’
Wes tern Af r i ca , Vol II , p age 280
. . .

W e fo u n d th e p eopl e thi ev es to a man .

” — Mungo Par k s 2 d ’

Jour nal , p age 2 01 .

Th em o s t prom i nent d e fe c t in th ei r ch ar ac te r w as th at i nsur

m o u ntabl e pro p e ns i ty w hi ch th e r e ad e r mu st h av e o b s e rv e d to
,
 TH E F T A S A FIN E A R T A MO N G TH E A F R I CA N S . 95

pr eva i l i n all cla s s es o f th e m , to s te al fro m m e th e pro p er ty of

w hic h I w a s p o s s e s s e d .
— Mungo Pa r k s ’
l s t J o u r n al , p age 1 9 3 .

Th e A fr i ca n s ar e all o f th e m thi e v e s T h ey h av e n o s en s e o f .

h o n o r i n th at r e s p e c t
-
I h av e n e v e r ye t h ad a n e gro s e rva n t (an d
. .

I h av e h ad a gr e at ma ny ) w h o did n o t r o b m e o f s o m e tri fli n g
arti cl e w h eth e r h e w as paga n o r Ch ri s tia n
, Th e A fri ca n s .

t el l a li e m o r e r e ad ily th a n t h e y t ell th e tru th F al s eh o o d l ik e .

,

” —
p e tty larc e n y i s n o t r e c o g ni z e d am o n g th e m a s a faul t
, B eade s .
’

S avage A f r i ca p age 4 4 7 , .

Th e lad i e s o f th e pri nc ipal p er s o n s o f th e c o u ntry v i s i te d m e ,

acc o mpan i e d by o n e o r m o r e fe mal e s lav e s T h e y e xam i n e d .

e v e rythi n g e v e n to th e p o ck e ts o f m y tr o u s e r s ; a n d m o r e i n q u i s
,

i ti ve lad i e s I ne v e r s aw i n a ny c o u ntry ; t h e y b e gg e d fo r e v e ry
th i n g a n d n e arly all a tte mp te d t o s te al s o m eth i n g ; w h en fo u n d
,

o u t t h e y o n ly laug h e d h e arti ly clapp e d th e i r h a n d s to g e th e r a n d

, , ,

e xclai m e d W hy h o w sh arp h e i s ! O n ly th i nk ! Why h e cau g h t

, , ,

— D enham s A r i ca Vo l I II
f
’
us p ga e 2 4 , . .

Th e thi e v i s hpro p en s i ti e s o f th e p e o pl e o f L o g o n ar e v e ry r e
mark abl e a n d th e firs t i nti ma tio n w h i ch I r e c e i v e d o f i t w as a n
,

o fli ci al cau ti o n g i v e n to m e t o b e war e o f th e s lav es o f m y h o u s e

”
.

Bar th s Af r i ca Vo l I I p age 4 44
’
. . .
, ,

Fr o m th e k i n g to th e s lav e th eft i s a pr e va i l i n g v i c e w i th th e,

Be ch ua n a s ; a n d fro m w h a t I h av e s ee n o f th e m I am c o nfid e n t
, ,

th a t th e w e al thi es t a n d th e m os t e xal te d am o n g s t th e m w o u ld n o t
h es i ta te to s teal th e s hi r t o ff o n e s back c o uld h e e ffe c t i t wi th o u t ’
,

b e i ng c o mpro m i s e d T h ei r p ilfe ri n g h ab i ts k n o w n o b o u n d s ; an d
.

th e y carry o n th e gam e w i th muc h d e x teri ty Wh en gro up e d .

ab o u t o ur camp fir e s I h av e kn o w n th e m to ab stract th e to o l s w i th
,

w hi ch w e h av e b e e n w o rk i n g ; n ay i n d ee d th e v e ry k n i v es an d , ,

fo rk s fro m o u r plate s O n c e th e y ac tually to o k th e m e at o u t o f

.
,

th e p o t a s i t w a s b o i l i n g o n th e fir e s ub s ti tu ti n g a s to n e
, T h ey , .

w ill plac e th e i r fe e t o v e r any s mall ar ti cl e lyi n g o n th e gro u n d ,

96 TH E F T A S A FIN E A R T A MON G TH E A F R I CA N S .

buryi n g i t i n th e s a n d wi th th ei r to es ; an d, u n abl e to carry i t

if
away at th e ti m e th e y r e turn to fe tch
,
it a t a m o r e c o n v e n i ent

p e ri o d ”
A n der s s on s A f ri ca p age 372 ’
. .
,

Po lygamy i s h e r e u nl i mite d an d d e pravi ty o f e v e ry d es c r ip

,

ti o n to a n e x tra o rd i n ary e x te n t Th e l o n g e r I r e s i d e h e r e th e
.
,

m o r e am I c onvi n c e d h o w e v e r th a t th e m ost pre d o m i n a nt p as

, ,

s i o n o f th e A f ri ca n i s th e ft Th e m o r e th e y ar e t augh t th e m o r e
.
,

” —
acc o mpl i s h e d r o g u e s th e y b ec o m e D uncan s A f r i ca Vo l L .
’
, .
,

p age 141 .

A r i nn ate qual ity th ey h av e i s to ste al a n yth i ng th ey c an

n o th e

lay th ei r h a n d s u p on e s p eci ally fro m fo r e i g n e r s an d am o n g th e m

, ,

s e lv e s ; th e n mak e b o a st th e r eo f as a n i n g e n i o u s p i e c e o f s ub tl e ty ;
,

a n d s o g e n e rally ru n s th i s v i c i o u s h um o r th r o ug h t h e w h o l e rac e

o f black s th a t gr e a t an d ri c h m e rc h a n ts d o s o m e ti m es prac ti s e
,

s mall fil ch i n g ; for b e i n g c o m e to th e trad i n g s h i p s th e y ar e n o t

at r e s t till t h e y h av e t ak e n away s o m eth i n g t h o ug h i t b e b u t ,

n a i l s o r l e ad ; w hi c h n o s o o n e r d o n e th a n w i th a s i n g u lar s l ig h t
, ,

o f h a n d th e y c o n v e y i t fr o m o n e t o a n o th e r ; b u t i f th e y c h a n c e

to b e trapp e d th e y all l e ap i n s ta n tly o v e rb o ard for fe ar o f a b e a t

,

i n g ; b u t if cau g h t an d s o u n dly ba sti n ad o e d th en a s pa s t d o ub t

, , ,

o f o th e r pu n i s h m e nt th e y n e v e r av o i d th e s h i p b u t c o m e a g a i n
, ,

th e n e x t day a s u s ual to trad e

”
O gi lbg s A f ri ca p age 4 52
.
’
, .

Th e m en aturally i n cl in e to c h e ati n g an d thie vi n g b u t n o t

n ,

s o muc h am o n g th e m s e lv e s as t o ward s tra n g e r s t o w h o m th e y ,

ar e al s o bl oo dy barbaro u s an d u nn atural O gi lby s A f r i ca

” ’
, , .
,

p age 4 86 .

Th ep e o pl e o f th e G rai n Co a st ar e v e ry env i o u s o f all s tran g ers ,

a n d s te al fro m th e m w h a te v e r th e y c a n lay th e i r h a n d s o n ; s o

th a t i t b eh o o v e s all d e al e r s t o h av e a c i rcum s p e c t e ye o v e r th e i r
g o o d s ; an d i n so m e plac es th e y mu s t b e care ful o f th e m s e lv e s
, , ,

fo r b e i n g c a nn ibal s th e y e at w h o m so e v e r th ey c an ge t i nto th e i r
, ,

p o wer ”
. O gi lbg s A f r i ca p age 4 1 5
’
, .
98 D UPL I CI T Y A N D VE N A L I T Y O F TH E N E G R O E S .

t ri b e s , an d a m ore th o r o ugh an d u nh e s i tatin g l i ar th an o n e o f

th e s e ne gro e s i s n ot to b e fo un d a nywh e r e .
”
D u Cha i llu s E gu a ’

i or i a l A fi i ca, p age

Lyi n g b ei n g m o r e fam il i ar to th ei r c o n s titu ti o n th an truth

s ay i n g th e y ar e fo r e v e r c o n c oc ti n g d o dg e s w i th th e v i e w w h i ch
, ,

th e y gl o ry i n o f s ucc e ss full y ch e atin g p e opl e ”

, Sp eke s A f r i ca .
’
,

p age 2 8 .

T h ey l ittl e e ste e m any p ro m i se s mad e to fo r ei gn e rs b ut ,

bre ak th e m i f th ey c an s e e a ny adva n tag e i n i t ; i n bri e f th ey ar e ,

a tr e ac h er o u s p e rjur e d s ub tl e an d fal s e p e o pl e o n ly s h o w i n g
, , , ,

fri e n d s hip to th ose th ey h av e m ost n e ed o f ”

O gi lby s Af r i ca .
’
,

p age 4 52 .

C H A PT ER XVI

D U PL ICITY AN D V EN A L ITY O F TH E N EG R O ES IN N EG R O L A N D .

IT m s i t w a s a cu sto m i n th i s c ou ntry (an d n ot ye t e ntir el y

see

r e p e al e d ) th a t w h a t e v e r c o mm o d i ty a m an s e ll s i n t h e m o r ni n g ,

h e may if h e r ep e nt s h i s barga i n go an d h av e th e thi n g s r e tu r n e d

, ,

t o hi m aga i n o n hi s payi n g back th e m o n e y a n y ti m e b e fo r e t h e

,

s etti n g o f t h e s u n th e s a m e day ; a n d th i s cu s to m i s s ti ll i n fo rc e

v e ry h i gh u p th e riv e r b u t h e r e b el o w i t i s at pr e s en t pr etty w e ll
,

w o rn o ut Ho w e v e r I s h all h e r e g i v e an acc o u n t h o w a g e n tl e
.
,

m an w h o h ad th e h o n o r o f b e i n g a t th e h e ad o f th e c o mpa ny s
,
’

a ffai rs h e r e w as s e rv e d at thi s v e ry to w n o f N a ckw ay N o t

,
.

ab o v e tw e lv e y e ars a go h e w e nt u p i n a s l o o p o n a trad i n g vo y
,

age t o N a ckw ay w h e r e h e go t a h u t b u i l t a n d t o o k h i s g o o d s
, ,

a sh o r e to trad e w ith It h app en e d t h at o n e m o r n i n g a m an

.

bro ugh t a c o w to s ell to h i m w hi ch h e b o u gh t fo r an i ro n barr

,
.

So o n afte r h e b o u gh t i t h e c u t th e c o w s ta il off w hi ch b ein g

’
, ,
 D UPL I CI T Y A N D VEN A L I T Y O F TH E N E G R O E S . 99

carri e d to th e e ars o f th e fe ll o w th at s o ld th e c o w h e r e s o lv e d to ,

mak e a h a n dl e o f i t i n o rd e r to e xto rt m o n e y fro m th e g o v e r n o r

, .

A c c o rd i n gly ab o u t n o o n th e s am e day h e cam e t o th e p o r t o f

, ,

N a ckw ay i n a s e e m i n g g o o d h um o r a n d a g r e a t n u m b e r o f
,
-
,

p eo pl e w i th him w i th a pla u sibl e s to ry th a t as h e w a s g o in g th e

, , ,

n e x t day to marry o n e o f h i s daug h t e r s t o a y o u n g m an fo r w h o m

h e h a d a gr e a t r e g ard an d h ad n o thi n g to mak e hi m a pr e s e n t

,

o f h e th e r e fo r e h ad th o ug h t b e tte r o f i t an d w as n o t w i ll i n g t o
, ,

s e ll hi s c o w a s h e i n te n d e d an d s o d e s i r e d h e m i gh t h av e i t r e
, ,

t ur n e d to h i m Th e g o v e rn o r n o t dr e am i n g o f th e pl o t i mm e
.
, ,

d i ate ly o rd e r e d o n e o f h i s s e rva n ts to bri n g t h e c o w a n d r e tu r n ,

i t to th e p e r s o n w h o br o ug h t i t A cc o rd i ngly t h e c o w w as p r o .
,

d u c e d at w hi ch th e fe ll o w s e e m e d s urpri s e d a n d to ld th e g ove r
, ,

n or th a t th a t w as n o t h i s c o w Th e g o v e rn o r to ld h i m i t w as. .

‘
H o w c an th a t b e ! s ay s h e ; my c o w h a d a t a i l o n w h e n I
’ ‘

bro ugh t h er to yo u th i s m o rn i n g It i s v e ry tru e qu o th th e go v .

’
,
’

c ru o r ; w h e n I b o u gh t h er s h e h ad a tai l ; b ut w h en I h a d pai d
, ,

fo r h e r I c ut th e t a i l
, Ho w s ay s th e fe ll o w durs t yo u ,
’
,
‘

h av e th e a s s ura n c e to c u t o ff m y c o w s ta i l w i th o u t my l e av e ! I ’

valu e th e c o w a n d h er ta il at th r e e h u n dre d barrs a n d th at s um ,

yo u sh all pay m e b e fo r e yo u s ti r fro m th i s plac e Th e g o v e rn o r ’

.

w a s v e ry much o u t o f h um o r an d e n d e av o r e d t o pro v e th a t afte r,

h e h a d pa i d for th e c o w s h e b el o n g e d to hi m ; b u t i t w as all to n o
purp o s e fo r e v e ry o n e pr e s ent gav e i t aga i n s t hi m (e xp e c ti n g to
,

c o m e i n fo r a s n ack o f th e m o n ey ) an d s o h e w a s o bl i g e d to go t o ,

hi s s to r e an d p ay th e fe ll o w th r e e h u n dr e d b arrs fo r o n ly d o ckin
th e c o w s ta i l Moo r e s Inl an d Par ts of Af r i ca p age 1 22
’
.
-
’
, .

“
I m o rali ty acc o rd i ng to th e m o re e x ten d e d s en s e o f th e
n ,

w o rd th e Ea s t A fri ca n i s mark e dl y d e fici e nt H e h as n o b e n ev

, .

o l e n c e b u t li ttl e v e n e ra ti o n (th e n e gr o rac e i s e v e r i rr e v e r e n t)

, ,

a n d th o ugh h i s cra n i um r i s e s hi g h i n th e r e g i o n o f firm n es s h i s

, ,

futi li ty pr e v e nts h i s b ei n g firm Th e o u tl in es o f l aw ar e fa in tl y .

trac e d up o n h i s h e ar t Th e au th o ri tati v e s tan dard o f m o ral i ty

.
,

fix e d by a r e v e la ti o n i s i n h i m r epr e s e n te d by a vag u e a n d vary

,

i n g cu s to m d e r i v e d trad iti o n ally fro m hi s a n c e s to rs ; h e fo ll o w s

,

i n th e i r track fo r o l d s ak e s s ak e Th e acc u s i n g c o n s c i e n c e i s
’
.

u nk n o w n to h im H i s o n ly fe ar afte r c o mmi tti n g a tr e ac h e r o u s

.
,

murd e r i s th a t o f b ein g h au nte d by th e a ngry g h o s t of th e d ead ;

,
1 00 VO R A CI TY A N D C L UTT O N Y O F TH E N E G R O ES .

he r o b s as o n e d o i n g a g o o d d ee d a n d h e b eg s as i f i t w ere hi s ,

call in g Hi s d e p r av i ty i s o f th e gro s s e s t ; i ntri g u e fill s up all

.

” —
th e m o m e n ts n o t d e v o te d to i nto x i ca ti o n Bur ton s A f r i ca ’
.
,

p a ge 496 .

Th e qu ee n h as s l an d e r e d an d d e fam e d th e ch arac te r o f h er
bro th e r to u s m o s t s h am e fully In m o r e c i vi l i z e d o r ra th e r m o r e
.

p o l i s h e d c o u n tri e s am o n g th e r e a s o n abl e part o f ma nk i n d a

, ,

m u tual i nte rc h a n g e o f b e n e v o l e nt i nte n ti on s pr o duc e s a r e c ip r o c

i ty o f k i n d fe e l i n g ; a n d w e w o uld h o p e th a t th e pr e s e n t o f yam s
fro m h e r bro th e r w o uld e xc i te th e qu e en s m o r e g e n e ro u s a nd ’

affe c ti o na te s e nti m e n ts fo r hi m Ye t th i s d e sp i cabl e v i c e o f

.

s la n d e r i s u n i v e r s al i n A fri ca ; t h e p e o pl e all s p e ak i ll o f e ac h

o th e r fro m th e m o n arc h to th e s l av e
”
, L ander s Tr a vels i n Af r i ca .
-
’
,

Vol I. .
, p age 34 3 .

C HA P T ER XVII .

R EVO L TIN G V O R A CITY A N D G L U TTO N Y OF TH E N EG R O ES IN

N EG R O L A N D .

HU N G E R c o mp el s th e m t ov e ry thin g e d ibl e Ix i a s
fe e d on e .
,

w ild garl i c mys em b ryan th e m u m s th e c o r e o f al o e s gu m o f

, , ,

a c a c ia s an d s e v e ral o th e r pla nts an d b erri e s s o m e o f w hi c h ar e

, ,

e x tr e m e ly u n w h o l e s o m e c o n s t itu te th e i r fru i ts o f th e field ; w hi l e

,

alm o st e v e ry k i n d o f l i vi n g cr e ature i s e a g e rly d e v o ure d ,

l iz ard s l o cu sts an d gra s s h o pp e rs n o t e xc ep te d Th e p oi s o n o u s

, , .
,

a s w e ll a s i n n o x i o u s s e rp e n ts th e y r o a s t a n d e at T h e y c u t o ff .

th e h e ad o f th e fo rm e r w h i c h th e y d i s s e c t an d car e fully e x trac t

, ,

t h e bag s o r r e s e rv o i r s o f p o i s o n w hi ch c o mmu n i ca te w i th th e
, ,

fa n g s o f th e upp e r j aw T h e y m i ngl e i t w i th th e m ilky ju i c e o f

.

th e e up h o rb i a o r w i th th at o f a p o i so n o u s bulb
,
A fte r s i mm e r i n g .

for s o m e ti m e o n a s l o w fir e i t acqu i re s th e c onsi s ten cy o f wax

, ,
1 02 D I S L IKE OF TH E IR O WN CO L O R R Y TH E N E G R O ES .

Ho s ts avag es by w h o m w e w e r e a tten d e d qu i ckly cl e ar ed

of s

away th e carca s s e s o f th e gam e w e s l e w an d th e n quarr e ll e d fo r ,

th e e n tra i l s I h O p e th e r e ad e r h as u n d e rs to o d th at th e s e barba
.

r i a n s g en e rally d e v o ur th e m e at raw al th o ugh w h en at l ei s ur e th e y ,

d o n o t o bj e c t to i ts b e i n g c o o k e d T h ey u s uall y s e i z e a p i e c e o f
.

fl e sh by th e te e th cu tti n g a lar g e m o u th ful o f i t w i th a k n i fe cl o s e

,

to th e l ip s b e fo r e ma s ti ca ti n g i t w hi c h th ey do w i th a l o ud s pu t
, ,

t er an d n o i s e Th e m e al b ei n g fi n i sh e d th e y n e v e r fa il to w i p e
.

th ei r h a n d s o n th e i r b o di es an d th en b e i n g g e n erally g o rg e d th e y
,

lay th e m se lv es do w n to r ep o s e — Harr i s s Exp edi ti on i nto S outhern

.
’

Af ri ca p age 1 50
, .

C H A PT E R XVI I I .

D I SL IKE O F TH EIR O WN CO L O R BY TH E N E G R O ES IN NEG R O L A N D .

TH E w h o l e o f th e c o l o r e d tr i b e s c o n si d e r th at b e au ty an d fai r
n e s s ar e a s s o c i a t e d a n d w o m e n l o n g fo r c h i l dr e n o f l i g ht c o l o r s o
,

much th at t h ey s o m e ti m e s c h e w th e bark o f a c e rtai n tr e e i n

, ,

h o p es o f p r o duc i n g th at e ff e c t To my eye th e dark c o l o r i s m u ch

.

m o r e agr e e abl e th a n t h e taw n y h u e o f th e h alf ca s te w hi c h th at -

,

o f th e Ma k o l o to lad i es cl o s e ly r es e mbl es Th e w o m e n g e n e rall y .

e s cap e th e fe v e r b u t th e y a r e l e s s fru i tful th a n fo rm e rly ; a n d to

,

th e i r c o mpla i n t o f b ei n g u n d e rval u e d o n acc o u n t o f th e d i s p r o p o r

ti o n o f th e s e x e s th e y n o w add th e i r r e gr e ts a t th e w a n t o f c h i l
,

d r e n o f w h o m th e y ar e all e xc e s s i v e l y fo n d — L i vi n gs ton e s
’
.
,

A f r i ca , p age 204 .

Ka tem a , rul e r
v i llag e a sk e d if I c o u l d n o t mak e
th e of th e ,

a dr e s s fo r hi m l ik e th e o n e I w o r e s o th a t h e m i gh t app e ar as a ,

w h ite m a n w h e n an y s tra n g e r v i s ite d hi m L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca

” ’
. ,

p age 5 17 .
 D I S L IKE OF TH EIR O WN CO L O R B Y TH E N E G R O E S 1 03

Th e p e o pl e u n d e r Ba n g o ar e d i v i d e d i nto a n umb e r o f cla sse s .

T h e r e a r e h i s c o u n c i ll o r s as th e h i gh e s t w h o ar e g e n e rally h e ad
, ,

m e n o f s e v e ral vi llag e s a n d th e ca r r i e r s th e l o w e st fr e e m e n
, , .

O n e c la s s ab o v e t h e la s t o b ta i n s th e pri v il e g e o f w e ari n g s h o e s
fr o m th e c h i e f by pay i n g fo r i t ; a n o th e r th e s o ld i e rs o r m i l i ti a , ,

pay fo r th e pri vi l e g e o f s e rv i n g th e adva n tag e b e i n g th a t th e y ,

a r e n o t afte r w a r d l i ab l e t o b e mad e carri e r s T hey ar e al s o .

d iv i d e d i n to g e ntl e m e n an d l i ttl e g e n tl e m en an d th o ugh qu ite , ,

black s p e ak o f th e m s e lv es as w hi te m e n a n d o f o th e rs w h o may
, ,
“
n o t w e ar s h o e s a s bla c k s Th e m en o f all th es e cla s s es tru s t
,
‘
.
’

t o t h e i r w i v e s fo r fo o d an d S p e n d m o s t o f th e i r ti m e i n dri n k i n g
,

” —
th e palm to ddy L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca p age 4 45
’
- .
.
,

Th e ne gro fe e l s th at, i n en e r gy o f c h arac te r i n s c op e o f un ,

d e r stan di n g, i n th e x e rci s e
e o f m e c h a n i cal s k i ll an d i n t h e pra e ,

ti c e of all th e u s e fu l ac ts o f l ife h e i s h o p e l essly d i stan c e d b y th e

,

w h ite m an . Wi ls on s A f r i ca
’
, p age 34 3 .

Th e w h o l e c o ur t w hi ch w as lar g e w as fill e d cr o wd ed
, , , ,

cramm e d w ith p e o p l e e xc e p t a s pac e i n fro nt w h e r e w e s at i nto

, , ,

w hi c h hi s hi g h n es s l e d Mr Ho u s to n an d my s elf o n e i n e ach h a n d ;
.
,

a n d t h e r e w e p e rfo rm e d a n A fr i c an da n c e t o t h e gr e at d e l i g h t o f
'

th e s u rro u n di n g mul ti tud e Th e tou t ens emble w o uld d o ub tl e s s

.

h av e fo rm e d a n e xc e ll e n t s ubj e c t fo r a cari caturi s t a n d w e r e ,

g r e tte d t h e ab s e n c e o f C ap t a i n Pe arc e t o s k e t c h o ff t h e o ld black ,

cab o c e e r s a i l i n g maj e sti cally ar o u n d i n hi s dama s k r o b e w i th a

, ,

t ra i n b e ar e r b e h i n d h i m a n d e v e ry n o w a n d th e n turn i n g up hi s
-
,

O l d w i th e r e d fac e
, firs t t o my s e lf th en to Mr H o u s to n ; th en
, , .

w h i sk i n g r o u n d o n o n e fo o t ; th e n march i n g s l o wly w i th s o l e mn ,

ga i t ; tw i n i n g o ur h a n d s i n h i s — pro ud th a t a w hi te m an sh o uld ,

d an c e w i th h i m ”
Clap p er i on s Af r i ca Vo l I V p age 1 9 9
.
’
, . .
, .

Zuma a ri ch w i d o w o f W ava th e o w n e r o f a th o u s an d s lav es

, , ,

to l d m e t h at h er h u s ba n d h ad b e e n d e ad th e s e te n y e ar s ; th a t s h e
h a d o n ly o n e s o n an d h e w a s dark e r th a n h ers e lf ; th a t s h e
,

l o v e d w hite m e n a n d w o u ld go t o Bo u s s a w i th m e
,
”
Clapp er ton s .
’

A f r i ca , Vol I V , p age 2 2 2
. . .
 1 O4 D ISL IKE OF TH EI R O WN CO L O R BY TH E N E G R O ES .

v i d e ntly c o n s i d e r all th e n eg ro n ati v es a s th eir

Th e Fo ul ah s e

i n fe ri o rs ; an d w h e n t alk i n g o f d iff e r e n t n ati o n s alway s ra n k

, ,

th e m s e lv e s am o n g th e w hite p eo pl e ” —
Mu ngo Pa r k s Tr a vels i n .
’

A f r i ca , p age 2 3 .

Ob s ervi n g th e i mpro v e d s tate o f o u r m anu factur e s a n d o ur ,

man i fe s t s u p e ri o ri ty i n th e a rt s o f c iv i l i z e d li fe H arfa th e i ntelli , ,

g e n t n e gr o m erch a nt w o uld s o m eti m e s app e ar p en si v e an d e x

, ,

c la i m w i th a n i n v o lu n tary s i g h F a to fing i nta f eng black ‘ ’

, , ,

m e n ar e g o o d for n o thi n g Mungo Pa r k s l s t Jou r nal p age 25 9

.
” ’
, .

Th e w o m en ar e w e ll d i s p o s e d t o ward ra n g er s o f fai r c o m
st

pl ex i o n , appar e n tly w i th th e p ermi s si on o f th ei r h u s ba n d s

”
.

Bur ton s A f r i ca p age 2 1 6

’
.
,

Th e Kaflir s b el i e v e th a t w hite m en c an do an y th i n g .
”

Baldwi n s Af r i ca , p age 2 66
’
.

Th e gr o Mo h amm e da n s w o rsh i p G o d u n d e r th e n am e o f
ne

A llah ; th e y ack n o wl e dg e M o h amm e d a s a p r o ph e t b u t d o n o t ,

pay h i m d i vi n e h o n o r s ; th ey h av e s o m e trad i ti o n s r es p e cti ng

J e s u s Ch ri s t w h o m th e y call N al e th e s o n o f M al e k an d w h o m
, , ,

th e y s p e ak o f as a gr e a t pr o p h e t w h o h a d wr o ug h t w o n dr o u s m i r ,

a cl e s Th e y d e n o u n c e a s i mp i o u s th e d o c tri n e th a t G o d c o u ld h av e
.

carn al c o nv e rs ati o n w i th a w o ma n b ut h av e a pro p h e cy o f th e i r ,

o w n ,th a t s o m e day th e y s h all b e all s ub d u e d b y a w h i te p e o

”
Bea de s S a vage A 35 4
’
Pl e . r i ca ,
P 9 a e .

Th e Eur o p e a n s tra n g er , trav e ll i n g i n th e i r

c ou ntry i s e xp e c te d ,

t o pa tr o n i z e th e i r w i v e s a n d dau g h te r s ; an d th e y fe e l h u r t a s i f ,

d i s h o n o r e d by hi s r e fu si n g t o grati fy th e m Th e c u s to m i s v e ry
,
.

pr e val ent al o n g th i s c o a s t A t G ab o o n p erh ap s i t r e ac h e s th e

.
,

acm e ; th e r e a m an w i ll i n o n e br e a th o ffe r th e c h o i c e b etw e e n hi s

w i fe s i s te r an d daug h te r
, ,
Th e w o m e n o f c o u r s e d o a s th e y a r e
.

b i d by th e m en a n d th e y c o ns i d e r all fam il i ari ty w i th a w h i te

,
 1 06 C O UR TS H IP , MA R R IA G E , A N D CO N C UBIN A GE.

th at th e femal e s up o n th e burd en o f w h o m th i s d e grad in g i n stitu

,

t i o n ma i nly r e s ts a r e q u ite a s muc h i n te r e s te d i n i ts c o n ti n ua n c e

,

as t h e m e n th e m se lv e s A w o m a n w o uld i nfi ni te ly pr e fe r t o b e
.

o n e o f a d o z e n w i v e s o f a r e s p e c tabl e m a n th a n to b e th e s o l e ,

r e pre s en tati v e o f a m an w h o h a d n ot fo rc e o f ch aracte r to ra is e

h i m s e lf ab o v e th e o n e w o m an l e v e l
-
T h at s uch a s tate o f fe el in g
.

s h o u ld e x i s t i n th e m i n d o f a h e a th e n w o ma n i s n o t s urpri s i ng .

S h e h as n e v e r s e e n any o th e r s ta te o f s o c i e ty ; n o r h a s s h e h a d
a ny m o ral o r i n te ll e c tual tra i n i n g th at w o uld r e n d e r s uc h a p o s i

ti o n r e v o l ti n g to h e r b e tte r fee l i n g s O n th e c o n trary s uc h i s th e

. ,

d e gra dati o n o f h er m o ral c h aracte r th at sh e w o uld g r e a tly pr e fe r

,

th e w i d e r marg i n o f l i c e n ti o u s i n dulg e n c e th a t s h e w o uld e nj o y a s

o n e o f a d o z e n w i v e s th a n th e cl o s e r i n s p e c ti o n t o w h i c h s h e
,

w o uld b e s ubj e c te d a s th e o nl y w i fe O f h er h o u s e h o ld Wi ls on s .
’

A f r i ca p age 1 1 2
, .

Th e w i fe i s alway s purch a s e d ; an d as th i s i s d o n e i n th e ,

g re at maj o ri ty o f ca s e s w h e n s he i s b u t a ch i ld h er w i s h e s a s a
, , ,

matte r o f c o urs e ar e n e v e r c o n s ul te d i n th i s m o s t i mp o rt a nt a fl ai r
'

o f h er w h o l e l i fe .Th e firs t o v e rtur e mu s t b e mad e to th e m o th e r .

Her c o n s e n t i s t o b e w o n by s mall pr es ents s uc h as b e ad s pla tes , ,

o f dri e d fi s h o r a fe w l e av e s o f to bacc o
, W h e n th i s i s a e c o m .

p l i s h e d th e way i s pr e par e d f o r o p e n i n g n e g o ti a ti o n s w i th t h e

fath e r an d hi s fam i ly w h o ar e th e r e al o wn e rs o f th e ch ild Th e

, .

mai n qu e sti o n to b e s ettl e d an d i n d e e d th e o n ly o n e ab o u t w hi ch

,

th er e i s muc h n e g o ti a ti o n i s w h eth e r th e appl i ca n t i s abl e to pa y

,

th e d o wry a n d w i ll b e l ik e ly t o d o s o w i th o u t g iv i n g muc h tro ubl e

, .

Th e c h aracte r o f t h e m an h i s p o s iti o n i n s o c i e ty hi s fam i ly c o nn e c

, ,

ti o n s o r c i rcum s ta n c es i n l i fe ar e s eld o m t ak e n i nt o th e acc o u n t

, , .

Th e pri c e o f a w i fe i s u s ually th r e e c o w s a g o at o r a s h e e p a n d a , ,

f ew a rt i cl e s o f cr o ck e ry war e o r bra ss r o d s t h e w h o l e o f w h i ch ,

w o uld s carc ely e xc e e d tw e n ty d o llars Th e g o a t a n d th e s mall e r .

ar ti cl e s go to th e m o th e r s family an d th e c o w s b el o n g to
’
,

th e fam ily o f th e fa th e r w h i ch pa s s o u t o f th e i r h a n d s w i th o u t
,

much d elay i n paym e nt fo r a w i fe fo r s o m e o th e r m e mb e r o f th e

fam ily Bull o ck s may b e s ee n pa s s in g fro m v i llag e to v i llag e
.
,

alm o s t e v e ry day i n fulfilm e nt o f th es e matri m oni al arra n g e

,

m ents . Wi ls on s Af r i ca p age 1 1 3
’
, .
 C O UR TS H I P , MA R R IA G E , A N D C O N C UB I N A G E . 1 07

W h e n a m a n h a s a larg e n umb e r o f w i v e s h e c a n o f c o urs e

b e s to w b ut a m o d e ra te p o rti o n o f h i s ti m e u p o n a ny o n e o f th e m .

If i t i s n e c e s s ar v fo r h i m to wa tc h h i s w i ve s th e y i n turn ar e n o t ,

l e s s j e al o u s o f a ny s u p e rabu n da n t atte n ti o n s th a t h e m i g ht c o n fe r
u p o n a n y o n e o f th e i r o w n n u m b e r Th e c h i e f bu s i n es s o f hi s
.

d o m e s ti c l i fe i s to adj u s t th e s e p etty j e al o u s i e s an d to a s ti ll , ,

gre a te r e x te n t th e q u arre l s a n d s tr i fe s w hi c h ar e h o urly s p r i n g i n g

,

u p a m o n g t h e c h i ldr e n o f th e d i ff e r e n t bra n c h e s o f th e s am e h o u s e

h o ld ”
P Vi ls on s Af r i c a p age 14 4
’
.
.
,

Th e pr es e nt K in g o f D ah o m e y h as appro pri ate d n o l e s s th an

th r e e th o u s a n d w o m e n to hi s o w n u s e Th e n umb e r b el o n g i n g to.

h i s h e ad war r i o r s d e p e n d s u p o n th e i r brav e ry b ut n o o n e i s ai ,

l o w e d to h av e a n umb e r larg e e n o ug h to s ugg es t m o s t r e m o te ly

a n y i d e a o f r i valry w i th th e k i n g It i s w e ll k n o w n th at ma n y o f
.

th e w i v e s o f th e k i n g mu s t b e s acri fic e d at th e d e a th o f th e i r l o rd ,

a n d thi s n o d o ub t i s a p o w e rful m o ti v e to i n d u c e t h e m to t ak e
, ,

th e b e s t car e o f h i m a n d pr o l o n g h i s l i fe a s muc h as p o s s i b l e b u t
, ,

n e v e r d e te r s a n y fro m fr e e ly e n te r i n g i nto thi s h o n o r e d r e la ti o n

s h ip. Wi ls on s A f r i ca p age 202

’
, .

Th e A sh a n tee w i fe i s n o t plac e d o n a fo o tin g o f s o c i al e qu al

i ty w i th h e r h u s ba n d H er p o s i ti o n i s a m e ni al o n e a n d s h e s el
.
,

d o m a sp i r e s to a ny thi n g h i gh e r th a n m e r e ly to grati fy th e pa ss i o n s
o f h e r h u s ba n d Sh e n e v e r t ak es a s e a t at th e s o c i al b o ard w i th
.

him . I n d e e d i t w o uld b e r e g ard e d a s a d e grada ti o n o n th e part

o f t h e h u s ba n d Th e d iff e r e n t w o m e n o f hi s h o u s e h o ld at a g i v e n
.
,

c o n c e rt am o n g th e m s e lv e s brin g e ach thei r qu o ta o f fo o d an d s et

, ,

i t b e fo r e th e i r l o rd e ac h o n e t ak i n g up a s mall p o r ti o n o f th e i r
,

r e sp e c ti v e d i sh e s a n d e a ti n g i t i n h i s pre s en c e a s e v i d e n c e th at ,

t h e y h av e n o t u s e d p o i s o n i n th e pr e para ti o n o f hi s fo o d th e n ,

r e ti re to th e i r r e sp e c ti v e h o u s e s w h il e h e par tak e s o f h i s r epa st

,

al o n e H i s s mall e r c hi ld re n an d g en e rally th o s e o f th e w i v es w h o
.
,

h a v e p r o v i d e d h i s fo o d ga th e r ar o u n d hi m w i th th e i r l i ttl e w o o d e n
,

b o wl s to r e c ei v e a t hi s h a n d s a p o r ti o n o f th e s u p e rabu n da n t s up
ply th a t h as b e e n s e t b efo r e hi m ”
Wi ls on s Af r i ca p age 1 8 2
.
’
, .
1 08 CO UR TS H IP , M A RRI A G E, A N D C O N C U IN A G E B .

Po lygamy i s a fav o ri te i n sti tu ti o n w i th th e A sh a ntee s a n d , ,

l ik e e v e ry thi n g o f th e k i nd i t i s carri e d to a n e x travaga nt l e n g th

, .

A ma n s i mp o r ta n c e i n s o c i e ty i s ra te d acc o rd i n g to th e n umb e r o f
’

h i s w i v e s a n d s lav e s ; a n d n aturally e n o u gh th e o n ly l i m i t k n o w n
, ,

t o th e m u l ti pl i ca ti o n o f t h e m i n a c o u n try w h e r e b o th c a n b e h a d
fo r m o n e y i s a ma n s ab i l i ty to purc h a s e In A s h a n te e t h e la w
’
.
,

l i m i ts th e k i n g to th r e e th o u s a n d th r e e h u n dre d a n d thi rty th r e e -

.

W h e th e r i t r e qu i re s h i m to c o m e u p to th i s mark i s n o t k n o w n .

N o o n e i s p e rm i tte d to s ee th e w i v e s o f th e k i n g e x c e p t fe m al e
r e lati v e s o r s u ch m e s s e n ge rs a s h e may s e n d a n d e v e n th e s e
, ,

m u s t c o mmu n i ca te w i th th e m th r o ugh t h e i r bamb o o w all s S o m e .

t i m e s t h e y go fo rth i n a b o dy th r o u g h th e s tr e e ts b u t a r e al w ay s ,

p r e c e d e d by a c o mpa n y o f b o y s w h o war n th e p e o pl e to ge t o u t
,

o f th e way a n d av o i d th e u n pard o n abl e o ff e n c e o f s e e i n g th e

,

k i n g s wi v e s Th e m e n e s p e c i ally n o matte r w h a t th e i r ra nk
’
.
, ,

m u s t get o u t o f th e way a n d i f th ey h av e n o t h a d s ufli c i e n t ti m e

, ,

t o d o thi s th e y m u s t fall fl at o n th e g r o u n d a n d h i d e th e i r fa c es
,

u nti l th e pr o c e s s i o n h a s pa s s e d To s e e o n e o f th e k i n g s w i v e s ’
.
,

e v e n a c c i d e ntally i s a cap i tal o ffe n c e ; a n d th e s c e n e o f c o n fu s i o n

,

w h i ch o cca s i o n ally tak e s pl ac e i n t h e p u bl i c ma rk e t i n c o n s e ,

u e n c e o f th e u n e xp e c te d appr o a c h o f t h e r o yal c o r te g e i s s a i d t o
q ,

b e l ud i cr o u s b ey o n d all d e s cr ip ti o n Wi ls on s A f r i ca p age 1 8 0
.
’
, .

M arri e d w o m e n x tre m el y s up e r s ti ti ou s i n h av i n g th ei r
ar e e

b e d s c o v e r e d w i th th e s k i n s o f pa r ti cular a n i mal s w h e n th e i r h u s
ba n d s v i s i t th e m ; a n d n e v e r fa il to pr e d i c t th e fate an d fo rtu n e o f
a c hild i n c o n s e qu e n c e o f th e s e arra n g e m e n ts A pa n th er o r a .

l e o pard s s k i n i s s u r e to pro d u c e a b o y o r n o th i n g S h o uld th e

’
.
,

fa th e r b e a s o ld i e r an d a c h i e f th e b oy w i ll b e a w arri o r b o ld
, , , ,

a n d bl o o dy A l io n s s k i n i s s a i d to p r e v e n t c h i ld b e a r i n g al
’ -
.

t o g e th e r ; ye t e xc e p ti o n s t o thi s rul e s o m e ti m e s o c c ur It i s th e n .

alway s a b oy an d a w o n d e rful o n e H e p u ts hi s fo o t o n th e n e ck s
, .

o f all th e w o rld a n d i s al i k e brav e g e n e r o u s a n d fo r tu n a te

”
.
, , ,

D en ham a nd Clap p er i on s A f r i ca f VO l I II p age 1 8 2

’
. . .
,

Ya n o Chi e f o f
, K i ama a sk e d, m e if I w o uld tak e h i s daugh te r
fo ra w i fe I s ai d Yes
. Th e old w o ma n w en t o u t a n d ,

I foll o we d w i th th e k ing s ’
h e ad m an . I w e n t to th e h o u s e of th e
110 CO U R TS H I P, MA RRIA G E, A N D CO N C UB IN A G E.

l o n g a ti m e h as g i v en h er c o n s i d erabl e u n e a s i n ess s o th at l i fe i t ,

s e lf h a s b e c o m e a burd e n t o h er A l l th a t w e c o uld do fo r h er .

w a s to s o o th e h e r m i n d by t e ll in g h er th at h er d i s te mp e r w a s
,

v e ry c o mm o n a n d n o t a t all da n g e ro u s ; an d pr o m i s i n g th at o n
,

o u r r e tu r n th i s way s h o uld n o th i n g tra n s p i r e i n h e r fav o r i n th e

,

m e a n tim e w e w o u ld e n d e av o r to r e m o v e th e ca u s e o f h er c o m
,

plai nt T hi s c o mfo rte d th e ag e d matr o n e xc e e d in gly an d i n th e

.
, ,

ful n e s s o f h er h e ar t s h e bu r s t i n to te ars o f j o y dro pp e d o n h er

, ,

k n e e s to e xpr e s s h er ack n o wl e dgm e nt a n d pr es s e d u s to acc e p t ,

o f a c o upl e o f o r a n u ts — L a n der s Tr a vels i n A r i ca Vol I ”

f
’
go -
. . .
, ,

p age 1 93 .

Th e ch i e f r e cr e atio n s o f th e n ati v e s o f A n g o l a ar e marri ag e s

an d fu n e ral s W h e n a y o u n g w o ma n i s ab o u t to b e marri e d s h e
.

i s plac e d i n a h u t al o n e an d a n o i nte d w i th vari o u s u n gu en ts an d

, ,

ma n y i n ca ntati o n s ar e e mpl o y e d i n o rd e r to s e cur e g o o d fo rtu n e

a n d fru i tfu l n e s s H e r e as alm o s t e v e ryw h e r e i n th e s o u th th e
.
, ,

h e i gh t o f g o o d fo r tu n e i s to b e ar s o n s T h e y o fte n l e av e a h u s .

ba n d al to g e th e r if th e y h av e daug h ter s o n ly In th e i r da n c e s .
,

w h e r e an y o n e may w i s h to d e ri d e a n o th e r i n th e acc o mpa n y i n g ,

s o n g a l in e i s i ntr o duc e d S o a n d s o h a s n o c hi ldr e n a n d n e v

, ,

e r w i ll ge t an y Sh e fe e l s th e i n s ul t s o k e e n ly th a t i t i s n o t u h
’
.

” —
c o mm o n fo r h er to ru sh away a n d c o mm it s u i c i d e L i vi ng .

s ton e s A f r i ca p age 4 4 6
’

, .

Fe mal e v i rtu e i s h e ld i n so l i ttl e e stee m th at o p p or tu

n i ti es o f i n fid e l i ty ar e o fte n a ff o rd e d by h u s b a n d s to s o m e o f h i s

l es s fav o ri te w i v e s fo r th e pu r p o s e o f e x to r ti n g m o n e y an d ge t
,

ti n g r i d o f h er Th e c o mm o n pri c e o f a w i fe h e r e a n d a t C ap e
.

C o a st i s s i x te e n d o llar s A w i fe i s v e ry s e ld o m p u r c h a s e d w h e n
.

m o r e th a n tw e nty y e ar s o l d ; b u t g e n e rally w h e n fi ve o r s i x y e ar s
y o u n g e r s o th a t v e ry o ld m e n h av e fre qu e n tly t en o r a d o z e n
,

w i v e s muc h y o u n g e r th an th e i r o wn daug h te rs D u n ca n s A f .
’

r i ca , Vo l I. .
, p age 79 .

“
I n Maop o n go i t w as a pr e va il i n g pr ac ti c e th at b efo r e mar
r i age th e two p arti e s sh o ul d li v e to g eth er for s o m e ti m e a nd ,
 CO UR TS H IP, MA RR IA G E, A N D CO N C UB IN A G E. 111

mak e tri al o f e ach o th e r s te mp e rs an d i n cl i n ati o n s b e fo re th e y

’
,

fo rm e d th e fi n al e n gag e m en t To th i s s y s te m o f pro bati o n th e .

p eo pl e w e re m o s t o b s ti n ately a tta c h e d an d th e m i s s i o n ar i e s i n ,

va i n d e n o u n c e d i t call i n g up o n th e m at o n c e e i th e r to marr y o r to
,

s e para te Th e y o u n g lad i e s w e r e al w ay s th e m o s t a n x i o u s t o
.

h av e th e full b e n e fi t o f thi s e xp e r im e n tal pr o c e s s a n d th e m o th ,

e r s o n b e i n g r e fe rr e d to r e fu s e d t o i n cur r e s p o n s ib i l i ty an d e x
, , ,

p o s e th e m s e lve s to th e r epro ach e s o f th ei r d au gh te r s by urg i n g ,

t h e m to an abri dgm e n t o f th e tri al o f w hi c h th e y m i g h t afte r ,

ward r ep e n t Th e m is s i o n ari e s s e e m to h av e b e e n m o s t d il i g e n t
.

i n th e ta s k a s th e y call i t o f r e d u c i n g s tray e d s o ul s to ma tri

, ,

m o ny .Fa th e r Be n e d i c t s ucc e e d e d w i th n o l e s s th a n s i x h u n d r e d
’
,

b ut h e fo u n d i t s uc h lab o ri o u s w o rk th a t h e fell s i ck a n d di e d i n
‘

c o n s e qu e n c e ” —
Murr ay s Af r i can D i s cover i es p age 5 5
.
’
, .

Th e Bu s h m en fo rm i n th ei r marr i a g es A y o u n g m an
u se n o .

c o urts th e o bj e c t o f h i s a ffe c ti o n ; te az e s h er i n th e n i g ht ti m e to
t ak e h i m to b e h e r h u s ba n d an d w i ll s o m e ti m e s pull h er o u t o f
,

th e b u t w h i l e a s l e e p a n d t e az e h e r ti ll h e o b ta i n s h e r c o n s e n t
, .

H e n e e d n o t a sk th e c o n s e n t o f h er par e n ts o r e v e n t e ll th e m , ,

b u t at marri a g e h e mak es a fe a s t fo r th e m w h e n h e g i v e s t h e m a ,

"
pr e s e n t o f a b o w an d arro w s o r a s k i n s ack Camp bell s A f r i ca
, .
’
,

p age 4 39 .

A s th e Bo sj es m an l i ves w i th o u t wi th o u t pr op er ty a h ome , an d ,

h e mu s t b e w i th o u t th e gr e a t m e d i u m o f m o ral r efi n e m e n t th e ,

s o c i al u n i o n A h o rd e c o mm o n ly c o n s i s ts o f th e d i ff e r e n t m e m
.

b er s o f o n e fam i ly o n ly a n d n o o n e h as any p o we r o r d i s ti n c ti o n
,

ab o v e th e r es t Ev e ry diff e r e n c e i s d e ci d e d by th e r i g ht o f th e
.

s tr o n g es t ; e v e n th e fam i ly ti e i s n o t s a n c ti o n e d by a ny l a w o r

r e gulati o n Th e w i fe i s no t i n d is s o lubly u ni te d to h er h u s ba n d ;
.

b u t w h e n h e gi v e s h er p e rm i s s i o n s h e may go w h i th e r s h e w i ll
, , ,

an d a s s o c i a te w i th an
y o th e r m an ; n a y th e s t r o n g e r m a n w i ll ,

s o m e ti m e s t ak e away th e w i fe o f th e w e ak e r an d c o mp e l h er , ,

” —
w h eth e r s h e w ill o r n ot to fo ll o w him L i chtens tei n s A f r i ca
, .
’
,

Vol II
. .
, a
p ge 48 .
1 12 CO UR TS H IP, MA RR IA G E , A ND CO N C UBIN A GE .

I h av e o n a fo rm er o cca si o n i n my r e m ark s up on th e l an
, ,

g ua g e s o f th e s e s avag e s o b s e rv e d a s a thi n g w o rth y o f n oti c e

, , ,

th a t th e y s e e m t o h av e n o i d e a o f th e d i s ti n c ti o n o f g i rl mai d e n , ,

a n d w i fe ; t h e y ar e all e xpr e s s e d by o n e w o rd al o n e I l e av e .

e v e ry r e ad e r to d r a w fr o m th i s s i n gl e c i rcum s ta n c e h i s o w n i n fe r

e n c e w i th r e gard to th e n a tu r e o f l o v e a n d e v e ry k i n d o f m o r a l ,

” —
feeli ng am o ng th e m L i chtens tei n s Af r i ca Vo l II p age 4 8
.
’
, . .

W h en th e Muata Caz e mb e fall s i n l o v e w i th a fe mal e e i th er ,

fro m p e r s o n al o b s erva tio n o r fro m a r e p o rt o f h er a ttrac ti o n s h e ,

cau s es h er to b e c o n v ey e d to h i s gauda w h e r e s h e i s c o mp e ll e d ,

t o d i s c o v e r all th e o bj e c ts o f h e r fo rm e r am o ur s w h o by o rd e r , ,

o f th e Mua ta ar e i mm e d i a t e ly p u t t o d e a th an d all th e i r pr o p e r ty
, ,

c o nfi s ca te d W h e n all o bj e cts o f j e al o u s y ar e th u s r e m o v e d b y
.

th e C a ta D o fo o r h ig h c o mm i s s i o n e r o f th e s e ragl i o w h o i s th e
-
, ,

ch i ef ag e nt i n carry i n g o u t th e o rd e rs o f th e M ua ta th e n e w O h ,

j e c t o f h i s pa s s i o n i s s e n t t o j o i n t h e o th e r lad i e s o f t h e s e ragl i o .

Th e i ntr o d u c ti o n o f a n e w w i fe i n to th e h ar e m i s th u s al w ay s th e
s i g n al fo r a n umb e r o f d e a th s ; a n d i n d e e d to s o gr e a t a n e xc e s s
, ,

i s th i s carri e d th a t th e o cca s i o n i s o fte n la i d h o ld o f as a pr e te x t

,

fo r th e j e al o u s t o w r e ak th e i r v e n g e a n c e o n th e u n s u s p e c ti n g vi c
ti m s o f th ei r h a tr e d Va ldez s Af r i ca Vol II p age 2 5 3
” ’
. . .
,

Th e palav er s w er e n um er o u s an d d ifficul t to s ettl e T h ey .

r el ate d e ith e r to ru n away w i v e s (a fe rtil e s o urc e o f ill w i ll an d -

bl o o d sh e d ) o r to h o m i ci d es W h en a m an i s k i ll e d h e re if o n l y
-
.
,

by acc i d en t s ati sfactio n mu s t b e g i v e n D e a th s by acci d e n t a r e

, .

n o t m o r e e xcu s abl e th a n w i lful murd e r A s r e gard s r u n

.

away w i v e s th e law s a r e v e ry s e v e r e A ny w i fe r efu si n g to

, .

r e mai n w i th h er h u sba n d o r ru n n i n g away i s c o n d e m ne d to h av e

, ,

h e r e ar s an d n o s e c u t o ff A ny m a n d e bauc hi n g h i s n e i g h b o r s
’
.

w i fe h a s to g iv e a s lav e to th e i nj ur e d h u sban d an d i f h e ca nn o t , ,

pay th i s fi ne h e mu s t h av e hi s e ars an d n o s e c ut o ff T h e y h av e
,
.

n o law s t o pu ni s h r o bb e ry D a Chai llu s A shango L an d p age

’
- -
.
,

74 .

A m an pays g o ods or l v
s a es for h i s w ife , an d r eg ards h er ,
 1 14 C O UR TS H IP , MA RRI A G E , A N D CO N C U IN A G E B .

ch ild . ri o u s an i n s ul t to r e fus e a w i fe th a t h i gh b o rn
It i s so s e , ,
-

n a ti v e si n o r d e r to av o i d q u a r r e l s o r war acc e p t th e t e n d e r b o o n
, , ,

a n d a s s o o n a s e ti qu e tt e p e rm i ts pa s s i t o v e r t o a fr i e n d o r r e la
,

t io n . A s th e o ffe r w as mad e t o m e p e r s o n ally by th e k i n g I fo u n d ,

t h e u tm o s t d ifli c u l ty i n e s cap i n g I n d e e d h e w o uld r e c e i ve n o

.
,

e xcu s e W h e n I d e c l i n e d o n a c c o u n t o f t he dam s e l s y outh h e

.
’
,

la u g h e d i n cr e d u l o u s ly If I u r g e d th e fe e bl e n e s s o f my h e al th
.

a n d tard y c o n val e s c e n c e h e i n s i s t e d t h a t a r e g ular l i fe o f ma tr i

,

m o n y w as th e b e s t c o rd i al fo r a n i mpa i r e d c o n s ti tu ti o n Ca not s .
” ’

Twenty Yea r s of a n Af r i can S la ver p age 1 1 0 , .

D urin g th e w h o l e ti m e th at th e ol d lady w as at w o rk sh e w as
u tte ri n g d isj o i n te d r e mark s to m e a n d at l e n g th pro p o s e d i n th e
, ,

m o s t s h a m el e ss a n d bar e fac e d man n e r tha t I s h o uld marry h er ,

d aug hte r I r e q u e s te d to k n o w w hi c h o f th e dam s el s th e n pr e s

.

e n t w a s th e pr o p o s e d br i d e an d w a s s h o w n a y o u n g lady ab o u t
,

t w e lv e y e ar s o l d w h o h a d v e ry muc h th e app e ara n c e o f a p i ck e d

,

C o c h i n Chi n a fo w l
-
I c o n c e al e d my la u g h ter a n d to ld th e o l d
.
,

lady th a t w h e n thi s la s s i e b e cam e tall e r a n d v e ry fat I m i g ht , ,

t h e n th i n k m o r e s e r io u s ly O f h e r pr o p o s i ti o n ; b u t a s at pr es e n t I
h a d n o t s i x c o w s (th e r e q u i r e d pri c e ) h a n dy I c o u ld n o t e n te r ,

t a i n t h e s ubj e c t Th e o l d lady to ld m e s h e w o uld ge t th e s k i n a n d

.

b o n e ad o r n e d w ith fat by t h e ti m e I cam e o n a n o th e r v i s i t an d , ,

fo r all I k n o w thi s black c h arm e r may b e n o w wa i ti n g i n d i s ap

,

p o i n te d plump n e s s D r ays on s A f r i ca p age 2 2 7

’
.
.
,

Th e h u s ba n d i s al w ay s e xp ec te d to pro v i d e a s epara te h o u s e
,
fo r e a c h o f hi s w i v e s ; b u t e v e n thi s p r e ca u ti o n ca n n o t pr e v e n t th e
quar r e l s a n d s tri fe w h i c h ar e c o nti nually o cc u rr i n g a mo n g th e
d iff e r e n t w i v e s an d c h i ld r e n Th e w i v e s ar e n e v e r tr e ate d a s
.

e qual s .Th e y ar e n o t a ll o w e d to s it d o w n to a m eal w i th th e i r

h u s ba n d s ; b u t afte r th e y h av e pr e par e d th e i r fo o d th e y ar e r e ,

q u i r e d i n th e i r pr es e n c e to ta s te i t to s h o w th at i t h as n o t b e e n
,

p o i s o n e d T hi s pro c es s i s c all e d t ak i n g o ff th e w i tch

. S co tt s .
’ ’

D ag D a wn i n A f r i ca , p age 5 0 .

A m an mu st ma r ry b e cau se i t i s c
n e essa ry to hi s c omfort , co n
 CO UR TS H I P , M A R RIA G E, A N D B
CO N C U I N A G E . 1 15

se qu en tly th e w o ma n b e c o m e s a mark e tab l e c o mm o d ity H er .

fath er d e ma n d s for h e r as man y c o w s cl o th s an d bra s s w i re , ,

-

brac e l e ts a s th e s u ito r c an a ffo rd ; h e th u s v i rtu ally s e ll s h er a n d ,

s h e b e l o n g s to th e b u y e r ra nk i n g w i th hi s o th e r l i v e s to ck
, Th e -
.

h u s ba n d may s e ll h i s w ife o r i f s h e b e tak e n fr o m hi m by a n o th e r

, ,

m an h e c la i m s h er valu e w h i ch i s rul e d by w h at s h e w o uld fe tc h

, ,

i n th e s lav e mark e t -
Po lygamy i s u nl i m i te d an d th e
.
,

c hi efs pri d e th e m se lv e s u p o n th e n umb e r o f th e i r w i v e s vary i n g ,

fro m tw e lv e to th re e h u ndr e d It i s n o d i s grac e fo r an u n marri e d

.

” —
w o ma n to b ec o m e th e m o th er O f a fami l y B ur ton s Af r i ca .
’
,

p ge
a 4 93 .

T h er e i s n o s uch thi ng as l o v e i n th o se c o u ntr i e s th e feeli ngi s ,

n o t u n d e r s to o d n o r d o e s i t e x i s t i n th e s h ap e i n w h i ch w e u n d e r
,

s ta n d i t Ev e ry thi n g i s prac ti cal w i th o u t a parti cl e o f r o ma n c e

.
, .

W o m e n ar e s o far appr e c i a te d as th e y ar e valuabl e a ni mal s T h e y .

g ri n d th e c orn fe tc h th e wate r gath e r fire w o o d c e m e n t th e fl o o r s

, , , ,

c o o k th e fo o d an d pr o pagat e th e rac e ; b u t th e y ar e m e r e s er
,

v a n ts an d a s s uc h ar e valuabl e
, Th e pri c e o f a g o o d l o o ki n g
.
-
,

s tr o n g y o u n g wife w h o c o uld carry a h e av y j ar o f wa te r w o uld

, , ,

b e t e n c o w s ; th u s a m an ri ch i n cattl e w o uld b e ri ch i n d o m es ti c
, ,

bl i s s a s h e c o uld c o mman d a mul tipl i c ity o f w i v e s Th e s i mpl e

, .

rul e o f pr op o r tio n w i ll s ugg es t th at i f o n e daug h te r i s w o rth te n

c o w s t e n daugh te r s mu s t b e w o r th a h u n dr e d
, th e r e fo r e a larg e ,

fam i ly i s th e s o urc e o f w e al th ; th e g irl s pro duc e th e c o w s an d ,

th e b o y s m i lk th e m A ll b e i n g p e rfe c tly n ak e d (I m e a n th e g i rl s
.

a n d th e b o y s ) th e r e i s n o e xp e n s e an d th e c h i ldr e n ac t a s h e rd s m e n
, ,

to th e fl o ck s as i n th e pa tri arch al ti m es — B aker s G r ea t Bas i n Of .

’

the N i le, p age 1 4 8 .

O ne of Katch ib a s w i v e s
chi ldren an d s h e cam e to m e
’
h ad no ,

to apply for m e d i c i n e t o c o rr e c t s o m e e vi l i nflu e n c e th a t h a d

l o w e r e d h er i n h e r h u sba n d s e s timati o n Th e p o o r w o ma n w a s
’
.

i n gr e a t d i str e s s an d c o mpla i n e d th a t Katchi b a w a s v e ry cru e l t o

,

h e r b e cau s e s h e h ad b e e n u n abl e to mak e a n add i ti o n to hi s fam i ly ,

b u t th a t s h e w as s u r e I p o s s es s e d s o m e c h arm th a t w o u ld ra i s e
h er t o th e s ta n dard o f hi s o th e r w i v e s I c o uld n o t ge t r i d o f h er .

un til I gav e h er th e firs t p il l th at cam e to h a n d fr o m m y m e d i ci n e

116 CO UR TS H I P , MA RRIA GE, A N D CO N C UB IN A G E
’

c h es t, an d w i th thi s sh e w e nt away c ontente d .

” -
Baker ’
s G r eat
B asi n of the N i le, p age 2 1 6 .

W h en a m an b e c o m e s to o o l d to pay s uffi ci e nt a tten ti o n to h i s

n um e r o u s y o u n g w i v e s th e e ld e s t s o n t ak e s th e plac e o f h i s
,

” —
f a th e r an d b e c o m e s h i s s ub sti tu te Ba ker s G r eat B a s i n qf the
'
’
.

N i le, p age 50 .

N e g ro w o m en c an gratify th e d e s ire o f a l i b er ti n e b u t th ey ,

c an n e v e r i n sp i r e a pa s s i o n o f th e s o ul n o r fee d th a t h u n g e r o f ,

l o v e w hi ch mu s t s o m eti m es g n aw th e h e art o f a r efi ne d an d cul

ti vate d m an Th e n e gr es s h as b e au ty — b e au ty i n s p i te o f h e r
.
,

black s k i n w h i ch m i g ht cre ate a furo r e i n o u r d e mi m o n d e an d

,
-
,

fo r w h i c h fo o l s m i gh t fl in g th e i r fo rtu n es to th e d o g s A n d sh e i s .

g e ntl e an d fa i th ful and l o vi ng i n h er o w n p o o r way But w h e r e

, , .

i s th e c oy gla n c e the te n d e r s i g h th e ti m i d blu s h !

, W h e r e i s th e
,

i n te ll e c t w hi c h i s th e l i gh t w i th i n th e cry s tal lamp th e g e ni u s

, ,

w i th i n th e clay ! N o n o th e n e gr e s s i s n o t a w o ma n ; s h e i s a
, ,

par o dy o f w o man ; s h e i s a pr e tty toy an a ff ecti o n ate bru te , ,

th at i s all — Beade s S a vage A f r i ca p age 2 4 0

” ’
. .
,

Wh en th e K i n g o f Co n g o tak e s a fresh c on cub i ne h er h u sb an d ,

i s p ut to d e a th S h e i s fo rc e d to gi v e th e n am e s o f h er l o v e rs
.

(for i t s e e m s th at all th e marri e d w o m e n h av e l o v e r s) an d th es e ,

” —
ar e al s o e x e cu te d Beade s S a vage A f r i ca p age 2 8 6 ’
. .
,

It i s curi o u s th at th e E quatori al s ava g es o f A fri ca s h o uld h av e

a r e markabl e a n ti pa th y to w i d o w s W o m e n n e v e r marry tw i c e ; .

t h e y ar e c o mp ell e d t o go o n t h e t o w n o n th e d e a th o f th ei r h u s
b a n d an d to pay all th e i r e ar ni n g s to th ei r bro th e r s
, .

T h at a h u sba n d s h o uld o ff e r o n e o f hi s w i v e s to a v i s i to r a s h e ,

o ff e r s h i m a s e a t i n h i s h o u s e a n d a t hi s t abl e argu e s a wa n t o f ,

r efi ne m e n t o n ly But th e h u s ban d w h o u s es h i s w i fe as i s d o n e
.
,

all o v e r A fri ca to d e c o y y o u n g m e n t o ru i n s lav e ry a n d d e a th

, , , ,
”
p r acti s es a v i c e w h i c h s e ld o m o ccur s am o n g civ i l i z e d n a ti o n s .

Beade s S a vage Af r i ca p a ge 2 1 8
’
.
,
1 18 F UN ERA L A N D B UR IA L R I TE S .

an d s i n g dan c e as h e pl e a s es to o rd e r th e m and if any re fu s e

or ,

t o c o m e h e w i ll s e n d th e p e o pl e fo r th e m a n d th e n w hi p th e m
, , .

W h en a m an h a s b e e n a day o r tw o fro m h o m e th e w i fe ,

s alu te s h i m o n h er k n e e s a t h i s r e tur n a n d i n th e s am e p o s tur e , , ,

s h e alway s bri n g s h i m wa te r to dri n k T h i s I b el i e v e i s th e .

, ,

” —
e ff e c t o f w h at I b e fo r e m e nti o n e d Mumb o J umb o
, Moor e s , .
’

Inland Parts of Af r i ca p age 1 1 6 1 22 ,

-
.

A m o n g th e Ma n d i n go e s i f a m arri e d w o ma n i s s u s p e cte d o f
,

b eing u nfa i th ful t o h er h u s ba n d th e ai d o f Mumb o J u mb o i s p ut ,

i n r e qu i s iti o n T hi s my s teri o u s p e rs o n ag e s o fri g h tful to th e

.
,

w h o l e rac e o f A fri ca n ma tro n s i s a s tro n g athl eti c m an d i s gu i s e d

, , ,

in dry pla n ta i n l e av es a nd b e ari n g a r o d i n h i s h a n d w hi c h h e

, ,

u s es o n pr o p e r o cca s i o n s w i th m o s t u n s pari n g s e v e ri ty When .

i nv o k e d by an i nj ur e d h u s ba n d h e app e ar s ab o u t th e o u tsk i rt s o f
,

th e v illag e a t du s k a n d c o mm e n c es all s o r ts o f pa n to m i m e s
, .

A fte r s upp e r h e v e n tur es to th e to w n h all w h e r e h e c o mm en c es

, ,

h i s anti c s an d e v e ry gro w n p er so n mal e o r fe m al e mu s t b e pr e s

, , ,

e n t o r s ubj e c t th e m s e lv e s to th e s u Sp rc ro n o f h av i n g b ee n k e p t
,

a w ay by a gu i l ty c o n s c i e n c e Th e p e rfo rma n c e i s k e p t up u nti l

.

m i d ni gh t w h en Mumb o s udd e nly s pri n g s w i th th e ag il i ty o f th e

,

ti g e r up o n th e o ff e n d e r a n d c h a s ti s e s h er m o s t s o u n dly am i d s t th e
, ,

s h o u ts a n d laug h te r o f th e mul ti tud e i n w h i c h th e o th e r w o m e n ,

j o i n m o r e h e arti ly th an a nyb o dy e l s e w i th th e v i e w n o d o ubt o f , , ,

rai si n g th e m s elv e s ab ov e the s u sp i ci on O f such i nfidelity ”

Wi l .
~

s on s Af r i ca p age 7
’
, 6 .

CHA PTER XXI

F UN ER A L AN D BU R IA L R ITE s IN N EG R O L A N D .

D R UMSw er e b e ati n g h o rn s bl ow i ng an d p eo pl e w e r e s e en
, ,

al l ru n ni n g i n o n e d i r e c ti o n Th e cau s e w a s a fun e r al da n c e an d
. ,

I j oined th e cro wd and soon fo u nd mys elf in the m i d st o f th e en

,
 F UN ERA L A N D B UR IA L R I TE S . 1 19

tertai n m e nt da n c e rs w e r e m o s t gro tes qu e ly go t u p A b o u t

. Th e .

a d o z e n h ug e o s tri ch fe a th e r s ad o rn e d th e i r h e lm e ts ; e i th e r
l e o pard o r th e black a n d w hi te m o nk e y s k i ns w e r e s u s p e n d e d
fro m th e i r s h o uld e rs an d a l e a th e r ti e d r o u n d th e wa i s t c o v e re d a
,

l arg e i ro n b e ll w hi c h w a s s trapp e d u p o n t h e l o i n s o f e ach da n c e r

,

lik e a w o ma n s o l d fa shi o n e d bu s tl e T hi s th e y ru n g to th e ti m e
’ -
.

O f t h e da n c e by j e rk i n g th e i r p o s te r i o r s i n th e m o s t ab s u rd m a n

E v e ry d a n c e r w o r e a n a n te l o p e s h o rn s u s p e n d e d r o u n d th e
’
n er .

n e ck w hi c h h e bl e w o cca s i o n ally i n th e h e i g h t o f h i s e xc i te m e n t
,
.

T h e s e i n strum e nts pr o duc e d a s o u n d partak i n g o f th e bray i n g o f

a d o nk e y a n d th e s cre e ch o f a n o w l C ro wd s o f m e n ru s h e d .

r o u n d a n d r o u n d i n a s o rt o f gal o p i n fe r n el bra n d i sh i n g th ei r ,
’

la n c e s a n d i ro n h e ad e d mac e s a n d k e ep i n g to l e ra b ly i n l i n e five
-
,

o r s i x d e e p fo ll o wi n g t h e l e ad e r w h o h e ad e d th e m da n c i n g back
, ,

ward s Th e w o m e n k ep t o u ts i d e th e l i n e dan ci n g a s l o w s tup i d

.
, ,

s te p a n d s cr e am i n g a w i ld a n d m os t i n h arm o ni o u s c h a n t
”
.
,

Baker ’
s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le, p age 1 65 .

I h ad n o ti ce d
duri n g th e march fro m L ato m e th at th e
, ,

vi c i n i ty o f e v e ry to w n w a s a nn o u n c e d by h e ap s o f h u m a n r e

m ai ns Bo n e s a n d s kull s fo rm e d a G o l g o th a w i th i n a quar te r o f
.

a m il e O f e v e ry v i llag e S o m e o f th es e w er e i n e arth en war e p o ts

.
,

g e n e rally bro k e n ; o th e r s lay s tre w n h e re a n d th e r e w hil e a h e ap ,

i n th e c e n tr e s h o w e d t h a t s o m e fo rm h a d o r i g in ally b e e n o b s e rv e d
i n th e i r d i s p o s i ti o n T h is w as e xplai n e d by a n e xtra o r din ary
.

cu s to m m os t r i g i dly o b s e rv e d by th e L ato o ka s Sh o uld a m an .

b e k il l e d i n battl e th e b o dy i s all o w e d to r e ma i n w h e r e i t fe ll an d ,

i s d e v o ur e d by th e vul tur es an d h y e n a s ; b u t s h o uld h e di e a n at

u ral d e a th h e o r s h e i s buri e d i n a s h all o w grav e w i th i n a fe w
,

fe et o f h i s o w n d o o r i n a l ittl e c o urt yard th a t s u rr o u n d s e ach

,
-

d w ellin — Baker ’s G r ea t B as i n O the N i le, a e 1 4 2

f p g .

Th ec h i e fs o f U nyamw e z i g e n e rally ar e i nte rr e d by a l arg e

a s s e mblag e o f th ei r s u bj e cts w i th cru e l ri tes A d e e p p i t i s s u n k .
,

w i th a k i nd o f vau l t o r r e c e s s pr oj e c ti n g fro m i t ; i n thi s th e

c o rp s e cl o th e d w i th s k i n an d h i d e a n d h o ld i ng a b o w i n th e
, ,

ri gh t h a n d i s plac e d s i tti n g w i th a p o t o f p o mb e up o n a d w arf

, , ,

s t o ol w hi l e s o m e ti m es o n e b ut m o re gen e rall y th r ee fe mal e

, , ,
1 20 F UN ER A L A N D B UR A L I T
R I ES .

slav e s o n e o n e ach s i d e a n d th e thi rd i n fro nt ar e buri e d al i v e to

, ,

pr e s e rv e th e i r l o rd fro m th e h o rr o rs o f s o l itud e A c o p i o u s l ib a .

ti o n o f p o mb e up o n t h e h e ap e d u p e ar th c o n clud e s th e c e r e m o ny
-
”
.

Burton s Af r i ca p age 2 9 6
’
, , .

Th e gre at h e adm en o f W ado c ar e buri e d al m o st n ak e d b ut ,

r etai ni n g th ei r b e ad o rn am e n ts s itti n g i n a s h all o w p i t s o th at

-
, ,

th e fo r e fin ger c an pr oj e c t ab o v e th e gro u n d
-
W i th e ac h m an ar e .

i n te rr e d al i v e a mal e a n d a fe mal e s lav e th e fo rm e r h o ld i n g a b i ll ,

h o o k w h e r e w i th t o c ut fu e l for h i s l o rd i n th e c o ld d e a th w o rld
,
-
,

a n d th e la tte r w h o i s s e a te d up o n a l i ttl e s to o l s upp o r ts h i s h e a d

, ,

” —
i n h er lap Bur to n s A f r i ca p age 9 8
’
. .
,

A t thi s fu n eral th e w o m e n h av i n g fir st app e ar e d an d fo rm e d

,

a c i rcl e o n e adva n c e d i nto th e m i d s t h av i n g a ch ild ti e d o n h e r

, ,

b ack an d w e n t wri ggl i n g ab o u t o n h e r h ee l s w i th h er h e ad a n d

, ,

h a n d s i n cli n e d t o ward th e gr o u n d H er c o mpa n i o n s s a n g Fa nte e

.

s o n g s ; s o m e s truck p i e c e s o f i r o n to g e th e r th r e e o th e rs cla s h e d ,

i n th ei r h a n d s calaba sh es s urr o u n d e d w i th a l o o s e n e t w o rk o f -

b e ad s ; a n d m e a n w hi l e m en b e at drum s w i th th e i r fi n g e rs i n th e
,

backgro u n d N e x t h alf a d o z e n w i ld l o o ki n g m en app e ar e d

.
-
,

w h o s ee me d to b e u n d e r th e e xc i te m e nt o f l i qu or a n d th e i r wa i s t ,

cl o th s tra i l in g i n th e du st T h ey r o ar e d o ut s o n g s ; ru s h e d madly
.

t e n o r a d o z e n yard s up th e s tr e e t tw i s ti n g v i o l e n tly th ei r ,

s h o uld e r s arm s an d l e g s ; th e n w h e el e d r o u n d an d r eturn e d

, , ,

s to pp i n g a n d c i rcl i n g o n th e i r h am s w h i l s t mu s i c i a n s b e a t drum s ,

a n d dry s ti ck s a n d l o udl y j o i n e d i n th e c h o ru s
,
— A lexa nder s .
” ’

A f r i ca Vo l I p age 1 88
, . .
, .

Th e Kafii r s d iffer v e ry materi ally fro m all th e n e i gh b o r i n g

n ati o n s i n th e i r ma n n e r o f d i s p o s i n g o f th e d e ad Fu ne ral ri te s .

a r e b e s to w e d o n ly o n th e b o d i e s o f th e i r c h i e fs an d o f th ei r ,

c h i ldr e n Th e fir s t ar e g en e rally i n te rr e d v ery d e e p i n th e du n g

.

o f th e i r o w n ca ttl e accumula t e d i n th e k r aal s or plac e s w h e r e

t h e y ar e p e n t up a t n i g h ts ; a n d th e b o d i e s o f i n fa nts ar e m o s t
c o mm o n ly d e p o s ite d i n th e ant h i ll s th a t h av e b e e n e xcavate d b y-

th e a nt e a te rs
-
Th e c o mm on p eo pl e ar e e xp o s e d to b e d e v o ur e d
.
l 22 I N D O L E N CE AN D I M P R O VI D E N CE ’
.

app e a s e d th er e i s n o o th e r cau s e o f d e ath b ut w i tch c r aft w h i ch

, ,

may b e av erte d b y c h arm s ”

L i vi ngs ton e s Af r i ca p age 4 7
. 7
’
, .

O ne n e ver ex p e cts to find a g rav e n or a s to n e o f r e m em

b ra n c e s et u p in A f r i ca ; th e v e ry r o ck s ar e i lli te ra te ” —
L i ving .

A f r i ca , p age 233
’
s tone s .

CHA P TE R XXII .

IN D O L EN CE A N D
‘
P
I M R O VID EN CE o n TH E N E G R O ES .

TH E a tiv es ar e s o lazy th at at ti m e s th e m erch a n ts ca nn ot

n ,

wi th o u t gr e a t d ifficul ty ge t m e n to l o ad o r u n l o ad th ei r s h ip s
, .

T h i s i s a v e ry s eri o u s gri e va n c e an d o fte n e xp o s e s o u r m erc h a n ts

,

t o g r e a t d iffi cul ti e s as w e ll a s l o s s O n e Engl i s h lab o r e r

.
,

o n a n av e rag e d o es m o r e w o rk th a n a n t w lv A fr i ca n d
, y e e s ; a n

th e pr o vi s i o n o f th e l a tte r b e i n g s o c h e ap (o n e p e nn y p er day i s
s u ffi c i e n t fo r th e i r s upp o r t) th e y h av e al w ay s pl e n ty to e a t
, I am .

w ri ti n g fro m ac tu al o b s e rva ti o n h av i n g h ad for th r e e m o nth s a

,

n umb e r o f hi r e d m en u n d e r my c h arg e If a m an i s .

u rg e d to d o a n y thi n g l i k e a t e n th par t o f a day s w o rk h e w i ll go

’
,

away a n d s te al s u ffi c i e n t t o ma i nt a i n h i m fo r s o m e ti m e ; c o n s o
,

qu e ntly th e to w n s o n th e c o a st ab o u n d w i th thi e v e s a n d v aga

,

b o n d s w h o w i ll n ot w o rk
,
”
D u n can s A f r i ca Vo l I p age 4 0
.
’
, . .

Eve n th e free n e gr o es lab o r m er ely to acqu i re th e m ean s o f

gr ati fy i n g th ei r a ni mal e nj o ym e nt N e gro e s ar e i n d o l e n t b y
.

n atur e a n d th e r e fo r e i n d i s p o s e d t o lab o r
,
Th e y p e rfo rm th e i r .

t a sk s car el e s s ly a n d h av e n o i d e a o f a tte n ti o n a n d p un c tual i ty

, ,

tw o q u al i ti es i n d i s p e n s abl e fo r a g o o d s e rva n t If a s erv i c e i s .

a sk e d o f a n e g r o h e c o mm o n ly s h o w s gre at r e ad i n e s s t o u n d e r
,

t ak e i t b e i n g s ti mulate d w i t h t h e h o p e o f r e war d bu t h e h a s n o
, ,

i d e a th at a s e rv i c e q u i ck ly e x e cu te d h as d o ubl e valu e H e r e turn s .

 I N D O L EN G E I MPR O VI D E N CE 1 23
'
A N D .

in as many h o urs a s h e s h o ul d h av e tak e n m i nu te s a n d i s q u ite ,

s urpri s e d a t b e i n g fo u n d faul t w i th fo r hi s s l o w n es s H e w i ll .

mak e n o s e cre t o f h i s h av i n g i n t h e m e a n ti m e tak e n a s tro ll ,

v i s i te d a fri e n d s to pp e d at a n i nn o r p e rh ap s p e rfo rm e d s o m e
, ,

o th e r w o rk . Th e n e gr o thi n k s i t i s q u i te e n o ug h to h av e p e r
fo rm e d th e s e rvi c e ; a s to w h e n o r h o w h e c o n s i d e rs th at a matte r ,

o f n o m o m ent
”—
. Bur m ei s ter 3 Black Ma n p age 1 5 ’
, .

L az in e s s i s i n h e r e nt i n th e s e p e opl e for wh i ch r e a s o n al th o ugh

, ,

e x tr e m ely p o w e rfu l th ey w i ll n o t w o rk u n l e s s c o mp e ll e d to d o s o
, .

Th e y h av e n o l o v e for tru th h o n o r o r h o n es ty , , .

Sp eke s A fi nca , p age 2 7

’
.

Th e g ro h as b een an d s till i s th oro u ghl y m i s u n d e r sto o d

ne , , .

H o w e v e r s e v e r e ly w e may c on d e m n th e h o rri bl e s y s te m o f s lav e ry ,

th e r e s u l ts o f e ma n c i pa ti o n h av e pr o v e d th a t th e n e gr o d o e s n o t
appre ci ate th e bl e s s i ng s o f fr e e d o m n or d o e s h e s h o w th e s l i gh t
,

e s t fe e l i n g o f gra ti tud e t o th e h a n d th a t br o k e th e ri v e ts o f h i s

fetters Hi s n arro w m i n d cann o t e mbrac e th at fe el i n g o f pur e

.

p hil an th ro py th at firs t pr o mp te d En gl a n d to d e clar e h e rs elf

aga i n s t s lav e ry an d h e o nly r e gard s th e a nti s lav ery m o v e m en t
,
-

a s a pr o o f o f hi s o w n i mp o r ta n c e In hi s l i mi te d h o ri z o n h e i s
.

h i m s e lf th e i mp o rta n t o bj e c t an d a s a s e qu e n c e to h i s s e lf c o n c e i t
,
-
,

h e i magi n e s th a t th e w h o l e w o rld i s at i s s u e c o n c e r n i n g th e black

m an . Th e n e gr o th e r efo r e b ei n g th e i mp o r ta nt qu e s ti o n mu s t
, , ,

b e a n i mp o r ta n t p e r s o n a n d h e c o n d u c ts h i m s elf acc o rd i n gly

, ,

h e i s far to o gr e a t a m an t o w o rk Up o n t hi s p o i n t h i s n a tural
.

c h aracte r e x h i bi ts i ts elf m o s t d e term i n e dl y A cc o rd i n gly h e .

,

r e s i sts a ny a tte mp t at c o e rci o n ; b ei n g fr ee hi s firs t i mp u l s e i s to ,

clai m an e qual ity w ith th o s e w h o m h e la tely s e rv e d an d to u s urp ,

a d ig ni ty w i th ab s urd pr e ten s i o n s th at mu s t i n e vi tably i n s ure th e

,

d i s gu s t an d ab h o rr en c e o f th e w hi te c o mmu nity — Baker s G r eat .

” ’

Bas i n of the N i le p age 1 9 7 , .

My n e x t eff o r t pr o cur e lab o r er s fo r wh o m I i n v o k e d

w as t o ,

th e a i d o f Fa n a Fo ro a n d th e n e i g h b o r i n g c h i e fs
-
D ur i n g t w o .

day s fo rty n egr o e s w h o m I h i re d for th ei r fo o d a n d a p er di em of

, ,
1 24 IN D O L E N G E A N D
’
I M PE 0 VI D E N CE
’
.

tw e n ty c e nts wro te fai th fully u n d er my d ir e cti o n ; b ut th e c on

,

s ta n t ta s k o f fe ll i n g tr e e s d igg i n g r o o t s a n d cl e a r i n g gr o u n d
, ,

w a s s o u n u s u al fo r s a vag e s th a t th e e n ti r e ga n g w i th th e e xc e p
, ,

t i o n o f a d o z e n to o k th e i r pay i n r um a n d to ba c c o an d q u i tte d m e
, , .

A c o u pl e o f day s m o r e d e v o te d to s uc h e n dura n c e dr o v e o ff t h e
r e ma i n in g tw e lv e s o th at o n th e fifth day o f my p h i la n th ro p i c
,

e n te rpri s e I w as l e ft i n my s o l i tary h u t wi th a s i n gl e a tt e n da n t I .

h a d ala s ! u n d e r tak e n a t a s k al to g eth e r u n s u i te d to p eo pl e w h o s e

,

i d e a o f e arth ly h app i n e s s an d du ty i s d i vi d e d b e tw e e n palm o il ,

c o nc u b i n ag e an d s u n shi n e I fo u n d i t i dl e to r e m o n s tra te w i th
, .

t h e k i n g ab o u t th e i n d o l e n c e o f hi s s ubj e c ts Fa n a T o r o e n te r .
-

tai n e d v e ry n e arly th e s am e o p i n i o n a s h i s s lav e s H e d e clar e d .

a n d p e r h ap s v e ry s e n s i bly th a t w h i te m e n w e r e fo o l s to w o rk
fro m s u n ri s e to s u n s e t e v e ry day o f th ei r li v e s ; n o r c o uld h e c o m
pr eh en d h o w n e gro e s w e r e e xp e c te d t o fo ll o w th e i r e xampl e ;
n a y i t w a s n o t th e
,
fa sh i o n o f A fr i ca ; a n d l e a s t o f all c o uld ’
, ,

h i s maj e s ty c o n c ei v e h o w a m an p o s s e s s e d o f s o much m e rc h a n
d i s e a n d pro p e rty w o uld v o lu n ta r ily u n d e rg o th e t o il s I w a s p r e
,

pari n g fo r th e futu r e Fo r a w h i l e I tri e d th e e ffe c t o f

.

h ig h e r wag e s ; b u t a n i n cr e a s e o f rum to bacc o a n d c o i n c o uld , , ,

n o t s tri n g t h e n e r ve s o r c o rd th e m u s cl e s o f A fr i ca Fo u r m e n s ’
.

lab o r w a s n o t e q u i val e n t t o o n e day s w o rk i n Eu ro p e o r A m e ri ca ’

.

Th e n e gro s p hil o s o p h y w as b o th n a tural a n d s el f e v i d e n t : — w hy

’ -

s h o uld h e w o r k fo r pay w h e n h e c o u ld l i v e w i th o u t i t i
’
Can ot s
’

Twenty Yea r s of a n A f r i ca n S la ver p age 4 1 7 , .

A writer i n th e So u th e r n Pla nte r an d Farm e r s tate s th a t ’

a g e ntl e ma n i n Ch a rl o tte c o u n ty Vi rg i ni a th u s tes te d th e c o m , ,

p ar ati ve r e s ul ts o f w h i te a n d black lab o r H e fu rn i s h e d thi r te e n .

n e gr o e s w i th mul es a n d i mpl e m e n ts a n d pr o v i s i o n s to ra i s e a c r o p ,

a n d a t th e s am e ti m e fu r n i s h e d a n o u tfi t to t w o w hi te m e n Th e .

n e gr o e s ra i s e d n i n e ty fo ur barr e l s o f c o r n s e v e n s tack s o f o a ts a n d
-
, ,

five th o u s a n d p o u n d s o f to bacc o Th e t wo w hi te m e n w i th a l i ttl e

.
,

n e gr o g i rl to c o o k fo r th e m ra i s e d o n e h u n dr e d a n d tw e lv e a n d a
,

h alf barr e l s o f c o r n t e n s tack s o f o ats an d e i g h t th o u s a n d p o u n d s

, ,

to bacc o . Th e n e gr o es r e tur n e d th e mul es i n a p o o r e mac i a te d ,

c o n d i ti o n Th e w h i te m en turn e d th ei rs o v e r fat an d s l e ek Th e
. .

n e gr o es w o rk e d fo ur mul e s t h e w hi tes tw o Th e g e n tl e ma n
,
.

r e fe rr e d to w i ll th i s y e ar w o rk w hi te m e n e x cl us i v ely T o sh o w
, ,
.
1 26 TIM I D I T Y A N D 00 WA R D I CE OF TH E
'
N E G R O ES .

pa s si n g by th e way an d i mm e d i a tely r etr e ats T h en o f c o ur s e

, .
, ,

th e d e ad ma n s fri e n d s t ak e up h i s qu arr e l ; th e n en s u e o th e r a m
’

bu s h e s a n d mu r d e rs ; fre qu e n tly a d o z en v i llag es ar e i n v o lv e d i n

th e palav e r a n d t h e k i ll i n g a n d r o bb i n g g o es o n fo r m o n th s a n d
,

” —
e v e n y e ar s e ach pa r ty ac ti n g as o cca s i o n o fi er s
’

D a Chai llu s ’
.
,

E quator i al A f r i ca p age 1 9 5 , .

Th e warri o r s fri ca — wi th th e e xc ep ti o n o f
of th i s part of A
th e F a n s a n d O s h e b a — ar e n o t o v e r s to ck e d wi th c o urag e Th ey .

appla u d tri ck s th at ar e i nh uman ly cru e l an d c o wardly an d s e e m ,

t o b e qu i te i n capabl e o f o p e n h a n d to h a n d fig h t To s urpri s e - -
.

m an w o ma n o r c hi ld i n s l e e p an d k i ll th e m th e n ; to li e i n am
, , ,

bu s h i n th e w o o d s for a s i n gl e m an an d ki ll h im by a s i ngl e s p e ar ,

t h ru s t b e fo r e h e c a n d e fe n d h i m s e lf ; t o waylay a w o ma n g o i n g t o
th e s pr i n g for wate r an d k i ll h e r ; o r t o a ttack o n th e r i v e r a c a
, f

n o e m uch s mall e r a n d w e ak e r th a n th e a ttack e r s th e s e ar e th e ,

warl ik e fe a ts I h av e h e ard m o s t prai s e d an d s e e n o fte n e s t d o n e ,

i n thi s part o f A fri ca — D a Chai llu s E qu ator i al A f r i ca p age 1 31

’
. .
,

In war th e y s ho w n o brav e ry al thou gh o n th e h u nt th ey ar e

, ,

c ertai nly brav e e n o ugh T h ey d e sp i s e b o ld n e s s an d adm i re c u n

.

n i n g ; pr e fe r t o ga i n by tr e ac h e ry i f p o s s i bl e ; h av e n o m e rcy o r ,

c o n s i d e ratio n fo r th e e n e my s w o m e n an d ch i l dr e n ; a n d ar e cru e l
’

t o th o s e w h o fall i n th e i r p o w e r — D a Cha i llu s E qu a tor i a l A f r i ca

” ’
.
,

p age 379 .

Bes i d es c o w ard i c e th ei r pri n cipal faul t i s thi evi n g — a d i sp o

, ,
~

s i ti o u w h i c h th e y n e v e r fa i l t o e v i n c e ; a n d n o th i n g c o m es am i s s to

th e m fr o m w h o l e s al e r o bb e ry t o p e tty pri ggi n g

,
L i k e th e t ru e .

c o w ard to o th e y ar e bull i e s w h e n th ey m e e t th o s e m o r e tim i d

, ,

t h a n th e m s e lv es — Hutchi ns on s A f r i ca Vo l IL p age 22
’
. .
.
, ,

D ur i n g th e war w hi ch
c o n tinu e d th e s e fo ur m on th s th e
, h as ,

l o s s o n th e part o f th e Yao o r i e h as b e e n ab o u t a h alf d o z e n m en -

k ill e d an d th e s lau g h te r o n th e part o f th e r e b e l s i t i s s a i d h as

, , ,

b e en n o l es s T hi s s a n gu i n ary c o n te s t i s a sp e c i m e n o f th ei r war
.
 TIMI D I T Y A N D CO WA RD I CE OF TH E N E G R O ES.

far e s o th at th er e w ill n e v e r b e any g r e a t da n g e r o f d ep o pulati o n

,

fr o m fo r e i g n war s o r d o m e s ti c br o il s Th e g r e a t w ar .
,
’

fo r w h i c h t h e r e w as s a i d to h av e b e e n s uc h m i g hty pr e para ti o n s
i n N o u fii e a n d w h i c h cau s e d s o m u c h c o n s te r n a ti o n i n thi s c i ty
,

a n e v e n i n g o r tw o a go h as t e rm i n a t e d i n th e cap tu r e o f a h e rd o f
,

t h e K i n g o f W o w o w s bull o ck s n e ar t h e wall s o f h i s to w n
’ ”
.

L ander s Tr a vels i n Af r i ca Vol I p ages 2 7 3 27 5

’
. .
, ,

A b o u t tw o o cl o ck as I w as lyi n g a s l e ep u p on a bull o ck s h i d e
’
,
’

b e h i n d th e d o o r o f th e h ut I w as awak e n e d by th e s cr e am s o f
,

w o m en an d a g e n e ral clam o r an d c o n fu si o n am o n g th e i nb ah
,

i t a n ts A t fir s t I s u s p e c te d th a t th e Ba m b a w a n s h a d a c tually e u
.

t e r e d th e to w n ; b u t o b s e rv i n g my b o y u p o n th e t o p o f o n e o f th e
h u ts I call e d to h i m to k n o w w h at w as th e ma tte r
, H e i n fo rm e d .

m e th a t th e Mo o r s w e r e c o m e a s e c o n d ti m e to s te al th e cattl e ,

an d th a t th e y w e re n o w cl o s e t o th e to w n I m o u nte d th e r o o f o f .

th e h u t a n d o b s e rv e d a larg e h e rd o f bull o ck s c o m i n g t o ward

'

th e to w n fo ll o w e d by five Mo o r s o n h o r s e back w h o dr o v e th e
, ,

cattl e fo rward w i th th ei r m u s k e ts W h en th ey h a d r e ach e d th e .

w e ll s w hi ch ar e cl o s e to th e to w n th e Mo o r s s e l e c te d fro m th e
, ,

h e rd s i x te e n o f th e fi n e s t b e a sts a n d dro v e th e m o ff at a gall o p , .

D u r i n g thi s tr a n s ac ti o n th e to w n p e o pl e to th e n umb e r o f fi ve ,

h u n d r e d s to o d co ll e c te d cl o s e to th e wall s o f th e to w n ; an d w h en
,

t h e M o o r s dr o v e t h e ca ttl e away th o ug h th e y pa s s e d w i th i n p i s ,

to l s h o t o f th e m th e i n h ab i ta n ts s ca r c e ly mad e a s h o w o f r es i s t
-
,

a n c e I s aw o nly fo ur mu s k ets fi r e d w h i c h b ei n g l o ad e d w i th
.
, ,

g unp o wd e r o f th e n e gro e s o w n ma n ufac ture di d n o e x e cu ti on

’
,
.

— Mungo Par k s ’
l s t Jour na l , p age 8 5 .

“
I atte mp t to s to rm or s ubd ue Co o ni ah th e cap ital o f th e
n an ,

r e b ell i o u s pro v i n c e o f G h o o b er th e n umb e r o f figh ti n g m e n ,

b r o u g h t b e fo re th e t o w n c o uld n o t I th in k h av e b e e n l es s th a n , ,

fifty o r s ix ty th o u s a n d h o rs e an d fo o t o f w h i ch th e fo o t am o u nte d
, ,

t o m o r e t h a n n i n e te n th s Fo r th e d ep th o f m o r e th a n t w o h u n
-
.

d r e d yard s all r o u n d th e wall s w a s a d e n s e c i r cl e o f m e n a n d

, ,

h orses T h e h o r s e k e p t o u t o f th e r e ac h o f b o w s h o t w h i l e th e
.
-
,

fo o t w e n t u p as t he y fel t c o urag e o r i n cli n ati o n an d k ep t up a

, ,

s tr uggl i n g fi r e w i th ab o u t thi r ty mu s k ets a n d th e s h o o ti n g o f ar

1 28 TIMID ITY A ND 00 WA R D I CE OF TH E N E G R O ES .

r o ws . T h e s e fe ll o w s w h en e v e r th e y fire d th ei r p i e c e s r a n
, ,

o u t o f b o w s h o t t o l o ad
-
A ll o f th e m w e r e s lav e s ; n o t a s i n gl e
.

Fel atah h ad a m u s k e t Th e e n e my k e p t up a s u r e a n d s l o w fig h t
.
,

s eld o m th r o w i n g away th e i r arr o w s u n ti l t h e y s a w a n o p p o r tu n i ty ,

o f l etti n g fly w i th e ffe c t N o w a n d th e n a s i ngl e h o rs e ma n w o u ld

.

gall o p up to th e d i tch an d bra n d i s h his s p e ar tak i n g car e to c o v e r

, ,

h i m s e lf w i th h i s la r g e l e a th e r n s hi e l d a n d r e tu r n a s fa s t as h e ,

w e n t g e n e rally call i n g o u t l u s tily w h e n h e go t am o n g hi s o w n

, ,

pa r ty S hi e ld s to th e wall !
,
Yo u p eo pl e o f G o da do w h y d o n t ,
’

y o u h a s t e n t o th e wall ! T o w hi c h s o m e v o i c e s w o u ld c all o u t ,

‘
O h ! yo u h av e a g o o d larg e s h i e ld to c o v e r yo u ! Th e c r y o f ’

S hi e ld s to th e wall ! w a s c o n s ta n tly h e ard fr o m th e s e v e ral c hi e fs

’

t o th e i r t r o o p s ; b u t th e y d i s r e gard e d th e call a n d n e i th e r c hi e fs ,

n o r Va s s al s m o v e d fro m th e s p o t A t th e c o n cl u s i o n o f
.

th i s m e m o rabl e b a ttl e i n w h i c h n o thi n g w a s c o n c lud e d th e w h o l e

, ,

army s e t o ff i n th e g r e a te s t c o n fus i o n m e n a n d q u adrup e d s tu m ,

bl i n g o v e r e ach o th e r a n d u p s e tti n g e v e r y th i n g th a t fe ll i n th ei r
,

W ay ”
Clap p er ton s A f r i ca Vol I V p age 2 4 2
’
.
.
, . .
,

T he s e u n fo rtu n a te p eo pl e s e l do m th i n k o f d e fe n d i n g th e i r
h ab i ta ti o n s b u t ra th e r g i ve th e m u p a n d by th a t m e a n s ga i n ti m e
, ,

” —
to e s cap e D enham a n d Cl ap p er ton s Af r i ca Vo l II p age 1 2 1
’
. . .
, .
,

It i s y s elf i nte re s t th a t mak e s th e A fri ca n brav e I h av e

o nl -
.

s ee n a s mall c o w tr o tti n g u p w i th t a i l e r e c t br e ak a l i n e o f o n e
, ,

” —
h u n dr e d a n d fifty m e n carry i n g g oo d s n o t th ei r o w n Bu rt on s .
’

A f r i ca p age 24 2
, .

It i s c o nfid e ntly s tate d by th e m i ss i o n ari e s th at th e K i n g o f

K o n g o r a i s e d th e i n cre d ibly lar g e arm yo f n i n e h u n dr e d th o u s a n d
m en . Th ey s ay v e ry l ittl e h o w e v e r fo r th e b r av e ry o r di s
, ,

c i p l i n e o f th i s i mm e n s e army w h e n th e y add th a t th e ma i n d i ,

vi s i o n o f i t w a s e n ti r e ly r o u te d by fo ur h u n dr e d Po r tugu e s e mu s k e

t e e rs . Wi ls on s Af r i ca p age 322
’
, .

T w e n ty w h i tes w i ll p u t to fl ig h t a th o u s a n d Co n go an s .

O gi lby s Af r i ca p a ge 5 33
’
.
,
1 30 A F R I CA N A N E CD O TE S .

Th e r eb el s e xa s p era te d at s i gh t o f th e n e gro es fo ugh t w i th

, ,

th e fu r y o f d e v il s a n d r e i n fo rc e m en ts c o m i n g t o th e i r a i d th e ti d e
, , ,

o f ba ttl e t ur n e d Th e c o l o r e d tr o o p s gav e way an d br o k e i n c o n

.

fu s i o n w h en th e r e b el s h avi n g r epul s e d th e i r ch arg e c h arg e d

, , ,

th e m i n t urn a n d th e n th e y r an a t er r o r s tri ck e n d i s o rd e r e d ma s s
, ,
-
,

o f fug i ti v e s to th e r e ar o f o u r w h i te t r 0 0p s
, In va i n th e i r o ffic e rs .

e n d e av o r e d to rally th e m wi th all th e p e r s ua s i o n o f t o n gu e s abr e , ,

a n d p i s to l W h ate v e r d i s cr e d it a ttach e s to th e n eg ro es th em
.

s elv e s th ei r w hi te o fii c er s ar e b ey o n d r e pr o ach
‘ ”
, .

CHA P T ER X XI V .

A FR ICA N A N E CD O TE S .

So l on g as th e n e gr o c an lau gh h e car es l ittl e aga i nst w h o m ,

th e j o k e g o es
”
E u Cha i llu s E qu ator i al Af r i ca p age 330
’
-
. .
,

Th e rag e d w i fe ru sh e d o ut to s eek h er s upp o s e d r i val an d

en ,

a battl e e n s u e d W o m e n s fights i n th i s c o u ntry al w ay s b e g i n by

.
’

th e i r th r o w i n g o ff th e i r d engu i th at i s s tri pp i n g th e m s e lv e s e n
, ,

tir e ly n ak e d Th e c h all e n g e r h av i n g th u s d e n ud e d h e r s e lf h e r
.
,

e n e my s h o w e d pluck a n d a n s w e r e d th e c h all e n g e by pr o mp tl y

d o i n g th e s am e ; s o th at th e tw o e l e ga nt figur es i mm e d i a tely w ent

a t i t l i terally t o o th a n d n a i l for t h e y fo u g h t l i k e ca ts a n d b e
, , ,

t w e e n th e r o u n d s r e v il e d e ac h o th e r i n l a n guag e th e m o s t fil th y
th at c o uld p o s s ibly b e u tte r e d May o l o b e i n g a s l e e p i n h i s h o u s e
.
,

a n d n o o n e s e e m i n gly r e ady t o i n te rfe r e I w e n t my s e lf a n d s ep ,

” —
ar a te d th e tw o furi es D u Chai llu s A s hango L and p age 1 8 7
’ -
.
, .

N r e ly up on th e m e v e n fo r a m o m ent D o g w i t o r
o o n e c an .
,

an y s i lly r e mark w i ll s e t th e m g i ggl i n g

, A n y to y w i ll amu s e .

th e m . H i gh ly c o n c e i te d o f th e i r p e r s o n al app e ara n c e th e y ar e ,

fo r e v e r cu tti ng th e i r h a i r i n d iffe r e nt fa s hi o n s to s urp r i s e a fr i e n d ; ,

o r i f a ra
g b e th r o w n a wa y th ey w i ll all i n turn fi g h t for i t to
,
 A FR I CA N A N E CD O TE S
'
. 1 31

b in d o n th e i r h e ad s , th e n l o i n s o r s p e ar s p e ac o ck i n g
on th e i r ,

ab o ut w i th i t b efo r e th ei r ad mi ri n g c o mrad e s — Sp eke s A f r i ca

’
.
,

p age 29 .

Sh o u l d one a ny th i n g s p e ci ally t o c ommu

h app en t o h av e
n i ca te t o hi s ma s te r i n camp h e w i ll e n t e r g i ggl i n g s i dl e up to, ,

t h e p o l e o f a h u t c o mm e n c e s c ra tc hi n g h i s back w i th i t t h e n
, ,

s tr e tc h a n d ya w n a n d gr adually i n bur s ts o f l o ud la u gh te r s l i p
, , ,

d o w n t o th e gr o u n d o n hi s s t e r n w h e n h e dru m s w i th hi s h a n d s ,

o n th e to p o f a b o x u n ti l s umm o n e d t o k n o w w h a t h e h a s at h e ar t ,

w h e n h e d e l i ve r s hi m s e lf i n a p e c ul i ar ma n n e r la u gh s an d yaw n s ,

agai n a n d s ayi n g i t i s ti m e to go walk s o ff i n th e s am e w ay as

, , ,

h e cam e Sp eke s A f r i ca p age 2 9

’
.
.
,

Pr o c e e d i n g to a n o th e r c o urt w e s at i n th e sh ad e to g eth e r , ,

w h e n th e w o m e n r etur n e d aga i n b u t w e r e all dumb b e cau s e my , ,

i n te rpr e te r s dar e d n o t fo r th e i r li v e s s ay a ny thi n g e v e n o n my ,

a c c o u n t t o th e k i n g s w o m e n
, G e tti n g ti r e d I to o k o u t my
’
.
,

s k e tc h b o o k a n d dr e w L u b u ga th e p e t w hi c h a m u s e d th e k i n g
-
, ,

i mm e n s ely a s h e r e c o gn i z e d h er c o ck s c o mb
, T h en tw e n ty n ak e d .

vi rg i n s th e daugh t e r s o f W a kun gu all s m e ar e d a n d s hi n i n g w i th

, ,

gr e a s e e ach h o ld i n g a s mall s quar e o f cal i c o fo r a fig l e af march e d

,
-
,

i n a l i n e b e fo r e u s a s a fr e s h add i ti o n to t h e h ar e m w hi l s t th e
, ,

h appy fa th e r s fi o un d e r e d yau z i ggi n g o n th e gr o u n d d e li g h te d to

, ,

fin d th e i r darl i n g s appr e c i at e d by th e k i n g S ee i n g thi s d o n e i n .

s u c h a qu i e t m i ld w ay b e fo r e all my m e n w h o dar e d n o t l i ft
, ,

th e i r h e ad s to s e e i t mad e m e bur s t i nto a r o ar o f la u g h te r an d

, ,

th e k i n g cat c h i n g th e i n fe c ti o n fr o m m e laug h e d a s w e ll ; b u t th e
, ,

lau g h i n g di d n o t e n d th e r e — for th e pag e s fo r o n c e g iv i n g way

, ,

t o n a tur e k e p t bur s ti n g
,
my m e n c h uckl e d i n s udd e n g u s ts
, ,

w hi l e e v e n th e w o m e n h o ld i n g th ei r m o u th s fo r fe ar o f d e te c ti o n
, ,

r e s p o n d e d — an d w e all laug h e d to g eth e r T h en a s e da te o l d

, .

dam e r o s e fr o m th e s quatti n g ma ss o rd er e d th e v i r g in s to ri gh t ,

ab o u t an d marc h e d th e m o ff s h o w i ng th ei r s ti ll m o r e n ak e d
, ,

r e v e rs e s ”
Sp eke s A f r i ca p age 35 7
’
. .
,

A ne gr o d warf , who m ea s ur e d th r ee fe et all b ut an i nch , the

1 32 A F RI CA N A N E O B O TE S .

k e ep er o f Pr i n c e s s Mi r am s k e y s s at b e fo r e h er w i th th e i n si g ni a
’
,

o f o ffic e o n hi s s h o u ld e r a n d r i c h ly d r e s s e d i n S o uda n to b e s
, .

T hi s l i ttl e p e r s o n aff o rd e d u s a s ubj e c t o f c o n v e r s ati o n a n d m u c h

la u g h te r Mi ram i n qu i r e d Wh eth e r w e h a d s u c h l ittl e fe ll o w s i n
.

m y c o u n try ; an d w h e n I a n s w e r e d i n t h e affi r ma ti v e s h e s a i d , ,

A h gi e b w h at ar e th e y g o o d for ! D o th e y e v e r h av e c hi ld r e n !
,

I a n s w e r e d Ye s ; th at w e h a d i n s tan c es o f th e i r b e i n g fath er s to
,

tall a n d pr o p e r m e n O h w o n d e rfu l ! s h e r e pl i e d ; I th o u g h t
’
.
,

s o ; th e y m u s t b e b e tte r t h a n t hi s d o g o f m i n e ; fo r I h av e g i ve n

h i m e i gh t o f my h a n d s o m es t an d y o u n g e s t s lav e s b u t i t i s all to ,

n o pu r p o s e I w o uld g i v e a h u n dre d b u ll o ck s a n d t w e n ty s lav e s

.

to th e w o m a n w h o w o u ld b e ar thi s w r e tc h a c h i ld Th e wr e t c h ’
.
,

a n d a n u gly wr e tc h h e w a s s h o o k h i s larg e h e a d g r i n n e d a n d , , ,

s l o bb e r e d c o p i o u s ly fr o m h i s e x te n s i v e m o n th a t th i s fla tt e ri n g ,

pro o f o f h i s m i s tre s s parti al i ty — D enham s A f r i ca Vol III

’
.
’
, . .
,

p age 3 .

Th e i r s upr e m e h app i ne s s c o n si s ts i n h av i n g an ab u n da n c e o f
m e at A sk i n g a m an w h o w a s m o r e g r av e a n d th o u gh tful th a n
.
,

h i s c o mpa n i o n s w h a t w a s th e fi n e s t s i g h t h e c o u ld d e s i r e h e
, ,

i n s t a n tly r e p l i e d A g r e a t fi r e c o v e r e d w i th p o ts full o f m e a t ’
, ,

add i n g H o w ugly th e fir e l o o k s w i th o u t a p o t !
,

ca, p a
ge 306 .

T hey ar e v e ry
p er s ti ti o u s i n s o m e th i n g s o n e o f w h i c h i s
su , ,

th a t if th e y k n o w a n yb o dy b o i l s th e s w e e t m i lk w h i c h th e y buy
o f th e m th e y w i ll n o t fo r a ny c o n s i d e ra ti o n s e ll t h a t p e r s o n a n
, , y ,

m o r e b e cau s e th e y s ay th at b o i l i n g th e m i lk mak e s th e c o w s
,

dry ”
. Moor e s I nlan d Pa r ts of A f ri ca p age 35
.
’

, .

uri n g m y ab s en c e a Fr e n ch cap tai n w h o w a s o n e o f o u r

D , ,

m o s t a tte n tiv e fri e n d s h a d l e ft a d o n k e y w h i c h h e br o u g h t

, ,

fro m th e Cap e d e V er ds fo r my e s p e c i al d e l e ctati o n I at o n c e

, .

r es o lv e d to b es to w th e l o n g c are d c o n v e n i e n c e o n Pri nc e Fr e e -

m an n o t o n ly a s a typ e b u t a tes ti m o n i al ; ye t b e fo r e a w e e k
, , ,

w as o v e r t h e u n l u c ky q u adr u p e d r e app e ar e d a t m y q u arte r s

, ,

wi th a m e ss ag e fro m th e pri n c e th a t i t m i g ht do w e ll e n o u g h for ,

1 34 EA IL UR E OF MIS S I O N A R Y EN TE R PRIS ES .

C HA PT ER XXV .

U TTER F A IL U R E A N D IN U TI L I T Y O F A LL MI SS IO N A R Y EN TER PR ISES

IN N EG R O L A N D .

TH E A u stri a n s ta ti o n o f S t C ro i x c o n s i s ts o f ab o u t
m i ssi o n -
.

t w e n ty gra s s h u ts o n a p a tc h o f dry gro u n d cl o s e t o th e r i v e r .

Th e c h u rc h i s a s mall h u t b ut n e a tl y7 arra n g e d , H e rr Mo r la n g .
,

c hi e f o f th e e s tabl i s h m e nt ack no wl e dg e d w i th gre a t fe el i ng th at

, , ,

th e m i s s i o n w a s ab s o lu te ly u s el es s am o n g s u c h s avag e s ; t h a t h e
h ad w o rk e d w i th muc h z e al fo r ma n y y e ar s b ut th a t th e n ati v es ,

w er e u tte rly i mprac ti cabl e T h e y w ere far b el o w th e bru te s a s

.
,

t h e la tte r s h o w s i g n s o f a ff e c ti o n to th o s e w h o ar e k i n d to th e m ;
w h i l e th e n a ti v es o n th e c o n trary ar e u tte rly o b tu s e to all fe e l
, ,

i n g s o f gra ti tud e H e d e s cri b e d th e p e o pl e a s ly i n g an d d e c e i t

.

ful to a s up e rlati v e d e gre e ; th e m o r e th e y r e c e i v e th e m o r e th ey

d e s i re b ut i n r e tur n th e y w i ll do n o th i n g T w e n ty o r th i r ty o f
, .

th e s e d i s gu s ti n g a s h s m e ar e d s tark n ak e d bru tes arm e d w i th

,
-
,
-
,

club s o f h ard w o o d bro ugh t to a p o i n t w er e ly i n g i dl y ab o u t th e ,

s ta ti o n . N e ar by ar e th e grav e s o f s e v e ral m e mb e r s o f
th e m i s si o n w h o h av e l e ft th ei r b o n e s i n thi s h o rr i d la n d w hil e
, ,

n o t o n e c o n v e rt h as b e e n mad e fr o m th e m i s s i o n o f S t C ro i x . .

B aker s G r eat B as in of the N i le p age 5 3

’
, .

Th e s tate of th e Ea st A
fri can h e ath e n th ei r i nd iffer en c e to ward
-
,

all th at i s s p i r i tual o r to any pro g r e s s i n m e re h u ma n affai rs (th e y

,

a r e a s R e bma n n r i g h tly s ay s
, pro fi ta bl e i n n o thi n g e i th e r to
, ,

G o d o r to th e may e a s ily b e g e t i n th e h e art o f a m i s s i o n

a r y a m oo d o f d i s app o i n tm e n t i n w hi ch h e w o u ld s ay w i th , ,

I s a i ah I h av e lab o r e d i n vai n ; I h av e s p e n t my s tr e n g th for

,
‘

n o u g h t a nd i n va i n
, Kr apf s Af r i ca p age 5 07
’
,
.

fo r w ard th e k i ng b e g an to d e v e l o p h i s tr e ac h
Fro m th i s ti m e
er o u s c h arac t e r pr o m i s i n g i n th e h o p e o f pr es e n ts to pro m o te m y
, , ,

j o u r n e y t o U n i am e s i w h il e all th e w h i l e h e h a d r e s o lv e d to pre v e n t
,

i t Ex to rti o n to o fo ll o w e d up o n e x to rti o n —h i s m agic ia n W e ssi ri

.
, , , , ,
 FA IL UR E OF M IS S I O N A R Y EN TE R PR IS E S . 1 35

S p e ak i n g an d acti n g i n th e k i n g s n am e I s aw th e s to ck o f ’
.

g o o d s w hi ch I h a d i n te n d e d fo r U n i am e s i g r ad u ally m el ti ng
away ; an d w h en by o rd e r o f th e k i n g I w as o bl i g e d to par t w ith
, ,

p i e c e afte r p i e c e o f th e cal i c o w hi c h I h a d r e s e rv e d fo r my fur th er

j o urn ey I c o uld n o t s uppr es s my te ar s Th e k i ng o b s e rv e d t h e m
, .
,

a n d a s k e d th e cau s e VVe s s ir i r e pl i e d th a t I w e p t b e c au s e o f th e
.

l o s s o f my g o o d s ; w h e n I r ej o i n e d th a t I w a s n o t w e ep i n g o n
th at acc o u n t b ut b e cau s e th e thi n g s h a d b e e n g i v e n m e by
,

g o o d p eo pl e at h o m e w h o w i sh e d to s en d th e Bo o k o f L i fe to all
,

A fri ca n s w i th w hi c h o bj e c t I h ad mad e th e j o u rn e y ; w h er e a s I
,

w a s n o w d epri v e d o f my pr o p e r ty a n d th e g o o d d e si g n o f m y ,

fri en d s w a s d efe ate d — Kr apj s E as ter n A f r i ca p age 2 60 ’

, .

A cl er gy ma n o f th e Ch urch o f En gla n d th e R ev Th o ma s , .

T h o mp s o n pro c ee d e d to th e G o ld Co a s t i n 1 75 1 w i th th e v i e w
, ,

o f a tte mp ti n g th e i ntr o duc ti o n o f th e Ch ri s ti a n r e l i g i o n He r e .

m ai n e d ch ap l a i n at th e C a s tl e fo r fo ur y e ar s an d br o ugh t h o m e ,

a few n ati v e s fo r e duca ti o n o n e o f wh o m Ph i lip Q uaco e w a s e du , , ,

c ate d a t Oxfo rd a n d w a s afte r w ard c h apla i n at C ap e C o a s t fo r

,

th e l o n g s pa c e o f fifty y e ar s N o r e s u l t fo ll o w e d h i s l ab o r s It . .

i s e v e n s ai d t h at a t th e appr o ach o f d e ath h e h a d r e c o ur s e to

, ,

feti ch prac ti c e s ”
Cr u i cks han lc s Af r i ca Vo l I p age 1 8 3
.
’
, . .
, .

Th e m o s t i mp o rta nt an d i n te r esti n g p o rti o n o f th e la st num

b er o f th e J o ur n al o f th e A n th r o p o l o g i cal S o c i e ty o f L o n d o n i s th e
‘ ’

di s c u s s i o n b e fo r e th e A n th r o p o l o g i c al S o c i e ty o n th e e ffo r t s o f
"

m i s s i o n ari es am o n g s avag es — a d i s cu s s i o n i n a u g u ra te d by Mr ,
.

NVi n w o o d R e ad e au th o r o f S avag e A fri ca w h o s ta te d a s th e

, ,
’
,

r es ul t o f hi s o b s e rva ti o n i n Eq u ato ri al A fri ca th at m i s s i o n ary e f ,

fo rts w e r e to tal failur e s e v e n w h en d i r e cte d by m e n e mi n e n tl y

,

qual ifi e d for th e t a s k S o far fr o m pr o fe s s i n g Ch r i s ti a n s am o n g

.
’

n e gr o es b e i ng b e tte r th a n th e h e a th e n th e y w e r e i f p o s s i bl e , , ,

w o rs e . In pla i n w o rd s s ai d Mr R e ad e
‘
I fo u n d th at e v e ry
,
’
.
,
‘

Ch r i s ti a n n e g r e s s w a s a pr o s ti tu te a n d th a t e v e ry Ch ri s ti a n n e gr o ,

w a s a thi e f Mr W alk e r o f fo u r te e n y e ar s G ab o o n e xp e ri e n c e
.
’
.
,
’
,

c o n firm e d thi s te s ti m o n y C ap ta i n Bur to n i n a v e r y fo rc ibl e .

,

s p e e ch ,
fo ll o w e d s u i t g i vi n g th e r e s u l t o f h i s o b s e rvati o n s n ot
, ,

m e r ely in A fri ca b u t i n Wes te rn I n d i a th e pra i ri e tri b es o f

, ,
 1 36 FA IL UR E OF MI S S I O N A R Y EN TE R PRI S E S .

A m eri ca an d tr o p i cal A fr i ca g en e rally ; m i s s i o n ary e ffo rts h e

, ,

s a i d b e i n g fa i lur e s all
, Th e fo ll o w i n g i s c h a r ac te ri s ti c
.

‘
A V E R Y D EA R PE R SO N T O US — W i th th e la s t A fri ca n .
’

o r Mo m b a s m i s s i o n I am p e r s o n ally acqua i n te d Ye ar s ago .

thi s ill fate d e s tabl i s h m e n t h a d s p e n t a s u m O f

-
an d

w h at w e re th e r es u l ts ! In 1 8 5 7 w h en c all i n g at th e m i s ,

s i o n ar y s ta ti o n O f R ab b a i Mp i a n e ar Mo m b as I w as i n fo rm e d , ,

th a t a w i ld l o o k i n g n e gr o
-
w h o s e p e cul i ar l o o k s cau s e d m e
,

t o ge t my b o w i e k n i fe h a n d y w a s -
a v e ry d e ar p e r s o n to u s ;
,
‘

h e i s o u r firs t a n d o n ly c o n v e rt Ye s add e d th e h u s ba n d w i th
.
’
,
’
,

a n am o u nt O f s i mpl i c i ty w hi c h m i gh t pr o v o k e a s m i l e b u t fo r t h e

m e la n ch o ly th o ugh t th at i t br e e d s a n d h e w a s p r epar e d fo r ,

C h ri sti a n i ty by an a tt ack O f i n s a n i ty cau s e d b y t h e d e a th o f all ,

” —
h i s r e lati o n s and la s ti n g five ye ars
, L ondon D i sp atch July 1 6 .
, ,

1 8 65 .

Mr Ph i ll ip s
. b e o ku ta w i th th e r e s t o f th e m i s s io n ar i es i n
, O fA ,

C e n tral A fr i c a h av e b e e n e xp e ll e d fr o m th e c o u n try s u ff e ri n g
, ,

th e l o s s O f t h e i r e n ti r e p r o p e r ty Mr Ph ill i p s i s a t L ag o s i n a . .

d es titu te c o n d iti on — N ew Yor k Tr i bu ne F ebru a ry 1 1 1 868

.
”
, ,
.

Th e C a th o l i c m i ss io nari e s th r e ate n e d th e n a ti v es w i th h ell

fir e i f t h e y r e fu s e d t o ad o p t th e marri ag e s y s te m O f t h e Ch r i s ti a n s .

Th e n a ti v e s r epl i e d th a t th e y w e r e qu ite c o n te nt to go w h e r e th e i r
fath e r s h a d g o n e b e fo re th e m But th e fir m es t o pp o n e nts o f th es e
.

i nn o va ti o n s w e r e th e w o m e n ; an d a s e v e ry o n e k n o w s a pri e s t , ,

h o o d i s o n ly p o w e r fu l w h e n s u pp o r te d o n fe mal e p illar s Th e .

lad ies O f th e c o u rt w h o d e sp i s e d th e m o nk s o n acc o u n t o f th ei r

,

c h a s ti ty d e term i n e d to t ak e adva n tag e o f this p i o u s w e ak n es s

,
.

A cc o rd i n gly th e y c h o s e a ri vu l e t w hi c h fl o w e d b e fo r e th e g ard e n
,

O f th e m i s s i o n ari e s a s th e i r plac e o f ba thi n g an d t h e r e e x hi b i te d

, ,

t h e m s e lv es d u r i n g th e w h o l e day O ften i n v e ry i n d e c e n t a tti tu d e s, .

Th e a ffl i c te d fa th e r s la i d th e i r d i s tr e s s b e fo r e th e k i n g b u t s o o n ,

fo u n d th e e v i l d o ubl e d by th i s pro o f o f th e e ff e ct w h i c h i t h ad p r o
du c e d ”
Bea de s S a vage A f r i ca p age 4 4 2
’
. , .

Th ey dr ead a s up erh um an p o wer , an d th ey fear an d w o rship

1 38 M IS CE L L A N EO US PE C UL IA RI TIE S , HA BI TS , E TC .

th e g o sp el b e cau s e
, th e y k n ow n o th i n g ab o u t e i th e r it or i ts b e ne
fi ts ” — L i vi n s to ne’s A r i ca
.
g f , p age 544 .

Th e t o w arm e d w i th thi e v e s an d dr u nkard s wh o s e o nly

n sw ,

O bj e c t i n li fe w as s e n s ual gra tific a ti o n N o w h e r e e l s e h ad I m e t .

w i th so ma n y i mpud e n t an d s h am e l e s s b e ggars W h en a m i s .

s i o n ary a tte mp te d to pr e ac h t o a cr o wd i n th e s tr e e ts o r mark e t ,

i t w a s v e ry c o mm o n fo r s o m e O f th e m to r e ply by layi n g t h e i r
h a n d s o n th e i r s to mach s a n d s ayi n g Wh i te m an I am
, , ,

Bo wen s Centr al A f r i c a , p age 1 01

’
.

m is si o n ari e s pra i s e th e A fr i ca n for h i s s tri c t o b s e rva n c e o f

A ll
th e S abba th H e w o uld h a ve th r e e h u n d r e d a n d s i x ty five S ab
.
-

ba th s i n th e y e ar i f p o s s i b l e a n d h e w o uld a s s c r u p ul o u s ly O b
, ,

s er v e th e m all — Bu r to n s Wa nder i n s i n Wes t A r i ca Vol I

f
’
.
g , . .
,

p a ge 266 .

In th e gr o e s o w n c o u ntry th e e ffo r ts O f th e m i s s io n ari e s for

ne
’

h u n d r e d s o f y e ar s h av e h a d n o e ff e c t ; th e m i s si o n ary g o e s away
a n d t h e p e o pl e r e lap s e i n to barbar i s m T ho ugh a p e o pl e may b e .

t aug h t th e a r ts a n d s c i e n c e s k n o w n by m o r e g ifte d n ati o n s u n l e s s ,

th e y h av e t h e p o w e r o f pr o g r es s i o n i n th e m s e lv es th e y mu s t i n ,

e vi tab ly r e lap s e i n t h e c o u r s e o f t i m e i n to th e i r fo rm e r s ta te
”
.

D u Ch aill u s A s hango L
’
-
a n d,
p a
ge 4 36 .

C H A PT ER X XVI .

MISCEL L A N EO U S PE CU L IA R ITIES , HA B ITS , MA N N ER S , AN D CU S

TO MS O F TH E N E G R O E S I N N EG R O L A N D .

T H EI R m o d e O f s al utati o n is q u i te s i n gul ar T h ey th r o w .

th e m s e lve s o n th e ir back s o n th e g r o u n d an d ro ll i n g fro m

, ,
 MI S CE L L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TI E S , HA BI TS , E TC .

si d e to s i d e s lap th e o u tsi d e o f th e i r th i g h s as e xpr e s s i o n s o f

,

th a n kful n e s s a n d w e lc o m e u tte r i n g t h e w o rd s K i n a b o mba ‘ ’

, , .

Thi s m e th o d o f s alutati o n w a s to m e v e ry d i s agre e abl e an d I ,

n e v e r c Ou l d ge t r e c o n c i l e d to i t I call e d o ut S to p — s to p ! I ‘
.
,

d o n t wa n t t h a t ! b ut th e y i mag i n i n g I w as d is s ati s fi e d o nly

’ ’
, ,

t u mbl e d ab o u t m o r e fu r i o u s ly a n d s lapp e d th ei r th i gh s w i th
,

gr e ater v i g o r Th e m en b ei n g to tally u n cl o th e d thi s p e rfo rma n c e

.
,

i mpar te d to my m i n d a pa i n ful s e n s e O f th ei r e x tr e m e d eg r ada

dati on ”
. L i vi ngs tone s A f r i ca p age 5 9 0
’
, .

Th ey fe ar all man n er O f p h a nto m s an d h av e h al f d ev el o p e d ,

-

i d e a s an d trad i ti o n s o f s o m e th i n g o r o th e r th e y k n o w n o t w h a t , .

Th e pl e a s ur e s o f a ni mal l i fe ar e e v e r pr es e n t t o t h ei r m i n d s as th e
s upr e m e g o o d
”
L ivi ngs tone s Af r i ca p age 4 7
. 7 ’
, .

S am b an z a g av e us a d etail e d
cc o u n t O f th e p ol i ti cal a ffa i rs a

O f th e c o u n tr y a n d O f Ko li m b o ta s e v i l d o i n g s a n d n e x t m o rn i n
’
, g ,

p e rfo r me d th e c e r e m ony call e d Ka s en di fo r c e m e nti n g o u r ,

’

fri en dsh i p It i s acc o mpl i sh e d th u s : Th e h a n d s o f th e parti e s ar e

.

j o i n e d (i n th i s ca s e Pi ts a n e a n d S am b a n z a w e re th e parti e s e n
gag e d ) ; s mall i n ci si o n s ar e mad e o n th e cla sp e d h a n d s o n th e ,

p i ts O f th e s to m ach O f e a c h an d o n th e r igh t ch e ek s a n d fo r eh e ad s
, .

A s mall qua n ti ty O f bl o o d i s t ak e n o ff fr o m th e s e p o i n ts i n b o th
parti e s by m e a n s O f a s talk o f gra s s Th e bl o o d fro m o n e p ers o n .

i s p u t i n to a p o t O f b ee r a n d th a t O f th e s e c o n d i n to a n o th e r ;
,

e ac h th e n dri nk s th e o th e r s bl oo d a n d th e y ar e s upp o s e d to b e
’
,

c o m e p erp etual fri en d s o r r el ation s — L i vi ngs tone s Af ri ca p age .

’
,

5 25 .

Th ech i eftai n ship i s e l e c ti v e fro m c e rta i n fam il i e s A m on g .

th e Ba n gala s O f th e Ca s s a n g e vall e y th e c h i e f i s c h o s e n fr o m th r e e
fam il i e s i n r o tatio n A ch i e f s bro th e r i nh e ri ts i n pre fe r e n c e to hi s
.
’

son . Th e s o n s o f a s i s te r b e l o n g t o h e r b r o th e r ; a n d h e O fte n
s e ll s hi s n e p h e w s to pay h i s d e b ts By th is a n d o t h e r u n n a tu ral.

c u s t o m s m o r e th a n by war
, i s th e s lav e ma r k e t s uppl i e d
,
Th e -
.

prej ud i c e s i n fav o r O f th e s e practi c e s ar e v e ry d e eply r o o te d i n

th e n a ti v e m i n d Ev e n a t L o a n d a th e y r e ti r e o u t O f th e c i ty i n
.
 140 M I S CE L L AN E O US PE C UL IA RI TIE S , HA BI TS , E TC .

o rd er to p erfo rm th ei r h e ath e ni sh ri te s w i th o u t th e c o g ni z a n c e o f
th e au th o r i ti e s T h e i r r e l i g i o n i f s uch i t may b e call e d i s o n e O f
.
, ,

dre ad N u mb er s O f ch arm s ar e e mpl oy e d to av e rt th e e v i l s w i th

.

w h i ch th ey fe e l th e m s e lv e s to b e e n c o mpa s s e d Occa s io n ally yo u .

m e et a m an m o re cau ti o u s o r m o r e tim i d th an th e r e s t w i th
, ,

t w e n ty o r th i rty c h arm s r o u n d hi s n e ck H e s e e m s t o a c t up o n
.

th e pr i n c i pl e O f Pr o clu s i n h i s pray e r to all th e g o d s a n d go d

,

d e s s e s ; am o ng s o many h e s ur ely mu s t h av e th e ri gh t o n e Th e .

di s r es p e c t w hi c h Eur o p e a n s pay to th e O bj e c ts O f th e i r fe ar i s to
th e i r m i n d s o n l y a n e v i d e n c e o f g r eat fo ll y L i vi ngs ton e s A f r i ca
’
.
,

p age 4 71 .

A ll th e Ba to ka tri b e s curi o u s cu s to m o f k n o ck i n g
fo ll o w th e
o u t th e upp e r fro n t t e e th a t th e a ge O f pub e r ty T hi s i s d o n e b y .

b o th s e x e s ; an d th o u g h th e u n d e r te e th b e i n g r e l i e v e d fro m th e
,

a ttri ti o n o f th e upp e r gro w l o n g an d s o m ewh a t b e nt o u t a n d

, ,

th e r e by ca u s e th e u n d er lip t o pr o trud e i n a m o s t u n s i g h tly way ,

n o y o u n g w o ma n th i n k s h e r s elf acc o mpl i s h e d u n ti l s h e h a s go t

r i d O f th e u pp e r i n c i s o r s T h i s cu s to m g i v e s all th e Ba to ka a n
.

u n c o u th O l d m an l ik e app e ara n c e T h e i r laug h i s h i d eo u s ; yet

,
- -
.

th e y ar e s o a ttac h e d to i t th a n e v e n S e b i tu a n e w a s u n abl e to e r a di
ca te th e prac ti c e H e i ss u e d o rd e r s th at n o n e O f th e c h i ldre n
.

l i vi ng u n d e r h i m s h o uld b e s u bj e c te d to th e cu s to m by th ei r
par e n ts an d d i so b e d i e n c e to h i s ma n date s w as u s u ally pu n is h e d
,

w i th s e v e r i ty ; b u t n o tw i th s ta n d i n g th is th e c hildre n w o ul d ap
, ,

p e ar i n th e s tr e ets w i th o u t th ei r i n ci s o r s an d n o o n e w o uld c o n
,

fess to th e d e e d W h e n qu e s ti o n e d r e s p e c tin g th e o ri g i n o f thi s

.

practi c e th e Bato ka r e ply th at th ei r O bj e c t i s to b e l i k e o x e n a nd

, ,

th o s e w h o r e ta i n th ei r te eth th e y c o n s i d e r to r e s e mbl e z e bra s .

Wh eth e r thi s i s th e tr u e r e a s o n o r n o t i t i s difli eu lt t o s ay ; b u t i t

,

i s n o ti c e abl e th at th e v en e ra ti o n fo r o x e n w h i c h pr e va i l s i n ma ny
tri b es s h o uld h e r e b e a s s o c i ate d w i th h atr e d to th e z e bra as am o n g ,

th e Bakw a i ns ; th a t t h i s o p e ra ti o n i s p e rfo rm e d a t t h e s am e a ge
th a t c i rcumc i s i o n i s i n o th er tri b es ; a n d th at h e r e th a t c e r e m o n y
i s u nk n o w n Th e cu s to m i s s o u n i v e r s al th a t a p e r s o n w h o h a s
.

h i s te e th i s c o n s i d e r e d ugly an d o cca si o n ally w h e n th e Ba to ka

, ,

b o r r o w e d my l o o k i n g gla s s th e d i s parag i n g r e m a r k w o u ld b e
-
,

mad e r e sp e c ti n g b o y s o r g irl s w h o s ti ll r e tai ne d th ei r t e e th L o ok ,

at th e gr e a t te e th ! S o m e o f th e Mako lo lo giv e a m o r e fac e ti o u s

 142 M I S CE L L A N EO US PE C UL IA RI TI E S , HA BI TS , E TC .

W h e n m e at i s n o t atta i n abl e an d g o o d water i s s carc e th e ,

A fri c a n s e v e r s o n e O f th e j u gular s o f a bull o ck a n d fa s te n s up o n i t

like a l e e c h T h i s cu s to m i s c o mm o n i n Kar a gw ah a n d th e o th e r
.

n o rth e r n k i n gd o m s ; a n d s o m e t ri b e s l ik e th e XVa mj ika n e ar , ,

Mo i n b a s ah c h urn th e bl o o d w i th m i lk
,
” —
Bur ton s Af r i ca .
’
,

p age 4 63

A ll th e th o ugh ts gr oids ar e c onn e cte d w ith th i s li fe

O f th e ne .

A h ! th e y e xcla i m
’
i t i s bad t o di e ! to l e av e O fi e a ti n g a n d
'
‘ ‘
,

d ri nk i n g n e v e r t o w e ar a fi n e cl o th !
, A s i n th e n e gr o rac e ge n
er ally th e i r d e s truc ti v e n e s s i s pr o m
, i n e n t ; a s lav e n e v e r br e ak s a
th i n g wi th o u t a n i n s ti n c ti v e laug h o f pl e a s ur e ; a n d h o w e v e r car e ,

ful h e may b e O f h i s o w n l i fe h e d o es n o t valu e th a t o f a n o th e r

, ,

e v e n O f a r e la ti v e a t th e pri c e o f a g o a t
, D uri n g fi re s i n th e to w n
.

o f Z a n z i bar th e black s h av e b e e n s e e n add i n g f ue l a n d s i n g i n g

, ,

a n d d a n ci n g w i ld w i th d el i g ht
, O n s u c h o c c a s i o n s th e y a r e s h o t
.

” —
d o w n b y th e A rab s l ik e d o g s Bur ton s A f r i ca p age 4 9 3
.
’
, .

In th e ab s e n c e O f all r efi ne d pl e a sures vari o u s ru de s p o rts ar e ,

pur s u e d w i th e ag e r n es s an d al m o st w i th fury Th e m o s t fav o r

, .

i te i s wr e s tl i n g w h i c h t h e c h i e fs d o n o t p r a c ti s e i n p e r s o n b u t
, ,

t ra i n th ei r s lav es t o e x hi b i t i n i t a s o u r j o c k e y s d o gam e c o ck s -
,

t ak i n g th e s am e pri d e i n th e i r pr o w e s s a n d v i c to ry D e a th o r .

mai mi n g h o w e v e r i s n o u n fr e qu en t r e su l t O f th e s e e n c o u nte rs
, , .

Th e lad i es e v e n O f ra n k e n gag e i n a n o th e r v e ry o dd s p e c i es o f
, ,

c o n te s t Placi n g th e m s e lv es back to ba c k th e y cau s e parti cular

.
,

parts to s tri k e to g e th e r w i th th e m o s t v i o l e n t c o ll i si o n w h e n s h e ,

w h o ma i n t ai n s h er e qu il ib r i um w hi l e t h e o th e r l i e s s tr e tc h e d i s
, ,

pr o cla i m e d v i cto r w i th l o ud c h e ers ”

Mur r ay s A f ri can D i s cover .
’

i es , p age 1 4 5 .

A fte r th e h e at day w as o v er Ya n o Chi e f O f Ki ama

O f th e , , ,

cam e a tten d e d by all h i s trai n Th e m o st e x tra o r d i n ary p e rs o n s

,
.

i n i t w e r e h i m s elf an d th e b e ar e r s o f h is s p e ars w h i c h as b e fo r e , , ,

w e r e s i x n ak e d y o u n g g i rl s fro m fifte en to s e v en t e e n y e ar s O f age

,
.

Th e o n ly thi n g th e y w o r e w as a fill e t o f w h i te c l o th r o u n d th e
fo reh ead ab o ut six i n ch es of th e e n d s flying b ehi n d a nd a stri n g
, ,
 MI S CE L L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TI E S , HA BI TS , E TC. 143

of b e ad s ro u n d th e ir w ai s ts ; i n th ei r r igh t h an d s th e y ca r ri e d thr e e
l i g h t s p e a r s e ac h T h e i r l i g ht fo rm th e v i vac i ty O f th e i r e y e s
.
, ,

a n d th e e a s e w i th w hi c h th e y app e ar e d t o fly o v e r t h e g r o u n d ,

mad e th e m app e ar s o m e th i n g m o r e th a n m o rtal a s th e y fl e w al o n g

s i d e O f h i s h o u s e w h e n h e w a s gall o p i n g a n d mak i n g h i s h o r s e
,

c u rv e t a n d b o un d A m an w i th an i mm e n s e bu n dl e o f s p e ar s r e
.

mai n e d b eh i n d at a l i ttl e d i s ta n c e appa r e n tly to s e rv e a s a maga

,

z i n e fo r th e g i r l s to b e s u ppl i e d fr o m w h e n th e i r ma ste r h a d e x
p en d e d th o s e th ey carri ed i n th ei r h a nd s ”
Clap p er i on s A f r i ca .
’
,

Vo l I V , p age 2 1 4
. . .

m o m e nt o n e o f th ei r l ucky o m e n s t o o k plac e My
A t th a t .

s e rva n t w h o h a d a ss i s te d i n bri n gi n g th e pr e s e n ts go t up to r e
, ,

c ei ve th e G o o r a n u ts pr e s en t e d to m e by t h e g o v e r n o r s o rd e r s ;
’

a n d i n r i s i n g h e o v e r t urn e d a p o t o f h o n e y w h i c h h a d al s o b e e n

g i v e n to u s b ut w i th o u t br e ak i n g i t th e h o n e y ru n n i n g o u t o n
, ,

th e fl o o r H a d th e p o t b ee n br o k e n th e o m e n w o uld h av e b e e n
.
,

u n fo r tu n a te A s i t w as th e g o v er n o r w a s h i g h ly e late d a n d
.
, ,

grac io u sly o rd e re d th e p o o r to b e call e d i n to l i ck up th e h o n e y .

T h e y i mm e d i at ely m ad e th e i r app e ara n c e e q u ally r ej o i c e d at th e ,

l ucky o m e n ; a n d up o n th e i r k n e e s q u i c kly d e s pa t c h e d th e h o n e y
, , ,

n o t h o w ev er
, w i th o u t m u c h s tri fe a n d s quabbl i n g O n e m a n
, .

cam e o ff w i th a d o ubl e all o wa n c e h app e n i n g to h av e a l o n g ,

b e ard w hi ch h e car e fu lly cl e a n e d i nto h i s h a n d fo r a bo nn e bo u che

, ,

afte r th e r e pa s t o n th e gr o u n d w a s fi ni s h e d — Clapp er ton s A f r i ca .

’
,

Vo l III . .
, p a
ge 24 2 .

c er e m o n y o f pr o strati on b e fo r e th e k i n g i s r e qu i r e d fro m
Th e
all Th e c h i e fs w h o c o m e to pay th e i r c o u r t c o v e r th e m s e lv e s
.
,

w i th du s t a n d th e n fall fl a t o n th ei r b e ll i e s h av i n g firs t prac ti s e d

, ,

th e c e r e m o n y i n o rd e r to b e p e rfe c t ”
Clapp er ton s A f r i ca Vo l
’
. .
, ,

I V , p age 2 08
. .

Th e Bo m o n es e h av e t w e nty
cu ts o r l in e s o n e ach s i d e o f the
fac e w hi c h ar e draw n fro m th e c o rn e r s o f th e m o u th to ward th e
,

a n gl e s o f th e l o w e r j aw a n d th e c h e e k b o n e ; a n d i t i s q u ite dis -

tr es si n g to w i tn ess th e to r tur e th e p o o r li ttl e c hi ldr en u n de r g o wh o

1 44 M IS CE L L A N EO US PE C UL IA R I TIE S , HA BI TS , E TC .

ar e th u s mark e d e n duri n g n o t o nly th e h e at b u t th e a tta c k s 0

, ,

m ill i o n s o f fl i es T h e y h av e al s o o n e c ut o n th e fo r e h e ad i n t h e
.

c e n tre s i x o n e ach arm s i x o n e a c h l e g an d th i g h fo u r o n e ach

, , ,

br e a s t an d n i n e o n e ac h s i d e j u s t a b o v e th e h ip s T h e y ar e
, , .
,

h o w e v e r th e m o s t h um bl e o f fe mal es n e v e r app r o a c hi n g th ei r
, ,

h u s ba n d s e xc e p t o n th ei r k n ee s ”
D enham a n d Cl ap p er ton s .
- ’

Af r i ca Vo l I II p age 1 7
, . 5 .
, .

H i s Hi g h n e s s
v o u c h s afe d thi s da y t o sl e ep i n my ten t an d ye s ,

ter day h e d i d t h e G e rma n s th e h o n o r o f s laug h te r i n g l i c e i n t h e i rs .

It i s a gra n d p i e c e o f e ti qu e tte i n th i s c o u n try th a t e v e ry m an h a s ,

th e pri v il e g e O f m u rd e r i n g hi s o w n l i c e If yo u p i ck a l o u s e O ff a .

man s s lav e yo u mu s t d eli v e r i t up i n s ta n tly to h im t o b e mur

’
,

d e r e d a s hi s u n d o ub te d ri g h t a n d pri vi l eg e —R i cha r ds on s A
f
’
.
,

r i ca , Vol I I . .
, p age 89 .

Be fo r e th e y s it d o w n to e at m eat i n c o mp any th e Kafii r s ar e ,

‘

v e ry car e fu l to i m m er s e th ei r h a n d s i n fre sh c o w du n g w i p i n g -
,

th e m o n th e gra s s w hi c h i s c o n si d e r e d th e p e rfe c ti o n O f c l ean l i

,

n es s Exc e p t a n o cca s i o n al pl u n g e i n a ri v e r th e y n e v e r wa sh
.
,

th e m s e lv e s a n d c o n s e qu e n
, tly t h e i r b o d i es ar e c o v e r e d w i th ver
mi n ” —S teedman s A r i ca Vol I
f 65
’
. a
p g e 2 , . .
, .

It i s v ery c o mm o n am o n g th e Ho tte nto ts to ca tch a s erp e nt ,

s qu e e z e o u t th e p o i s o n fr o m u n d e r hi s t e e th a n d dr i n k i t They , .

s ay i t o n ly mak e s th e m a l i ttl e g i ddy ; a n d t h e y i mag i n e i t p r e

s e rv e s th e m afte rward s fr o m r e c e i v i n g a ny i nj ury fr o m th e s ti n g

o f th a t r ep ti l e Ca mp bell s A f r i c a p age 4 01
’
. .
,

A s p e o pl e o f N a m ac qu a w h e n th e i r s o n s ar e d eclar e d
fo r th e ,

t o b e m e n th e y e r e c t a s h ad e k i ll a n a n i mal a n d t i e i ts fat o n h i s
, , ,

h e ad a n d r o u n d hi s n e c k w h i c h a c c o r d i n g to c u s to m h e m u s t
, , ,

w e ar ti ll i t gradually ro ts a n d fall s O ff Th e y l ik e w i s e c u t s e v e r al .

s tr o k e s o n hi s br e a s t w i th a s h arp i n s trum e n t Th e e n tr a i l s o f th e .

a ni mal w hi c h w a s k i ll e d at th e c o mm e n c e m e nt O f th e c e r e m o n y ,

b ein g dri e d an d p o u n d e d i n to a p owd e r ar e n o w m i x e d w tih ,

146 M IS CE L L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TI E S , H A BI TS , E TC.

“
Muc h gl e ct s ee m s to pr e vai l at th e ti m e o f th e b i r th O f
ne

mal e childr e n r es p e cti n g th e s eparati o n O f th e u m b i l i cal c o rd

, .

Ma n y b oy s a n d e v e n m e n may b e s e e n wi th pr o trud i n g n av e l s
, ,

a s lar g e a s a d uck s e gg D unca n s A f r i ca Vo l I p age 80

” ’ ’
. .
, .
, .

V e ry li ttl e ys te ma ti c c ontr o l i s e x e rc i s e d by e i th e r par en t ;

s

a n d th e c h i ldr e n ar e fo r th e m o st par t u tte rly d i s o b e d i e n t a n d

, ,

r e ckl e s s O f par e nt al au th o ri ty A s th ey ar e t au g h t i n th ei r
.

e arl i es t i n fa n cy to s te al an d li e an d to i n dulg e i n o th e r g r o s s
,

vi c es n othi n g b e tt e r c o uld b e e xp e c te d
, O n e m o s t cr u e l pu ni s h .

m e n t i nfl i c te d up on th ei r chi ldr e n w h en th e y c an n o l o n g e r b e ar
,

w i th th e m i s to rub r e d p epp e r i n th ei r e y es — S cott s D ay

, .
’

D awn i n A f r i ca , p age 4 9 .

Th e O b b o a ti v es ar e s i mi lar to th e Bari i n s o m e o f th ei r
n

h ab i ts . I h av e h ad gr e at d iffi cul ty i n br e ak i n g my c o w k e e p e r o f -

h i s d i s g u s ti n g cu s to m o f wa sh i n g th e m i lk b o wl wi th c o w s uri n e -
’
,

a n d e v e n mi x i n g s o m e w i th t h e m i lk ; h e d e clar e s th a t u nl e s s h e ,

wa sh e s h is h a n d s wi th s u ch wate r b e fo r e m i lki ng th e c o w w i ll ,

l o s e h er m ilk ”
. Ba ker s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le p age 2 58
’
, .

Th e e nti ercr o wd w er e m o st gr ot e s qu ely g o tte n up b ei ng ,

dr e s s e d in e i th e r l e o pard o r w h ite m o n k ey s k i n s w i th c o w s tai l s ,

’

s trapp e d o n b ehi n d a n d a ntel o p es h o r n s fi tte d u p o n th ei r h e ad s

’
, ,

w h i l e th ei r ch in s w e r e o rn am e n te d w ith fal s e b e ard s mad e o f th e ,

bu sh y e n d s O f c o w s t a il s s ew e d to g et he r A l to g e th e r I n e v er
’
.
,

s aw a m o r e u n e a r th ly s e t o f cr e a tur e s ; t h e y w e r e p e rfe c t i llu s tra

ti o n s O f my c h i ld i s h i d e a s O f d e vil s h o rn s t a i l s an d all e x
,
-
, , ,

c ep ti n g th e h o o fs ; th e y w e r e o u r e s c o rt ! furni sh e d b y K i n g
Kam r a s i to acc o mpa ny u s to th e lak e ”
Baker s G r eat Bas i n o .
f
-
’

the N i le, p age 32 1 .

Th e w o m e n c on tin u e to p erfo rm th e s e v e r est lab o rs u ntil th e

v e ry la s t m o m ent O f th ei r ti m e Th e y g i v e b i rth t o children w i th
.

o u t u tter i n g a c o mpl ai n t an d o n e w o uld alm os t b e l i e v e th a t th ey

,
 MIS CEL L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TI ES , HA BI TS , E TC .

ar e d eli v er e d w i th o u t pai n , fo r on th e fo l l o w i n g day th e y r e sum e

th ei r u s ual o ccupati o n s Ca i lli e s A f r i ca , Vo l I 35 1
” ’
age
. .
p .

Th e w o m e n O f Bambara w h o w e re e xc e e d i n gl y dirty h av e , ,

all a b i t o f calaba sh o r a th i n s l i p o f w o o d s tu c k i nto th e u n d e r

, ,

l ip. I c o uld s carc ely p e rs uad e my s e lf th a t this w a s a m e re matte r

O f t a s te a n d qu e s ti o n e d my gu i d e u p o n th e s ubj e c t ; h e a ss ur e d
,

m e th at i t w as th e fa s h i o n O f th e c o u n tr y I w a s e qually a t a l o s s .

to c o n c e i v e h o w thi s b i t o f w o o d w hi c h w a s m e r e ly s tuck th r o ugh ,

t h e l i p c o uld k ee p i ts plac e
, Th e w o m e n all o w e d m e to s e e t h at
.

thi s cur i o u s o r n am e nt w as br o ugh t th r o ug h t o th e i n n e r par t o f

th e l ip a n d th e y laug h e d h e ar ti ly at my a sto n i sh m en t
, I a sk e d .

o n e o f th e m t o r e m o v e th e p i e c e O f w o o d fr o m h er l ip ; b u t s h e

t ol d m e th at if s h e di d s o th e s al i va w o uld r u n th r o ug h th e h o l e .

In s h o r t I w as qu i te amaz e d th at c o qu e try c o uld i n duc e th e m to

,

di s figur e th e m s e lv es i n th i s ma n n e r ; yet i t i s th e g en e ral cu s to m

o f thi s c o u n try I s aw y o u n g gi rl s e i gh t o r ten y e ars O f age w h o
.
,

h a d i n th ei r l o w er lip l i ttl e p i e c e s O f w o o d o f th e c i rcumfe r e n c e

o f a p e n h o ld e r p o i nte d at o n e e n d a n d s tuck i nto th e fl e s h
-
Th ey .

r en e w i t fre qu e ntly an d e v e ry ti m e u se a larg e r b i t O f w o o d

, ,

w hi c h gradually w i d e n s th e h o l e u nti l i t b e c o m es larg e e n o ugh to ,

admi t a p i e c e O f w o o d o f th e s i z e o f a h alf cro w n p i e c e I O b -

.

s e rv e d th at thi s s i n gu lar a n d i n c o n v e n i e n t o rn am e nt c o n tri bu te d

to th ei r u n cl e an l i ness ”
Ca illi e s A f r i ca Vol I p age 37
. 4 ’
, . .

Th e mal e Ma n di ng o es ar e c i rcumci s e d b etw e en th e age o f

fifte en an d tw e nty Th e e x ci si o n w hi ch fe mal es s h o uld u n d erg o
.

w h e n th e y ar e marri ag e abl e i s O fte n d e lay e d u n ti l t he y ar e pro m

,

i s e d i n marri ag e I e v e n s aw a marri e d w o ma n w h o after h av i n g

.
, ,

a chi ld s ubm i tte d to thi s o p e rati o n It i s alway s p e rfo rm e d by

, .

w o m e n an d o n s e v e ral pati en ts at o n c e w h o ar e th e r e by r e n
, ,

d e re d fo r s o m e ti m e u n abl e to w ork In th i s s ta te th e y ar e tak e n .

car e O f by th ei r m o th e rs w h o bath e th e w o u n d s e v e ral ti m e s a

,

day w i th a n i n d ig e n o u s cau s ti c w i th th e u s e o f w h i ch th ey ar e ,

a cqua i nte d Ca i lli e s A f r i ca Vo l I p age 35 1

’ ’
. . .
, , .

In G u in e a , so me of th e cu sto m s practi s e d on w o m en ,
fter
a
1 48 M I S CE L L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TI E S , H A BI TS , E TC.

th e i rc o n fi ne m e n t ar e m o s t barbaro u s a n d i nh uma n Th e m o th er
, .

i s s e para te d fro m h e r h u s ba n d fo r a p e ri o d o f t h r e e y e ars th at ,

s h e may g i v e u n d i v i de d a tte n ti o n to h e r O ff s pri n g ; a n d i n th e ,

m e a n ti m e th e h u s ban d s uppl i e s h i m s elf wi th a n o th er p artn e r

,
”
.

Va ldez s A f r i ca , Vo l I , p age 2 1 8
’
. . .

T h ei r da n c e s ar e m e re s tepp ings and turn i n g s i n w h i ch th e re ,

i s n o th i n g grac e ful ac c o mpa ni e d by th e clapp in g o f h an d s a nd

, ,

vari o u s d i sto rti o n s an d g es tur e s ”

Valdez s A f r i ca Vol II p age .
’
, . .

344 .

O n o ur walk to th e h o u s e , w e
a w o man O f th e Bos fir s t s aw

j es m an rac e an d h ad o cular c o nv i c ti o n o f th e tru th O f all w e

,

h ad pre v i o u s ly h e ard r es p e c tin g th e u n c o mm o n ugl i n e s s O f th es e

p eo pl e parti cularly O f th e fe mal es Sh e s at m o re th an h alf n ak e d
, .
-
,

at th e e n tra n c e o f a m i s e rabl e s traw h u t n e ar a fi r e o f fr e s h ,

bru s h w o o d w h i c h e x h al e d a t erri bl e s m o k e an d vap o r an d w a s

, ,

o cc u p i e d i n s k i nn i n g a l e a n h ar e Th e gr e a sy s warthi n es s o f h e r.

s k i n h er cl o th i n g o f a ni mal hi d e s a s w e ll a s th e s avag e w i ld n es s
, ,

o f h er l o o k s a n d th e u n c o u th ma n n e r i n w hi c h s h e h a n dl e d th e
,

h ar e pr es e n te d al to g eth e r a m o s t d i s gu s ti n g s p e c tacl e
, S h e to o k .

n o fur th e r n o ti c e O f u s th a n n o w a n d th e n t o ca s t a s hy l e e r to

ward u s ”
L i chtens tei n s A f r ic a Vo l I p age 5 6
.
’
, . .
, .

T h ey g en erall y e at th ei r fl es h raw an d ch e w i t v e ry li ttl e , .

I f th e y d r es s i t th e y s carc e ly mak e i t h o t th r o u g h an d b ite i t w i th

, ,

th e i r t e e th t h e m o m e n t i t i s t ak e n o u t o f th e a s h e s Th e i n c i s i v e .

t e e th th e r e fo r e o f th e O l d Bo sj e s ma n s ar e c o mm o nly h alf w o r n
, ,

away a n d h av e o n e g e n eral fl at e dg e T h ey drin k o u t O f th e

, .

r i v e rs a n d s tre aml ets lyi n g d o wn fl at o n th ei r b elli es e ven w h e n

, ,

th e ba n k i s v e ry s te e p s o th at th e y ar e o bl i g e d t o s upp o rt th e m
,

s e lv es i n a fa ti gu i n g ma n ne r w i th th e i r arm s t o av o i d falli n g i nto ,

th e wa ter
”
L i chs ten tei n s Af r i ca Vol II p age 4 8
’
.
, . .
, .

qu e en w h o acc o mpani ed h er l ord an d wh o was de

Th e , ,

c i de dly th e u g l i est w o m an I e v e r s aw a nd v e ry O l d was c all e d , ,

1 50 M I S CEL LA N EO US PE C UL IA R I TI E S , HA BI TS , E TC .

w i th o n e child i n th e b elly an d a n o th e r at th e back w h e r e , , th ey

c o mm o n ly carry th e m ”
O gi lby s Af r i ca p age 4 66.
’
, .

Th e k i n g o f Co n g o e ats an d dri nk s i n s e cr e cy If a d o g e n .

te rs th e h o u s e w h i l e h e i s a t m e al s i t i s k i ll e d ; a n d an i n s ta n c e i s
,

r e c o rd e d O f th e ki n g s s o n h av i n g acc i d e ntally s e e n h i s fa th e r
’

d ri n k in g pal m w i n e an d o f h i s b ei n g e x ecu te d o n th e s p o t
,
”
.

Beade s S avage A f r i ca p age 2 8 6

’
, .

Wh e n ag e d b e c o m e to o w e ak to pr o vi d e fo r th e m s elv es
th e ,

a n d ar e a burd e n to th o s e w h o m th ey b r o ugh t fo r th a n d r e ar e d to

m a n h o o d th e y ar e n o t u n fr e qu e n tly aba n d o n e d by th ei r o w n
,

c h ildre n w i th a m e al O f v i c tual s an d a cru s e o f wa te r to p e ri sh

, ,

i n th e d es e rt ; an d I h av e s e e n a s mall c i rcl e s o f s tak es fa s te n e d

i n th e g ro u n d w i thi n w hi ch w e r e s till lyi n g th e b o n e s O f a par e n t
,

bl e ach e d i n th e s un w h o h ad b een th u s aban d on e d

,
” —
Mofi a t s .
’

Af r i ca p age 9 7
,

Wh en a m o th e r d i e s wh o s e i nfa nt i s n o t abl e to s hift for i t

,

s e l f i t i s w i th o u t a n y c e r e m o n y buri e d al i v e w i th th e c o rp se O f
, , ,

i ts m o th e r Mof a i s Af r i ca p age 4 8
.
” ’
, .

Th e y d e l i gh t to b es m e ar th ei r b o d i e s wi th th e fat O f a ni mal s ,

m i n gl e d w i th o c hr e an d s o m eti m e s w i th gri m e T h ey a r e u tter

, .

s tra n g e r s to cl e a n l i n e s s a s th e y n e v er wa s h th e i r b o d i e s
, bu t ,

s u ff e r th e d i r t to acc u m u late s o th a t i t w i ll h a n g a c o n s i d e rabl e

,

l e ng th fro m th e i r e lb o w s T h e i r h u ts a r e fo rm e d by d i gg i n g a
.

h o l e i n th e e arth ab o u t th r e e fe e t d e e p a n d th e n mak i n g a r o o f ,

o f r ee d s w hi c h i s h o w e v e r i n s u ffic i e n t to k e e p o ff th e ra i n s
, He re .

th e y li e cl o s e to g e th e r l i k e p i g s i n a s ty T h e y ar e e x tr e m e l y .

lazy s o th a t n oth i ng w i ll r o u s e th e m to actio n b u t e x c e s s i v e

,

h u nge r Th e y w i ll c o nti n u e s e v e ral day s to g e th e r w i th o u t fo o d

.

ra th e r tha n b e a t th e pa i n s o f p r o curi n g i t Wh e n c o mp e ll e d to .

s ally fo rth f o r pr e y th e y a r e d e x te r o u s at d e s tr o y i n g th e vari o u s

,

b e a s ts w h i ch ab o u n d i n th e c o u ntry an d th ey c an r u n alm o s t a s ,

w ell as a h o rs e Th ey ar e total s tra ng ers to d o m e sti c h app i ne s s

. .
 MI S CE L L A N E O US PE C UL IA R I TIE S , HA BI TS , E TC . 151

Th e m e n h av e v e ral wi v e s b u t c o njugal a ff e c ti o n i s l ittl e

se ,

k n o w n T h e y tak e n o gre at car e o f th e i r c hi ldr e n an d n e v e r

.
,

c o rre c t th e m e xc e p t i n a fit O f rag e w h en th ey alm o s t k i ll th e m

, ,

by s e v e r e u s ag e In a q u arr e l b e tw ee n fa th er an d m o th e r o r th e
.
,

s e v e ral w i v e s O f a h u s ba n d th e d e fe a t e d par ty wr e ak s h i s o r h e r
,

v e n g e a n c e o n th e ch ild o f th e c o n qu er o r w h i ch i n g e n e ral l o s e s ,

i ts li fe ”
Ki cher er qu oted i n Mof ai s A f r i ca p age 4 9
.
,
’
, .

Th e w o m en o f Po n g o di sfigu r e th e i r fac e s v e ry much b y

mak i n g larg e h o l e s i n th ei r e ar s an d th r o u g h th e c artilag i n o u s ,

part s O f th e n o s e W e i g h ts ar e a ttac h e d to mak e th e h o l e larg e

.

e n o u g h to pa ss th e fi n g e r th r o ug h Pi e c e s O f fat m e a t ar e fr e .

qu e n tly w o r n i n th e s e h o l e s b ut w h e th e r for o rn am ent o r fra,

g ra n e e i s no t known I i n qui r e d o f o n e o f th e m o n c e w h y s h e di d
.

i t an d r e c e i v e d th e l ac o ni c ans w e r
, My h u sb and l ikes ,
‘

Wi ls on s A f r i ca p a ge 2 8 8
’
, .

Th e p e r son O f th e Ki n g o f L o an g o i s s acr e d an d h e i s i n , ,

c o ns e qu e n c e s ubj e c te d to s o m e v e ry s i ngular rul e s e sp e ci ally i n

, ,

c o n n e ctio n w i th h i s e ati n g an d d ri nk i n g T h er e i s o n e O f h i s .

h o u s e s i n w hi c h al o n e h e c an e at an d a n o th e r w h e r e al o n e h e c an
,

dr i n k W h e n th e c o v e r e d d i sh e s w h i ch c o ntai n hi s fo o d ar e car
.

r i e d i nto th e e ati n g h o u s e a cri e r pro cla i m s i t a n d e v e ryb o dy g ets

-
, ,

o u t o f th e way as qu i ck a s p o s s ibl e Th e d o o r s ar e th e n car efull y .

cl o s e d an d b o l te d an d any p er s o n th at s h o uld s ee th e k i n g i n th e
,

a c t o f e a ti n g w o uld b e p u t t o d e a th Pr o yart m e n ti o n s th e fac t .

t h at a fav o ri te d o g w a s i mm e d i a te ly p u t t o d e a th fo r l o o k i n g u p
i n to h i s ma s te r s fac e w hi l e e a ti n g A n o th e r i s m e n ti o n e d O f a
’
.

c hild t h at w a s acci d entally l eft i n th e b a n qu eti n g ro o m O f th e ki n g -

by h i s fa th e r an d w h o a w o k e an d acci d e n tally s aw th e k i n g e at
,

i ng . It w a s s par e d five o r s i x day s at th e e arn es t r e qu e s t o f i ts ,

fath er b u t w as th e n p u t to d e ath an d i ts bl o o d s pri nkl e d up o n th e

, ,

ki n g s fe ti ch O th er s m i gh t b e pr e s e n t w h e n th e k i n g dra nk b ut
’
.
,

th e y w e r e b o u n d to c o n c e al th e i r fac e s In l i k e ma n n e r n o o n e i s .

all o w e d to d ri n k i n th e k i n g s pr e s e n c e w i th o u t turni n g th eir’

back s to h im Wi ls on s Af r i ca p age 309

.
’
, .

Th e Kin g of D ah o m i is one of th e m ost ab s olute tyr ants in

1 52 T
H U S , H O VE L S , A N D H O L E S IN N EG R OL A N D .

th e w o rld ; b e i ng r e gard e d as a d e mi go d by h i s o wn s ub
an d , -

j ec ts ,hi s ac ti o n s ar e n e v e r qu es ti o n e d N o p e r s o n e v e r a p .

h hi m — e v e n hi s fav o r ite ch i e fs — w i th o u t pr o stra ti n g

p r o ac es , ,

t h e m selv e s at full l e n g th o n th e gr o u n d an d c o v e ri n g th ei r fac es ,

a n d h e ad s w i th e ar th It i s a grav e O ff en c e to s u pp o s e th at th e
.

k i n g e ats dri nk s s l e e p s o r p e rfo rm s any O f th e o rd i nary fu n c

, , ,

ti o n s o f n atur e Hi s m e al s a r e al w ay s t ak e n t o a s e cr e t pl ac e a n d
.
,

a n y m an th a t h a s th e m i s fo r tu n e or th e t e m e ri ty t o ca s t hi s e y e s

u p o n hi m i n th e ac t i s p u t to d e a th If th e k i n g d ri nk s i n publ i c
.
,

w hi c h i s d on e o n s o m e e x tra o rd i n ary o cca s i o n s h i s p e rs o n i s c o n ,

c e a l e d by h av i n g a cur ta i n h e ld up b e fo r e hi m dur i n g w h i ch ,

ti m e th e p e o pl e pr o s trat e th e m s e lv es a n d afte rward s h o u t an d ,

ch e er at th e v ery t op O f th ei r voi c es ”
Wils on s A f r i ca p age 202
.
’
, .

C HA PT E R X X VI I .

H UTS , H O VEL S , A N D H O L ES (
BU T N O H O U SE S ) IN N EG R O L A N D .

IT i s i mp o s s i bl e to
l o o k at s o m e o f th ei r d o m i ci l e s w i th o u t th e
i n qu i ry i n v o lu n tari ly r i s i n g i n th e m i n d A r e th e s e th e ab o d es o f ,

h uma n b e i n g s ! In a b u s h y c o u n try th e y w i ll fo rm a h o ll o w i n a
,

c e n tral p o s i ti o n an d br i n g th e bra n ch e s to g e th e r o v e r th e h e ad
, .

H e r e th e m an h i s w i fe a n d pro bably a ch i ld o r tw o li e h u ddl e d

, , ,

i n a h e ap o n a l ittl e g r a ss i n a h o ll o w s p o t n o t la r g e r th a n a n o s
, ,

tr i c h s n es t
’
W h e r e b u sh e s a r e s carc e th ey fo rm a h o ll o w u n d e r
.
,

t h e e dg e O f a r o ck c o v e ri n g i t par ti ally w i th r e e d s o r gra s s a n d

, ,

th e y ar e O fte n to b e fo u n d i n fi s s ur e s a n d cav es O f t h e m o u n ta i n s .

Wh en th ey h av e abu n da n c e o f m e at th e y do n o th i n g b u t g o rg e ,

an d s l ee p da n c e a n d s i n g ti ll th e i r s to ck i s e x h a u s te d
, , Bu t h u n .

r th a t i mp e ri o u s ma s te r s o o n dri v e s h i m t o th e c h a s e I t i s
g e , , .

a s to n i s h i n g t o w h a t a d i s ta n c e th e y w i ll r un i n pur s u it O f th e a n i
m al w hi c h h as r e c e i v e d th e fa tal arro w I h av e s e en th e m o n t h e .
,

s ucc es s ful r e tur n o f a h u nti n g party th e m e r r i e s t O f th e m e r ry , ,

e x h i b i ti n g bur s ts o f e n th u s i a s ti c j o y ; w h i l e th e i r m o m e n ta r y h ap
1 54 H UTS , H O VEL S , A N D HOL ES IN N EGR OL A N D .

al so c o nfo rm to th e g en e ral practi c e o f th e A fri can n ati o ns o n thi s

part O f th e c o nti n e nt c o nte nti n g th e m s elv e s w i th s mall a nd i n
,

c o mm o d i o u s h o v el s A c i rcular mud wall ab o ut fo ur fe e t h ig h

. , ,

u p o n w h i c h i s plac e d a c o ni cal r o o f c o mp o s e d O f th e bamb o o ca n e

, ,

a n d th a tc h e d w i th gra s s fo rm s al i k e th e palac e o f th e k i n g an d
,

th e h o v e l O f th e s lav e T h ei r h o u s eh o ld furn i tur e i s e qually s i m

.

p l e . A h urdl e o f ca n e s plac e d up o n upri g h t s tak e s ab o ut t w o ,

feet fro m th e gr o u n d up o n w hi ch i s s pr e ad a m at o r bull o ck s

,
’

h i d e a n s w e rs th e purp o s e o f a b e d
,
A water j ar s o m e e ar th e n
.
-
,

p o ts fo r d r e s s i ng th ei r fo o d a fe w w o o d en b o wl s an d calab a s h e s
, ,

a n d o n e o r tw o l o w s too l s c o mp o s e th e r es t
” —
, Mu ngo Par k s l s t .
’

Jour nal , p age 31 .

Ho u s e s j otte d d o wn w itho u t any r e g ard to th e e v enn es s

ar e

o r r e gular i ty O f th e gr o u n d o n w h i c h th e y ar e e r e c te d Th e b i g .

gl e dy p i ggl e dy o rd e r O f archi te c tur e pr e va il s thr o ugh o u t ; an d th e

-

a x i o mo f Bac o n th a t a h o u s e w as m e an t to l iv e i n i s carri e d ’
,

o u t i n i ts m o s t o ri g i n al s i mpl i c i ty i n Old Kalabar A S I walk .

th r o u gh th e pa s s ag es i n te n d e d for s tr e e ts I h av e t o s crambl e o v e r ,

e m i n e n c e s an d d o w n d ecl i v i ti es i n th e b es t way I c an In a pa th .

way b etw e en tw o h o u s e s o pp o si te e ach o th e r o r p erh ap s s i d e b y ,

s i d e th e r e may b e a n a s c e n t o r a d es c e n t o f a d o z e n o r s c o r e o f
,

fe et ; an d i n w et w e ath e r i t i s i mp o s si bl e to e s cap e a fo o t bath i n -

s o m e O f th e ma n y ru ts t o b e m e t w i th as o n e g o es al o n g H e ap s .

O f d i rt an d all k i n d s O f r e fu s e a r e t h r o w n i n d i s cri m i n a t e ly th r o ug h

th e to w n as i f to all o w pa s tur e gr o u n d fo r th e ma n y turk e y buz

,
- -

z ar ds s ty l e d b y S w a i n s o n th e s cav e n g e r s o f n a tur e th a t c o n
’
, , ,

g gr e a t e u p o n t h e m an d h av e a p e rp etual carn i val i n bro w s in g

,

up o n the festeri n g o ffal Hutchi ns on s Wes ter n Af r i ca p age 1 1 6

.
’
, .

T hei r bu ild ing s g en erall y r e se mbl e th e h umbl e r s o rt o f Eng

” —
li s h c o w h o u s e o r an A n g l o In d i an bu n g al o w
-
, Bur ton s A f r i ca
-
.
’
,

p a ge 90 .

Be y o n d th e li n e mari ti m e la n d th e dw el li ng h o u s e a s sum e s
O f -

th e n o rmal A fr i ca n fo rm th e c i rcular h u t d es cri b e d by e v e ry trav

,

e ll e r i n th e i n te ri o r D r L i v i n g ston e app ears to jud g e r i ghtl y

. .
 H UTS , H O VE L S , A N D H O L E S IN N EGR OL A N D . 1 55

th a t i ts c ircularity i s th e r e s ul t O f a barb ar o u s d e fici e n cy i n i nv e nt !

i ve n e s s — Bur ton’s A ri ca , a e 25 1
f
”
.
p g .

Th e i nn e r d e o f th e ro o f i s p ol i sh e d to a s hi n y black w ith
si

smok e w hi ch w i n d s i ts way s l o wly th r o ugh th e d o o r S m ok e

, .

a n d gr e a s e ar e th e A fri ca n s c o a t a n d s mall cl o th e s ; th e y c o n tri b

’

bu te s o much to hi s h e al th an d c o mfo rt th a t h e i s by n o m e a n s
a n x io u s to ge t r i d O f th e m an d s o o ty l in e s d ep end fro m i t l ik e
,

n e gr o s talac tites
”
Bur ton s Af r i ca p age 25 3
’
-
. .
,

Th e l m ents o f th e Wak hutu ar e c o mp o s e d O f a few

s e tt e
’

s traggl i n g h o v e l s O f th e h umbl e s t d es cri p tio n w i th d o o rs l i ttl e ,

h ig h e r th a n a n En gl i s h p i g s ty an d e av e s s o l o w th a t a m a n c a n
,
~

n o t e n ter th e m e xc ep t o n all fo ur s In s h ap e th e y d iff e r s o m e

-
.
,

b ei ng s i mpl e c o n e s o th er s l ik e Eur o p e a n h ay s tack s an d o th ers

, ,

li k e o ur ol d s tra w b eehi v es ”
Bur ton s A f r i ca p age 9 7 ’
.
, .

A ll th e acc o mm o dati on s o f li fe th ro ug h o u t th i s c onti n ent ar e

s i mpl e a n d l i m i te d i n th e gr e a te s t d e gr e e
, T h e r e d o es n ot pr ob .
,

ably wi th o u t s o m e fo re i g n i nte rp o si ti o n e x i s t i n A fri ca a s to n e

, ,

h o u s e o r o n e w h i ch ri s es tw o s to r ie s fr o m th e gro u n d
, Th e m a . ,

t eri al o f th e v e ry b e s t h ab i ta ti o n s ar e m e r e ly s tak e s O f w o o d
pla s ter e d wi th e ar th bui l t i n a c oni cal fo rm l i k e b eeh i v e s an d
, ,

r es embli ng th e first rud e sh el ter w hi ch m an fram e d ag a i ns t th e

e l e m ents
”
Murr ay s A f ri can D is cover i es p age 2 31
.
-
’
, .

Exc ep t th e c h a irs or th r o ne s O f th e gr e at m o n arch s

s tate ,

a s c e n d e d o n ly o n v e ry s o l e mn o cca s i o n s th e r e i s n o t th r o ugh o u t ,

n a ti v e A fri ca a s e a t to s i t up o n Th e p e o pl e s quat o n th e g r o u n d
.

i n c i rcl e s an d if th e ch i e f c an plac e b en e a th h i m th e sk i n o f a l i o n
,

o r l eo par d h e i s a t th e h e i gh t O f hi s p o m p
, For a tabl e th e r e i s .

at b e s t a w o o d e n b o ard w h e r eo n i s n e i th e r pla te k ni fe fo rk
‘

, n or , , ,

s p o o n ; th e fi n g e r s b e i n g s upp o s e d fu lly ad e q u a te t o th e p erfo rm

a nc e o f e v ery fu nc ti on ” —
Mu rr ay s Af r i can D i s cover i es p age 2 33
.
’
, .
1 56 H UTS , H O VE L S , A N D H O L E S IN N EG R OL A N D .

Th ei r app e aran c e i n d i cat e d wre tc h e d n es s i n th e e x tre m e an d ,

th e y s ee m e d to b eh o ld u s w i th a s to n i s h m e nt Th e i r dw e ll i ng s .

w e r e s o l o w a s to b e h ardly v i si bl e am o n g th e b us h e s ti ll q ui te
cl o s e to th e m Th ey w e re th e s h ap e O f th e h alf o f a h e n s e gg
.
’
,

w i th th e o p en par t e xp o s e d to th e w e ath e r w hi ch mu s t b e e x ,

t r e m e ly i n c o n v e n i e n t i n th e r al ny s e a s o n u nl es s t h ey a r e a bl e to ,

turn th e i n cl o s e d s i d e to th e s to rm w h i c h m i g h t e a s i ly b e d o n e , .

Th e i nh ab i ta n ts w e r e S O c o v e r e d w i th d i r t m i x e d w i th ,

s p o ts O f v e ry r e d pa i n t th a t i t app e ar e d pr o babl e n o n e o f th e m
,

h ad h ad a ny part o f th ei r b o d i es wa sh e d s i n c e t h e y w e r e b o rn ” .

Camp bell s Af r i ca p age 31 6’

, .

Th ro u gh o u t th e w h o l e c o u ntry th e h u ts ar e s mall i ll c o n ,
-

s tr uc te d an d e x tr e m e ly fil th y ; th e d o o r i s S O l o w th a t t o e n t e r
,

o u ar e o bl i g e d to cra w l o n all fo ur s Th r e s i d e n c e O f e ac h fam

y e -
.

ily i s c o mp o s e d o f s e v e ral h u ts s urr o u n d e d by q u i c k h e dg e s ,

plante d at ra n d o m a n d w i th o u t t a s te So m e ti m e s thi s i n c l o s u r e i s .

fo rm e d m er e ly O f p o s ts a n d ra il s o r a k in d o f pal is ad e o f s tr a w , .

Th e s tr e e ts ar e e x tr e m e ly n arr o w w i n d i n g an d d ir ty all s o r ts o f , , ,

fil th b ei n g th ro w n i nto th e m Bo th m e n a n d w o m e n a r e v e ry u n
.

c l e a nly a s i n all t h e n e gro v i ll ag e s i n thi s c o u n try a n d t h e y r u b

, ,

a g r e a t qua nti ty O f bu tte r up o n th e i r h e ad s Ca ill i e s A f r i c a Vo l

’

.
-
.
,

I .
, p age 24 .

v i llag e w a s a n ew o n e an d c on s i s te d m o s tly o f a S i n gl e
Th e ,

s tr eet ab o u t e i gh t h u n dr e d yard s l o n g o n w hi c h w e r e b u i l t t h e ,

h o u s es Th e la tte r w e r e s mall b ei n g o n ly e i g h t o r te n fe e t l o n g
.
, ,

five o r s i x w i d e a n d fo u r o r five i n h e i g h t w i th s la n ti n g ro o fs
, , .

Th e y w e r e mad e o f bark an d th e r o o fs w e re o f a k i n d o f ma ttin g

,

mad e o f th e l e av es o f a palm tre e Th e d o o rs r u n u p to th e e av e s -

.
,

ab o u t fo u r fe e t h i gh an d th e r e w e r e n o w i n d o w s In th es e h o u s e s
, .

th e y c o o k e at S l e e p a n d k e e p th e i r s to r e o f p r o v i s i o n s c hi e f o f
, , , ,

w hi ch i s th e s m o k e d gam e a n d s m o k e d h u m a n fl e s h h u n g u p to ,

” —
th e rafte r s D a Cha i llu s E qu ator i a l A f r i ca p age 1 05
’
. .
,

Th e palav e r h o u s e i s an O p en
-
Sh e d w hi ch a n sw e rs th e p u r
,

p os e O f a publi c h o u s e club r o o m
-
,
-
, or to wn h all t o th es e p e o pl e ;
-
,
1 58 PR O B A BL E T
E X IN C I O NT OF TH E N E G R O R A CE .

b i r d s n e s t In th i s s ta te many s o rts O f th e pl i a n t tar c o n anth us

’
.
,

a bu n da n c e O f w h i c h g ro w s o n th e o th e r s i d e O f th e G r e a t R i ve r ar e ,

O fte n to b e fo u n d ; a n d i f th e y h av e b e e n r e c e n tly i n h ab i te d h ay , ,

l e av es a n d w o o l may b e s een fo rm i ng th e b o tto m o f th e n e s t It

, , .

i s th e cu s to m w hi c h h a s g i v e n r i s e to th e n am e by w hi c h th e s av
a g e s i n qu es ti o n ar e n o w k n o w n Bo sj e s i g ni fyi n g i n A fri ca n
.
,

D u tc h a s h rub o r bu sh ; Bo sj e s ma n c o n s e qu e n tly a bu s h m an
, , ,
-
.

A n addi ti o n al r e a so n fo r g i v i n g i t b ei n g de ri v e d fro m th e i r O ften

s h o o ti n g a t gam e o r at a n e n e my fr o m th i s r e tr e a t
”
, L i chten
, .

s tei n s A f r i ca
’
Vol I L p age 4 6
, .
, .

gr o u nd ab o v e m enti on e d wh i ch s o m e ti m es
Th e h o l e s i n th e ,

s e rv e t h es e p e o pl e a s b e d s ar e o n ly a fe w i n c h es d e e p o f a l o n g
, ,

i s h r o u n d fo rm an d e v e n w h e n th e y ar e to s e rv e fo r a w h o l e fam
-
,

i ly n o t m o r e th a n five o r s i x fee t wi d e
, It i s i n cr e d i bl e h o w th e y .

ma n ag e to pack t o g e th e r i n s o s mall a spac e p e r h ap s tw o g ro w n ,

-

p ers o n s an d s e v e ral c h ildre n ; e ac h i s wrapp e d i n a s i ngl e s h eep

s k i n i n w h i ch th e y c o n tri v e to r o ll th e m s e lv e s up i n s uc h a m an
,

n e r r o u n d l i k e a ball th a t all a i r i s e n ti r ely k ep t fr o m t h e m

, , In .

v e ry c o ld n ig h ts th ey h e ap u p tw i g s an d e a rth o n th e w i n dward
s i d e O f th e w h o l e ; b u t aga i n s t ra i n th e y h av e n o o th e r s h e l te r

th an th e s h ee p sk i n — L i chtens tei n s A f r i ca Vo l IL p age 4 7

’
. . .
, ,

C HA P T ER XXV III .

G R A D UA L D ECR EA SE AN D PR O B A B L E E X TIN CTIO N OF TH E

N EG R O R A CE .

I V E b ee n s truck w i th th e s te ady d e cr ea s e O f th e p o pula ti o n

HA ,

e v e n dur i n g th e s h o r t t i m e I h av e b ee n i n A f ri ca o n t h e c o a s t ,

a n d i n th e i n te r i o r ; b ut b e fo r e I acc o u n t fo r i t l e t m e ra i se m y ,

v o i c e i n d efe n c e O f th e w h ite m an w h o i s accu s e d a s b ei n g th e,

cau s e o f i t W h er e v e r h e s ettl es th e ab o ri g i n es ar e s a i d to di s ap
.
,

p e ar I a dm i t th at s uch i s th e c ase ; b u t th e d e cr eas e o f th e p op

.
 PR O B A BL E T
E X IN C I O N T OF TH E N EGR O R A CE .

ul ati o n alr e ady tak en plac e b e fo r e th e w h i te m an cam e ; th e

h ad
w hi te m an n o ti c e d i t b u t c o uld n o t s to p i t Po pul o u s trib e s
, .

w h o m I s aw fo r a s e c o n d tim e an d w h o h ad s e e n n o w hi te m a n
,

a n d h i s fi e ry wa te r h av e d e c r e a s e d a n d thi s d e cr e a s e t o o k plac e
, ,

b e fo re th e te rr ibl e pla g u e t h at d e s o la te d th e la n d h a d mad e i ts

a pp e ara n c e Th e n e gr o e s th e m s e lv e s ack n o wl e dg e th e d e cr e a s e
. .

Cla ns i n th e life ti m e O f O l d m en h av e e n ti r e ly di s app e ar e d ; i n

-

o th e r s o n ly a fe w i n d i v i dual s r e m ai n —D a Chai llu s A s han o ’

, g .

L a nd , p age 22 5 .

Th e d e cr e a s e o f th e A fri ca n p o pulati o n i s o w i n g to s e v e ral

cau ses : th e Slav e trad e p olygamy barr e n nes s o f w o m e n d e a th
-
, , ,

am o n g c h i ldre n pla g ue s an d w i tch craft — th e la tte r t ak i n g

, , ,

aw ay m o r e li v e s th a n any s lav e trad e e v e r di d Th e n e gro d o e s

-
.

n o t s e e m to di m i ni sh o n ly i n th e r e g i o n I h av e v i s i te d ; b u t i n

e v e ry o th e r par t o f A fri ca trav e ll e r s w h o afte r th e lap s e O f a

, ,

fe w y e ar s h av e r eturn e d a s e c o n d ti m e i n th e s am e c o u n try h av e ,

n o ti c e d a d e cr e a s e O f p o pulati o n Th e w o m en o f th e i n
.

ter i o r ar e pr o l ific an d i n d es p i te o f i t s h all w e a ss um e th a t th e

,

n e gr o rac e h a s r un i ts c o ur s e a n d th at i n d u e c o ur s e o f ti m e i t
,

w i ll d i s app e ar as man y rac e s o f mank i n d h av e d o n e b e fo r e hi m !

,

Th e S o u th e rn States o f A m e ri ca w e r e I b e l i e v e th e o nly c o u n tr y , ,

i n w h i c h th e n eg r o i s k no w n t o h av e i n cr e a s e d ”
D a Cha i tin s .
-
’

A shango-L and , p age 4 35 .

Th e am e o f Ho ttentot w i ll so on b e fo rgotten o r r e m emb er e d

n ,

o n ly as th at o f a d e c e a s e d p e r s o n o f l i ttl e n o te T h ei r n umb e rs .

O f late y e ar s h av e b e e n rap i dly o n th e d e cl i n e It h a s g e n e rally .

b ee n O b s erv e d th at w h ere v e r Euro p e a ns h av e c o l o n i z e d th e l e a st ,

c i vil i z e d h av e al w ay s dwi n dl e d away an d at l e n g th to tall y d i s ,

” —
app e ar e d . Barr ow s Af r i ca Vol I p age 9 3
’
, . .

It i s i mp o s s ibl e to c o n c e al o n e s fe ars fo r th e u l tima te e x i st

’

e n c e o f m o s t O f th e c o l o r e d rac e s i n S o u th A fri ca ; I m e a n th o s e ,

i n th e firs t i n s ta n c e w i thi n th e c o l o n y a n d tho s e i n th e n e i g h b o r

, ,

h o o d o f plac e s w h e r e th e e m i gra nt Bo e r s h av e late ly s e ttl e d .

Th e l an d s O f th e n ati v e tri b es b e c o m e gr adu ally e n cr oac h e d o n ;

 1 60 P R O B A BL E EX TIN CTI O N OF TH E N EG R O RA CE .

j e al o u si e s an d a ni m o si ti e s war s an d r etal i ati on s ari s e ; th e n a

,

ti v e tri b e s ar e dri v e n back l o s e th e i r pr o p e r ty th ei r la n d s th e i r

, , ,

c o ura g e ; th ey fall back o n o th e r tri b es w h e r e th ey e n c o u nte r ,

m o r e o r l e s s r e si stan c e b e c o m e w e ak e r an d w e ak e r a n d th e
, ,

w hite m an adva n c e s an d ab s o rb s th e wh o l e — F r eeman s Mi s

, .
’

s i onar y Tr a vels i n A f r i ca p age 68 , .

At pr e se nt i t app e ar s to m e th a t th e pro sp e c ts O f th e c o l o r e d
,

r ac e s O f S o u th A fri ca t ak en o n th e br o ad est s cal e ar e s uch a s

, ,

Ch r i s ti a n p hi lan th ro py may w e e p o v e r I s e e n o pr o s p e c t O f th e i r
.

pr e s e rvati o n fo r any v e ry l en gt h en e d p e ri o d Th e s tru ggl e may .

la s t for a c o n si d erabl e ti m e Mi s si o n ary e ffo rt may n o t o n ly s av e

.

m a n y O f th e s o ul s o f m e n b ut h el p to d e fe r th e e v i l day O f a nni
,

h ila ti o n a s t o ma n y O f th e ab o ri g i n al t ri b es Bu t a nn i h i la ti o n i s
.

s te ad i ly adva n c i n g ; an d n o th i n g c a n arr e s t i t wi th o u t an e n ti r e

c h a n g e i n th e s y s te m O f g o v e rn m en t w h e re v e r Bri ti s h s ubj e c ts
,

c o m e i n c o n tact w i th th e n a ti v e tri b e s — F r eema n s Mi ss i ona ry

.
” ’

Tr a vels i n Af ri ca p age 2 6 1
, .

In o ur own day a d i s inte gra ti n g pr o c e s s i s e v e r s pre ad ing

am o n g th e n a ti o n s o f Ea s t e r n A fr i ca a n d th e Ea s t A fr i ca n s th e m
,

s e lv e s av o w t h a t thi n g s w e n t b e tte r w i th th e m i n th e i r fa th e r s
’

ti m e ; th a t gr e a te r ki n g s a n d c h i e fs e x i s te d th e n th a n n o w an d ,

th a t a n e w e l e m en t mu st b e i n tr o duc e d am o n g th e m Th e d e .

s c e n dan ts o f Ham h av e o u tl i v e d th em s elv e s

”
Kr apf s A f r i ca .
’
,

p age 39 3 .

H o w th e gr o h as l i v e d s o m any ag es w ith o u t a dva n ci ng

‘

ne ,

s e e m s marv e ll o u s w h e n all th e c o u n tr i e s s u r r o u n d i n g A fri ca ar e

,

s o fo r w ard i n c o mpar i s o n ; an d j udg i n g fr o m th e pr o gr e s s i v e

s ta te o f th e w o rld o n e i s l e d to s u pp o s e th a t th e A fr i c a n mu s t
,

s o o n e i th e r s te p o u t fr o m h i s dark n es s o r b e s up e r s e d e d by a,

b e i n g s u p e ri o r to h i m s elf C o uld a g o v e rn m en t b e fo rm e d for

.

th e m li k e o ur s i n I n d i a th e y w o uld b e s av e d ; b u t w i th o u t i t I
, , ,

fe ar th e r e i s v e ry l ittl e c h a n c e ; for at pr es e n t th e A fri ca n n e i th e r

c an h e lp h i m s elf n o r wi ll h e b e h e lp e d by o th e r s b e ca u s e h i s
, ,

c o u ntry i s i n s uc h a c o n stant state O f turm oi l h e h as to o m u c h

1 62 D IFFE R E N CE BE T WE EN WH I TES A ND BL A CKS .

C HA FTER XX IX .

N A TUR A L , R E PU L SIV E , A N D IR R E CO N CI L A B L E PO IN TS o r D IFFER

E N C E , PH Y SICA L MEN TA L , , A ND MO R A L ,B ET W EEN TH E W H ITES
TH E B L A CKS
*
AN D .

gre at a d iff e re n c e o f o p i ni o n h as e ve r e x i ste d up o n th e

SO
i n tri n s i c val u e o f t h e n e gro th at th e v e ry p e rpl e x i ty o f th e qu e s ,

ti o n i s a pr o o f t h a t h e i s al to g e th e r a d is ti n c t vari e ty So l o n g a s .

i t i s g e n e rally c o n s i d e r e d th a t th e n e g r o a n d th e w hi te m an ar e t o
b e g o ve r n e d by th e s am e la w s a n d g u i d e d by th e s am e ma n ag e
m e n t s o l o n g w i ll th e fo rm e r r e mai n a th o r n i n th e s i d e o f e v e ry
,

c o mmu n i ty to w hi c h h e may u n h app ily b el o n g W h e n th e h o r s e .

a n d th e a s s s h all b e fo u n d to ma tc h i n d o u bl e h ar n e s s th e w h i te ,

m a n a n d th e A fr i ca n b lack w ill pull t o g e th e r u n d e r th e s am e r e

g i m e It.i s t h e g r a n d e rr o r o f e qual i z i n g th a t w h i c h i s u n e qual

t h a t h a s l o w e r e d th e n e gro c h arac te r a n d mad e th e black m an a ,

r e pr o ac h
”
Ba ker s G r ea t B as i n of the N i le p age 1 9 5
.
’
, .

Th eb tu s e n e s s o f th e s a v ag e s w as s uch th at I n e v e r c o uld
o ,

mak e th e m u n d e r s ta n d th e e x i s te n c e o f a ny g o o d pri n c i pl e ;
th ei r o n e i d e a w a s p o w e r — fo rc e th a t c o u ld o b ta i n all — th e , ,

s tr o n g h a n d th a t c o uld wr e s t fr o m th e w e ak In d i s gu s t I fr o .

qu e n tly n o te d th e fe eli n g s o f th e m o m e nt i n my j o u r n al — a m e m ,

o r a n d u m fr o m w h i c h I c o py a s i llu s tra ti v e o f th e t i m e 1 8 63 .
,

l 0th A p r i l — I w i s h th e black s ympa th i z e r s i n En gla n d c o u ld

.

s e e A fr i c a s i n m o s t h e ar t as I d o ; m u c h o f t h e i r s ympa th y w o u l d
’

s ub s i d e H uma n n a tur e v i e w e d i n i ts cr u d e s ta te as p i c tu r e d
.

am o ngs t A fr i ca n s avag es i s q u i te o n a l e v e l w i th th a t o f th e
bru te a n d n o t to b e c o mpar e d w i th th e n o bl e c h ara c te r o f th e
,

d og T h e re i s n e i th e r grati tud e p i ty l o v e n o r s e lf d e ni al ; n o
.
, , ,
-

* Fo r a fu le r l an d m o re m i
i datio n o f th e p h y si cal m en tal a n d m o al
n u te e l u c , ,
r

di ff n s w hi h x is t be t we e n w hi t p o pl a d g o s t h e em i i n g p o
t io
ere

ns o f t his w
ce

o k s p i l ly t h
c

x t
r s
e

c e
,
d i
e n g h p
ec at e e n t i tl d “
A m ic n
e ne
e e

u ce
e n ne

c
r

a
e , s ee

r,
r

e
a n

er a
r

W i te s th N g o Th e t s ti m o n i e s g i v e n i n th e p s nt c h p t a l m os t
r r on e e r .
”
e re e a er re a

e x c l si v e ly t hos
u o f i n t ll i g t w hi te t v ll e s w h o h a v s (a d w h as c e
e e en ra e r ,
e ee n n o, ar

f l a d o
u n t obs
c v s h v e al way s s e n o nl y w i th i d i g natio n an d d is g s t) t h e
rrec er er ,
a e n u

n g o s i n N g o l and
e r e e r .
 D I FFEREN CE BE T WEE N WH I TE S A N D BL A CKS .

i d e a o f d u ty ; no r el i g io n ;
c o v e to u s n es s i ng r ati tud e s elfish
b ut , ,

n es s ,an d c ru e l ty A ll ar e th i e v es i dl e e n v i o u s an d r e ady to
.
, , ,

plu n d e r an d e n s lav e th ei r w e ak e r n ei gh b o rs — Ba ker s G r eat .

’ ’

B as i n f
o the N i le, p age 1 64 .

In ch ild h o o d I b e li e v e th e n e gro to b e i n adva n c e i n i ntelle c ,

tual qu i ck n es s o f th e w h ite c h ild o f a s i m i lar a ge b u t th e m i nd

, ,

d o e s n o t e xpan d ; i t pr o mi s e s fru i t b u t d o es n o t ri p e n ; an d th e ,

n e gr o m i n d h as gr o w n i n b o dy b ut h as n o t adva n c e d i n i n te ll e c t , .

Th e puppy o f th r e e m o n th s o l d i s s up e ri o r i n i n tell e ct to a c h i ld
o f th e s am e age b u t th e m i n d o f th e c h i ld e xp a n d s w hi l e th a t o f
, ,

th e d o g h as arri v e d a t i ts l i m i t Th e c hi ck e n o f th e c o mm o n fo wl .

h as s u ffic i e n t p o w e r a n d i n s ti n c t to r un i n s e arc h o f fo o d th e m o
m e nt th at i t l e av e s th e e gg w h il e th e y o u n g o f th e e agl e l i e s ,

h e lpl es s i n i ts n es t ; b u t th e y o u n g e agl e o u ts tri p s th e c hi ck en i n

t h e c o ur s e o f ti m e Th e e arth pr e s e n ts a w o n d e rful e xampl e o f
.

vari e ty i n all cl a ss e s o f th e h uma n rac e th e a n i mal an d v e g etabl e ,

ki ng d o m s Pe o pl e b ea s ts an d pla n ts b el o n gi n g t o d i s ti nc t cla s s
.
, ,

e s e x hi b i t s p e c i al qual i ti es a n d p e cu li ari ti e s
, Th e e x i s ten c e o f .

man y h u n dre d vari e ti e s o f d o g s c ann o t i n te rfe re w i th th e fact th a t

t h e y b e l o n g to o n e g e n u s th e gr e y h o u n d pug bl o o d h o u n d
, , , ,

p o i nte r p o o dl e m as tifl a n d t erri e r ar e all a s e n ti rel y d iffe r ent

'

, , , ,

i n th ei r p e cul i ar i n s ti n c ts as ar e th e var i e ti es o f th e h uma n rac e .

Th e d i ff e r e n t fru i ts an d fl o w e r s c o n ti n u e th e e xampl e — th e w i ld ,

grap e s o f t h e fo r e st ar e grap e s b ut al th o u g h th e y b e l o n g to th e , ,

s am e cla s s th e y ar e d i s ti n c t fro m th e l u s c i o u s Mu s ca t e l ; a n d th e
,

w ild d o g r o s e o f th e h e dg e al th o ug h o f th e s am e cla s s i s i nfe rio r

-
, ,

to th e m o s s r o s e o f th e gard e n
-
Fr o m fr u i ts a n d fl o w e r s w e m ay
.

t ur n to i n s e c t l i fe a n d wa tc h t h e ai r t e e m i n g w i th vari e ti e s o f th e
,

s am e s p e c i e s — th e th o u s a n d s o f bu tte rfl i e s an d b e e tl e s th e ma n y
, ,

me mb e r s o f e ach cla s s varyi n g i n i n s ti n c ts an d p e cul i ari ti e s Fi s h .

e s a n d e v e n s h e ll fis h
, all e x hi b i t th e s am e arra n g e m e n t ; th a t
-
,

e v e ry gr o up i s d i v i d e d i n to var i e ti es all d iff e r i n g fr o m e ac h o th e r , ,

a n d e ac h d i s ti n gu i s h e d by s o m e p e culi ar e x ce ll en c e o r d e fe c t
”
.

Baker s G r eat Bas i n of the N i le p age 1 9 5

’
, .

Th e ne groa b ei n g w h o i n v ents n o thi n g o rig i nate s n o th i ng

is , ,

i mpr o v e s n o thi n g ; w h o c an o n l y c o o k n ur s e a n d fiddl e ; w h o , ,

1 64 D I FFEREN CE BE T WEEN WH I TE S AND BL A CKS .

h as n ei th e r g y n o r i ndu stry s av e i n rar e ca s es th at pro v e th e

r en e , ,

rul e ; h e i s th e s elf c o n s titu te d th rall th at d el i gh ts i n s ubj e c ti o n

-

t o an d i n i mi tati o n o f th e s up e ri o r rac e s
, Th e A b o ri g i n al A m e r
, .

i ca n h as n e v e r b e e n k n o w n to s lav e ; th e A fri ca n s i n c e h e la n d e d ,

i n Vi rg i ni a i n 1 620 h as c h o s en n o th i n g e l s e ; h as n e v e r u n ti l
, , ,

”—
e gg e d o n dr e am e d o f b e i n g fr e e Bur ton s Wa nder i ngs i n Wes t
’
.
,

A f r i ca Vo l I p age 1 7
, . 5 .
, .

Ea s ter n an d C e ntral i nte rtr o p i cal A

fri c a als o lack s a nti qu a
ri a n an d hi sto ri c i nter e st ; i t h a s fe w trad i tio n s n o a nn al s an d , ,

n o ru i n s —
, th e h o ary r e m n a n ts o f pa st s pl e n d o r s o d e ar t o th e
trav ell er an d t o th e r e ad e r o f trav el s It c o nta i n s n o t a s i n gl e .

u s e ful o r o rn am e ntal w o rk ; a can al o r a dam i s a n d h as e v e r ,

b een b ey o n d th e na rr o w bo u n ds o f i ts ci vi liza ti on
,
”
B ur ton s .
-
’

A f r i ca p age 8 8
,
.

Th e A fri c an s w on d e rful l o qu acity an d v o lub il ity o f ton g u e

’

h av e pr o duc e d n o t al e s p o e try n o r d i s play o f e l o qu e n c e th o ugh

, , ,

l ik e m o st b arbari a n s s o m ew h at s e nte nti o u s h e w i ll c o ntent h i m

, ,

s e lf w i th s quabbl i n g w i th h i s c o mpa n i o n s o r w i th r e p e a ti n g s o m e ,

m e ani ngl es s w o rd i n e v e ry d iffe r en t to n e o f v oi c e duri n g th e

” —
W e ary l e n g th o f a day s m arc h Bur ton s A f r i ca p age 4 9 7
’
.
’
, .

Mu si c is at dmi rabl e tunis ts an d n o m e a n

a l ow ebb . A ,

tu ni s ts th e p e o pl e b etra y th e i r i n capac i ty for i mpr o v e m e n t by r e

,

mai ni n g c o n te nte d w i th th e s i mpl e s t an d th e m ost m o n o to no u s

c o mb i na tio ns o f s o u n d s A s i n e v e rythi n g e l s e s o i n thi s art
.
, ,

c r e a ti v e t al e n t i s wa n ti ng A h i g h e r d ev e l o pm e nt w o uld h av e
.

pro duc e d o th e r r es ul ts ; ye t i t i s i mp o s s i bl e n o t to r e mark th e de

l i gh t w hi ch th ey tak e i n h arm o ny Th e fi sh e rman w i ll a cc o mpa n y .

h i s paddl e th e p o rt e r hi s trud g e an d th e h o u s e w i fe h er ta s k o f
, ,

s h e l l i n g gra i n w i th a s o n g ; an d fo r l o n g h o ur s at n i gh t th e
,

p e a s an ts w i ll s it i n a ri n g r ep e a ti n g w i th a z est th at n e v e r flag s , ,

” —
t h e s am e fe w n o te s an d th e s am e u nm eanin g l in e Bur ton s
’
.
,

A f r i ca p age 4 68
, .
1 66 D IF FEREN CE B E TWEEN WH I TE S A N D B L A CKS .

It h a s b e e n pro v e d by m e a s ure m e n ts by m i cros c op e s b y , ,

a n aly s i s th at the typ i c al n e gro i s s o m eth i n g b etw e en a c hild a

, ,

d o tard an d a b e a s t I can n o t s truggl e agai n s t th es e s acre d facts

, .

o f s ci e n c e Bea de s S avage Af r i ca p age 39 9

” ’
.
, .

I s h all b e blam e d b y i g n o ran t p e r s o n s w h en I s ay th at i f war ,

i s wag e d aga i n s t s avag e s i t mu s t b e a ma s s acr e o r i t i s u s el e ss

, , .

C ru e l a s th i s max i m may app e ar i t w o uld i f fo ll o w e d o u t b e th e , , ,

cau s e o f l e s s m i s e ry an d bl o o d sh e d afte rward It m u s t b e r e .

m e mb e r e d th a t th e m i n d s o f s avag e s ar e as di ff e r e ntly c o n s ti tu te d
fr o m o ur m i n d s a s ar e th ei r b o d i e s fr o m o u r b o di e s
, .

Fo rb e ara n c e th e s e n e gr o e s as c r i b e to fe ar an d m e rcy to p e r s o n al ,

”—
in te r es t Beade s S avage A f r i ca p age 327
’
. .
,

Th e Sh a n galla go all n ak e d ; th e y h av e s e v e r al w i v es , a n d
th e s e v e ry pr o l i fi c Th e y bri n g fo rth c hi ldr en w i th th e u tm o s t
.

e a s e an d n e v e r r e s t o r c o nfi n e th e m s e lv es afte r d eli v ery ; b ut

, ,

wa s hi ng th em s elv e s an d th e chil d w i th c o ld wa ter th ey wrap i t ,

up i n a s o ft cl o th mad e o f th e bark o f tr ees a n d h a n g i t u p o n a ,

bra n ch th a t th e l arg e a n ts w i th w hi ch th ey ar e i n fe ste d a n d th e

, , ,

s e rp e n ts may n o t d e v o ur i t A fte r a fe w day s w h e n i t h a s ga th

.
,

e r e d s tr e n g th th e m o th e r carr i e s i t i n th e s am e cl o th u p o n h e r
,

b ack an d g i v es i t s uck w i th th e br e a s t w h i ch s h e th ro w s o v e r
, ,

h e r s h o uld e r thi s par t b e i n g o f s uc h a l e n g th a s i n s o m e to

, , ,

” —
r e ach alm ost to th ei r k n e es Br uce s Tr avels Vol IL p age 5 5 3.
’
, .
, .

A S h an galla
w o man up o n b e ari n g a c hi ld o r tw o at t en o r
, ,

e l e v e n y e ar s o l d s e e s h er br e a s t fall i mm e d i a te ly d o w n to n e ar
,

h er k n e e s H er c o mm o n ma n n e r o f s uckl i n g h er c h ildr e n i s b y
.

c arry i n g th e m up o n h er b ack a s o u r b e ggars d o a n d g i vi n g th e , ,

i n fa n t th e br e a s t o v e r h e r s h o uld e rs Th e y rare ly ar e m o th e r s .

a fte r tw e nty tw o o r b e g i n c h i ld b e ari n g b e fo r e th e y ar e t e n ; s o

-
u
-

th a t th e ti m e o f c hi ld b e ari n g i s b u t twe lv e y e ar s
- — B r u ce s .
’

Tr avels , Vol . II .
, p age 55 9 .

Th e w o m en of thi s p art of A fri c a ar e c ertai nl y sin g ul arl y

 D I FFER E N CE B E T WEEN WH I TE S A N D B L A G KS . 1 67

g i fte d w i th th e H o tte n to t pr otub e ran c e S o much de .

p e n d s o n th e m ag n i tud e o f th o s e attrac ti o n s fo r w h i ch th ei r
s o u th e rn s i s te r s a r e s o c e l e bra te d th a t I h av e k n o w n a m a n
, ,

ab o u t to mak e a p u rch a s e o f o n e o u t o f th r ee r e gardl es s o f th e ,

c h arm s o f fe a tur e turn th e i r fac es fro m h i m an d l o o k i n g at th e m

, ,

b eh i n d i n th e v i ci ni ty o f th e h ip s mak e ch o i c e o f h er w h o s e p er
, ,

” —
s o n m o s t pr oj e c te d b ey o n d th a t o f h er c o mpa n i o n s D en ham s
’
.

A f r i ca Vo l I L p age 8 9
, .
, .

N e i th e r r t n or i n th e k i ngd o m s o f C e n tral A fri c a

i n th e D es e

i s th e r e a ny march o f c i vi l i z ati o n A ll g o e s o n acc o rd i n g t o a

.

c e rtai n r o u ti n e e s tabl i sh e d for ag e s p ast — R i char ds on s A f r i ca

”
.
’
,

Vol I. .
, p age 305 .

T h er e i s n ot a ti n c tur e o f l ette rs o r o f wri tin g am o n g all th e

ab o ri gi nal trib e s o f A fri ca T h e r e i s n o t a h i e ro glyp hi c o r a
.

s ymb o l n o th i n g c o r r e s p o n d i n
,
-
g to th e pai nte d s to ri e s o f M e xi c o ,

o r th e k n o tt e d qu i p o s o f Pe ru Oral c o mmu ni c ati o n fo rm s th e

.

o n l y ch a n n e l by w hi c h th o ugh t c a n b e tra n s m i tte d fr o m o n e

c o u n try a n d o n e age to a no th er Th e l es s o n s o f tim e th e e x

.
,

p er i e n c e o f ag e s d o n o t e x i s t fo r th e n ati o n s o f thi s va st c o nti

,

n e nt
”
. Murr ay s Af r i can D is cover i es p age 2 33
’
, .

I fo u n d h i s maj es ty sittin g up o n a bull o ck s hi d e warm i n g ’

,

hi m s e lf b e fo r e a larg e fir e ; fo r t h e A fri ca n s ar e s e n s i bl e o f th e
s mall e s t var i a ti o n i n th e t e mp e ra t ur e o f th e ai r a n d fr e qu e ntl y ,

c o mplai n o f c o ld w h e n a Euro p e a n i s o ppr es s e d w i th h e a t ”

.

Ma ngo Par k s ’
Fi r s t Jour na l, p age 4 1 .

Th ey s ee m to h av e n o s o ci al t en d e rn es s v e ry few o f th o s e ,

a m i abl e pri va te vi r tu e s w hi c h w o uld w i n o u r a ff e c ti o n a n d n o n e ,

o f th o se publ i c qual i ti e s t h at clai m r es p e c t o r c o mma n d adm i ra

ti o n . Th e l o v e o f c o u n try i s n ot s tro n g e n o ugh i n th ei r b o s o m s

t o i n c i te th e m t o d e fen d i t agai n s t th e i rr e gular i n cur s i o n s o f a
d e s p i cabl e fo e ; a n d o f th e ac ti v e e n e rgy n ob le s en ti m e n ts an d , /
,

c onte mp t o f da n g e r w hi c h di sti n g u i s h th e N o r th A m eri c a n tri b es

,
1 68 D IF FE R EN CE B E T WEE N WH I TE S A N D B L A CKS .

an d o th e r s avag e s n o trac e s ar e to b e fo u n d am o n g th i s s l o th ful

,

p e o pl e R e gardl e s s o f th e pa s t a s r e ckl es s o f th e fu tu r e th e p r e s
.
,

e n t al o n e i n flu e n c e s th e i r a c ti o n s In t hi s r e s p e c t th e y appr o ac h
.

n e are r to th e n a tu r e o f th e br u te t h a n p e r h ap s a ny o th e r p e o pl e

o n th e fac e o f th e gl o b e
”—
L an der s Tr a vels i n A f r i ca Vo l I
.
’
, . .
,

p a
ge 176

Cl i c k i n g i s a p e cul i ari ty fri ca n la nguag e s

of se v e ral So u th A .

Th e Bu s h m e n H o tte nto ts an d Kafli r s h av e e ac h s e v e ral cl i ck s

, , .

Th e N a tal Kafli r s u s e b u t th r e e a n d th e s e n o t fre qu e n tly as t h e r e

, ,

a r e fe w w o rd s b u t c an b e u n d e r s to o d w i th o u t th e cl i ck In th e .

Bu sh m e n s la n g u ag e v e ry man y ar e u s e d a n d I h av e h e ard th at
’
, ,

a Bu s h ma n i s n o t c o n s i d e re d to s p e ak h i s la n guag e e l e ga ntl y
u n ti l a ge h a s d e pri v e d h i m o f all h i s t ee th T h e s e curi o u s l i ttl e .

m e n u s e a g r e a t d e al o f ac ti o n d u ri ng th e i r c o n v e r s a ti o n an d i t
i s s ai d th a t i f a Bu s h ma n w i s h e s to t alk d u ri n g a dark n i g h t h e ,

i s o bl i g e d to l i g h t a fir e to e n abl e th e l i s te n e r s to s e e h i s a c ti o n
, ,

a n d th e r e by full y to c o mpr e h e nd hi s m e a n i ng ”
D r a ys on s .
’

A f r i ca p age 5 8
, .

Th e Bo sj es ma n s , i n d ee d , am on g st th e ugl i es t o f all h u
ar e

m an b e i n g s Th e fl at n o s e hi g h c h e e k b o n es pr o m i n e n t c h i n
.
,
-
, ,

a n d c o n cav e v i s ag e par tak e muc h o f th e ap i s h c h arac te r w h i c h

, ,

th e i r k e e n eye al w ay s i n m o ti o n t e n d s n o t to d i m i n i s h
, Th e , .

u pp e r l i d o f th i s o rga n a s i n th a t o f th e Ch i n e s e i s r o u n d e d i n to
, ,

th e l o w e r o n th e s i d e n e x t th e n o s e a n d fo rm s n o t a n a n gl e as i s , ,

th e ca s e i n th e e ye o f a Eur o p e a n b u t a c i rcular s w e e p s o th a t , ,

th e p o i n t o f u n i o n b e tw e e n th e upp e r a n d l o w e r e y e l i d i s n o t a s
c er tai n a b l e T h ei r b e l li es ar e u n c o m m o nly pro tub e ra n t a n d
.
,

th e i r back s h o ll o w A s a m e a n s o f i n c r e as m g th e i r s p e e d
.

i n th e c h a s e o r w h e n pur s u e d by a n e n e my th e m e n h ad ad o p te d
, ,

a cu s to m w hi ch w a s s ufli c i en tly r e markabl e o f pu s h i n g th e te s

, ,

ti c l es to th e upp e r par t o f th e r o o t o f th e p e n i s w h e r e th e y s e e m e d ,

t o r e ma i n a s fi r mly fix e d a n d a s c o n v e n i e n tly plac e d as i f n a tu r e

, ,

h ad s ta ti o n e d th e m th e r e ”
Bar r ow s A f r i ca Vo l I p age 2 34
.
-
’
, . .
, .

Th e g r e at curvature of th e s p in e i nward s , an d th e r e mark

170 D I FFE R E N CE B E T WE E N WH I TE S A N D B L A CKS .

o f o th e r la n d s ”
Can ot s Twenty Year s f A f r i ca n S laver , p age
’
. o an

2 31 .

Wh e n two N a maq u as ar e talki n g to g eth e r a n d o n e i s r e lat ,

i ng a s to ry th e l i s ten e r r ep e a ts th e la s t w o rd s o f th e s p e ak e r e v e n
, ,

i f h e s h o uld k n o w as much o f th e matte r as h i s i n fo rma n t Fo r .

i n s ta n c e if a m an b e g i n h i s r e ci tal by s ay i n g
, A s I walk e d al o n g ,

th e r i v e r a v e ry lar g e r h i n o c er o s ru s h e d s udd e n ly up o n m e
’
.
,

R u s h e d s udd e n ly up o n m e e ch o e s th e aud i to r H e w as v ery

,
’
.

fat .
’
Ve ry fat th e o th e r ej acula te s a n d s o fo rth
,
’
A n ders s on s , .
’

A f r i ca , p age 25 9 .

Un fo rtu n a te ly th e p e o pl e ar e al to g eth e r d efici e n t o f any r a

ti o n al o r c h ar itabl e fe e l i n g M u s i c i s s carc e ly k n o w n o r i n d e e d
.
,

a n y o th e r e x e r ti o n o f th e m i n d calculat e d to c o rr e c t o r i mpr o v e th e

n a tural pa ss i o n s — D u nca n s A r i ca Vo l I
”
f
’
a e 199
.
p g , . .
, .

v e ry par t o f th e U n ite d S ta tes th e r e i s a bro ad an d i m

In e ,

pa s s abl e l i n e o f d e marca ti o n b etw e e n e v e ry m an w h o h as o n e

dro p o f A fri ca n bl o o d i n h i s v e i n s an d e v e r y o th e r cla s s i n th e ,

c o mmu ni ty Th e h ab i ts th e fe el i n g s all th e pr ej ud i c e s o f s o c i e ty
.
, , ,

- pr ej u d i c es w h i c h n ei th e r r efi ne m e nt n o r arg um e nt n or e d u ca , ,

ti o n n o r r e l ig i o n i ts elf c a n s u bd u e — ma r k t h e p e o pl e o f c o l o r
, , , ,

w h eth er b o n d o r fr e e a s th e s u bj e c ts o f a d e g r ada tio n i n e v i tabl e

,
'

an d i n curabl e Th e A fri ca n i n thi s c o u n try b e l o n g s by b i r th to th e

.

v e ry l o w e s t sta ti o n i n s o c i e ty ; a n d fro m th a t s ta ti o n h e c a n n e v e r
ri s e b e hi s tal e n ts h is e n te rpri s e h i s v i r tu es w h a t th ey may
, ,
”
, .

A f r i can R ep os i tor y Vo l I V p age 1 1 8 , . .

, .

Th e typ i cal w o o lly h a i re d rac e s h av e n e v er i nv e nte d a r e a s on e d

-

o r r e a s o n a b l e th e o l o gi cal s y s te m ; d i s c o v e r e d a n alp h ab e t ; fram e d

a gramma ti cal lan guag e ; n or mad e th e l e a s t s tep i n s c i en c e o r

ar t . T h e y h av e s carc ely c o mpr e h e n d e d w h at th ey h av e l earn e d ;
o r r e t a i n e d a c i v i l i z a ti o n taugh t t h e m by c o n tac t w i th m o r e r e fi n e d

n a ti o n s s o s o o n a s th a t c o n tac t h as c e a s e d
, T h ey h av e a t n o ti m e .

fo rm e d gr e a t p o l iti cal s tates n o r c o mm e n c e d a s elf e v o lv i n g c i v

,
-
 D I FFERE N CE B E T WEE N WH I TE S A N D BL A CKS . 171

il i z ati o n .
” — Ha mi lton S mi th s N atur a l Hi s tory of the H uman Sp e
’

c i es , p age 196 .

Th e ne g ro
w h o lly w i tho u t tal e nts b u t th e y ar e l i mi te d
is not ,

to i m i ta ti o n th e l e ar n i n g o f w h at h a s b e e n pr e v i o u s ly k n o w n
,
-
.

H e h as n e i th e r i n v en ti o n n or j udgm ent A fri ca n s may b e c o n s i d .

e r e d d o c i l e b u t fe w o f th e m a r e j ud i c i o u s a n d th u s i n m e ntal
, ,

q u al iti es w e ar e d i sp o s e d to s e e a c ertai n a n al o gy w i th th e ap e s ,

w h o s e i mi ta ti v e p o w e rs ar e pr o v e rb i al ”
B ur mei s ter s Bla ck Man .
’
,

p age 14 .

Th e tu n e th e g ro e s s i ng i s v ery s i mpl e e nti r e ly fr e e fro m va

ne ,

r i ati o n s a n d i s c o n s t a ntly r e p e a te d i n th e s am e ke y
, Th e v o i c e i s .

h i gh , a s o rt o f s hri ek i n g fal s etto Th e k ey i s c o mm o nly i n m o ll .

,

s e ld o m i n dur a n d e ac h v e r s e o f th e s o n g t e rm i n a te s i n a l o n g
,

pro tra c te d s o ft s o u n d i n th e s i n g in g o f w h i ch al o n e c an w e o h
, ,

s erv e a n y thi n g l ik e fr e e d o m a n d vari e ty o f e xpr e s s i o n D ull a n d .

d e e p t o n es ar e d i s agr e e abl e to th e n egro H e t ri e s to ra i s e hi s .

v o i c e to th e h i g h e s t p o s s ibl e p i tch a n d e v e n h i s laugh te r h as m o r e

,

th e s o u n d o f w hi s tl i n g th a n laug h i n g T h e s h ri ll d r aw n o u t h i e .
,
-

th e y c o n s ta n tl y e m i t a s a mark o f j o yful s urpr i s e r e m i n d e d m e o f ,

th e h ar s h s h ri e k i n g cri es o f th e ap es ”
Bur mei s ter s Black Man .
’
,

p age 1 6 .

O n ral o cca si o n s w h en I m et w i th a n egro w i th a p h y si

s e ve ,

o gn o m y tha t pl e a s e d m e I a tte mp te d to b e g i n a c o n v e r s a ti o n w i th
,

hi m i n o rd e r to di s c o v e r hi s i nte ll e ctual an d s p i ri tual c h arac te r

,

i s tic s afte r h av i n g s tud i e d h i s b o d y

, Th e r es ul t h o w e ve r u ni .
, ,

ve r s ally s ati s fi e d m e o f h i s d efic i e n c i e s i n thi s r es p e c t a n d s e rv e d ,

t o c o n firm m e i n my o p i n i o n th a t th e n e gro car e s o n ly fo r th o s e

thi n g s w hi ch b e l o n g to th e v e ry l o w es t grad es o f th e h um an fam
i ly.
”
Bur mci s ter ’
s Black Man , p age 1 2 .

There i s n o t a s ingl e b o ok sel l er s ’

sh o p in e i th e r Eastern or

We s tern A fri c a ”
. L i vi ngstone s Af r i ca
’
, p age 689 .
172 D IF FE R E N CE B E T WE E N WH I TE S A N D BL A CKS .

A mong th e n e gr o e s , n o
c i e n c e h as b e en d e v el o p e d an d fe w
s ,

qu e s tio n s ar e e v e r d i s cu s s e d e xc ep t th o s e w hi c h h av e an i n ti mate
,

” —
c o nn e c tio n w i th th e w ants o f th e s to mach L i vi ngs tone s Af r i ca .
’
,

p age 1 38 .

Th e th e rm o m et e r , plac e d up o n a d e al b o x i n th e s un r os e to ,

It s to o d at 1 08 i n th e sh ad e by day an d 9 6 at s u n s et If
° °
, .

my e xp e ri m e nts w e r e c o rr e c t th e bl o o d o f a Euro p e a n i s o f a
,

h i gh e r t e mp e ra tur e th a n th a t o f an A fri ca n Th e bulb h e ld .

,

u n d e r m y t o n gu e s too d a t , u n d er th a t o f th e n ati v es at ,

L i vi ngs tone s Af r i ca p age 5 4 8

’
, .

A m o n g th e slav es l i v i n g at A ni amb i e to w o rk th e ki n g s pla n ,

’

tati o n s w e r e s p e c i m e n s o f n o l e s s th a n e l e v e n d i ffe r e n t trib es

, .

S o m e o l d s lav e s fro m th e far i n te ri o r s ee m e d v e ry l ittl e r e m o v e d

fro m th e A nth ro p o i d ap es i n th ei r s h ap e a n d fe a tur e s l e a n l eg s , ,

h e avy b o d i e s w i th pro m i n e n t ab d o m e n r e tr e a ti n g fo r e h e ad
, , ,

an d proj e cti n g m uzzl es ; th e y w e re m o r e l ik e a nimal s th a n

m en . D u Cha i llu
’
s A s hango L -
a nd , p age 42 .

Th e re ad e r w h o h as fo ll o w e d m e t hr o ug h th e v olum e o f my
fo rm e r e xpl o ratio n an d th e pr e s e n t b o o k w i ll h av e b ee n abl e to ,

gath e r a n i d e a o f th e g e n e ral c h aracte r a n d d isp o si ti o n o f th e

n e gr o o f th i s pa r t o f A fr i ca a s h e n o w s ta n ds ,
I h av e ma de r e .

s e arc h e s to a s c e r ta i n if h i s rac e h a d form e rly l e ft r e ma i n s s h o w ,

i n g th a t h e h ad o n c e a tta i n e d a t o l e rably hi g h s tate o f c i v i l iza ti o n ;

my r e s e arch e s h av e pr o v e d va i n ; I h av e fo u n d n o v e sti g e w h at
e v e r o f a n c i e n t c i v i l i za ti o n O th e r trav e ll e rs i n d iff er ent parts o f
.

” —
A fri ca h av e n o t b e e n m o r e s ucc e s s ful th a n I h av e
'
D a O hai llu s
’
.

A s hango-L a nd,
p a
ge 4 35 .
174 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

o ar cu l ar ex p o n en t s o f th e R a d i c al fa i th F o r fu ll pr o o f o f .
.

th i s , r e m e mb e r i n g t h at w i th o u t a n y s p e c i fic r e fe r e n c e o r
,

a llu s i o n t o th e n e g r o th e D e cl ar a ti o n o f I n d e en d en c e w a s
, p
wr i tten i n 1 776 l e t u s i n th e fo ll o w i n g p a g es s ee s o m e thi n g
, , ,

o f w h at M r Je ffe r s o n did p o i n t e d l y an d s p e c ific all y wr i te

.

a b o u t t h e n e g r o b e tw ee n t h e d at e o f t h at e v e r m e m o r ab l e
,
-

d o cu m en t J ul y 4 1 776 , an d th e d ate o f th e d e ath o f i ts

, ,

i ll u s tr i o u s a u th o r J ul y 4 , 1 8 26 ,

D EE P-R O O TE D PR E J UD ICE S E N TER TA IN E D BY TH E W HI TES ;

T EN T H O U SA N D R E CO L L E CTI O N S , BY TH E B L A CKS , O F TH E IN

J U R IES T H E Y HA VE S U STA IN E D ; N EW PR O V O CA TI O N S ; TH E R E A L

D ISTIN CTI O N S W H I C H N A T U R E H A S M A D E ; A N D M A N Y O T H E R C IR
C U MSTA N CE S W IL L D IV ID E U S IN TO PA R TI E S A N D PR O D U C E CO N
, ,

V U L SI O N S W H IC H W IL L PR O B A B L Y N EV E R E N D B U T IN T H E E X
,

TER MIN A TI O N O F TH E O N E O R TH E O TH ER R A CE . T o t h es e
ob e j c ti o n s w h i ch ar e p o l iti cal may b e add e d o th e r s w hi c h ar e
, , ,

p hy s i cal a n d m o ral Th e fi r s t diff e r e n c e w h i ch s tri k e s u s i s th at

.

o f c ol o r . \Vh e th er th e black o f t h e n e g r o r es i d e s i n t h e r et i c u lar

m e mbra n e b etw e e n th e s k i n a nd s carf sk i n o r i n th e s carf s k i n -
,
-

i ts e lf ; w h e th e r i t pr o c ee d s fr o m th e c o l o r o f th e bl o o d th e c o l o r ,

o f th e b i l e o r fr o m th a t o f s o m e o th e r s e cr eti o n th e d i ff e r e n c e i s
, ,

fix e d i n n a tur e a n d i s as r e al a s i f i ts s e a t an d cau s e w e r e b e tte r

,

k n o w n to u s A n d i s thi s d i ff er e n c e o f n o i mp o r ta n c e ! Is i t n o t
.

th e fo u n da ti o n o f a gr e ate r o r l es s s h ar e o f b e au ty i n th e t w o
rac e s ! A r e n o t th e fin e m i x tu re s o f r e d a n d w hi te th e e xpr e s ,

s i o n s o f e v e ry pa s s i o n by gr e a te r o r l e s s s u ff u s i o n s o f c o l o r i n th e

one ,
pr e fe rabl e to th a t e tern al m o n o to ny w h i c h r e i g n s i n th e ,

c o u nte n a n c e s th a t i mm o vabl e v ei l o f black w h i ch c o v e r s th e

,

e m o ti o n s o f t h e o th e r rac e ! Th e c i r cum s ta n c e o f
s u p e ri o r b e au ty i s th o ugh t w o r th y o f a tte n ti o n i n th e pr o paga ti o n

o f o u r h o r s es d o g s a n d o th e r d o m es ti c a n i mal s ; w h y n o t i n th a t
, ,

o f m an ! Be s i d e s th o s e o f c o l o r figur e an d h a i r th e r e ar e o th e r
, , ,

p hy s i cal d i s ti n c ti o n s p r o v i n g a d iff e r e n c e o f rac e T h ey h av e l es s .

h a i r o n th e fac e a n d b o dy T h e y s e cr e te l e s s by th e k i d n e y s
.
,

an d m o r e by t h e gla n d s o f th e s k i n w h i ch g i v e s t h e m a v er y ,

s tr o n g a n d d i s agr e e abl e o d o r T h i s gr e a te r d e gr e e o f tr a nsp i ra

.

ti o n r e n d e r s th e m m o r e to l e ra n t o f h e a t an d l es s s o o f c o ld th a n ,
 A M E R I CA N WRI TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 175

th e w hi tes T h e y ar e m o r e ard e nt afte r th ei r fe mal e ;

.

'

b ut l o v e s e e m s w i th th e m to b e m o r e an e ag e r d e s i r e th a n a ,

t e n d er d el i c a te m i x tur e o f s e n ti m en t a n d s e n s ati o n
, T heir .

gri e fs ar e tra n s ie nt T h o s e n umb e rl e s s afli i ctio n s w h i c h r e n d e r

.
‘
,

i t d o u b tful w h e th e r H e av e n h as g i v e n l i fe to u s i n m e rcy o r i n
w ra th ar e l ess fe l t an d s o o n e r fo rg o tte n w i th th e m
, , In g e n e ral , .
,

th e i r e x i s te n c e app e ar s t o part i c i pat e m o r e o f s e n s a ti o n th a n r e

fl ec ti o n To t hi s mu s t b e a s cri b e d th e i r d i s p o s i ti o n to s l e e p w h e n
.

ab s trac te d fro m th ei r di v e rs i o n s an d u n empl o y e d i n l ab o r A n .

a n i mal w h o s e b o dy i s at r e st a n d w h o d o e s n o t r e fl e c t mu st , ,

b e d i s p o s e d to s l e e p o f c o ur s e C o mpar i n g th e m by th e i r f a c u l
, .

t i e s o f m e m o ry r e a s o n a n d i mag i n a ti o n i t app e ar s t o m e th a t i n
, , ,

m e m o ry th e y ar e e qual to t h e w h i tes ; i n r e a s o n m u ch i n fer i o r a s ,

I thi n k o n e c o uld s carc e ly b e fo u n d capabl e o f tr ac i n g a n d c o m

r e h e n di n g th e i n v es ti ga ti o n s o f E ucl i d a n d t h a t i n i mag i n a ti o n
p
th e y ar e dull t a s te l e s s an d a n o m al o u s — Je er s o n s Wo r ks Vo l
f
’
, , .
, .

VIII .
, p age 38 0 N . otes o n Vi r gi ni a ; w r i tten i n 1 782 .

Th e W e s t I n d i e s o ffe r a m o r e pro babl e an d practi cabl e r e tr e at

for th e n e gr o e s I n h ab i te d alr e ady by a p eo pl e Of th e i r o w n rac e
.

a n d c o l o r ; c li ma te s c o n g e n i al w i th th e i r n a tural c o n s ti tu ti o n ; i n

s ul a te d fr o m th e o th e r d e s cri p ti o n s o f m e n ; n a tur e s e e m s t o h av e

fo rm e d th es e i s la n d s to b e c o m e th e r e c ep tacl e o f th e black s tra n s

pla nte d i nto th i s h e m i s p h e r e W h eth e r w e c o uld o b ta i n fro m th e .

Eur o p e a n s o v e r e i g n s o f th o s e i s la n d s l e av e t o s e n d th i th e r th e p e r
s o n s u n d e r c o n s i d e ra ti o n I ca n n o t s ay ; b u t I thi n k i t m o r e pr o ba
,

b l e th a n th e fo rm e r pr o p o s i ti o n s b e c au s e o f th ei r b ei n g alr e ady ,

i n h ab i te d m o r e o r l e s s by th e s am e ra c e A fri ca w o ul d .

o ffe r a la s t an d u n d o ub te d r es o r t i f all o th e r s m o r e d e s i r abl e ,

s h o uld fa i l — J e er s o n s Wor ks Vo l I V p age 4 21

fi L etter to
’
.
, ,
. . .
fl

G ov . Monr o e , N ov . 2 4 , 1 801 .

Yo u h a ve a s k e d my o p i ni o n o n th e pr o p o s i ti o n o f Mr s Mi f .

fl i n to t ak e m e a s ur e s fo r pr o curi n g o n t h e c o a s t o f A fr i ca an
, , ,

e s tabl i s h m e n t t o w h i c h th e p eo pl e o f c o l o r o f th e s e S t at e s m i g h t ,

fro m ti m e to ti m e b e c o l o n i z e d u n d er th e au s p ic e s o f d iff e re n t
, ,

g o v e rn m e n ts H av i n g l o n g a go mad e up my m i n d o n th i s s u b
.

j e c t I h av e n o h es i tati o n i n s ay i n g th a t I al w ay s th o ugh t i t th e
,
176 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

m o s t d e si r abl e m e a s ur e w hi ch c o uld b e ad o p te d for grad u al ly

d r aw i n g o ff thi s part o f o ur p o p u la ti o n m o s t adva n tag e o u sly fo r
th e m s e lv e s as w e ll a s fo r u s G o i n g fr o m a c o u n tr y p o s s e s s i n g all
.

th e u s e ful ar ts th e y m i gh t b e th e m e a n s o f t ra n s pla n ti n g th e m
,

am o n g th e i n h ab i ta n ts o f A fr i ca an d w o uld th u s carry b ack to ,

th e c o u n try o f th e ir o ri g i n th e s e e d s o f c i vi l izati o n w h i c h m i g h t r e n ,

d er th e i r s oj o urn m en t a n d s ufl er i ngs h e r e a bl e s s i n g i n th e e n d to
’

th a t c o u ry — J efier s o n s Wor ks Vol V p age 5 63

” f ’
n t . L etter to
, . .
, .

John L ynch , Janu ar y 2 1 , 1 8 11 .

I c o n cur r ly i n y o ur l e ad i n g pri n c ipl es o f gradual e ma n

e n ti e

c ip ati o n o f e s tabl i s h m e n t o n t h e c o a s t o f A fri ca a n d th e pa tr o n

, ,

age o f o ur n a ti o n u n ti l th e e m i gra n ts s h all b e abl e to pr o te c t

th e m s e l ve s Th e s ub o rd i n a te d e ta i l s m i g h t b e e a s ily arra n g e d
. .

But th e bar e pr o p o s i ti o n o f p u rc h a s e by th e U n i te d S ta te s g e n e r
ally w o uld e xc i te i nfi n i te i n d i g n ati o n i n all th e S ta tes n o rth o f
Maryla n d Th e s acrific e m u s t fall o n th e S tate s al o n e w h i ch h o ld
.

th e m ; a n d th e d iffi c u l t q u e s ti o n w i ll b e h o w t o l e s s e n th i s s o a s t o
r e c o n ci l e o ur fell o w c i ti z e n s to i t Pe r s o n ally I am r e ady a n d
-
.

d es i r o u s to mak e a u v s acri fic e w h i ch s h all e n s u r e th e i r g r adual

b u t c o mpl e te r e ti r e m e n t fr o m th e S tate an d e ffe c tu ally a t th e , ,

s am e ti m e e s tab l i s h th e m e l s e w h e r e i n fr e e d o m a n d s afe ty
, Bu t .

I h av e n o t p e r c e i v e d th e gro w th o f thi s d i s p o s iti o n i n th e ri s i n g

g en era ti o n o f w h i ch I o n c e h a d s a n gu in e h o p es N 0 s ymp to m s
, .

i n fo rm m e th at i t w i ll tak e plac e i n my day I l e av e i t th e r e fo r e .

, ,

to ti m e a n d n o t a t all Wi th o u t h o p e th a t th e day w i ll c o m e e qually

, ,

d esi ra bl e an d w e l c o m e to u s a s to th e m J efi er s on s Wo r ks Vo l
’
.
.
,

VI L , p age 5 7 L etter to D . r . Th omas Hu mp hr eys , F ebr u ar y 8 , 1 8 1 7 .

Th e b ill o n th e s ubj e ct o f sl av e s w as a m er e d ig e s t o f th e
e x i s ti n g law s r e s p e c ti n g th e m w i th o u t a n y i nti ma ti o n o f a p l a n
,

fo r a fu tur e an d g e n e ral e ma n c i pa ti o n It w a s th o u gh t b e tte r th a t .

th i s Sh o u ld b e k e p t back a n d a tt e mp te d o n ly by way o f am e n d
,

m e n t w h e n e v e r th e b ill s h o uld b e b r o ugh t o n Th e pri n c ipl e s

,
.

o f th e am e n dm e n t h o w e v e r w e r e ag r e e d o n ; th a t i s t o s ay th e
, , ,

fre e d o m o f all b o rn afte r a c e rta i n day a n d d ep o r ta ti o n at a ,

pr o p er age But i t w a s fo u n d th at th e publ i c m i n d w o uld n o t ye t

.

b e ar th e pro p o s iti o n ; n o r w i ll i t b e ar i t e v e n at th i s day Ye t th e .

178 A ME R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG RO .

s er vati o n s o n h uma n
atur e o rd in ary l ife a n d c i v i l s o ci ety w i th
n , ,

m o ral r e fl e c ti o n s o n th e fac ts I qu o te h im a s a w i tn e s s o f t h e .

fa c t t h a t th e re i s a s much d iff e r e n c e i n th e rac e s o f m e n as i n th e

br e e d s o f s h e e p a n d a s a s h arp r epro v e r an d c e n s u r e r o f th e s o r
,

d i d m e r c e n ary prac ti c e o f d i s gr ac i n g b i rth by pr e fe rr i n g g o ld to

,

it. S u r ely n o au th o ri ty c an b e m o r e e xpr ess ly i n p o i n t t o pr o v e

th e e x i s t e n c e o f i n e qual i ti es n o t o f r i g h ts b u t o f m o ral i nte ll e c t
, , ,

u al a n d p h y s i cal i n e qual i ti es i n fam i l i e s

,
d e s c en da nts an d gen , ,

” —
e ra t io n s John A dams
. Cor r esp on dence w i th Jefi er s on N o v 1 5
.
, .
,

1813 .

I n e qual i ti e s o f m i n d an d b o dy ar e s o es tabl i sh e d by G o d A l
m i gh ty i n h i s c o n s titu ti o n o f h u ma n n a tur e th a t n o ar t o r p o l i cy
, ,

” —
c an e v e r pla n e th e m d o w n to a c o mm o n l e v e l J ohn A dams . .

Corr esp on dence wi th Jefi er s on .

I h av e
v e r r e ad r e a s o n i n g m or e ab s urd s o p h i s try m o re
ne ,

g ros s i n pro o f o f th e A th a n a s i a n cr e e d o r T r a n s ub s ta n ti a ti o n
, , ,

th a n th e s u b tl e lab o r s o f H e lv e ti u s a n d R o u s s e a u t o d e m o n s tra te ,

th e n a tural e q u al i ty o f ma n k i n d Th e g o ld e n rul e D o a s yo u .
,

w o uld b e d o n e by i s all th e e q u ality th at c an b e s upp orte d o r de

,
’

fe n d e d by r e a s o n o r r e c o n c i l e d to c o mm o n s e n s e —John A dams
,
”
. .

Cor r esp on den ce w i th Jefi er

It i s y a s i mm o r ta l b e i n g s th a t all ma nk i n d c an i n a ny
o nl ,

s e n s e b e s a i d t o b e b o r n e qual ; a n d w h e n th e D e clara ti o n o f Ih
,

d e p e n d en c e a fli r m s a s a s elf e v i d e n t tr u th th a t all m e n ar e b o r n
,
-
,

e qual i t i s pr e c i s e ly th e s am e a s i f th e a fli r m a ti o n h a d b ee n th a t
,

all m e n ar e b o r n w i th i mm o r tal s o u l s J ohn Qu i n cy A da ms . .

L etter to c i ti z ens of Bangor Ma in e Ju ly 4 1 8 4 3 , , ,

.

I w o u ld n o t d w e ll w i th any par ti cular e mp h a s i s u p o n th e s en

t im e n t w hi c h I n e v e r th e l e s s e n t e r ta i n w i th r e s p e c t t o th e g r e a t
, ,

d i v e rs i ty i n th e rac e s o f m e n I do n o t k n o w h o w far i n th a t r e .
,
‘

s p e c t I m i g h t n o t e n cr o ac h o n th o s e m y s te ri e s o f Pr o v i d e n c e
,

whi ch w h il e I ad o r e I may n ot c o mpr eh en d

, ,
” —
D ani el Webs ter .
 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG R O . 179

In my o b s ervati o n s u p o n s lav e ry as i t e x i s te d i n this c o u ntry ,

a n d a s i t n o w e x i s ts I h av e e xpr e s s e d n o o p i n i o n o f t h e m o d e o f
,

i ts e x ti n gu i s h m en t o r m e l i o rat i o n I w i ll s ay h o w e v e r th o u gh
.
, ,

I h av e n o th in g to pro p o s e b e c au s e I do n o t d e e m my s e lf s o c o m
,

p eten t a s o th er g e ntl e m en t o t ak e any l e ad o n thi s s ubj e c t th at ,

i f a n y g e n tl e ma n fr o m th e S o u th S h all pr o p o s e a s c h e m e to b e
carri e d o n by th i s g o ve r n m e nt up o n a larg e s cal e fo r th e tr a n s ,

or ta ti o n o f t h e c o l o r e d p e o pl e to a ny c o l o n y o r a ny p l ac e i n t h e
p
w o rld I s h o u ld b e q u i te d i s p o s e d to i n c u r alm o s t any d e g r e e o f
,

e xp e n s e t o a c c o mpl i s h th a t o bj e c t Webs ter s Wo r ks Vo l V

.
-
’
, . .
,

p age 364 .

It i s a qu es ti o n o f ra c e s i n v o lvi n g c o n s e qu e n c e s w h i ch go to
,

th e d es truc ti o n o f o n e o r t h e o th e r T h i s w a s s e e n fifty y e ar s.

a go a n d th e w i s d o m o f V i r g i n i a balk e d a t i t t h e n
,
It s e e m s to .

b e ab o v e h uma n r e a s o n n o w Bu t th e r e i s a w i s d o m ab o v e h u
.

m an a n d t o th a t w e mu s t l o o k
,
In th e m e a n t i m e d o n o t e x te n d
.

th e e v i l Tho mas Ha r t Ben to n

. .

Of th e u til i ty o f a to tal s ep a r a ti o n o f th e tw o i n c o ngru o u s p o r

ti o n s o f o ur p o pu l ati o n (s u pp o s i n g i t t o b e prac ti cabl e ) n o n e h av e
e v e r d o u b te d Th e m o d e o f acc o mpl i s hi n g th a t d es i rabl e o bj e c t
.

h as al o n e d i vi d e d publ i c o p i ni o n C o l o n i za ti o n i n H ay ti fo r a
.

ti m e h a d i ts par ti s a n s W i th o u t th ro w i n g a ny i mp e d i m e nts i n
.

th e way o f e x e cu ti n g th a t s c h e m e th e A m e ri ca n C o l o n i za ti o n,

S o c i e ty h a s s te ad ily ad h e r e d t o i ts o w n Th e H ayti e n pr oj e c t h as.

pa s s e d away Co l o ni za ti o n b ey o n d th e S to ny Mo u nta in s h as
.

s o m e ti m e s b e e n pr o p o s e d ; b u t i t w o uld b e a tte n d e d w i th a n e x

p en s e a n d difii c ul ti es far s urpa s s i n g th e A fri ca n proj e c t w h il s t ,

” —
i t w o uld n ot u ni te th e s am e a ni mati n g m o ti v e s Henr y Clay . .

Sp eech i n the H ou s e of R ep r es enta ti ves 1 82 7 , .

Ho w a tural h as i t b e en to a s s um e th at th e m o ti v e o f th o s e
n

w h o h av e pr o te s te d agai n s t th e e x te n s i o n o f s lav e ry w a s a n n u
n a tu r al s ympath y w i th th e n e gr o i ns te ad o f w h a t i t al w ay s h a s
,

r e ally b e e n c o n c e rn fo r th e w e lfar e o f th e w h i te m an Wi l
li a m H S ewar d. . Sp eech at D etr o i t, S ep tember 4 , 1 8 60
180 A M E RI CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

Th e gr e a t fac t i s n ow fully r e ali z e d th at th e A fri ca n rac e h er e

i s a fo r e i g n an d fe e bl e e l e m e n t l ik e th e I n d i a n s In capabl e o f a s
, ,

s i m il ati o n , a n d th a t i t i s a p i tif ul e x o ti c u n w i s e ly a n d

u nn e c e ss ari ly tra n s pla n te d i n to o u r fi e ld s a n d w hi c h i t i s u n ,

pr o fi tabl e to cul ti va te a t th e c o s t of th e d es ola ti o n o f th e n ati v e

v i n eyard — Wi lli am H S ewa r d Sp eech a t D etr oi t S ep tember
. . .
,

4 , 1 8 60 .

I h av e s ai d th a t I do n o t u n d ers ta n d th e D e clarati o n o f I n d e
e n de n c e t o m e a n t h a t all m e n ar e cr e a te d e qual i n all r e s p e c ts
p .

C e rta i nly th e n e gr o i s n o t o u r e qual i n c o l o r — p e r h ap s n o t i n ,

ma n y o th e r r es p e cts I did n ot at any ti m e s ay I w a s i n

.

fav o r o f n e gro s u ff rag e Tw i c e — o n c e s ub s ta nti ally an d o n c e

.
, ,

e xpr es s ly — I d e clar e d aga i n s t i t

,
I am n o t i n fav o r o f
.

n e gr o c i ti z e n s h i p A br a ha m L i n coln
. D ebates wi th D o uglas i n .
,

I lli n oi s , 1 8 58 .

I am n o t a n d n e v e r h av e b e en i n fav o r o f mak i n g v o ters o r

, ,

j ur o rs o f n e gr o es n o r o f qual i fy i ng th e m to h o ld o ffic e n or to
, ,

i n te rmarry w i th w h i te s ; a n d I w i ll s ay fur th e r i n add i ti o n to th i s , ,

th a t th e r e i s a p h y s i cal d iffe r e n c e b etw e e n th e bla c k a n d w hi te

rac e s w h i ch I b el i e v e w i ll fo r e v e r fo rb i d th e tw o rac e s l iv i n g to
,

g e th e r o n te rm s o f s o c i al an d p ol i ti cal e qual ity — A br aham L i n .

”

c oln . D ebates w i th D ougla s i n Illi n oi s , 1 8 5 8 .

I w i ll to th e v e ry la s t sta n d b y th e l aw o f th e
, , S tate w hi ch
fo rb i d s th e marry i n g o f w h i te p e o pl e w i th n egr o es .
” — A br aha m

L i n coln . Sp eech at Columbus , O hi o , S ep tember 1 8 5 9 , .

W Vhy s h o ul d n o t th e p e o pl e o f y o ur rac e b e c o l o n i z e d ! W h y
s h o u ld th e y n o t l e av e t hi s c o u n try ! T h i s i s p erh ap s th e firs t , ,

qu e s ti o n for c o n s i d e rati o n Yo u an d w e ar e a d i ffe r en t rac e

. .

Vil e h av e b e tw e e n u s a bro ad e r d iffe r e n c e t h a n e x i s ts b e tw e en

alm o s t a ny o th e r t w o rac es Wh e th e r i t i s ri gh t o r wr o n g
.
,

I n ee d n o t d i s cu ss ; b u t thi s p h ys i cal d i ff e r en c e i s a gr e a t di s a d
van tag e to us b o th , as I th ink yo ur rac e s u ffers gr e a tl y ma ny ,
182 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

sa k e o f y o ur rac e yo u sh o uld s acrific e s o m eth i n g o f y o ur pr e s ent

c o mfo r t fo r th e purp o s e o f b ei n g a s gra n d i n th at r e sp e c t a s th e
,

w hi te p eo pl e It i s a ch e e ri n g th o ugh t th ro ug h o u t l i fe th at s o m e
.
,

th i n g c a n b e d o n e to am e l i o ra te th e c o n d i ti o n o f th o s e w h o h av e
b e en s ubj e c t to th e h ard u s ag e s o f th e w o rld It i s d iffi c ul t to .

mak e a m an m i s erabl e w h i l e h e feel s th at h e i s w o rth y o f h im s el f ,

a n d cla i m s k i n dr e d w i th th e gr e a t G o d w h o mad e h i m ! In th e
A m e r i ca n r e v o lu ti o n ary war s acri fic e s w e r e mad e by m e n e u
,

gag e d i n i t b ut th e y w e r e c h e e r e d by th e futur e G en e ral VVa Sh

, .

i n gto n hi m s e lf e n d u r e d gr e a te r p h y s i cal h ard s h i p s th a n if h e h ad

r e mai n e d a Bri ti sh s ubj e c t ; ye t h e w a s a h appy m an b e cau s e h e ,

w as e n gag e d i n b e n e fi ti n g hi s rac e a n d i n d o i n g s o m e th i ng fo r
,

t h e c h i ldr e n o f hi s n e i gh b o r s h av i n g n o n e o f h i s o w n
,
— A br aham .
”

L i ncoln . A dd r ess to a D ep utati on Of N egr o es Ju ne 1 8 6 2 , , .

I b el i e v e thi s g o v e rn m e n t w as m ad e by w hite m en fo r th e ,

b en efi t o f w h ite m e n a n d th e i r p o s te ri ty fo r e v e r ; a n d I am i n
fav o r o f c o nfi ni n g c i ti z e n s hip t o w hite m e n — m e n o f Euro p e a n ,

b i rth a n d d es c e n t i n s te ad o f c o n fe rri n g i t u p o n n e gro e s I n d i a ns

, , ,

a n d o th e r i n fe r i o r ra c e s — S te hen A ”
D ougla s D ebates wi th
p . . .

L i ncoln i n I lli no i s , 1 8 5 8 .

A ll th e arly patri o ts o f th e S o u th — \Va sh i ngt o n J e ffers o n

e , ,

M ad i s o n Mo n r o e J ack s o n Cl ay a n d o th e r s — w e r e th e a dvo
, , , ,

cates o f e ma n c ipa ti o n an d c o l o n i za ti o n Th e patri o ts o f th e N o r th

.

c o n curr e d i n th e d e s i g n Is th e fac ti o n n o w o pp o s i n g i t pa tr i o ti c
.

o r p h i la n th r o p i c ! A r e th e y n o t ra th e r l ik e C al h o u n w o r k i n g
, ,

th e n e g r o qu e s ti o n t o a c c o mpl i s h s c h e m e s o f s elfi s h amb i ti o n a n d , ,

afte r h i s m eth o d mak i n g a bala n c e o f p o w e r party o f a p h al a n x

,

o f d e lud e d fa n a ti c s k e e p i n g th e U n i o n a n d th e p u bl i c p e ac e p er
,

p e t u ally i n da n g e r a n d s
, e e k i n g p o w e r i n th e g o v e r n m e n t t h r ou gh

i ts d i s tr ac ti o n s ! Th e au th o r o f th e D e cla r a ti o n o f I n d e p e n d e n c e
a n d h i s a s s o c i a te s d e clar e d eq u a l r i gh ts i mprac ti cabl e i n s o c i e ty

c o n s ti tu te d o f ma s s e s o f d iffe r e n t rac e s D e T o c qu e v i ll e th e
.
,

m o s t p r o fo u n d w ri te r o f th e Old W o rld o n A m e ri can i n s ti tu ti o n s ,

p r e d i cts th e e x te rm in ati o n o f th e bla c k s i f i t i s a tte m pte d to c o n

,

fer s u c h r ig h t s o n t h e m i n th e U n i te d St a te s It i s o bv i o u s th at
.

a n e l e c ti o n w o uld b e a m o ck e r y i n a c o mmu n ity w h e r e i n th e r e

 A ME R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 1 83

co uld be n o o th e r par ti e s In SL t c o mm u
th a n bla ck and whi te .

n i ti e s r e a s o n an d e xp er i e n c e Sh o w th a t o n e o r th e o th e r ra c e
,

m u s t b e th e d o m i n a n t rac e an d th a t d e m o cracy i s i mp o s s i bl e
, .

T hi s i s n o t l e s s o bv i o u s to th e Ph ill ip s s c h o o l th a n i t i s to th e Cal
h o u n s c h o o l w h o c o n c u r i n o pp o s i n g th e p o l i cy o f M r J e ffe rs o n
,
.
,

a d op te d by th e pre si d e nt i nte n d e d to e ffe c tua te th e d e s i g n o f o u r

,

fa th er s to e s tabl i s h p o pular g o v e rn m e nt Th e y c o n c u r i n pr e ss .

i n g h e r e th e a n tag o n i s m o f rac e s an d o n ly d iff e r i n l o o k i n g to ,

d i ff e re nt rac e s to g i v e th e m p o w e r Th e r es ul t o f thi s a n tag o n i s m .

,

s o far a s p o pular g o v e r nm e n t i s c o n c e rn e d w o uld b e th e s am e if ,

e i th e r c o uld s u cc e e d i n t h e i r s c h e m es ; an d yo u w o u ld s carc e l y

h av e muc h pr e fe r e n c e b e tw e e n b ei n g g o v e rn e d by J e ff D av i s a s .
,

th e l e ad e r o f th e S lav e Po w e r a n d W e n d e ll Phi ll ip s a s th e , ,

l e ad e r o f th e e n fr a n chi s e d black s Bu t n eith e r c an s ucc e e d E v e n . .

th e C al h o u n s c h e m e matur e d th r o ugh s o ma n y y e ar s o f i n tr i gu e
,

by m e n v e r s e d i n pub li c a ff a ir s an d a tte n d e d w i th a t e mp o rary ,

s u c c e s s i s a fa i lur e a s a g o v e r n i n g c o n tri va n c e t h o ug h p o te nt
, ,

s til l t o s pr e ad ru i n w i d e ly th r o u g h th e l a n d a n d e s p e c i ally ,

to d e s o la te th e h o m es o f h i s d e lud e d fo ll o w e r s Th e Ph i ll i p s .

s c h e m e i s th e dr e am o f v i s i o n ar i es w h o lly u n s k i ll e d i n g o v e r n

m en t an d w i ll b e a fa il u r e fro m th e s tart H e may i n tu r n

, .
, ,

mak e v i c ti m s o f th e n e gr o e s as C al h o u n h as o f th ei r ma ste rs , .

Bu t I th i n k n o t T h ey ar e n o t amb i ti o u s o f rul i n g w hite m e n

.
,

an d w i ll I b e l i e v e b e c o n te n te d t o s e t u p fo r th e m s e lv e s i n s o m e
, , ,

n e i g h b o r i n g a n d c o n g e n i al cl i m e o n t h e pla n o f J e ffe rs o n a n d ,

L incoln ”
Elfontgomery Bla i r Sp eech a t Co n co r d N H Jun e 1 7
. .
, . .
, ,

1 8 63 .

Th e pr o bl e m b e fo r e u s i s th e prac ti cal o n e o f d e al i ng w ith th e

r elati o n s o f ma s s es o f tw o d iffe r e nt rac e s i n th e s am e c o mmu ni ty .

Th e calam i ti es n o w u p o n u s h av e b ee n br o ug h t ab o u t a s I h av e ,

alr e ady s a i d n o t by the g r i e va n c e s o f th e cla s s clai mi n g pr o p e r ty

,

i n s lav e s b u t by t h e j e al o u sy o f ca s te awak e n e d by th e s e c e s s i o n
,

i s tS i n th e n o n s lav eh o ld e r s In c o n s i d e ri n g th e m e a n s o f s e c u r i n g
-
.

th e p e ac e o f th e c o u n try h e r e afte r i t i s t h e r e fo r e th i s j e al o u s y , , ,

o f rac e w h i c h i s c h i e fly t o b e c o n s i d e r e d E ma n c ipa ti o n al o n e .

w o uld n o t r e m o v e i t It w a s by pr o cla i m in g to th e lab o ri ng

.

Wh i tes wh o fill th e arm i es o f r eb ell i o n th at th e e l e ctio n o f Mr

, , .

L i n c ol n i nv o lv e d e ma n cipa ti o n e q ual i ty o f th e n e gro es w i th t h em

,
 184 A M ER I CA N WRI TER S ON TH E N EG RO .

and c o n s e qu e ntly amalgamatio n th at th e i r j e al o u s y w as s ti mu

'

la te d to th e fig h ti n g p o i nt N o r i s th i s j e al o u sy th e fr u i t o f m e re
.

i g n o r a n c e a n d bad p a s s i o n a s s o m e s upp o s e o r c o n fi n e d t o th e
, ,

w h i te p e o pl e o f th e So u th O n th e c o ntrary i t b el o n g s t o all
.
,

ra c e s a n d li k e all p o p u lar i ns ti n c ts pro c ee d s fro m th e high e s t

, , ,

w i s d o m It i s i n fac t th e i ns ti n c t o f s e lf pres e rvati o n w hi ch

.
, ,
-

r e v o l ts at h ybri d i s m N or d o e s thi s i n s ti nc t m i l itate agai n s t th e

.

n atural law th a t all m e n ar e cr e a te d e qual if a n o th e r law o f

, ,

n a tur e e qually o bvi o u s i s o b e y e d

, W e h av e b u t to r es to r e th e
, .

s ubj e c t rac e to th e s am e o r t o a r e g i o n s i m i lar to th a t fr o m w hi c h

,

i t w a s br o ug h t by v i o l e n c e t o mak e i t o p e ra ti v e ; a n d s uch a s e p
,
o

ara ti o n o f rac es w as th e c o n d iti o n w h i ch th e i mm o rtal au th o r o f

th e D e clarati o n hi m s elf d e clar e d t o b e i n d i s p e n s abl e to g i v e i t
prac ti cal e ffe c t A th eo ri s t n o t l iv i n g i n a c o mmu ni ty w h e re
.
,

d i v e r s e rac e s ar e br o ugh t i n c o n tac t i n ma s s e s m ay s ti fl e th e v o i c e ,

o f n a tur e i n h i s o w n b o s o m a n d fr o m a d ete rm i n a ti o n to l i v e up
, ,

to a m i s tak e n v i e w o f th e d o c tri n e go s o far as to e x te n d s o c i al ,

i nt e rc o u r s e t o i n d i v i d u al s o f th e s ubj e c t rac e B u t fe w e v e n o f .

s uc h p e r s o n s w o u ld pu r s u e th e i r th eo ri es s o far as amalgama ti o n

a n d o th e r l e g i ti ma te c o n s e qu e n c e s o f th e i r l o g i c Montgomer y .
’

B la i r . L etter r ea d a t the Co op er I ns ti tu te, N . Y Mar ch 6 1 8 63

.
, , .

W hi te m e n h av e fo r c e ntu ri e s b e e n accu s to m e d to v o te .

T h ey h av e b o rn e all th e r e s p o n s i b i l i ti e s a nd d is c h a r g e d all th e
du ti e s o f fr ee a am o n g fr e e m e n ; a n d i t i s a v e ry diff e r e nt th i n g
t o tak e away fr o m a fr e e ma n a pri v i l e g e l o n g e x e rc i s e d by hi m
a n d by hi s a n c e s to r s fr o m w h a t i t i s t o c o nfe r o n e n e v e r b e fo r e
,

e nj o y e d up o n i g n o ra n t h alf c i v i l i z e d A fr i ca n s j u s t r el e a s e d fr o m
,
-

s lav e ry T h r e e g e n era ti o n s ba c k ma ny o f th e m w e r e ca nni bal s

.

an d s avag e s o f th e l o w e s t typ e o f h uma n k i n d Th e o nly

c i vi l iz a ti o n th e y h av e i s th a t w h i c h th ey h av e r e c e i ve d duri n g
th e i r s lav e ry i n A m e r i ca To c o n fe r th i s g r e a t p r i vi l e g e u p o n t h e
.

m o r e e nl i g h te n e d n e gr o e s mi g h t ten d to el e va te th e ma s s i n th e
end . But t o c o n fe r i t n o w u p o n th e i r i g n o ra n t h o rd e s c an o nly
d e grad e th e ball o t an d th e r ep u bl i can i ns titu ti o n s w h i ch r e s t u p o n
it. N 0 a n s w e r t o th i s v i e w h a s e v e r b e e n g i v e n n o a n s w e r c a n ,

b e g i v e n by th e fri e n d s o f u n i v e r s al n e gr o s u ff r ag e e xc e p t thi s
, ,

T h e i g n o ra n t fo r e i g n e r i s all o w e d to v o te w h y n o t l et th e i gn o ,
‘

rant n e gro v o te ! Th u s to c ompar e th e c ivil iz e d Euro p e a n accu s ,

 186 A ME RI CA N WRI TER S ON TH E N EG RO .

up o n th e rac e s o f ma nk i n d b e cau s e i t a ttempts to fo rc e a p oli ti

,

cal a n d s o ci al a n d u n n a tural e qu al i ty b etw e e e n th e A fri ca n an d

t h e C a u ca s i a n — b e tw e e n a n al i e n i n fe r i o r a n d e x o ti c r ac e fr o m
, , ,

t h e tr o p i c s w i th th e h i g h es t typ e o f th e h uma n rac e i n t h e h o m e

,

o f t h e la tt e r i n t h e t e mp e ra te z o n e S e c o n d : I i mp e ac h i t a s a
.

c r i m e aga i n s t c iv i l i z ati o n b e cau s e i t w o uld by fo rc e wre n ch th e

,

g o v e rn m e nt o ut o f th e h a n d s o f th e ci vi l i z e d w h ite rac e i n t e n
S tate s o f thi s U n i o n to plac e i t i n th e h a n d s o f th e h alf c i v i l i z e d
,
-

A fr i ca n . T h i rd : I i mp e ac h i t a s a cri m e aga i n s t th e c o n sti tu ti o n ,

b e ca u s e i t trampl e s d o w n th e r i gh ts o f th e S ta te s to fix fo r th e m
s e lv e s th e qual i fica ti o n s o f th e i r o w n v o te r s — a r i g h t w i th o u t ,

w hi ch a S ta te c e a s e s t o b e r epu bl i ca n at all Fo ur th : I i mp e ac h .

i t a s a c r i m e aga i n s t th e c o n s ti tu ti o n a n d aga i n s t n a ti o n al fa i th ,

b e cau s e i t a n n ul s th e pard o n s c o n sti tuti o n ally gra nte d to h u n d r e d s

o f th o u s a n d s o f th e m o s t i n te ll i g e n t w hi te m e n o f th e S o u th a n d ,

i n o p e n palpabl e v i o la ti o n o f th e C O D StltlI IO Il d i s fr a n c h is e s t h e m
, L , .

Fi fth : I i m p e ach i t a s a cri m e aga i n s t th e e x i s te n c e o f t e n S ta te s

o f th e U n i o n a n d th e l ib er ti e s o f e i g h t m i ll i o n s o f p e o pl e b e cau s e ,

i n e xpr es s t e rm s i t a nn ul s all c i vi l g o v e r n m e n t by w h i c h al o n e ,

th o s e l i b e r ti es may b e s e cur e d a n d p l ac e s t h e m u n d e r a n ab s o l u te
,

m il i tary d es p o ti s m S i x th : I i mp e a c h i t a s a cri m e aga i n s t h u

.

m a n i ty t e n d in g t o pr o d u c e a war o f rac e s to th e u tte r d e s tr u c ti o n

, ,

o f o n e o r b o th — a r e s u l t w hi c h ca n n o t b e pr e v e nte d e xc e p t by a
,

la r g e s ta n d i n g a r my w hi c h n e i th e r r e s o u rc e s w i ll b e a r n o r o u r
,

l i ab i l i ti e s l o n g s urv i v e S e v e n th : I i mp e ac h i t as a n u tte r aba n

.

d o n m e n t o f th e pu r p o s e fo r w h i c h th e w ar w a s pr o s e c u te d o f th e ,

i d e a u p o n w h i c h w e fo ug h t a n d ma s te r e d a r e b e ll i o n — Ja mes .

R . D o ol i ttl e . S p eech at H ar tf or d Conn , .

, Mar ch 1 1 , 1 8 68 .

I k n o w i t i s s ai d th at th e o bj e c ti o n w h i ch i s fel t o n th e par t o f
th e w h i te p o p u la ti o n o f t h i s c o u n tr y t o l i v i n g s i d e by s i d e i n s o c i al
a n d c i v i l e q u al i ty w i th th e n e g r o rac e i s all a m e r e p r ej u d i c e o f

c a s te . Bu t i ts fo u n da ti o n s ar e la i d d e e p e r th a n m e r e pr ej ud i c e .

It i s a n i n s ti n c t o f o u r n a tur e M e n may th e o ri z e o n th e c o n d i
.

t i o n o f th e t w o rac e s l i vi n g to g e th e r b u t th e thi n g i s i mp o s s ib l e
,

t h e i n s ti n c ts o f b o th par ti es ar e agai n s t i t
”
S en ator D o o li ttle .
,

o
f W i s co ns i n .
 A M E R I CA N WRI TE R S ON TH E N EG R O . 18 7

Of all th e d elu si o n s I h av e e v e r k n o w n th e i d e a o f p o l iti cal ,

e qual i ty b e t w e e n t h e black a n d w hi te rac e s s ee m s to m e th e g r e a t

e st. Fo r m o r e th a n fo u r th o u s a n d y e ars th e hi s to ry o f th i s w o rld

h a s b e e n w r i tte n a n d i n all th a t ti m e th e r e i s n o t o n e r e c o rd e d
,

a n nal o f a c iv i li z e d n e g ro g o v e rn m e n t ; th e r e i s n o t o n e i n s ta n c e
o f p o l i ti cal e qual i ty b e tw e e n th e tw o rac es th a t h as n o t pr o v e d

i nj u ri o u s to b o th ; a n d ye t i t i s pr o p o s e d to c o n fe r up o n an i n fe ri o r
rac e th e d o m i n i o n o v e r o n e thi rd o f th e r epubl i c a n d to mak e i t -
,

a b ala n c e o f p o w e r th a t n i n e ti m e s o ut o f t en w o uld fo r th a t
, , ,

re a s o n c o n tr o l th e w h o l e c o u n try
,
T h e r e c an b e b u t o n e e n d t o .

thi s s c h e m e i f i t b e mu c h l o n g e r pr o s e cu te d
, It i s i mp o s s i bl e .

th a t t h e ra c e to w hi c h w e b e l o n g c an s u bm i t t o n e g r o d o m i n ati o n ;
i t i s i mp o s s i b l e th a t s o i n fe ri o r a rac e a s th e n e g r o c a n c o mp e te
w i th th e w h i te m an i n th e bu s i n e s s much l e s s th e p o l iti c s o f th e , ,

c o u ntry Th e e x ter m i n ati o n o f th e n e gr o or hi s ex pul si on fro m

.
,

thi s c o u n tr y mu s t b e th e i n e v i tabl e r es ul t o f th e R ad i cal p o l i cy

, ,

i f p e r s i s te d i n But b e fo r e t h at h app e n s w h a t u n to ld e v i l s may

.
,

awa i t u s w h a t a n arch y w h a t c o n fus i o n w h a t i mp o v e ri s h m en t

, , , ,

w h a t d i stre s s W o r s e th a n Me x i c o w o r s e th a n th e S o u th A m e ri ,

c a n R e p u b n c s w i ll b e th e c o n di ti o n o f a larg e p o rti o n o f t h i s
‘
’

c o u n try i f th at p o li cy p r evai l s ! A n d h e r e l e t m e cau ti o n yo u

, .
,

my fri e n d s th at th e qu es ti o n o f n agro s u ffr ag e w as n o t s e ttl e d by

,

y o ur v o te s la s t O c to b e r It i s tru e th a t yo u v o te d i t d o w n i n
.

O h i o b u t i t i s e qually tru e th a t w h a t yo u r e fu s e to p erm i t h e r e

,

o u ar e a s k e d to i mp o s e u p o n o th e r s I t i s e qually t ru e t h a t w h a t
y .

o u h av e s o l e m n ly c o n d e m n e d a R ad i cal C o n gr e s s may i mp o s e
y ,

u p o n yo u i n s i te o f y o ur c o n d e m n a ti o n i mp o s e u p o n yo u by
p
-
,

a n am e n d m e n t t o th e C o n s ti tu ti o n o f th e U n i te d S ta te s rat i fi e d ,

by o th e r S ta te s th o u gh r ej e c te d by O h i o If yo u w o uld guard
, .

agai n s t n e gro s u ff ra g e i f yo u w o uld g uard agai n s t p o l i ti cal

,

e qual i ty w i th th e n e gr o yo u mu s t n o t b e s a ti s fi e d w i th s e n d i n g i ts
’

O pp o n e n ts t o th e L e g i s la tur e o f y o ur o w n S ta t e b u t yo u mu s t ,

k e e p i ts adv o cate s o u t o f th e h all s o f Co n gre s s ”

S en a tor Thur .

m an , f
O O hi o . Sp eech a t Ilf a n
sfi eld , J a n 2 1 , 1 868
. .

W h ate v e r may h av e b e e n th e s ympa th i e s o f th e N o r th o n th e

q u es ti o n o f fr e e d o m fr o m s lav e ry yo u n e e d n o t thi n k th e y w i ll b e ,

w i th th e n e gr o i n t hi s h o rri bl e c o n te s t n o w i mm i n e n t ; fo r w h e n
th e n o rth e r n m an s e es th e m o th e r an d c hi ldr e n e s c ap i n g fr o m th e
1 88 A ME R I CA N WRI TER S ON TH E N E G R O .

burni n g h o m e th at h as sh el ter e d an d prote c te d th e m ; w h en h e

h e ar s th e s cr e am s o f b e au ty a n d i nn o c en c e i n t h e fl ig h t fr o m
purs u i n g lu s t i f e v e r h e v e n e ra te d a m o th e r o r l o v e d a Si s te r o r
, ,

w i fe hi s h e art an d h a n d w i ll b e fo r th e pal e fac e d w o man a n d

,
-

child o f hi s o w n rac e W h ate v e r may h av e b e e n th e sympathi e s

.

o f th e N o r th fo r t h e n e gr o i n th e cla i m mad e o n hi s b e h alf for

c i vi l ri gh ts j u s t an d g e n e ro u s m en w i ll turn w i th h o rro r fro m th e

,

c o n gr e s si on al p ol i cy th a t plac e s th e w h ite rac e u n d e r th e p o w e r

a n d g o v e rn m e n t o f th e n e g r o e s a n d s e e k s to e s tabl i s h n e gr o
,

S ta te s i n th e Un i o n Yo u h av e t ak e n th e r o b e s o f p o l i t
.

i cal p o w e r o ff th e s h o uld er s o f w hi te m en an d yo u h av e p u t ,

t h e m up o n th e s h o uld e rs o f n e gr o e s G e n tl e m e n ma y m o ral i z e
.

i n s o l e m n to n e s as i f th ey cam e fro m th e to mb ab o u t th e gal

, ,

la n try an d d i sti n g u i sh e d s e rv i c e s o f th e n e gro e s i n th e war I .

c a n te ll yo u th a t w i th all t h e p o l iti cal a n d par ty amb i ti o n yo u

h av e w i th all th e par ty p o w e r yo u h a v e yo u h av e n o t p o w e r t o
, ,

t ak e t h e garla n d s fr o m th e br o w s o f th e W hi te s o ld i e rs a n d p u t
th e m o n th e h e ad s o f th e n e gr o e s Yo u ca n n o t d o i t Wh a t i s
. .

r ig h t w i ll s ta n d A n d I c an tell yo u th at all o v e r thi s l a n d i n

.
,

e v e ry n e i g h b o r h o o d th e r e ar e th e s o ld i e r s th a t h av e r etur n e d
,

h o m e w h o w i ll v i n d ica te a n d d e fe n d t h e i r o w n h o n o r aga i n s t thi s

,

e ffo r t t o appr o pri a t e t h e gl o r y of th e w hi te b o y s to th e n e gro es .

T h e r e w as n o t a ba ttl e i n th e war th a t w as w o n by th e n e gro es .

Th e r e i s n o t a p oi n t th a t w as carri e d b y th e m My c o l .

l e agu e h as s p o k e n o f a c o l u m n — th e c o lum n o f c o n gr e s s i o n al
,

r e c o n structio n — a n d h as s a i d th a t i t i s n o t h e w n o f a s i n gl e
,
‘

s to n e b u t i s c o mp o s e d o f ma n y bl o ck s I thi n k h e i s r igh t Its

’
, . .

fo u nda ti o n i s th e h ar d fl i n t s to n e o f m il i tary rul e bro ugh t fro m th e

-
,

qu arri es o f A u s tri a an d u p o n th a t fo u n da ti o n r e sts th e bl o ck fro m

,

A fri ca a n d i t i s th e n c e carri e d to i ts to pm o s t p o i n t w i th fragm e nts

, .

o f o u r br o k e n i n s ti tu ti o n s T h at c o lum n w i ll n o t s ta n d It w i ll
. .

fall an d i ts arch i te c ts w ill b e cru sh e d b e n e a th i ts ru i n s In i ts

, .

s t e ad th e p eo pl e w i ll u p h o ld thi r ty s e v e n s ta te ly an d b e au ti ful
-

c o lum n s pur e an d w h i te a s Pa r i a n marbl e u p o n w hi ch s h all r e s t

, ,

fo r e v e r th e g r a n d s tru c tur e o f th e A m eri ca n U ni o n ”

Th omas .

A . Hen dr i cks . Sp eech i n the S en ate, F ebr u ar y, 1 8 68 .

I lay d o w n th e prop o sitio n s th a t th e w hite an d black rac es

th r i v e b est apar t ; th a t a c o mm i ngl i n g o f th e s e rac e s i s a d etr i
 190 A ME R I CA N WRI TE R S ON TH E N EG RO .

b ein g c o mpatibl e w i th o ur s y s te m o f State s o v e r ei g nty an d fe d eral

s upr e macy I a s s e rt th at i t i s i mp ol i ti c da n g ero u s d egrad i ng
, , , .

a n d u nju s t to th e w hi te m e n o f O h i o a n d o f th e N o r th to all o w
”—
s uc h i mm i gra ti o n S S Cox E ight Year s i n Congres s p ages
. . . .
,

2 4 3, 24 4 .

Th e C auca s i a n , or w h i te m an i s five
fe e t an d b etw e en n i ne
a n d t e n i n c h e s h i g h ; th e Es qu i maux fo ur fe e t a n d s e v e n i n c h e s

h i g h ; th e M o ng o l i a n typ e t o w h i ch th e C hi n e s e b e l o n g fi ve
, ,

fe et a n d b etw e en fo ur a n d five i n ch es h i gh Th e C auca s i a n .

typ e w e i g h s o n e h u n dr e d a n d fifty s i x p o u n d s ; th e Es qu i maux -

n i n e ty s e v e n p o u n d s ; th e M o n g o l o n e h u n dr e d a n d th i rty tw o
- -

p o u n d s Th e C auca si a n l i v e s t o b e s ix ty si x y e ar s an d fo ur m o n th s
.
-

o ld ; th e M o n g o l t o b e fi fty th r e e y e ar s o l d ; a n d th e Es qu i maux
-

t o b e fo rty o n e y e ar s o l d
-
Th e l ife i n s ura n c e c o mpa n i e s o f E u
.
-

r o p e and A m e ri ca all pr e d i ca te th e i r p ol i c i e s up o n th e fac t th at

w h ite m e n a n d w o m e n l i v e to b e s i x ty s i x y e ars an d fo ur m o n th s -

o l d o n a n av e rag e T hi s av e rag e i s b a s e d u p o n o b s e rva ti o n s o n

.

th e dura ti o n o f m o r e th a n s i x m ill i o n l i v e s Th e s ta ti s ti c s o f th e .

Bri ti s h a n d Fr e n c h arm i e s ar e full o f e v i d e n c e g o i n g t o S h o w a n d

to pr o v e th a t i n h e i g h t a n d w e ig h t n o t w o rac e s o f m e n h av e yet
b e e n fo u n d al ik e Th e fe e t a n d h a n d s th e arm s an d l e g s ar e n u
. , ,

l ik e i a m e a s ur e m e n t Th e h a n d o f th e n eg r o i s o n e tw elfth l o n g e r
.
-

a n d o n e te n th br o ad e r th a n th e h a n d o f th e w hi te m an ; h i s fo o t
-

i s o n e e i g h th l o n g e r a n d o n e n i n th br o ad e r t h a n th e W h ite ma n s ;
’
- -

h i s fo r e arm i s o n e te nth s h o r te r ; an d th e s am e i s t ru e o f th e b o n e s
-

fr o m th e k n e e to th e a nkl e T h e s e la s t s ta te d m e a s u r e m ents ar e
.
-

g i v e n u p o n th e a u th o ri ty o f S ir Ch arl e s L y ell T h e r e h as n o t ye t .

b e e n fo u n d a s far a s I c an l e arn o n e b o n e i n th e s k el e to n o f th e
, ,

w hi te m an w h i c h d o e s n o t d iffe r b o th i n w e i g h t an d m e a s u r e m e nt
fro m i ts fe ll o w b o n e w hi c h may b el o n g to a ny o th e r typ e o f m an
- .

Th e s k e l eto n i s u nl ik e i n th e w h o l e i n w e i g h t an d m e a s ur e m e n t ,

a n d u n l i k e i n e v e ry b o n e o f i t Th es e av erag e d ifier en c e s o ug h t
.

to b e c o n clu s i v e th a t th e y ca n n o t a n d d o n o t b el o n g to th e s am e
typ e ; a n d t h es e u n vary i n g di s s i m i lar i ti es mu s t b e pr o duc e d by
cau s e s w hi ch ar e n o t acc i d ental — Wi lli am JlI ungen Sp eech i n .
.

the H ous e f
o R ep r es entati ves , Ju ly 1 0, 1 867

So m e o f o ur p e opl e w ho pr eten d to s ee i n th e I ndi an , th e

 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 19 1

Ch i n ama n , th e E s qu i maux , p e ci ally th e A fri ca n a m an and an d es ,

a br o th er clai m th at all t h e w i d e an d i mpa s s abl e d i ff e r en c es w hi ch

,
’

a r e fo u n d b e tw e e n th e rac es o r typ es o f m e n h av e b ee n p r o

d u c e d by acc i d e n tal cau s e s by cl i ma te a n d by amalgama ti o n s , , .

I h av e alre ady for th e pr es e n t at l e a s t s ufli c i e n tly a n s w er e d th e

, ,

cl i mati c par t o f t hi s pro p o s i ti o n a n d h av e o n ly to s ay th a t if i t b e ,

tru e a s h e ld by my R ad i cal fr i e n d s th at th e n e gr o i s a m an an d
, ,

a bro th er t h a t h e i s th e o ff s pri n g o f A dam

,
’
th a t th e r e w a s i n , ,

o th e r w o rd s b ut o n e rac e a t fir s t — h o w th e r e c o uld h av e b e e n
'

, ,

amal g ama ti o n s I ca nn o t i mag i n e A mal gamati o n i n th e s e n s e

’
.
,

i n w hi c h th e y u s e i t i mpl i e s a plural ity o f rac e s

, j u s t w h a t e th n o l ,

o gi s ts cla i m b u t i n fac t i t up se ts th e R ad i cal th e o ry o f th e u ni ty

o f rac es up o n w hi ch mu st d e p en d th ei r w h o l e argum e n t i n fav o r
’
,

of e qual i ty a n d fra te rn i ty Fo r as s o o n as th e y adm it th a t th e’

.

rac e s ar e o f d i ff e r e n t o ri g in s th ey c an n o l o n g e r cla i m th at all

rac es a r e e qual any m o r e th a n th e y c an cla i m t h at th e h o rs e
,

a n d th e ass ar e e qual Th e pri n ci pl e o n w hi c h th e argu

.

m e nt r e s ts i s i d e n ti cal M i s c e g e n a ti o n i s a s ubj e c t o f
.

va s t i mp o rta n c e to s o c i ety to p o s te ri ty a n d e s p ec i ally at th e pr e s

, ,

e n t ti m e t o t h e s ta tes m e n o f o u r c o u n tr y Fo r i t i s tru e i n hi s .

to ry a n d t ru e i n s c i en c e th a t n a ti o n s w h i c h all o w t h e i r n a ti o n al
s to ck to b e ad u l te r a te d w hi c h to l e ra te amalgamati o n w i th o th e r
,

n a ti o n al typ e s w i ll p e r i s h c e r ta i n ly a n d p e ri s h fo r e v e r
, I h av e , .

s a i d th a t thi s i s a q u e s ti o n o f th e u tm o s t i mp o r ta n c e to th e s ta te s

m en o f A m e ri ca o f t h a t p o r ti o n o f i t e s p e c i ally w h i c h o n c e b o r e
,

d es erv e dly th e n am e o f Th e Un i te d S ta te s o f A m e ri ca ; a n d I
s ay n o w w i th al l th e ca n d o r p o s s i bl e th at i f th o s e s t a te s m e n
, , ,

th o s e g e n tl e m en w h o ar e m o uld i n g a n d s h ap i n g th e p o l i cy a n d
law s a n d r e gulati o n s fo r o ur g o v e rn m e n t fai l to b e g u i d e d by ,

e xp e ri e n c e a n d s c i en c e a n d hi s o ry i n Sh ap in g a p o l i c y to p r e
t
v e n t amalgamati o n m i s c e g en ati o n s o ci al an d p o l i ti cal e qual i ty
, ,

o f th e d iff e r e n t rac e s w h ite black r e d y ell o w an d bro w n o ur

, , , , , ,

n ati o n w i ll b e s u ffo ca te d a s i t w e r e by t h ese fo o l i s h a n d s u i c i dal

, ,

proj e c ts th e s e U to p i a n s c h e m es o f e quali ty o f rac e s

,
”
Wi lli am .

Sp eech i n the Hous e of R ep r es entati ves Ju ly 1 0 1 8 67

‘

IlIungen . , , .

T h e r e ar e tw o o th e r s ubj e cts o r s ci en c e s w h i ch b e ar i mp o r
t a nt t es ti m o n y r e lati v e to th e o ri g i n o f typ es o f th e h uma n rac e s ;
I all ud e to e mbry ol ogy an d crani o s c opy I do n o t pro fe s s to un .
 192 A MER I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

d er s tan d r o f th e s e s ubj e cts o r s ci en c es th o r o ugh l y ; b ut th e

e i th e

pro fes s o rs o f e mbryo l o gy a s s ert an d th ey ar e u n ani m o u s i n th e

,

a s s erti o n th at th e la w o f l i fe w h i ch o p e rates to o rga n i z e m a n i n

,

h i s e arl i es t m o m e n t th at th e s p e rma to z o a a n d th e c e ll fo rma ti o n

,

ar e e nti r e ly d i ff e r e n t i n e ac h typ e o f th e h uma n rac e ; a n d th a t i n

thi s d e par tm e n t o f h er w o rk a s i n e v e ry o th e r n a tur e d i s p l ay s

, ,

i nfi ni te vari e ty I r ep e at t h e n th e d e clara ti o n o f th e s e l e arn e d

.
, ,

g en tl e m en th a t u n d e r a p o w e rful m i cr o s c o p e th e fact th at th e
,

d iffe r e n t typ es o f m e n ar e ab s o lu tely d iff e r e n t cr e a ti o n s i s n o

l o n g e r an o p en qu e s ti o n Th e l aw w h i ch o p erates to o rga n i z e
.

a n d th e b e i n g o rga n i z e d ar e d i ffe r e n t fr o m th e fi r s t a n d d iff e r e nt

t o t all y . Bu t q u i te th e m o s t curi o u s a n d p e rh ap s th e m o st i mp o r
,

t a n t d i s c o v e ry w h i c h cra n i o s c o py h as mad e r ela te s to th e p o s i ti o n

w hi ch e ach typ e h o ld s i n th e s cal e o f c i vil i zatio n It i s fo u n d th a t .

th e rac es o f m e n w h o s e b r a i n m e a s ur e s s i x ty fo u r cub i c i n c h e s o r -

l es s ar e al w ay s b arbar o u s a n d h e a th e n p e o pl e ; th a t th ey h av e n o t
i n te ll e c tual p o w e r s ufii c i e n t t o fr am e a g o v e r n m e n t n o r t o e n ac t
law s ; i n o th e r w o rd s t o mak e fo r th e m s elv e s an y fo rm o f go v
,

e r n m e n t b e tte r th a n h e a th e n i s m mak e s Th e rac es o f m e n w h o s e

.

bra i n m e a s u r e s fr o m s ev e n ty fo u r to e igh ty fo ur cub i c i n ch es ar e

- -

t h e u n pr o gr e s s i v e p e o pl e T h e y ar e h alf ci vil i z e d o r h alf barb ar

.
- -

o u s ; th e g o v e r n m e n ts t h e y fo u n d a r e al w ay s d e s p o ti c ; th e law s

th e y e n ac t a r e al w ay s p e cul i ar a n d ar e d iff e r e n t fr o m th e law s

,

e n a c te d by a n t h e r typ e f p e pl T h e p e o pl e o f C h i na
y o o o e .
,

J apa n I n d i a
, i n s h o r t th e gre a te r p o rti o n o f th e typ es o f m an
, ,

— ar e e mbrac e d a n d i n c l u d e d b e tw e e n s i x ty e i g h t a n d e i g h ty fo ur - -

c ub i c i n c h es o f b r a i n Th e n a ti o n al i ti es w h o s e bra i n m e a s u r e s
.

n i n e ty fo u r cub i c i n c h e s o r upward a r e th e o n l y n a ti o n al i ti es w h o
-

a r e pr o g r e ss i v e a n d e n l i g h te n e d w h o ar e capabl e o f c u l ti va ti n g th e
,

p hy s i c al s c i e n c es to p r ac ti cal r e s ul ts an d w h o s e g o v e r n m e nts ar e
,

mad e fo r th e b e n e fi t o f th e p e o pl e Cra n i o s c opy d e clar es th a t th e

.

d i ffer e nt typ es h av e e ach a d i ff e r e n t o rga n i zati o n i n o th e r w o rd s , ,

a d iff e r e n t cr e ati on ; a n d i t furth er d e clar es th at th e r e ar e as plai nly

d iff e re n t ki n d s o f m e n h av i n g d iff er e n t k i n d s o f h umani ti e s i n th e
,

w o rld as th e r e ar e d iffe r e n t k i n d s o f b e a sts ; th at th e h o rs e an d th e

o x ar e n o t m o r e c e r ta i nly d i ff e r e n t cr e a ti o n s th a n th e w hi te m a n a n d

t h e I n d i a n th e I n d i a n a n d t h e A fri ca n th e A fr i ca n a n d th e C hi n e s e
, , ,

th e C hi n ama n a n d t h e Es qu i ma u x I h av e d i s cu s s e d thi s q u es
.

ti o n o f rac e s b e cau s e i t l i es at th e fo u n dati o n o f o u r s o c i al a n d p o l i t

,

i cal s truc tur e A ll h i s to ry s h o w s th a t a fr ee g o v e rn m en t a dmi n i s

.
,
194 A MER I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG RO .

de gr ees , may S i nk to 65
— it w hil s t i n th e Cauca s i a n i t i s r ar el v ,

b el o w 8 0 a n d fr e qu e n tly a fe w d e gr e e s h ig h e r Th e n egro s
, .
’

s kull i s th i ck e r th a n th e w h i t e ma n s t h e c e rv i cal mu s cl es m o r e
’
,

p o w erful an d h e n c e th e n e gr o carri e s h i s burd e n o n hi s h e ad

, , , ,

a n d l ik e a ram i n a figh t u s e s h i s s kull Th e n e gr o s s h ould e r ’

, , .

d iffe r s fro m th e w hi te ma n s Th e n e gro s h an d i s larg e r h i s fi n ’

.
’
,

g e rs l o n g a n d thi n palm s fl at th umb ball s s carc ely pro m i n en t

, ,
-
.

A l l th e c h aract e r s o f h i s h a n d (s ay s C arl V o g h t) d e c i d e dly ap

pr o ac h th at o f th e S i m i a n h a n d Th e l eg th e calv e s o f th e l eg .
’
, ,
"
all d ifi e r fro m th e w hite ma n s Th e fe m o ral b o n es a s w e ll a s ’
.
,

th e fibula s e e m curv e d o u tward s s o th a t th e k n e e s ar e m o r e

, ,

apar t fro m e ac h o th e r th a n i n th e w hi te Th e p elv i s i s o rga n i .

’

cally d iff er e n t Th e fo o t o f th e n e g r o s ay s Bu rm e i s te r
.
‘
is in ,
’
,

e v e ry thi n g u gl y — fl at of a pr oj e c ti n g h e e l a th i c k fla b by
, , , ,

cu shi o n i n th e i n n er cav i ty w i th w i d e Sp r e ad i n g to e s Th e m i d ,
-
.

dle part o f t h e fo o t d o e s n o t to u c h th e g r o u n d V o g h t th e G er .
’
,

m a n p h y s i o l o g i s t c all s i t t h e fo o t o f th e g o r illa o r i f yo u pl e a s e
,
‘
, , ,

th e p o s te ri o r h a n d I c i te th e s e fac ts to S h o w th a t i t i s n o t th e
’
.

Sk i n al o n e th a t pa r ts th e w hit e fr o m th e n e gr o rac e n o t th e d er ,

m i s o r e p i d e r m i s o r p i g m e n t th e r e i n — Ja mes Br ooks
, , Sp eech . .

i n the Hou s e f
o R ep r es enta ti ves , D ec ember 1 8 , 1 8 67 .

Wh er e o h tell m e w h e re s i r h as th e pur e bl oo d e d n e gr o
”

, , , ,
-

u na ss is te d by th e w h i te m an e x h ib i te d an y o f th e tri ump h s o f ,

g e ni u s ! Wh e r e h av e w e fo u n d th at rac e pr o duci n g a H o m e r a ,

Ph i d i a s a Pr ax i te l e s a S o cra tes a D e m o s th e n e s a Vi r g il o r a
, , , , ,

Mil to n o r a S h ak e s p e ar e ! XVh e r e h as i t pr o duc e d a n y g r e a t

,

archi te c t l i k e Mi c h a e l A n g e l o ! Wh e r e any gre a t p o et w h e r e an y ,

h e r o i c s o ld i e r l i k e A l e xa n d e r Caes ar o r N ap o l e o n ! Wh e r e a ny , ,

w o n d e rful m e c h a ni c ! IVh at n e gr o o f pur e bl o o d e v e r s tarte d a

s te am e n g i n e o r a s p i n n i n g j e nn y a s cr e w
-
, a l e v e r th e w h e el -
, , , .

o r th e pull e y ! Wh at n e gr o h as i n v e n te d a tel e grap h o r di s ,

c o v er e d a s tar a s a tell t i e o,
r an a ste r o i d ! W h at n e gr o e v e r c o n
,

s truc te d a pala ti al e d i fic e l i k e thi s i n w hi c h w e ar e a s s e mbl e d ,

th e s e Co ri nthi a n c o lum n s — th es e fr e s c o e d wall s ! N e gr o h i s

,

to ry mak e s n o mark i n th e gr e a t w o rld s pr o gr es s T h at h i s to ry ’

.

i s all a bla n k bla n k bla nk s i r , Th e n e gro c an n e v e r r i s e ab o v e

, , .

a c e r ta i n ra n g e o f i ntell i g e n c e Th e c hildre n o f th e n e gro up to .

,

t en o r fifte e n y e ar s o f age may b e a s bri g h t an d as i nte ll i g en t a s ,

 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG RO . 19 5

w h ite chi ldr e n T h ey acqu i r e k n o wl e dg e a s rap i dly ; b ut after

.

th a t e arly age th e n e gr o y o u th d o e s n o t adva n c e as d o es th e

w h i te y o u th Whil e th e w h ite m an i s i n cr e a si n g i n k n o wl e dg e till
.

th e d ay o f hi s d e a th th e n e gro r e ac h e s b e fo r e th e a ge o f ma turi ty
,

a p o i nt b ey o n d wh i ch h e ca nn o t w el l advan c e i n a n y thi n g s av e i n
th e ar ts o f m e r e i m i ta ti o n
”
James Br o oks Sp eech i n the Hou s e
. .

f
o R ep r es entati ves , D ecember 1 8 , 1 8 67 .

I nee d
cro s s th e A tlan ti c to Sh o w th e fatal s te p you ar e
n ot

t ak i n g by th i s R e c o n s truc ti o n Bi ll i n g o i n g i n to th i s c o par tn e r s h i p
w i th n e gro e s Our c o n ti n en t h a s b e e n s ettl e d by tw o cla s se s o f
.

m en ,
A n gl o S ax o n C e l t a n d T e u to n i n th e N o r th a n d th e
-
, , ,

Spa n i s h L a ti n rac e i n th e S o u th
-
G o d n e v e r mad e a n o bl e r rac e .

o f m e n t h a n t h e o l d Hi dalg o s o f S pa i n w h o u n d e r C o lumb u s i n a , , ,

l ittl e c ar aval o f fo rty to n s s tarte d o n th e trackl e s s A tla nti c i n s e arch

,

o f t h e t h e n u nk n o w n A m er i ca G o d n e v e r mad e a n obl e r ra c e I .
,

re p e a t th an th es e H i dal g o s o f Spa i n W h a t di d th e y do ! T h e y
,
.

r a n all al o n g th e G ulf o f M e x i c o fr o m Fl o ri da o n t h e n o r th to ,

C ap e Ho rn o n th e s o u th e rn v e rg e o f S o u th A m e ri ca T h e y s e ttl e d .

Me x i c o a n d V e n e zu ela N e w G r e n ada a n d Chi l i an d Peru a n d

, , , ,

c o a s ti n g all th e N o r th ern Pac ific i mpri n te d th e h o ly cla s si c n am e s , ,

o f o l d S pa i n up o n t h e n o w g o ld e n m o u n ta i n s a n d v i n e c o v e r e d -

vall ey s o f th e S tat e o f C al i fo r n i a T h e y cl i mb e d th e s no w clad .

-

Co rd i ll e ra s an d pla n te d th ei r ba n n e r o n e v e ry h i ll a n d e v e ry val
,

l e y o f M e x i c o Pe ru an d Chi l i , T h e y dro v e Mo nte zuma fro m

, .

th e h all s o f hi s A z te c a n c e s to r s ; a n d u n d er C o rt e z a n d Pi zarr o , ,

Pe ruvi a n M e xi ca n a n d s e m i barbari a n c i vi l i za ti o n fe ll b e fo re th e
, ,
-

m i gh ty pr o w es s o f th e i r arm s Th e i r h e r o i c d e e d s th e i r l o fty .
,

c hi valry th ei r Chr i sti an l o yal ty n ow r e ad m o r e l ik e th e r o man c es

, ,

o f a Fr o i s s ar t th a n a s th e y ar e th e tr u e r e c o rd s o f hi s to ry
, , .

Our A ngl o S ax o n fa th e r s s tarte d late r fro m th e s h o r e s o f Eng

-

lan d a n d la n d e d up o n th e r o ck o f Plym o u th o r up o n th e flats o f

,

J am e s to w n Th e Puri ta n h i m s e lf tr e mbl i n g o v e r h i s r o ck fo r a
.
,

w hi l e i n terro r of th e to mah awk v en tur e d at la s t o n w h at w as th en

, ,

d e e m e d g iga nti c h e r o i s m H e cr o s s e d th e C o nn e c ti cu t a n d th e
.

Hud s o n a n d s l o wly c r e p t up th e Mo h awk a n d h al te d fo r y e ar s an d

, ,

y e ars u p o n L ak e s Eri e O n tari o an d Huro n Th e caval i e rs o f, , .

J am e s to w n thr e ad e d th ei r way up th e R i v e r J am es s te al thil y ,

w o u n d o v e r th e pa s s es o f th e A llegh ani es an d l o ok e d d own at l ast ,

 196 A M E R I CA N WR I TER S ON TH E N EGR O .

w i th a s to n i sh m en t a n d a ff right u p o n la belle r i vi er e o f O hi o But a ll .

thi s t i m e th e s e h e r o i c H i dalg o s o f S pa i n w e r e s pr e ad i n g th e n am e
a n d fam e o f C a s ti l e an d A rrag o n th r o u gh o u t th e w h o l e A m e r i ca n

c o nti n e nt fro m Fl ori da o n th e n o rth to C ap e H o rn o n th e s o u th a n d

, ,

fro m C ap e H o r n to C al i fo r n i a w h i l e o u r A n gl o S ax o n rac e s to o d ,
-

s h i v e r i n g up o n th e O h i o a n d L ak e Eri e w i th o u t th e c o ura g e t o a d

va n c e fu rth e r W h at s i r h app e n e d th e n ! W h a t h as pr o duc e d

.
, ,

th i s d i ff e r e n c e b etw ee n u s a n d th e l o fty Hi dalg o ! IVh y ar e th e y ’

fall e n th e s e m en o f th e A rmada s o e xal te d am o n g all th e n a ti o n s

, ,

o f th e e ar th w h o mad e o u r a n c e s to r s i n th e d ay s o f Q u e e n El i z a
, ,

b e th tr e mbl e o n th e th r o n e ! W h y w as i t th at i n th e M e x i ca n war
,

o n e r e g i m e nt o f o ur A n gl o S ax o n C e l ti c Te u to n i c bl o o d aga i n a n d
-
, , ,

agai n p u t w h ol e r e g im en ts o f th es e o n Ce n o bl e H i dal g o s o f Spai n

t o fl i g h t at C apul p c
h t e e th e G ar ta a n d e l s e w h e r e
i ,
! I w ill tell ,

o u w h s i r T h e L a ti n th e Spa n i s h rac e fr e e d fr o m th a t i n
y y ,
.
, ,

s ti n c t o f o u r s w h i c h ab h o r s all h ybr i d ama l gamati o n r e v ell e d i n a ,

fatally te mp ti n g adm i x tu r e o f bl o o d i n dulg e d i n s o c i al a n d ,

-

g o v e rn m e n tal c o part n e r s hip w i th A z te c s I n d i a n s N e g ro e s o n e , , ,

a n d all Th e pur e bl o o d th e azur e bl o o d o f th e o l d H i dalg o s o f

.
, ,

Spa i n l o s t a n d d r a i n e d di s h o n o r e d a n d d e g r ad e d h as dwi n dl e d
, , ,

i n to n o thi n g w h i l e th e pur e bl o o d o f th e A n gl o S ax o n s th e C el ts
,
-
, ,

t h e T e u to n s ab h o r r i n g all s uc h a s s o c i a ti o n a n d amalgamati o n
,

w i th th e n e gro o r t h e I n d i a n h as l e ap e d o v e r L ak e Eri e cro s s e d , ,

l a belle r i vi er e th e gr e a t Fa th e r o f Y
, Vat e r s th e M i s s i ss ipp i cr o wd e d , ,

th e m o u nta i n pa s s es o f C o l o rad o U t a h N e vada a n d Mo n ta n a , , , ,

r o ll e d o v e r th e R o cky M o u n ta i ns an d s pr e ad fo r h u n dre d s o f ,

m il es o n th e Pac ific Oc e a n carry i n g n o t o n ly th e r e b ut e v e ry

, ,

w h er e tri umph a nt fro m th e A rc ti c to th e A ntarc ti c th e gl o ri o u s

, , ,

flag o f o ur c o u ntry th a t e m b l e m o f a p u r e rac e — a n d e v e r c o n

, ,

tr a s ti n g th e gl o ry a n d h o n o r th e pr o w es s o f t h a t rac e w i th th e ,

d e grada ti o n o f th e rac e o f th es e o n c e n o bl e Hi dalg o s o f Spa i n ”

.

— Ja mes Br ooks Sp eech i n the Hou s e of R ep r es enta ti ves D ec 1 8

. , .
,

1 8 67 .

Our fo ur m i ll i o n s o f n e gro s lav e s ab s o rb th e publi c m i nd ,

an d t h e th o ugh t s a n d th e ti m e o f g o v e r n m e n t by th e da n g e r s ,

th e y e v o k e T h e y h av e pro duc e d s e c ti o n al a n i m o s i ty an d s tri fe

.

w h e r e p e ac e an d g o o d w i ll s h o uld r e i g n T h ey h av e th row n th e
-
.

ad mi ni stratio n o f the law th rough ou t th e So u th i nto lyn ch law -

 198 A MER I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG R O .

to ne rv e h i s e ff o rts an d e l e va te h i s d e s i r es H e i s g o v e rn e d a n d .

pro te c te d i n all h i s r i g h ts w h ol ly by th e w hi te rac e w i th o u t h i s ,

pa r ti ci pati on H e i s e xcl u d e d fr o m o ffi c e fr o m th e h u s ti n g s
.
,

fr o m th e c o ur t h o u s e fr o m th e e xc h a n g e fro m e v e ry i ntell e ctual

-
, ,

call i n g o r purs u i t n o t by l e gal e n actm e nt b u t by h i s o wn i n cap ac

, ,

i ty a n d by o p i n i o n ; by th e fe e li n g o f ca s te an d rac e — th a t i s to
, ,

s ay by d i v i n e l aw s w h i ch a r e s tro n g e r th a n an y th e l e g i s la tur e
, ,

c a n mak e H e h a s n o c i v i l o r p o l iti cal p o w e r w h a te v e r by w h i ch

.
,

to pr o t e c t h i m s e lf a n d h e may n o t la y a fi n g e r o n o n e o f th o s e
,

th r e e w o n d e rfu l b o x es t h e ball o t b o x th e j u ry b o x an d th e c ar ,
-
,
-
,

tr i dge b o x w h i c h c o n ta i n th e i n s tr u m e n ts a n d w e ap o n s by w h i c h
-
,

fr e e m e n d e fe n d t h e i r r ig h ts T h e y ar e fo r th e w hi te rac e o nly . .

A n e gr o g o v e r n o r l e g i sla to r j u dg e mag i stra te o r j u r yma n d o es

, , , ,

n o t e x i s t c o u ld n o t by p o s s i b i l i ty e xi s t i n th e w h o l e N o r th
, T hi s , .

rac e i s n o t o nly e xclud e d fro m all p o l iti cal a n d c i v i l plac e a n d

p o w e r b u t th e av e n u e s to s o c i al ra nk a n d r e s p e c tab il i ty ar e
.

cl o s e d agai n s t hi m o r ra th e r th ey ar e to o s te e p an d d ifficul t fo r h i m
to c l i mb H e i s n o t a la n d o w n e r a m a n ufac tur e r a m e rc h a n t
.
-
, , .

T h e r e i s n o l e gal o b s ta c l e b u t la n d machi n e ry a n d s h ip s ar e thi n g s , ,

h e ca n n o t ma n ag e T h e r e ar e n o black a tto r n ey s at law p hy s i

.
- -
,

c i a n s a u th o r s o r cap i tal i s ts i n th e N o r th
, , Th e law o p e n s to th e .

n e g r o th e s e s p h e r e s o f ac ti v i ty a s w i d e ly a s to th e w hi te m a n b u t ,

th e y a r e far b e y o n d th e n e gr o s w i ld es t d r e am s b e c au s e b e y o n d
’
,

h i s t al e n ts H e i s th u s p u s h e d d o w n by a s u p e ri o r m o ral a n d i n
.

t e l l e c t u a l fo r c e w h i c h h e c a n n e i th e r c o mpr e h e n d n o r r e s i s t i n to
, ,

t h o s e p u r s u i ts w h i c h th e S ax o n a n d e v e n th e C e l t av o i d s i f , ,

h e c an i n to lab o r s w h i c h r e q u i r e th e l e a s t s tr e n g th o f m i n d o r
,

b o dy w hi c h y i el d th e l e a s t pr o fi t a n d a r e m e n i al a n d d e g r ad i ng
, , .

Th e s p i r i t o f ca s te d r i v e s th e n e g r o o u t o f c h u r c h es th e a tr e s , ,

h o te l s ra il car s a n d s te amb o a t s o r a s s i g n s to h i m i n th e m a
,
-
, , , ,

plac e apar t It d r i v e s h i m i nto th e c el l ar s d en s a n d all ey s o f

.
, ,

to w n s i n to h o v el s i n th e c o u n tr y ; a n d i t d o e s all thi s w i th o u t
,

la w s w i th o ut c o n c e r t o r d e s i g n w i th o u t u nk i n d n e s s o r cru el ty
, , ,

b u t u n c o n s c i o u s ly s i mply b e c a u s e i t ca nn o t h elp d o i n g i t o b e y
, ,

i ng th i s i n s ti n c ti v e i mp u l s e a n d th e i mm u tab l e e te r n al law s by , ,

w h i c h th e rac e s o f m e n ar e k ep t apar t a n d ar e pr es e rv e d th ro ugh ,

c o u n tl e s s ag e s w i t h o u t c h a n g e T h e s e l a w s ar e d i vi n e T h e y . .

e x e c u te th e m s e lv e s i n s p i te o f pa r ty c o mb i n ati o n s o r fa n a ti c al

l eg i sla tu r es o r p hi la n th r o p i c e n th u si a sts o r v i si o n ary d r e am er s

, ,
 A ME R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG RO . 199

a o b ut h uma n p e rfe c tib il i ty an d th e ri gh ts of m an .

” —Fzsher’s’

L aws O f R a ce,
p ages 2 1 —2 3 .

S trik i n gl y appar e nt i s i t th at th e n e gr o i s a fell o w o f many

n a tural d e fe c ts a n d d efo rm i ti e s Th e wr e tc h e d rac e to w h i ch h e .

b el o n g s e x h i bi ts am o n g i ts s e v e ral m e mb e r s m o r e ca s e s o f lus us
, ,

n a tu r ce th a n any o th e r S eld o m i n d e e d i s h e t o b e s e e n e xc e p t
.
, ,

a s a pr e o rda i n e d e mb o d i m e n t o f u n c o u th gro tes qu e n es s m alfo r ,

ma ti o n o r a ilm e n ts N o t o nly i s h e c u r s e d w ith a black c o m

,
.

pl e x i o n a n ap i sh a s p e c t an d a w o o lly h e ad ; h e i s al s o r e n d e r e d
, ,

o di o u s by a n i nto l e rabl e s te n c h a thi ck s kull an d a b o o b v bra i n , , .

A n a c c u r a te d es cri p ti o n o f h i m call s i nto r e q u i s i ti o n a larg e r n u m

b e r o f u n c o mpli m e n tary t e rm s th a n ar e n e c e s s ary to b e u s e d i n
d es cri bi n g a n y o th e r cr e atur e o u t o f T o p h et ; an d i t i s truly a s
to n i s h i n g h o w ma n y o f th e t e rm s s o p e cul i arly appr o pr i a te to h i m
a r e c o mp o u n d w o rk s o f o bl o quy a n d d e trac ti o n .

Th e n i g h t b o r n o g r e s tan d s b e fo r e u s ; w e o b s e rv e h i s l o w
-
,

r e c e d i n g fo re h e ad h i s bro ad d epr ess e d n o s e ; hi s s tamm e ri n g

, , ,

s tu tte ri n g s p e e c h ; a n d hi s g e n e ral ac ti o n s e v i d e n c i n g m o n k e y ,

l i k e l i ttl e n e s s an d i mb e c il ity o f m i n d By cl o s e a tte n ti o n a n d e x .

am i n atio n w e may al s o d is c o v e r i n th e s abl e i n d i vi dual b e fo r e u s

, ,

i f i n d ee d h e b e n o t a n e xc e p ti o n t o th e g e n e ral i ty o f hi s rac e
, , ,

n um e r o u s o th e r pr o m i n e n t d e fe c ts a n d d e fic i e n c i e s A dm i t th at .

h e b e n o t warp j aw e d m aifl e to n gu e d n o r t o n g u e d ti e d i s h e
-
,
-
,
-
,

n o t s ku e s i g h te d -
bl e ar ey e d o r bl o bb e r l ipp e d ! If h e b e n o t
,
-
,
-

w r y n e ck e d w e n mar k e d n o r s h o uld e r s h o tte n i s h e n o t s tiff

-
,
-
,
-
,

j o i nte d h ump back e d o r h o ll o w b ell i e d ! If h e b e n o t s lab

,
-
,
-

s i d e d kn o c l kn e e d n o r b o w l e gg e d
,
n
i s h e n o t (to s ay th e l e a s t)
,
-
,

s p i n dl e s h a n k e d
-
c o ck h ee l e d o r fi at fo o te d !
,
If h e b e n o t
-
,
-

mai m e d h al t n or bl i n d i s h e n o t fe v e r i s h w i th i nfl amm ati o n s

, , , ,

fe s te r i n gs o r fu n g o s i ti es !
, If h e b e n o t a ffl i c te d w i th i tch blai n s , ,

n o r bl i s te r s d o es h e n o t s q u i rm u n d e r th e pa i n s o f b o i l s bur n s o r
, , ,

b r uis es ! If h e b e n o t th e ch ild o f c o n tu s i o n s s p r ai n s n o r d is lo , ,

c a ti o n s i s h e n o t th e m an o f s cald s s o r e s o r s cab s !
, If h e b e n o t , ,

a n e n dur e r o f th e ac h e s o f p n e um o n i a pl e ur i s y n o r r h e uma ti s m , , ,

d o e s h e n o t fe e l th e fa tal e xa c e rba ti o n s o f ra nkl i n g w o u n d s tu ,

m o rs o r u lc e r s ! If h e b e n o c o mpla i n e r o v e r th e cramp s o f
,

c o u gh s c o l i c s n o r c o n s ti pa ti o n d o th h e n o t d e cl i n e a n d dro o p
, , ,

u n d e r th e d is c o mfo rts o f dizz i n e ss dro p sy o r d i arrh oea ! If h e b e , ,

2 00 A ME R I CA N WRI TE R S ON TH E N E G R O .

no s u ffe r e r fro m h e m o rrh o i d s e ry s ip el a s n or e xfo l i ati o n i s h e , , ,

n o t a v i c ti m o f g o i tr e i n tum e s c e n c e o r paraly s i s ! If h e e xp e
, ,

r i e n c e n o i n c o n v e n i e n c e fr o m gum ra s h c h o l e ra m orbu s n o r -
,
-
,
'

m o o n mad n e s s d o th h e n o t w i n c e u n d e r th e pa n g s o f th e h ip
-
,

g o u t th e t ap e w o rm o r th e mull i grub s ! If h e b e fr e e fro m

,
-
,
-

i d i o cy i ns an i ty o r s yn c o p e i s h e n o t s ubj e c t to fits s pa s m s o r
, , , , ,

c o nvul s io n s ! H elp er s N Oj o gue p ages 68—69

-
’
, .

W e ak i n m i nd fra i l i n m o ral s to rp i d a n d apath e ti c i n p hy

, ,

s i qu e th e n e gr o w h e r e v e r h e g o es o r w h e r e v e r h e i s s e e n
, , car , ,

ri e s u p o n h i m s elf i n i n s eparabl e c o nn e cti o n w i th abj ec tn es s a n d

,

di s grac e s uch glari n g mark s o f i n feri o ri ty a s ar e n o l e s s i n d eli bl e

,

an d c o n s p icu o u s th a n th e ba s e black n e ss o f h i s s k i n U p o n th i s .

p o i nt all th e r e c o rd s o f th e pa s t all th e e vi d e n c es o f th e pr e s en t
, , ,

all th e pro g n o s ti ca ti o n s o f th e futur e ar e p la i n an d p o s i tiv e In , .

th e l o n g ca tal o g u e o f th e gr e a t n am e s o f th e w o rld — n am es
w hi ch w h e th e r th e y h av e cau s e d n ati o n s to tr e mbl e w i th fe ar
,

a n d S LISp e n s e t o qu i v e r w i th a w e a n d adm i ra ti o n t o laug h w i th

, ,

s ati s fac ti o n a n d d e l i gh t o r t o w ee p w i th i nn o c e n t s ad n e s s a n d
,

l o v e — th er e d o e s n o t app e ar th e c o g n o m e n o f a s i ngl e n e gro !

To o v e rl o o k th e p o n d e r o u s s ig ni fica n c e o f thi s fac t t o ga i n s ay i t , ,

to w i n k i t o r to bl i n k i t l e t n o u n w o r th y a tte mp t b e mad e ,
In .

n o th i n g th a t e nn o bl e s ma n k i n d h a s a n y n e gr o e v e r d i s ti n g u i s h e d

h i m s e lf Fo r n o n e o f t h e h i gh e r walk s o f l i fe h as h e e v e r d i s
.

play e d a n ap ti tud e To d ee d s o f tru e val o r a n d pa tri oti s m h e

.

h as al w ay s pro v e d r e cr e a n t O v e r n on e o f th e w i d e d o mai ns o f .

a gri cul tur e c o mm e rc e n o r ma n ufac tur e s h as an y o n e o f h i s rac e

, , ,

e v e r w o n h o n o rabl e m e n ti o n Wi thi n th e cla ss i c pr e ci n c ts o f ar t .

,

li teratur e an d s ci e n c e h e i s an d fo r ev e r w i ll b e u tterl y u n
, , , ,

” —
k n o wn H elp er s N Oj o gue p age 8 00
.
’
, .

Sh abb i n e s s dro ll e ry o f dres s a n d awkward n e s s o f gai t

an d ,

ar e al s o n o tabl e c h arac te ri s ti c s o f t h e n e gr o Faul tl es s garm e n ts .

,

an d w e ll s h ap e d h ats a n d s h o e s ar e thi n g s th a t a r e n e v e r fo u n d
-

u p o n h i s p ers o n O n c e o r tw i c e a y e ar h e buy s (o r b eg s ) a s u i t
.

o f s e c o n d h a n d cl o th i n g ; b u t s eld o m d oe s h e w e ar a n y ar ti cl e o f
-

appar e l m o r e th a n tw o o r th r e e w e e k s b e fo r e th e o u te r e dg es o f
th e s am e b e c o m e ragg e d ; th e n u n s ig h tly h o l e s a n d s h r e d s a n d
2 02 A MER I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N E G I. O .

w e h av e mad e n um e ro u s e xp er i m e n ts i n fav o r o f th e w o r th l es s
n e gr o . W e h av e e arn es tly e n d e av o r e d ti m e a n d aga i n to i nfu s e , ,

i n to th e bra i n o f th e b e n i g h te d bla c k a ray o f i n te ll e c tual l i g h t to ,

t e ac h hi m trad e s a n d p r o fe s s i o n s a n d t o pr e par e h i m for t h e d i s

,

c h arg e o f h i g h e r d u ti es th a n th e c o mm o n drudg e ri es o f e v e ry day -

l i fe T h u s far h o w e v e r all o ur e ff o r ts i n hi s b eh alf h av e pro v e d

.
, ,

ab o rti v e ; a n d s o w i ll th ey c o n ti nu e to pro v e s o l o n g a s h e r e ,

mai n s w h at h e al w ay s h as b ee n an d s till i s a n e gro Fur th e r

, , .

a ttemp ts o n o ur par t to e l e va te h im to a ra n k e qual to th a t h e ld

, ,

by th e w hi te m an w o uld c er ta i nly b etray i n u s an e x tra o r d i n ary

,

a n d u n pard o n abl e d e gr e e o f fo lly a n d o b tu s en e s s N e .

gro e s ar e i n tru th s o far i n fe ri o r to w hite p e opl e th a t fo r ma ny

, , , ,

r e a s o n s c o n s e qu ent o n th at i n fe ri o ri ty th e tw o rac e s s h o uld n e v e r ,

i n h ab i t th e s am e c o mmu n i ty c i ty n or s tate Th e g o o d w h i c h
, , .

accr u e s t o th e black fro m th e pri v i l e g es o f s o c i al c o ntac t w i th th e

w h i te i s m o r e th a n c o u n te rp o i s e d by th e e v i l s w h i c h i n vari abl y
o v e r t ak e th e la tte r w h e n br o ug h t i nto a ny ma n n e r o f r e gular

fel lo w shi p w i th th e fo rm e r .

W h ate v e r d eterm i n a ti on may b e c o m e to w i th r e gard to a

fin al s ettl e m e n t o r d i s p o s i ti o n o f th e n e gr o e s w h e th e r i t b e d e ,

c i d e d to c o l o ni z e th e m i n A fri ca i n M e x i c o i n C e ntral A m e ri ca
, , ,

i n S o u th A m eri ca o r i n o n e o r m o r e o f th e W e s t I n d i a I sla n d s o r
, ,

e l s e w h e r e b e y o n d o u r pr e s e n t l i m i ts ; o r w h e th e r th ey b e p e rm i t

t e d t o r e ma i n (a w h i l e l o n g e r ) i n th e U n i te d S tat e s — i t i s t o b e ,

s i n c e r e ly h o p e d th a t th e r e may b e n o i mp o r ta n t d i vi s i o n o f o p i ni o n

as t o t h e e xp e d i e n cy o f s o o n r e m o v i n g th e m all fr o m th e c i ti es

a n d to w n s A c i ty i s n o t by a n y m e a n s a s ui tabl e plac e fo r
.
, ,

th e m . T h e y ar e p o s itiv e ly u n fi t fo r th e p erfo rma n c e o f i n d o o r -

du ti e s S u n shi n e i s b o th c o n g e n i al an d e ss enti al to th ei r n a ture s ;

.

an d th e y o ug h t n o t t o b e e mpl o y e d o r r e ta i n e d i n s i tua ti o n s th a t

c o ul d b e s o much m o r e adva n tag e o u sly fill e d by w h ite p eo pl e .

O n e g o o d w h i te p ers o n w i ll a s a g e n e ral r u l e d o fr o m t w o to fi ve
, ,

tim es as m uch a s a n e g ro an d w i ll i n add i ti o n al w ay s d o i t w ith

, , ,

a gr e a t d e al m or e car e cl e a n l i n e s s an d th o ro u gh n es s A n e gro
, , .

o r a n e gr e s s i n o r ab o u t a w h i te ma n s h o u s e n o ma tte r w h e r e
’
, , ,

o r i n w h a t capac i ty i s a th i n g m o n s tr o u s ly i mpr o p e r a n d i n d e
,

By r e m o v i n g all t h e n e gr o e s i nto th e c o u n try o u r ag r i cul tural ,

d i stri c ts w o uld r e c e i v e a larg e add i ti o n o f lab o r e r s a n d c o u s e ,

qu ently , th e quanti ty o f o u r s tapl e pr o d uc ts c o tto n c o rn w h e at , , ,

 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 2 03

s ugar ,
r i c e a n d t,o bacc o — w o uld b e gr e a tly i n cr e a s e d C r o wd s .

o f e n te rpri s i n g w hi te p eo pl e w o u ld fl o ck to o u r c i ti es a n d t o w n s ,

fill th e vaca n c i e s o cca s io n e d by th e e gr es s o f th e n e gro e s a n d ,

g iv e a fr e s h a nd p o w e rful i mp etu s to c o mm e rc e a n d man ufac tur e s .

Th e ti d es o f b o th d o m e s ti c a n d fo r e i g n i mm i g r a ti o n w hi c h h av e ,

b e e n m o v i n g w e s tw ard for s o l o n g a p eri o d w o u ld al s o s o o n b e ,

i n t o fl o w s o u th ward a n d e v e ryw h e r e th r o ug h o u t th e w h o l e
g ,

l e n g th an d br e ad th o f o u r la n d n ew av e n u es to vari o u s bra n c h e s
o f pr o fi tabl e i n du s try w o uld b e o p e n e d .

L e t i t n o t b e fo rg o tte n h o w e v e r th a t th i s pr o p o s i ti o n d o e s
, ,

n o t c o n te mpla te a ny p er man ent s e ttl e m e n t o f t h e n e gro e s e v e n i n ,

th e agr i cul tural d i s tr i c ts o f o u r c o u n try O nly a temp or a r y a o .

c o mm o da ti o n o f th e ca s e i s h e r e h eld i n vi e w Pe r h ap s th e b es t .

thi n g th a t w e c o uld d o j u s t n o w w o uld b e t o t ak e i mm e d i ate a n d

,

c o mpl ete p o s s e s s io n o f Mex i c o (w e s h all acqu ir e th e w h o l e o f N o rth

A m e ri ca fro m Beh ri ng s S tra i t to th e I s th m u s o f D ari e n by a n d
’
, ,

by ) a n d at o nc e pu sh th e n e gr o e s e v e ry o n e o f th e m
'

s o u th o f th e R i o G ra n d e O n n o par t — to s ay th e l e a s t
. on n o
, ,

par t o f th e territo ry o f th e Un i te d S tat es a s at pr e s e n t o rga ni z e d , ,

s h o u ld a ny b u t t h e pur e w hi te rac es e v e r fi n d a p e rma n e n t

d o m i c il e .

N o w c o m es th e la s t n ot th e l e a s t r e a s o n w h y I adv o ca te th e
, ,

re m o val o f th e n e g ro e s fro m th e ci ti es a n d to wn s I b el i e v e th a t .

t h e y e ll o w fe v e r (w hi c h i s o n l y a n o th e r n am e fo r th e A fr i ca n
fe v e r ) an d o th e r e p i d e mi c d i s e a s e s — tho s e t e rribl e s c o u rg es
, ,

w h i c h h av e s o s i g n ally r e tard e d th e g r o w th o f S o u th e rn s e ap o r ts ,

— h av e to a v e ry g r e a t d e gr e e b e e n i n d u c e d by t h e p e cul i arl y
, ,

o b n o x i o u s fil th e n g e n d e r e d by th e bla c k p o p u la ti o n W h o h as .

e v e r h e ard o f th e y e ll o w fe ve r p r e va i l i n g t o a n ala r m i n g e x te n t

i n a n y c i ty o r s ta te i nh ab i te d alm o s t e xclu s i v e ly by w h i te p e o pl e !
H o w fe arfu lly h o w fr e qu e n tly d o es i t rag e i n s u c h d e s p i c abl e
, , ,

n e gr o c u r s e d
-
c o mm u n i ti es as N o rfo lk Ch arl e s to n S ava n n a h
, , , ,

Mo b il e an d N e w O r l e a n s !
,

O nly fr o m th e ba s e c o l o r e d ra c e s i s i t a s a r ul e th a t w e ar e , ,

o v e r w h e lm e d an d p r o s tra te d by w i d e s pr e ad c o n tag i o n s a n d e p i
-

d e m i es Ev e n th e cattl e plagu e th e m u rrai n am o n g th e s h e e p

.
-
, ,

a n d o th e r fa t al d i s te mp e r s t o w h i c h o u r d o m e s ti c a n i m al s ar e

s u bj e c t h av e al m o s t i nvar i ably h a d t h e i r o ri gi n i n th e c o u n tr i e s
,

w h i c h ar e i n h ab i te d by th e black s a n d th e br o w n s w h o a r e th e m ,

s e l ve s bu t th e r ic ke t f r ame d a n d l e pr o u s r e m n a nts o f th o s e
y r
2 04 A ME R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N E G R O .

u n w o rth y rac es o f m e n w h o h av e b e e n i rr e v o cably d o o m e d to

,

d e s tructi on . I t i s i n d e e d fu lly an d firmly b el i e v e d th a t

, ,

th e o n ly way to ge t r i d o f y e ll o w fe v e r i s to ge t r i d o f th e n e gr o e s ;
a n d th e b e s t way t o ge t r i d o f th e n e gr o e s i s n o w th e par ti cular

qu e s ti on w h i c h o f all o th e r qu e s ti o n s s h o uld m o s t e arn e stl y e n

, ,

” —
gag e th e u n di vi d e d a tte nti o n o f th e A m eri ca n p eopl e Help er s .
’

N j
O o u e,
g p ages 62—68 .

W h e n th e n e gr o i n A fri ca i n th e y e ar 1 620 fa s te n i n g a n e w
, ,

u p o n b o th hi m s elf a n d h i s p o s te ri ty th e c o n d i ti o n o f p e rp etual

b o n dag e all o w e d hi m s el f a s a g uara nty o f h i s pa s s i v e an d p r o

, ,

di gi o u s d a s tardy to b e b r o u gh t i n ch a i n s all th e way acr o s s th e

,

A tla nti c — i t w as th e n th a t fo r th e fir s t ti m e w a s r e ach e d th e

, , ,

u tterm o st d ep th o f h uma n d e gradati o n Th at th e n e gr o h ad .

,

a n d h a s al w ay s b e e n a s lav e i n h i s o w n c o u n try o r e l s e w h e r e
, , ,

a c c m d i ng to th e h ab i ta t o r j o urn e yi n g s o f h i s ma s te r i s w e ll ,

k n o w n ; b u t i t w as o n ly w h e n a s th e c l i n g i n g to o l o f th e m e a n e r
,

s o r t o f w h i te m e n h e cam e to A m e r i ca th a t hi s o b s e qu i o u s n e s s
, ,

a n d p u s i lla n i m i ty b e ga n t o a s s um e m o n s tr o u s pr o p o r ti o n s Of all .

th e m i s cr e a n ts a n d o u tca sts w h o h av e e v e r br o ug h t i rr e parab l e

d i s grac e u p o n m a nk i nd th e sl av e i s at o n c e th e m o s t d es p i ca b l e
,

an d th e m o s t i n fam o u s To b e a s lav e o f th e w h ite m an yet i f

.
, ,

p o s s ibl e to b e a s l av e e x e mp t fro m th e n e c es s ity o f lab o r h as

, ,

alway s b e e n th e rul in g amb i ti o n o f th e n e gro — n o t l e s s s o n o w ,

th a n i t w a s fo u r th o u s a n d y e ar s a go a n d n o t l es s s o th e n th a n ,

it i s no w — Help er j
’
s N o o u e,
g p age 198 .

Th e g r o es l ik e th e p o o dl e s a n d th e p oi nter s w i ll al w ay s
ne , ,

b e th e d e p e n d e n ts a n d th e pa r a s i te s o f w h i te m e n j u s t s o l o n g ,

a s w hi te m e n u n n a turally s ubm i tti n g t o a wr o n gful r e la ti o n ar e

, ,

d i sp o s e d to to l e rate th e black m en s i n fam o u sly ba s e a n d b e ggarly ’

pr es e n c e . C e r tai n i t i s th a t w e o w e i t to o u r s e lv es an d -

w e o ug h t t o b e abl e t o ge t r i d o f t h e n e gr o es s o o n ; b u t i f th e y
a r e to b e r e ta i n e d m u c h l o n g e r i n t h e U n i te d S ta te s w i c h m
( h a y
G o d i n h i s gr e a t m ercy fo rb i d ! ) w e may a s w e ll bu i ld i m m e di
, ,
'

ately fo r th e i r r e l i e f a n d c o rr e c ti o n
, i n al te r n a te ad ap tati o n a , ,

r o w o f h o s p i tal s a n d pr i s o n s all th e way fr o m th e A tla n ti c to t h e

,

Pac ifi c ; an d u p o n the s am e plan a ra ng e o r s eri es o f alm s

, ,
2 06 A ME R I CA N WR I TE R S O N TH E N EG R O .

c o mmu n iti e s o f th e w hi te p eo pl e th e m s e lv e s It sh o uld al s o b e r e c .

.

o ll e c te d th at all th e I n d i a n s th u s e xp el l e d o r
, r em o v e d w e r e ‘
,
’

p eo pl e o f i n d ig e n o u s o ri g i n a uto ch th o n e s by w h o m th e w h o l e o f
, ,

A m e ri ca h a d fr o m ti m e i mm e m o ri al pr i o r to th e day s o f C o lum
, ,

b u s b e e n h e ld i n fe e s i mpl e
,
-
N o w if w e may ri g h tfully e xp e l th e
.
,

ab o rig i n al o w n er s o f A m e ri ca fro m th e o l d h o m e s an d p o s s es si o ns
w hi c h th ey h av e e nj o y e d fro m a p e ri o d o f ti m e s o d i st a nt i n th e far
pa s t th a t i t i s ab s o lu tely u ntrac e abl e wh at may w e n o t d o w i th ,

th e al i e n a n d a c cur s e d n e gr o e s w h o b a s e m i n d e d a n d barbar o u s
, ,
-
,

a n d b o u n d h a n d a n d fo o t w i th th e fe tte r s o f s lav e ry w e r e br o u g h t ,

hi th e r fro m th e c o a s t o f A fri c a ! — He7 er s N o o u e

j
’
p g a
p g e 220 .
, .

Th e g r o s h o uld n e v e r u n d e r a ny c ircum sta n c e s w h a te v e r

ne , ,

b e p e rm itte d to r es i d e i n g r e at e r pr o x i mi ty t o w hi te p eo pl e th a n
th e d i s ta n c e w h i ch s epa r a tes C u ba fr o m th e U n i te d S tate s ; i f th e
d i s ta n c e c o uld b e l e n g th e n e d to th e e x te n t o f o n e th o u s a n d m il e s ,

s o muc h th e b e tte r ; i f i n p o i n t o f d u ra ti o n ra th e r th a n i n p o i n t
, ,

o f s pa c e th e d i s ta n c e c o u ld b e l e n g th e n e d fr o m n o w t o th e e n d
,

o f t i m e (s u p p o s i n g s uc h a n e n d p o s s i b l e ) b e tte r s till , .

O n th e pr e m i s e s o f n o r e s p e c tabl e w h i te p e r s o n i n th e m an
s i o n o f n o h o n o rabl e pr i va t e c i ti z e n ; i n n o lawfully c o n v e n e d

p u bl i c a s s e mbly ; i n n o ra tio n ally m o ral o r r el ig i o u s s o c i e ty ; i n n o

d e c e n tly k ep t h o te l ; i n n o r e s taura nt w o rth y o f th e pa tro n ag e o f
w hi te p e o pl e ; i n n o r epu tably e s tabl i sh e d s to r e n o r s h o p in no ,

plac e w h a te v e r w h e re a ny o ccupan t o r v i s i to r i s o f C au ca s i a n
,

bl o o d , s h o u ld th e l o a th s o m e pr e s e n c e o f a n y n e g r o o r n e gr e s s

e v e r b e t o l e ra te d Help er s N oj o gu e p age 2 1 9
’
. .
,

To l i v e i n j ux tap o si ti o n w i th th e n egro o r to to l erate hi s pr e s ,

e n c e e v e n i n th e v i c i n i ty o f w h i te m e n i s t o s ay th e l e a s t a , , ,

m o s t sh am e ful a n d d i s grac e ful pro c e e d i n g a pro c e e d i ng w h i c h , ,

i f p e r s i s te d i n w i ll s o o n e r o r la te r br i n g d o w n u p o n all th o s e
, , ,

w h o ar e gu i l ty o f i t th e o v e rw h e lm i n g v e n g e a n c e o f H e av e n
,
.

By cr i n g i n g a n d faw n i n g l ik e a cudg e l d es e rv i n g d o g by p as -
,

s i ve ly y i e ld i n g a n d s u bm i tti n g l i k e a d u mb bru t e by m i m i ck i n g ,

a n d b e gg i n g l i k e a p o ll par r o t th e n e g r o h as b u t t o o g e n e r ally
-
,

s ucc ee d i n g i n fo i s ti n g hi m s e lf a s a para s i ti cal s lav e o r s e rva n t

, ,

u p o n w h i te m e n a n d h as th u s u p o n all o cca s i o n s a ffo rd e d i n co n

, ,
 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 207

te s tabl e pr oo fs o f th e fac t th a t h e i s an d e v e r h as b e e n e qually , ,

h i s ma s te r a s h e e r acc o mpl i c e i n th e cri m e o f sl av e r y

”
w i th ,
.

H elp er N j 28 4
’
u e, a ge
s o o
g p .

It w as bym eri t n o r s u g g e s tio n o f h i s o w n b u t ra th e r b y

no ,

t h e d e m e r i ts o f b o th h i m s elf a n d hi s ma s te r th a t th e n e gr o w a s ,

bro ugh t to A m e r i ca N o t by a ny s p i ri t o f c o mm e ndabl e e n te r

.

pris e w a s h e i nd u c e d to i mm igra te h i th e r H e cam e u n d e r c o m .

p ul s io n ; an d u n d e r c o mpul s i o n h e mu s t (i n th e e v e nt o f th e fa il
u r e o f g e n tl e r a do m i n i ti o n s o n o u r par t) b e pr e va il e d u p o n to

e m i gra te b ack to A fr i ca t o M e x i c o t o C e n tral A m e ri ca to S o u th

, , ,

A m e ri ca o r to th e i s la n d s o f th e o c e a n
, .

H is c o m i n g t o th e N e w \Vo rld w a s n e i th e r v o l u nt ary n o r

h o n o rabl e It w as n o t fo r th e purp o s e o f b e tte r i n g h is c o n d i ti o n
.

i n l i fe . H e s o ugh t n o t an a syl u m fr o m th e o ppr e s s io n s o f ra n k

a nd arb i tr ary p o w er In u n r e s i s ti n gly all o w i n g h i ms e l f to b e
.

fo rc e d fr o m h i s fam ily an d fr o m h i s c o u n tr y w i th o u t e v e n th e ,

p r o m is e o r th e p r o s p e c t o f e v e r b e i ng p e r m i tte d to r e turn a n d i n ,

pa s s i v e ly s ubm i tti n g to b e tak e n i n c h a i n s h e k n e w n o t w hith e r ,

h e pu s illan i m o u sly y i e ld e d to th e m o s t abj e c t a n d d is g r ac e fu l vas

s alag e
“Fo r his pa s s ag e acro s s the A tlan ti c h e pa i d n o m o n e y n o
.

c o rn n o w i n e n o o il n or a ny o th e r th i n g w h a te v e r H e br o u gh t
, , , .

w i th h i m s elf n o h o u s eh o ld p r op e r ty n o a r ti cl e o f v i rtu (no r ,

pri nc ipl e o f v i r tu e ) n o s ilv e r n o g o ld n o r p r e c i o us s to n e s

, , , .

H e w a s h a tl e s s a n d c o a tl e s s a n d t r o u s e rl ess an d s h o e l e s s an d
, , , ,

sh ir tl es s ; i n b r i e f h e w a s u tte rly r e s o urc e l es s n ak e d a n d fil th y

, , .

H e cam e a s th e ba s e s t o f cri m i n al s —h e cam e a s a s lav e

; fo r ,

s u bm i s s i o n to s lav e ry i s a c r i m e e v e n m o r e h e i n o u s th a n th e c r i m e

o f mu r d e r ; m o r e o d i o u s t h a n th e g u il t o f i n c e s t ; m o r e a b o m i

n abl e th a n th e s i n o f d e v i l w o r s hi p -
.

Wi th hi m s e lf h e b ro ug h t n o k n o wl e dg e o f agri cul tur e c o m ,

m e rc e n o r ma n ufactur e s ; n o ab il ity fo r th e s alu tary ma n ag e m e n t

,

o f c i v i l a ff a i r s ; n o tac t fo r th e s u cc e s s ful ma n oe u vr i n g o f a r m i e s ;

n o ap ti tud e fo r th e r i gh t d ir e c ti o n o f n av i e s ; n o acq u a i n ta n c e s h i p

w i th s c i en c e l ite ra ture n o r ar t ; n o s k ill i n th e a n aly s is o f t h e e

, ,

ri e s ; n o s en ti m en t s tim u lativ e o f n o bl e ac tio n s ; n o s o ul fo r th e

e n c o urag e m e n t o f m o ral i ty Bri ng i n g w i th h i m s e lf n o th i ng b u t
.

h i s o w n black an d ba s tard b o dy d e n ud e d an d b e g r i m e d h e cam e , ,

2 08 A M E RI CA N WRI TE R S ON TH E N EG RO .

l i k e a bru te ; h e w as a bru te th en ; h e h ad al w ay s b e en a bru te ;

h e i s a bru te n o w ; an d th e r e i s n o m o r e r e a s o n fo r b e l i e v i n g th at
h e w i ll e v e r c e a s e to b e a bru te th a n th e r e i s for s upp o si n g ,

t h a t th e h o u n d w ill e v e r c e a s e t o b e a d o g — o n ly th at t h e ,

black b i p e d th e ba s e r o f th e tw o wi ll b e th e s o on e r e x ter
, ,

m i n ate d .

Ye t thi s i s th e fa tu o u s a n d fil th y fe ll o w w ho m by c erta i n de ,

grad e d an d v e ry c o ntemp ti bl e w hi te p er s o n s w e ar e advi s e d to ,

r e c o g ni z e a s an e qual an d a s a br o th e r ! T hi s i s th e i n c o rri g i bl e
a n d g r o v el l i n g i g n o ramu s u p o n w h o m i t i s pr o p o s e d t o c o n fe r at

o n c e the pri v i l e g e o f v o ti n g — th e r i gh t o f u ni v e r s al s u ff rag e !

,

T hi s i s th e l o ath s o m e an d m o s t e x e crabl e wr etch (ra nk s m ell i n g -

a n d h i d eo u s arc h cr i mi n al th a t h e i s h b m d
-
) w o h a s e e n
, e n ti o n e as

o n e fi t to h av e a v o i c e i n th e e n ac tm e n t o f law s fo r t h e g o v e rn

m e n t o f th e A m eri ca n p eo pl e .

Sh all w e c o n fe r th e e l e c ti v e fra n c h i s e o n th i s b a s e b o rn an d i ll -

br e d blackam o o r thi s h e a th e n i s h a n d s ku nk s c e n te d i d i o t !
,
-

N o ! W hy n o t ! Be ca u se h e do e s n o t k n o w a n d ca n n o t k n o w , ,

h o w to v o te i n te ll i g e n tly It w o uld th e r e fo r e t o s ay th e l ea s t b e
.
, ,

a n ac t o f gr o s s fo lly o n o u r par t t o e x t e n d t o th e n e gro th e pr i v i

,

l e g e o f d o i n g w h a t th e o m n ip o te n t G o d o f n a tur e h as o bvi o u sl y ,

a n d fo r all t i m e d e n i e d h i m th e p o w e r to d o
,
.

Th o se o f o ur h alf w i tte d an d d e mag o g ical l e g is lato rs w h o wa s te

~

ti m e i n a tte mp ti n g to p r o v e th e e qual i ty o f th e n e gr o a n d i n th e ,

drafti ng of ab s u rd la w s fo r h i s r e c o g ni ti o n i n g o o d fa i th a s a c i ti
z e n o f th e U n i te d S ta te s m i g h t w i th e qual pr o p ri e ty b u s y t h e m
, , ,

s e lv es i h t h e r i d i cul o u s i r ra t i o n al i ty o f fr am i n g c o d e s for all o w i n g

th e g o r i lla a n d th e c hi mpa n z e e t o a tt e n d c o mm o n s c h o o l s an d ,

for t h e bab o o n a n d th e o ra n g o u ta n g to t es ti fy i n c o ur ts o f
-

e qu i ty !

N 0 m an sh o uld e v e r b e r e c o g n i z e d a s a c i ti z e n o f th e U ni te d
S tate s n or b e al l o w e d t o par ti c i pa te i n a n y o f th e r i g hts o r pri v i
,

l e g e s o f c itiz en sh i p w ho di d n o t c o m e h ith er h o no ra bly a n d o f

,

his o w n acc o rd —
,
w h o di d n o t i mm i gra te to th e s e s h o r e s h e o r ,

h i s a n c e s to r s fr e e fr e e fr o m th e gyv e s an d c h a i n s o f s lav e ry
, ,
It .

w a s n o t o f h i s o w n c h o o s i n g i t w a s n o t at hi s o w n o p ti o n i t w a s
, ,

o n l y i n a s ta te o f th e m o s t abj c e t a n d cr m al rv ud
i i n s e i t e — a s o rt ,

of c o mp u
o n d f l
e on y b et w e en hi m s e lf a n d h i s ma s t e r — th a t th e ,

n e gr o cam e h i th e r fr o m A fr i ca Th e r efo r e fo r th e s e an d o th e r
.
,

s u ffi ci e nt r eas on s th e n eg r o sh o uld h av e n o v o i c e n o par t n or l ot

, , , ,
210 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O .

I s h all c o n clud e th es e r e mark s o n thi s part o f th e i nqu iry b y ,

o b s e rv i n g th a t n o m e a n h a s b e e n t ak e n by th e C auca s i a n rac e s
,

c o ll e c ti v e ly b e c au s e o f th e v e ry gre a t prep o n d e ra n c e o f H i ndo o

, ,

Egyp ti a n a n d Fe lla h s kull s o v e r th o s e o f th e G e rma n i c Pe la s g i c

, , , ,

a n d C e l ti c fam i l i es N o r c o uld any j u s t c o ll e c ti v e c o mpar is o n b e

.

i n s ti tu te d b e t w e e n th e C auca s i an an d n e g r o gro up s i n s uc h a
t abl e a s w e h av e pr es en te d u n l e ss th e s m all bra i n e d p e o pl e o f
,
-

th e la tte r d i v i s i o n w e r e pr o p o r ti o n ate i n n umb e r t o t h e Hi n d o o s

Egyp ti a n s an d Fe llah s o f th e o th e r gr o up
,
S uch a c o mpari s o n .
,

w e r e i t p r ac ti c abl e w o uld pro bably r e duc e th e C auca s i a n av e rag e

,

to ab o u t e i g h ty s e v e n c u bi c i n c h es a n d th e n e gr o t o s e v e n ty
-
,

e i gh t at m o s t p e r h ap s e v e n to s e v e nty five ; a n d th u s c o nfir m

,
-

a ti ve ly e s tabl i s h th e d iff e r e n c e o f at l e a s t n i n e cub i c i n c h e s b e tw e e n

th e m e a n o f th e tw o rac e s S amuel G eor ge Mor to n

.
”
Typ es of .

manki n d, p age 321 .

There ly two al te rn a ti v es b e fo r e u s at pre s e n t

ar e o n

1 st . Ei th e r ma n k i n d o ri g i n a te d fr o m a c o mm o n s to ck a n d ,

all th e d iff er e n t rac es w i th th ei r p e cul i ari ti e s i n th ei r p r e s e n t di s ,

t r i b u ti o n ar e t o b e a s cr i b e d t o s ub s e qu e n t c h a n g e s — a n a s s u mp
, ,

ti o n fo r w hi c h th e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e w h a te v e r a n d w h i c h l e ad s at ,

o n c e t o th e ad m i s s i o n t h a t th e d i v e r s i ty am o n g a n i mal s i s n o t a n

o ri g in al o n e n o r t h e i r d is tr i bu t i o n d e te rm i n e d by a g e n e ral pla n
, ,

e s tabl i s h e d i n th e b e g i n n i ng o f th e cr e a ti o n or , ,

2 d IVe m u s t ack n o wl e dg e th a t th e d i v e r s i ty am o n g a n imal s

.

i s a fac t d e te rm i n e d b y th e w i ll o f th e C r e a to r a n d th e i r g e o g r ap h ,

i cal d i s tr i bu ti o n pa r t o f th e g e n e ral pla n w h i c h u n i tes all o r ga n

i z e d b e i n g s i nto o n e g r e a t o rga n i c c o n c ep ti o n ; w h e n c e i t fo ll o w s
th a t w h a t ar e call e d h uma n rac e s d o w n t o th e i r Sp e c i al i za ti o n a s
,

n a ti o n s a r e d i s ti n c t pr i m o rd i al fo rm s o f th e typ e o f m an
, .

Th e c o n s e qu e n c es o f th e firs t al te rn a ti v e w h i ch i s c o n tra r y to ,

all th e m o d e r n r es u l ts o f s ci e nc e r un i n e v i tably i nto th e L amark

,

i an d e v e l o pm e n t th e o ry s o w e ll k n o w n i n th i s c o u n try th r o u g h
,

th e w o rk e n ti tl e d V e s ti g e s o f C r e a ti o n th o ug h i ts pr e m i s e s ar e
g en e rally ad o p te d by th o s e w h o w o uld s h ri nk fr o m th e c o n clu s io n s
to w h i c h th e y n e c es s ari l y l e ad — Pr of A gas s i z Typ es of Ma n
”
. . .
~

ki nd , p age 75 .
 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EG R O . 211

D o n ot th e i n sti n c ts
a tur e th e s o ci al law s o f m an all
o f o ur n , ,

o v e r th e c i v i l iz e d w o rld an d th e law s o f G o d fr o m G e n e s i s t o
, ,

R e v e la ti o n cry al o ud aga i n s t i n c e s t !
,
D o e s n o t th e fa th e r s h ri n k
w i th h o rro r fro m th e i d e a o f marry i n g h i s o w n ch i ld o r fr o m ,

s e e i n g th e b e d o f h i s dau gh t e r p o llu te d by h e r br o th e r ! D o n ot
c hi ldre n the m s el ve s s h udd e r a t th e th o ug h t ! A n d c an i t b e cr e d
i te d th a t a G o d o f i nfi n i te p o w e r w i s d o m an d fo r e s i g h t s h o u ld , , ,

h av e b e e n dri v e n to th e n e c e s s i ty o f pr o paga ti ng th e h uma n fam ily

fro m a s i ngl e pa ir an d th e n h av e s tulti fie d h i s a c t by s tamp in g
,

i n c e s t a s a cri m e ! I do n o t b el i e v e th a t tru e r e l i g i o n e v e r i nte n d e d

t o t e ac h a c o mm o n o ri g i n fo r th e h uma n rac e Ca i n k n e w hi s .

w i fe w h o m h e fo u n d i n a fo re i g n lan d w h en h e h a d n o s i s te r to
,
’
,

ma r ry ; an d al th o u g h c o rrup ti o n an d s i n w er e n o t w a nti n g
am o ng th e pa tri arch s ye t n o wh e r e i n Scr ip tur e d o w e s e e afte r
, ,

A da m s s o n s a n d d augh ter s a br o th e r marry in g h i s s i s te r

’
,
”
.

J os i ah Clar k N o tt Typ es Of Man ki nd p age 4 08

.
, .

Much as th e s ucc e ss th e i n fa n t
c o l o ny at L i b e ri a i s t o b e
of

d e s i r e d by e v e ry tr u e ph ila n th r o p i s t i t i s w i th r e gr e t th a t w hi l e , ,

w i s hi n g w ell to th e n e gr o es w e ca nn o t d i v e s t o ur mi n d s o f m el
,

a n c h o ly fo r e b o di ngs D r M o r to n q u o te d i n a n o th e r c h ap te r h as
. .
, ,

pro v e d th a t th e n e gro rac e s p o s s es s ab o u t n i n e c u b i c i nc h e s l e s s o f

bra i n th a n th e T e u to n ; an d u n l e s s th e r e w e r e r e ally s o m e fac ts i n
,

h i s to ry s o m e th i n g b e y o n d bar e h yp o th e s i s to t e ac h u s h o w t h e s e
, ,

d efici e n t i n c h e s c o uld b e artifici ally add e d i t w o ul d s e e m th a t th e ,

n e gr o e s i n A fr i ca mu s t r e ma in s ub s ta n ti ally i n th a t s am e b e

n i g h t e d s ta t e w h e r e i n N a tur e h as plac e d t h e m a n d i n w hi c h ,

th e y h av e s to o d acc o rd in g to Egyp ti a n m o n um e n ts fo r at l e a s t
, ,

five th o u s a n d y e ars ” —
Jo si ah Cla r k N ott
. Typ es of Man ki nd .
,

p age 1 89 .

Th e gro h as n ev e r tak e n o n e s te p to ward s m e ntal d e v e l op

ne

m ent as w e u n d e rs ta n d i t H e h as n e v e r i n v e n te d an alp h ab e t
, .
,

th a t pri mal s tar ti n g p o i nt i n m e n t al cul ti va ti o n — h e h a s n e v e r

-
,

c o mpreh e n d e d e v e n th e s i mpl es t n um e ral s — i n s h o rt h as h ad n o , ,

i n s truc ti o n e xc e p t th a t w hi c h i s v e rbal an d i m i ta te d w h i c h th e ,

c hild c o p i es fr o m th e par e nts w h i ch i s l im i te d to th e e x is tin g ge n,

c ra ti o n ; an d th e r e fo r e th e pr e s e nt g e n e ra ti o n ar e i n th e s am e c o n e
2 12 A ME R I CA N WR I TER S ON TH E N EG RO .

d iti o n th at th ei r pro g eni to rs o ccup i e d th o u s a n d s of y e ar s a

go .
”

Van Evr i e s N egr o es

’
a nd N egr o S la very, p age 2 1 8 .

Th e gr o m i n d i n e s s enti al r esp e cts i s al way s th a t o f a

ne , ,

ch ild , th e i ntell i g en c e as o b s erv e d i s m o r e rap i dly d e v el o p e d

-
, ,

i n th e n e g r o c hild th o s e facul ti es m o r e i mm e d i a te ly c o n n e c t e d
,

w i th s e n s ati o n p e rc ep ti o n a n d p erh ap s m e m o ry ar e m o r e e n e r
, , ,

g eti c ; b u t w h e n th ey r e ach tw e lv e an d fifte e n th ey d i v e rg e th e ,

r efl e c ti v e facul ti es i n th e w hi t e a r e n o w call e d i nto acti o n th e r e al ,

C au c a s i a n ch arac te r n o w o p e n s th e m en tal fo rc e s fa i rly e v o lv e d

, ,

w hi l e th e n e gr o r e mai n s s tati o n ar y a p erp etual c hi ld Th e , .

n e gr o o f fo r ty o r fifty h a s m o r e e xp e ri e n c e o r k n o wl e dg e p er ,

h ap s as th e w h i te m an o f th a t age h as a m o r e e x te n d e d k n o wl
,

e dg e t h a n th e m an o f tw e nty fi ve b ut th e i n te ll e c tual cal i br e

-
, th e
ac tual m e ntal capaci ty — i n th e fo rm er ca s e i s n o gr e ate r th a n i t
w as at fifte e n w h e n i ts u tm o s t li m i ts w e r e r e ac h e d
, Va n B or i e s .
” ’

N egr oes and N egr o S laver y, p age 2 1 9 .

W h i te h u sba n d s an d w i v e s w h e n o n e d i e s i n e arly l ife o fte n

, ,

r ema i n u nmarri e d fa ith ful to a m e m o ry fo re v e r ; a n d s till m o r e

,

fr e qu e n tly p erh ap s th e a ffe c tio n s th at b o u n d th e m to g eth e r i n

, ,

th ei r y o u th r e ma i n br i g h t an d u n tar n i s h e d i n a ge a n d t o th e b o r
d e rs o f th e g r av e S uch a thi n g n e v e r h app en e d w i th a n e gr o
. .

N o t o n e o f t h e c o u ntl es s m i ll i o n s th a t h av e l i v e d u p o n th e e ar th
w as e v e r k e p t fr o m marry i n g a s e c o n d ti m e by a s en ti m e nt o r a
m e m o ry W i th th ei r l i mite d m o ral e n d o wm ent s uch a thi n g i s an
.

ab s o lu te m o ral i mp o ss i b i l i ty T h e y l i v e w i th e ach o th e r to e x
.

tr e m e o ld a ge b e cau s e th e y i m i ta te th e s up eri o r rac e a n d b e

, ,

cau s e i t h as b e c o m e a h ab i t p e rh ap s ; b u t th e gra n d purp o se s o f

,

n a tu r e acc o mpl i s h e d t h e r e i s l i ttl e o r n o th i n g m o r e o r o f th o s e

, ,

bl es s e d m e m ori e s o f j o y an d s u fferi n g o f e arly h o p e s an d ch a st ,

e n e d s o rr o w w hi c h s o b i n d a n d bl e n d t o g e th e r th e w h i te h u s ba n d
,

a n d w i fe a n d o fte n r e n d e r t h e m qu i te a s n e c e s s ary t o e ach o th e r s

’
,

h app i n e s s a s i n th e fl u s h a n d v i g o r o f y o u th ”
Van E vr i e s N e
’
.

gr oes a n d N egr o S la ver y, p age 2 4 2 .

It m ay b e c o nfid entl y a ss er ted th at no c o mmu ni ty c an be

2 14 A ME R I CA N WRI TER S ON TH E N E G RO .

mos t of th e m
much c o mpa s s i o n for th e rac e aga i n s t w h o m th e ,

wro ng w as c o mm i tte d Yo u i n Euro p e s e e m e d t o b e th i n k i n g

.

ab o u t th e i n d i vi dual n e gro es ; w e i n th e ma s s t h o u g h t l i ttl e o r , ,

n o th i n g o f th e i n d i vi dual n e gr o e s b u t muc h o f th e barbar o u s i n ,

s titu ti o n o f s lav e ry
” —
R i cha r d G r a nt Wh i te
. L etter to the L on .

d on Sp ecta to r , 1 8 65 .

In th e la s t y e ar o f th e war a cl ergyma n w h o h ad b e e n a p r o,

fess o r i n th e c o ll e g e w h e r e I s tud i e d a n d w h o i s o n e o f th o s e ge n ,

tl e firm w i s e m e n w i th larg e s o ul s a n d w i d e s ympathi e s w h o

, , , , ,

c an c o n tro l m e n a n d par ti cularly y o u n g m e n by m e r e p e r s o n al

, ,

i n flu e n c e s o th a t w h e n th e u n d e r gradua tes w e r e u n ruly o r h a d a

’

-
,

gri e van c e th e y w o uld g i v e u p at o n c e to D r

, fo r pu r e l o v e .
,

w h en h i s c o ll e agu e s c o uld do n o th i n g a n d all th e te rr o rs o f c o ll e g e ,

di s c i pl in e w e r e laug h e d t o s c o rn — thi s m an w e n t t o th e S o u th o n
,

a to u r o f o b s ervati o n an d w as plac e d i n a uth o ri ty a s far as s lav e ry

, ,

w as c o n c e rn e d o v e r a c o n s i d e rabl e r e cla i m e d d i s tri c t by o n e o f o u r

,

m o s t e m i n e n t g en eral s For y e ar s b efo r e th e war h e h a d b e e n

.

o n e o f o u r s tr o n g es t a n ti s lav e ry m e n a n d h a d by h i s wri ti n g s
-
,

d o n e a s m u ch a s a n y o n e p e r s o n i n th e c o u n try w h o w a s n o t a ,

pro fe s s e d j o ur n al i s t o r p o l i ti c i a n to bri n g ab o u t th e s ta te o f pub

,

l i c fe e l i n g th a t pr o v o k e d s e c es s i o n I m e t hi m o n hi s r e tu rn h o m e .
,

“
a n d h a d n o t t alk e d w i th h i m th r e e m i n u tes b e fo r e h e s a i d to m e ,

I c o m e b ack h atin g s lav e ry m o r e th a n e v e r b u t l o ath i n g th e ,

n e gr o w i th a n u n u tte rabl e l o a thi n g Th a t a c u r s e t o h av e th a t .

p e o pl e o n o u r h a n d s ! A n d n o t l o n g a go o n e o f th e e d ito r s o f
’
,

o n e o f th e l e ad i n g a n ti s lav e ry pap e r s i n th e c o u n try an d o n e

-
,

w h i ch adv o ca te s g i vi n g s u ff r ag e to th e fr ee d s lav e s s a i d to m e , ,

‘
T h es e n egro es ar e d o u b tl es s h e re by a d isp e n s a ti o n o f Pr o v i
d e n c e b u t w i th a n e ar n e s tn e ss w h i c h a w h i m s i cal s m i l e c o uld
, ,
’

n o t c o n c e al ; o h th a t th e L o rd h a d b e e n pl e a s e d t o d i s p e n s e hi s
,

n e gr o e s s o m ew h e r e e l s e ! R i char d G r ant Whi te L etter to the .

L ondon Sp ectator , 1 8 65 .

T h er e h as n e v e r b e en th e s l i gh test da n g e r o f an i n s urr e c ti o n
o f th e s lav es Th e r e al v i c ti m o f s lav e ry i s th e w h i te m an
. .

Wh ate v er l ittl e g o o d th er e i s i n th e s y s te m th e black m an h as h a d ; ,

”
w h i l e m o s t o f th e e vi l h as fall e n to th e white man s s h ar e ’
.

Par ton s G en Butler i n N ew O r leans , p age 9 9

’
. .
 A M E R I CA N WR I TE R S ON TH E N EGR O . 2 15

Th e U ni te d S ta tes a r e y o u n g fr e s h an d v i g o r o u s ab o u nd in g , , ,

i n w e al th e x u l ti n g i n s tr e n g th a n d e ag e r fo r ac ti o n
,
Th ey c o m e , .

o f a rac e th e A n gl o S ax o n s e e m i n gly e n d o w e d w i th a d e a th l e s s
-
, ,

S pr i n g a n d v i tal i ty a ra c e w h i ch cru sh e d o l d R o m e w h e n R o m e
, ,

o ppr es s e d th e w o rld w hi c h r e ar e d th e s tup e n d o u s s tructur e o f

,

Bri ti s h e n te rpri s e — w h i c h i mp e ll e d th e arm i es o f th e R e fo rma

,

ti o n
,
w h i ch pla nte d i n th e N e w XVo r l d th e h ard i e st o f i ts c o l o
h i s t s — a n d w h i ch n o w c o mma n d i n g th e c i tad e l as w e ll as t h e
, ,

o u tp o s ts o f c i v i l iz a ti o n w i eld s th e d e s ti n i e s o f all th e t ri b es
”
.
,

Pa r ke G o dwi n . Poli ti ca l E s s ays p age 1 1 5 , .

Th e p o p u l a tio n i n A m eri c a o f E uro p e an e x trac ti o n h a s gro w n

s o la r g e a n d th e acc e s s i o n s to i t by i mm i gra ti o n a r e s o va s t t h a t
, ,

w e c an b e g i n t o s e e th a t th e m i ss i o n o f th e n e gr o h e r e i s n e arly
c o mpl e te d an d th at th e l i m i ts o f h i s p o s s ibl e e xpa n si o n may b e
,

c o mpu te d In fifty y e ars th e w h i te rac e s n o w i n th e Un i te d

.
,

S tate s an d th ei r d e s c en da n ts w i ll n umb e r m o r e th a n o n e h un
, ,

dre d m ill i o n s Wh il e i t i s i mp o s si bl e to pr e d i c t e xac tly th e march

.

o f thi s gr e a t mul ti tud e o r to d e fi n e pr e c i s e ly t h e r e g i o n s i t w i ll

,

o ccupy i t i s e a s y to s e e th a t th e n e gr o i n N o r th A m e r i ca mu s t b e
,

pr es s e d i nto n arr o w b o u n d s A n d i t i s i n N o r th A m e ri ca o nl y .

th a t h e i s fo rm i dabl e b e cau s e i t i s h e r e o n ly th a t h i s n u m b e r s a r e
,

i n cr e a s i n g ; t h e A fri ca n rac e i n S o u th A m e ri ca a n d i n th e W e s t
I n d i e s b e i n g e i th er s tatio n ary o r d e cli ni n g e xc ep t s o far as i t i s ,

k ep t u p by th e slav e trad e w h i ch i s r e duc e d n o w to a Si ngl e is l

-
,

a n d r e s tra i n e d e v e n th e r e w i thi n cl o s e l i m i ts a n d m e n ac e d c o n
, ,

s tan tly by t h a t c o mpl e te e x ti n c ti o n w h i ch i t ca n n o t l o n g e s cap e

”
.

Wes ton s Pr ogr ess Of S laver y p age 1 5 8

’
, .

Th e xp eri m e n t o f A fri ca ni z i n g A m eri ca h as h ad a l on g tri al

e ,

o f m o r e th a n th r ee c e n turi e s a n d h as fa i l e d a t all p o i n ts a n d i n ,

e v e ry p ar ti cular Of c o urs e i t w a s n o t e xp e cte d to bri n g c i v il i

.
,

z ati o n a n d th e art s to th e N e w W o rld an d i t h as fa il e d e v e n t o

'

p o pulate i t Th e p o l i cy o f A fri ca ni zati o n o ugh t n o w t o b e g i v e n

.

u p ; b u t w h e th e r g i v e n u p o r n o t i t mu s t s o o n y i e ld to a n ew a n d ,

b ette r o rd e r o f e v e n ts ”
Wes ton s Pr ogr ess of S lavery p age 1 6 1
.
’
, .
216 M UL A TTO E S ,
’

TH E O FF S P R IN G OF CR IM E S .

A ato my p hy s i o l o gy an d m i cro s c opy c o n cur i n pr o v i ng th at

n , ,

th e n e gr o i s o f a d i s ti n c t a n d i nfe ri o r s p e c i e s to th e C au ca s i a n ;
a n d h i s to ry c o nfirm s th e e v i d e n c e fu rn i sh e d by th e i n v e s ti ga ti o n

o f th e n a tural p h i l o s o p h e r Th e u n vary i n g c o l o r o f th e h a i r
.
,

th e d i s ti n c ti v e mark o f all a ni m al s i n capabl e o f c i v i l i z at i o n as ,

w ell a s th e p e cul i ari ty o f i ts s tructur e ; th e v o lum e s h ap e a n d , ,

w ei g ht o f th e brai n i n feri o r to th at o f th e d o m i n a nt s p e ci es a n d
, ,

th e h alf bru te l ik e c h arac te r o f th e p h y s i o g n o my a n d g e n e ral

- -
,

fo rmati o n ar e e v i d e n c e s n o t to b e d i s r egard e d by th e car eful an d

c o n s ci enti o u s ph i l o s op h e r N ei th e r i n a n ci en t n o r m o d e rn ti m e s
.

h as th e n e gr o e v e n w h e n plac e d u n d e r th e m o s t fav o rabl e c i r

,

c u m stan c e s ac h i e v e d a n y th i n g o f m o m e n t
,
Th e s te ady adva n c e .

o f th e w h i te Sp e c i es m ee ts w i th n o parall e l i n th e black Th e .

latter h as pro v e d its elf w h e n l e ft to i ts e lf to b e in capabl e o f pro g

, ,

r e s s Ev e n w h e n t augh t by a s up eri o r Sp e ci es i t s o o n r etro

.
,

g rad es to h op el e s s barbari s m N 0 m an w h o valu e s h i m

.

s elf w h o h a s a ny r e gard for s o u n d m o ral i ty o r w h o fe el s a ny

, ,

d es i re to s e e i ntell e c tual pro gre s s mad e c erta i n c an j o i n i n th e ,

ab s u r d a ttemp t to rai s e th e n egr o to hi s o w n l e v e l A m o v e m e n t .

fo r s uc h e n d s i s n e c e s s arily i mp o te n t an d c a n o nly r es ul t at th e
, ,

b es t for th e n egr o i n th e d e gradati o n o f th e w h ite — Thomas

, .
”

D unn Engli s h . L etter to John Camp bell , Phi la delp hi a , 1 8 5 1 .

C HA PT E R XXX I .

MU L A TTO E S ; TH E O FF S R IN G P O F CR IM ES A G A IN ST N A TUR E .

I publ ish e d a sh o rt e ss ay o n Hybri di ty th e o bj e c t o f

IN 1 8 4 2 , ,

w h i ch w as to Sh o w th at th e w hi te m an an d th e n e gro w e re
,

d isti n ct s p e ci es i llu strati n g my p o s i ti o n by n um e r o u s facts fr o m

,

th e n atural hi s to ry o f m an a n d th a t o f th e l o w e r a ni mal s Th e .

qu esti o n at th at t i m e h ad n o t a ttrac te d th e a tten ti o n o f D r Mor

, , .

to n . Many o f my fac ts an d argum e nts w er e n e w e v e n to h im ; ,

 18 M UL A TTO E S TH E O FFS PRIN G OF C IME S .
R

gr e a tly i n fe ri o r t o th e m s e lv es , uch as Egyp ti a n s a n d Syri a n s

— s ,

a n d h e n c e th e d e t e r i o ra ti o n to w h i c h i n a g r e a t m e a s ur e m u s t
, ,

b e a s cri b e d th a t d e cl i n e i n c i v i l i za ti o n w h i c h e n d e d i n th e d o w n
fall o f th e R o ma n p o w e r N ature h as en d o w e d th e vari o u s rac e s
.

o f m an w i th w i d ely d i ff e r e n t qual i ti e s b o d ily a n d m e n tal m u c h

, ,

i n th e s am e w ay as i t h as d o n e w i th s e v e ral cl o s e ly all i e d s p e c i e s
o f t h e l o w e r a ni mal s W h en th e qual i ti e s o f d ifl e r e n t rac e s o f
.
°

m an ar e e qual n o d e tri m e n t r e s ul ts fr o m th ei r u ni o n
, Th e m e n .

r el Fr e n c h a n d En gl i s h ar e e qual to t h e pur e br e e d s o f G e rma n y

g
a n d S ca n di n av i a W h e n o n th e o th e r h a n d th ey ar e u n e qu al
.
, , ,

” —
d e te ri o ra ti o n o f th e hi g h e r rac e i s th e i n e v i tabl e r e s ul t J ohn .

Cr awf u r d . A n thr op ologi cal R evi ew Vol I , . .

, p age 4 05 .

N ature app e ar s to h av e guard e d aga in st th e al te rati o n s o f

S p e c i e s w hi c h m i g h t pr o c e e d fr o m m i x tur e o f br e e d s by i n fl u e n c ,

i n g th e vari o u s s p e c i es o f a n i mal s w i th mu tual av e r s i o n fr o m e ac h

o th e r . H e n c e all th e cu n ni n g an d all th e fo rc e th at m an i s abl e
t o e x e rt i s n e c e s s ary t o acc o mpl i s h s uc h u n i o n s e v e n b etw e e n ,

s p e c i es th a t h av e th e n e ar e s t r es e mbla n c es A n d w h e n th e mul e .

br e e d s th at ar e th u s pr o duc e d b y th es e fo rc e d c o nju n cti o n s h ap

, ,

p e n t o b e fru i tful w h i c h i s,s e ld o m th e ca s e t hi s fe cu n d i ty n e v e r ,

c o nti n u e s b ey o n d a fe w g e n e ra ti o n s a n d w o uld n o t pr ob ably p r o

,

c ee d s o far w i th o u t a c o n ti n ua n c e o f th e s am e car e s w h i c h e x
,

c ite d i t at firs t T h u s w e n e v e r s e e i n a w i ld s ta te i nte rm e d i ate

.

pr o ducti o n s b e tw e e n th e h ar e an d th e r abb it b e tw e e n t h e s tag ,

a n d th e d o c o r b e tw e e n th e mar ti n an d th e w e a s e l
,
Bu t t h e .

p o w er o f m an c h a n g e s th i s e s tabl i s h e d o rd e r an d c o ntri v es to ,

pro duc e all th e s e i nt e rm ix tur e s o f w h i ch th e vari o u s Sp e c i e s ar e

s u s c e p ti bl e b ut w hi c h th e y w o uld n e v e r pr o duc e i f l e ft to th e m
,

s elv e s Theory Of the E a rth p age 1 1 8

”
. Cuvi er .
, .

In r e gard ril ity o f h ybri d s i n s ucc essi v e g e nera ti o n s

to th e s te

th o ug h G ar tn e r w as e n abl e d t o r e ar s o m e h ybri d s car e fully gu i d ,

i n g th e m fr o m a cro s s w i th e i th e r pur e par e n t fo r s i x o r s e v e n , ,

a n d i n o n e ca s e fo r te n g e n e ra ti o n s ye t h e a ss e r ts p o s iti v e ly th a t
,

th e i r fe rti l i ty n e v e r i n cr e a s e d b u t g e n e rally g r e a tly d e cr e a s e d

,
.

I do n ot d o ub t th at i t i s u s ually th e c as e an d th a t th e fer ti li ty o fte n

,
 M UL A TTO E S TH E O FFS PR IN G OF CR IME S . 2 19

”
s udd enly d ecre as es i n th e firs t fe w g en e ratio n s . D a r wi n s
’
O r i gi n

f p
o S eci es p age 22 0 , .

I d o ub t wh eth e r a ny ca se o f a p e rfe c tly fe rtil e h ybri d an i mal

b e co n sid e re d a s th o r o ug h ly w e ll au th e n ti cat e d
”
D ar w i n s
’
c an .

O r i gi n f
o Sp eci es , p age 22 3 .

S ome on e, wh o si gn s hi m s e lf “
r e c en tl y p ub
r A i el , h as
l i s h e d i n Ci n c i n n a ti , a p a mp h l e t , i n w h i c h w i th w o n d erful
, ,

i n g en u i ty o f c i t a t i o n an d a r g u m e n t h e e n d ea v o r s t o pr o v e , ,

e v e n fr o m t h e B i bl e i ts e l f t h at th e n e g r o i s a m e r e b eas t a
, ,

cr e atur e w i tho u t a s o ul I f A r i e l s p o s i ti o n s b e ad m i tte d

.
’

as t ru e w h at t e rr i bl e p en a l ti e s h a v e b e e n i n curr e d b y t h e
,

m an y v er y vi l e a n d v e r y d i s r ep u ta b l e i n d i v i d u al s wh o h av e
vi o l a te d th e fo ll o w i n g l aw

If a m an li e w i th a b e a st h e sh all s ur ely b e p ut to d e a th ; an d
y e S h all S lay t h e b e a s t A n d if a w o ma. n appr o ac h u n t o any b e ast ,

a n d li e d o w n th e r e to th o u s h al t k i ll t h e w o ma n a n d th e b e a s t ;
,

” —
th ey s h all s ur el y b e p u t to d eath L evi ticu s XX 1 5 . . .

Tho u alt n o t l e t thy cattl e g e n d e r w i th a d i ve rs e k i n d ;

sh th o u
” —
s h al t n ot s o w thy fi e ld w i th m i n gl e d s e e d L evi ti cus X IX . . 19 .

al t n ot s ow th y v i n ey ard w i th d i v e rs s e e d s l e s t th e
Th o u sh ,

frui t o f th y s e e d w hi ch th o u h a s t s o w n a nd th e fru i t o f thy v i n e

yard b e d efile d ; th o u s h al t n o t pl o u gh w i th an e x a n d an a ss
to g e th e r — D eu ter on omy XXII 9
. . .

Th e Lrd s pak e u nto Mo s es s ayi n g Sp e ak u nto A ar o n s ay

o , , ,

i n g W h o so e v e r h e b e o f th y s e e d i n th e i r g e n e ra ti o n s th a t h a th
,

a ny bl e m i sh l e t hi m n o t appr o ac h t o o ffe r th e br e ad o f h i s G o d
, .

Fo r w h a ts o e v e r m an h e b e th a t h a th a bl e m i sh h e sh all n o t ap
pro ach ; a bl i n d m a n o r a lam e o r he tha t ha th a flat n os e o r any
, ,

thi n g s u p e rfl u o u s or a m an th a t i s br o k e n fo o te d o r bro k e n
,
-
,

h an de d o r cro ok back e d or a d warf or th a t h a th a bl em i s h i n hi s

,
~
, ,
2 20 M UL A TTO E S TH E O FFS PRIN G OF CRIME S .

e ye , o r be curvy o r s cabb e d
s , or h a th hi s s to n es br o k en
h e h a th a bl e m i s h ; h e s h all n ot com e ni gh to o ff e r th e br e ad of

hi s G o d .
-
L evi ti cus XXI 1 6 . .

Yo u a s k e d m e , i n c o n v e r s a ti o n , w h a t c o n sti tu te d a mula tto

by o ur law ! an d I b eli e v e I told yo u fo ur cr o s s i n g s w i th t h e
w hi t e s . I l o o k e d afte rwar ds i n to o u r l a w an d fo u n d i t to b e i n
th e s e w o rd s : Ev e ry p e r s o n o th e r th a n a n e gr o o f w h o s e gra n d
, ,

fath e r s o r gra n dm o th ers a ny o n e s h all h av e b e e n a n e gro Sh all

, ,

b e d e e m e d a mula tto a n d s o e v e ry s uch p e r s o n w h o s h all h av e

'

o n e fo ur th par t o r m o r e o f n e gr o bl o o d s h all
-
i n li k e ma n n e r b e , ,

d e e m e d a mula tto Th e ca s e p u t i n th e firs t m e mb e r o f

.
’

th i s paragrap h o f th e l aw i s exemp l i gr a ti a Th e la tte r c o nta i n s .

th e tr u e ca n o n w h i c h i s th a t o n e fo u r th o f n e gr o bl oo d m i x e d
, ,
-
,

w i th a ny p o rti o n o f w h ite c o n s ti tu te s th e m u la tto A s th e i s s u e

, .

h as o n e h alf o f th e bl o o d o f e ach par e n t a n d th e bl o o d o f e ac h o f

-
,

th e s e may b e mad e up o f a vari e ty o f frac ti o n al m i x tur e s th e e s ,

ti mat e o f th e i r c o mp o u n d i n s o m e ca s es may b e i n tr i ca te ; i t b e
, ,

c o m e s a ma th e mati cal pr o bl e m o f th e s am e cla s s w i th th o s e o n

th e m i x tu r e s o f d i ffe r e n t l i qu o r s o r d iffe r e n t m et al s ; a s i n th e s e ,

th e r e fo r e th e al g ebra i cal n o t a ti o n i s t h e m o s t c o n v e n i e n t a n d i n
,

t e lli gi b l e L e t u s e xp r es s th e pur e bl o o d o f th e w hi te i n th e cap i

.

tal l e tte r s o f th e pr i nt e d alp h ab e t th e p u r e bl o o d o f th e n e g r o i n ,

th e s mall l e tte r s o f th e pri n te d alp h ab e t a n d a n y g i ve n m i x t ur e ,

o f e i th e r by way o f abr i dg e m e n t i n M S l e tte r s

, , . .

L e t th e firs t cr o s s i n g b e o f a pur e n e gr o a n d A pur e w h i te , , , .

Th e u n i t o f bl o o d o f th e i s s u e be i n g c o mp o s e d o f th e h alf o f th a t
A
of e ach p ar e nt w ill , be f Call i t, fo r abbr e v i atio n , h ( alf
h
2 2
bl o o d ) .

L et th e s e on c d cro s si n g b e o f h an d B th e bl o o d o f th e i s s u e w i ll
h B h
or s ub sti tuti ng fo r i ts e qu i val ent , it w ill be f
2 4

- call it Q (quar te r o o n) b e in g i , ne g ro bl oo d .

4 2
L e t th e th i rd cro s s i n g be of q an d C ; th ei r o ffs prin g w ill b e
A B c
9
+ 5
2 ; c all th i s e ( e i gh th ) wh o , h avm s
5
,
2
2 22 M UL A T TO E S TH E O FFS PRIN G OF CR IM ES .

on th i sc o ntin e nt b ut th e h ybri d s gra dually w e ar o ut wh il e th e

, ,

o l d s to ck pr e s e rv es i ts o r i g i n al typ e Th e Fr e n c h fro m th e i n
.
,

fa ncy o f d i s c o v e ry o n th i s c o n ti n e nt i nte rmarri e d w ith th e In d i a n

,

tri b es . But w h e r e i s th e Fr e n ch tri b e o f I n d i a n s to b e fo u n d !

T h ey mad e th e s am e e xp e ri m e n t w i th th e black s i n St D o m i n g o .
,

a n d a m o n gr e l rac e app e ar e d fo r a ti m e o f vari o u s t i n ts b u t i t

, , ,

i s gradually va n i s hi n g S o th e o l d Spa ni s h bl o o d th a t m ix e d w i th
.

t h at o f th e I n d i a n s i n S pa n i s h A m er i ca h a s alm o s t r u n o u t a n d ,

I n d i a n s a n d Spa ni ard s ar e a s i n c on gru o u s w i th e ac h o th e r a s i n

th e b e g i n n i n g a n d t h e fa tal r es ul t o f t hi s a tte mp te d amal gama
,

ti o n i s S h o w n i n th e d e g radati o n o f b o th rac e s a n d i n t h e i n s ta ,

b i li ty o f th ei r g o v e r nm e n ts If th e hi sto ry o f th e w o rld an d th e
.
,

pr e s e nt a sp e c t o f b o th h e m i s p h er es di d n o t mak e ma n i fe s t th e
,

ab s urd i ty o f th e pr o p o s e d s y s te m o f m i x i n g th e black a n d w hi te

rac es i n th e ma n ag e m e nt o f a c o mm o n g o v e r n m e nt a n d bl e n d in g ,

th e tw o c o l o r s t o mak e a th ird o r ra th e r a p i e bal d p e o pl e o f

, , ,

all c o l o r s th e r e pug n a n c e o f ca s te w hi c h h a s gr o w n u p i n thi s

,

c o u n try o n th e part o f th e w hite fr e e man to th e black m an con ,

t ra s t e d by hi s s e rv i l e c o n d i ti o n fro m hi s fir s t app e ara n c e am o n g

,

u s as s tr o n gly a s by h i s e b o n y S k i n a n d curl e d h a i r
, c e rt ai nl y ,

s h o w s th a t n o th i n g s h o r t o f i n s a n i ty c o uld h o p e to r e c o n c i l e th e

d o mi nan t a n d I m i g h t s ay th e d o m i n e e ri ng rac e to s uch a c o n

, , , ,

j u n c ti o n ”
.Montgomery Bla i r Sp eech a t Con cor d N H June
-
.
, . .
,

17, 1 8 63 .

Th e fo ll o w i n g i te m , r e c entl y p u b l i s h e d i n th e n e w s p ap er s ,
s h o w i n g a d et e rm i n ati o n o n th e p ar t o f th e p eo pl e o f C al i

for n i a to pr e v e n t b y l a w th e a m al g a m ati o n o f t h e w hi te and

, ,

b l ac k r a c es i s , i t i s b e l i e v e d s u gg e s ti v e o f wh at o u gh t t o
, ,

b e d o n e i mm e d i at el y b y th e p e op l e o f t h a t an d e v er y o th er
S tate i n th e U n i o n

A b ill l o w e r H o u s e o f th e Cal ifo rni a L eg

i ntr o duc e d i nto th e
i sl atur e o n th e 30th o f J a n u ary to pr e v e n t th e amalgama ti o n o f
,

d i ff e r e n t rac e s o f m e n pr o vi d e s th at any w hi te p e r s o n w h o s h all

,

b e c o n v i c te d o f marry i n g o r o th e r wi s e c o h ab i ti n g w i th a n e g r o ,

mula tto Ch i n es e o r I n d i a n s h all b e pu ni sh e d by fin e a n d i mp r i s

, , ,

o n m e n t o r b o th
, ; a n d th a t th e fac t th a t a p e r s o n b e d s b o ard s , ,
 A L R IN O S , E TC . 2 23

c oh ab its or i ntermarr i es w ith an i n d i v i dual o f an y o f s a i d rac e s

, ,

s h all b e p r i mé f a c i e e v i d e n c e th a t s u c h a p e rs o n i s n o t a w hi te

c i tiz en a n d s h all s ubj e c t hi m to all c o n stitu ti o n al d i s ab i l i ti es i m

,

p o s e d o n p e rs o ns o f c o l o r ”
.

It i s s ai d th a t th e r e i s l i fe i n s ur an c e c o mp an y i n al l
n ot a -

th e w o r l d t h at w i l l tak e a r i s k o n th e l i fe o f an y mul atto .

W hy Be c a u s e c o mm o n s en s e an d c o mm o n e x p er i e n c e a l i k e
!

t e a c h th a t th e mul a tto i s t h e o ffs p r i n g o f a cr i m e a g ai n s t

n at ur e ; t h a t h e i s alw ay s e v e n fr o m h i s e ar l i e s t i n fan c y
, ,

r d i o s e d t o d i s e a s e ; t h at h e s e l d o m r e c o v e r s w h e n o n c e
p e s p
o v e r t ak en b y s e v e r e s i c k n e s s ; th at h e u s u all y fall s a n e as y

vi c ti m t o e p i d e m i c s ; a nd th at h e i s (s p eak i n g b r i efl y an d

t o th e p o i n t ) a n at ur e ab h o rr e d a n d s h o r t l i v e d m o n s t r o s i ty ;
- -

a n d ye t mul atto es an d n eg r o e s ar e th e s o r t o f cr e a tur e s w i t h

wh o m R ad i c al pol i ti c i ans wo u l d p op u l ate A mer i c an S tate s !

C HA P T ER XX XII .

AL B IN OS ; W HITE N EG R O ES AND O TH ER C R EA TUR E S O F SUPER

N A TU R A L W H ITEN E SS .

I WIL L n o w add a sh o rt ac c o u nt o f an a no mal y o f n atur e tak ,

i n g plac e s o m e ti m es i n th e rac e o f n e gr o e s br o ug h t fr o m A fri ca ,

w h o th o ug h black th em s elv es h av e i n rar e i n s ta n c e s w hi te

, , , ,

ch i ldre n call e d alb i n o s I h av e k n o w n fo ur o f th e s e my s elf an d

, . ,

h av e fa i th ful acc o u nts o f th r e e o th e r s Th e c i rcum s ta n c es i n

.

w h i c h all th e i n d i v i dual s a gr e e ar e th es e : T h e y ar e o f a pall i d

cadav e r o u s w hi te u n ti n g e d w i th r e d w i th o u t any c o l o r e d s p o ts o r
, ,

s e a m s ; th e i r h a i r o f th e s am e k i n d o f w h i t e s h o rt c o ar s e an d , , ,

curl e d as i s th a t o f th e n e g ro ; all o f th e m w ell fo rm e d s tro n g , ,

h e al thy p erfe c t i n th ei r s e n s e s e xc e p t th a t o f s i gh t an d b o rn o f
‘

, , ,
2 24 A ER IN O S , E T C.

p ar e n ts w h o h a d n o m i x tur e o f w hi te bl o o d T h r ee o f th e s e al .

b i no s w e r e s i ste rs h avi n g tw o o th e r full s i ste rs w h o w e re black

, , .

Th e y o u n g e st o f th e t h r e e w as k i ll e d by l i gh tn i n g at tw e l v e y e ar s ,

o f age Th e e ld e st d i e d at ab o u t t w e n ty s e v e n y e ar s o f a ge i n
.
-
,

child b e d w i th h er s e c o n d ch i ld Th e m i ddl e o n e i s n o w al i ve i n
-
, .
,

h e al th a n d h as i s s u e as th e e ld es t h ad by a black m an w hi c h
, , , ,

i s s u e w a s black T h e y ar e u n c o mm o nly s h r e wd q u i c k i n th e ir
.
,

appreh e n s i o n s a n d i n r eply T h ei r e y e s ar e i n a p e rp etual tr e m u .

l o u s v i bra ti o n v e ry w e ak a n d much a ffe c te d by th e s un ; b u t th e y

, ,

s e e m u c h b e tte r i n th e n i gh t th a n w e d o Th e y ar e th e pro p .

e r ty o f C o l o n e l S k i pw i th o f C u mb e rla n d Th e fo u r th i s a n e g r o
, .

w o ma n w h o s e par e n ts cam e fr o m G u i n e a an d h a d th r e e o th e r
, ,

c h i ldr e n w h o w e r e o f th e i r o w n c o l o r
, S h e i s fre ckl e d a n d h er .
,

e y e s i g h t s o w e ak th a t s h e i s o bl i g e d to w e ar a b o nn e t i n th e s u m

m er ; b u t i t i s b e tte r i n th e n i g h t th a n d ay S h e h a d an alb i n o .
,

chi ld by a b l ack m an It d i e d at th e age o f a fe w w e ek s T h e s e

, . .

w e r e th e pr o p e r ty o f Co l o n e l C arte r o f A lb e r m ar l e A s i x th i n , .

s ta n c e i s a w o ma n th e pr o p e r ty o f a M r Bu tl e r n e ar Pe t e r s b u rg
, .
, .

S h e i s s to u t a n d r o b u s t h as i s s u e a daug h te r j e t black by a black

, ,
-
,

m an . I am n o t i n fo r m e d a s to h er ey e s i g h t Th e s e v e nth i n .

s ta n c e i s o f a mal e b e l o n g i n g to a Mr L e e o f Cumb e rla n d His .

, .

e y es a r e t r e mul o u s an d w e ak H e i s t all o f s t a tu r e a n d n e w a d .
,

va n c e d i n y e ar s H e i s th e o nly mal e o f th e al b i n o s w h i c h h av e
.

c o m e w i thi n my i n fo rmati o n W h a te v e r b e th e cau s e o f th e d is .

e a s e i n th e s k i n o r i n th e c o l o r i n g ma tte r w hi c h p r o d u c e s th i s
, ,

c h a n g e i t s e e m s m o r e i n c i d e n t t o th e fe mal e th a n mal e s e x
,
To .

th e s e I may add th e m e n tio n o f a n e g r o m a n w i thi n my o w n

k n o wl e dg e b o r n black a n d o f black par e n ts ; o n w h o s e c h i n
, , ,

w h e n a b o y a w h i te s p o t app e ar e d
, T h i s c o n ti n u e d t o i n c r e a s e .

t i ll h e b e cam e a m an by w h i c h t i m e i t h a d e x te n d e d o v e r h i s
,

c hi n l i p s o n e c h e c k th e u n d e r j aw a n d n e ck o n t h a t s i d e
, , ,
It i s , .

o f th e alb i n o w hi te w i th o u t a n y m i x t ur e o f r e d a n d h a s fo r s e v
, ,

e ral y e ar s b e e n s t a ti o n a r y H e i s r o b u s t a n d h e al th y a n d th e .
,

c h a n g e o f c o l o r w a s n o t acc o mpa n i e d w i th a ny s e n s ib l e d i s e a s e

e i th e r g e n e ral or to i cal
p
” —
J efi er s o n s W o r ks V ol VII 1 .
p ga e
” ’
, . .
,

31 8 .

Th e n am e alb i n o w a s o ri g i n ally appli e d by th e Po rtugu e s e to

th e w hi te n e g r o es th e y m e t w i th o n th e c o a s t o f A fri ca . Wi th
2 24 A L BIN O S , E TC.

p ar e nts w h o h ad n o m i x tur e o f w hi te bl o o d T h r ee o f th e s e al .

b i no s w e r e s i s te r s h avi n g tw o o th e r full Si s te rs w h o w e r e bla c k

, ,
, .

Th e y o u n g e s t o f t h e th r e e w a s k i ll e d by l i gh tn i n g at tw e l v e y e ars ,

o f a ge Th e e ld e s t di e d at ab o u t t w e n ty s e v e n y e ar s o f a ge i n
.
-
,

child b e d w i th h er s e c o n d ch i ld Th e m i ddl e o n e i s n o w al i v e i n
-
, .
,

h e al th a n d h as i s s u e a s th e e ld es t h ad b y a black m an w hi c h
, , , ,

i ss u e w a s black T h e y ar e u n c o mm o nly s h r e wd q u i c k i n th e i r
.
,

appreh en s i o n s a n d i n r eply T h ei r e y e s ar e i n a p erp etual tr e m a .

l o u s v i bra ti o n v e ry w e ak a n d much a ffe c te d by th e s un ; b ut th e y

, ,

s e e m u c h b e tte r i n th e n i g h t th a n w e d o Th ey ar e th e pro p .

e r ty o f C o l o n e l S k i pw i th o f C u mb e rla n d Th e fo u r th i s a n e g r o
, .

w o ma n w h o s e par e n ts cam e fr o m G u i n e a an d h ad thr e e o th e r

, ,

c h i ldr e n w h o w e r e o f th e i r o w n c o l o r
, S h e i s fre ckl e d a n d h e r .
,

e y es i g h t s o w e ak th a t S h e i s o bl i g e d to w e ar a b o nn e t i n t h e s u m

m e r ; b ut i t i s b e tte r i n th e n i g h t th a n d ay S h e h a d an alb i n o .

child by a b l ack m an It d i e d at th e age o f a fe w w e ek s T h e s e

, . .

w e r e th e pr o p e r ty o f Co l o n e l C arte r o f A lb e r m ar l e A s i x th i n , .

s ta n c e i s a w o ma n th e pr o p e rty o f a Mr B u tl e r n e ar Pe te r s b u rg
, .
, .

S h e i s s to u t a n d r o bu s t h a s i s s u e a da u g h t e r j e t bla c k by a black
, ,
-
,

m an .I am n o t i n fo r m e d a s to h er e y e si g h t Th e s ev e nth i n .

s ta n c e i s o f a mal e b e l o n g i n g t o a Mr L e e o f C umb e rla n d Hi s .

, .

e y es a r e t r e mul o u s a n d w e ak H e i s t all o f s ta tu r e a n d n e w a d .
,

v a n c e d i n y e ar s H e i s th e o nly mal e o f th e al b i n o s w h ic h h av e
.

c o m e w i th i n my i n fo r mati o n \Vh a te ver b e th e cau s e o f th e d is .

e a s e i n th e s k i n o r i n th e c o l o r i n g ma tte r w hi c h p r o d u c e s th i s
, ,

c h a n g e i t s e e m s m o r e i n c i d e n t t o th e fe mal e th a n mal e s e x
, To .

th es e I may add th e m e n ti o n o f a n e gr o m a n w i thi n my o w n

k n o wl e dg e b o rn bla c k a n d o f black par e n ts ; o n w h o s e c h i n
, , ,

w h e n a b o y a w h i te s p o t app e ar e d, T h i s c o nti n u e d to i n c r e a s e .

t i ll h e b e cam e a m an by w hi c h t i m e i t h a d e x te n d e d o v e r h i s
,

ch i n l ip s o n e c h e e k th e u n d e r j aw a n d n e ck o n th at s i d e It i s
, , , , .

o f th e alb i n o w hi te w i th o u t a n y m i x tur e o f r e d a n d h as for s e v

, ,

e ral y e ar s b e e n s t a ti o n a r y H e i s r o bu s t a n d h e al th y an d t h e .
,

c h a n g e o f c o l o r w a s n o t acc o mpa n i e d w i th a ny s e n s i bl e d i s e a s e

e i th e r g e n e ral o r t o i cal — J er s o n s Wor ks V V ”

fi ol ] II ’
age
p e p.
, . .
,

31 8 .

Th e n am e alb i no w as o ri g i nall y appl i e d by th e Po rtugu e s e t o

th e w hi te n e gr o e s th e y m e t w i th o n t h e c o a s t o f A fri ca . Wi th
 A L R IN O S , E TC . 22 5

th e fe atur e s o f th e n e gro an d th e p e cul i ar w o o l ly fo rm o f th e h ai r ,

th e c o l o r o f th e S k i n w a s w h i te l i k e p e arl a n d th e h a i r r e s e mbl e d ,

th a t o f th e w hi te s t h o r s e Th e e ye i n s te ad o f th e j e t black h u e
.
,
-
,

w hi c h s e e m s g i v e n to th e i nh ab i ta n ts o f th e tr o p i c s to e n abl e th e m
t o b e ar th e i n te n s e glar e o f th e s u n w a s l i k e t h at o f th e w hi te ,

rabb i t an d fe rr et a n d l ik e thi s b ette r s u ite d fo r u s e i n th e m o o n

,

l i g h t an d i n pla c e s s h e l te re d fro m th e lig ht o f day Fro m thi s

, .

i n ab i l i ty t o b e ar th e l i g h t w h i ch h o w e v e r i s s a i d to b e muc h e x
, , ,

a gge r a te d L i n n ae u s call e d th e al b i n o s n o c t urn al m e n

, Th ey .

g e n e rally lack th e s tre n g th o f o th e r m e n ; an d a p e cul i ar h ars h

n e s s o f th e s k i n s u c h a s i s n o ti c e d i n ca s es o f l e pr o s y w o u ld s e e m
, ,

t o i n d i ca te th a t t h e p h e n o m e n o n m i gh t r e s ul t fr o m a d i s e a s e d o r

g a ni z ati o n Y
. e t t h e alb i n o s s u ffe r fr o m n o d iffe r e n t c o mpla i n ts

fro m o th e r p e rs o n s A s i n th ei r p h y s i cal d e v el o pm e n t th e y ar e
.
,

c o rr e sp o n d i n gly d efic i e n t i n th e i r m e ntal capaci ty In th e s am e

‘

fam i ly s e v e ral c h ildr e n ar e s o m eti m e s b o rn alb i n o s T h e y ar e .

m o s t g e n e rally o f th e mal e s e x It i s n o t u n d e r s to o d to
.

w h at u l ti mate c au s e th e p h e n o m e n o n i s to b e a ttri bu te d It i s .

o b s e rv e d i n all cl i ma te s a n d am o n g all rac e s o f m e n

, I nd e e d it .
,

i s n o t l i m i te d to m an ; fo r i n d i vi dual s p o s s e s s i n g th e s am e p e c u
l i ar i ti e s ar e fo u n d am o n g a g r e at vari e ty o f th e warm bl o o d e d -

a n i mal s an d acc o rd i n g to G eo ffr ey S t Hila i re i n fi s h e s a n d s o m e

, , .
,

s p e c i e s o f m o ll u s c o u s a n i mal s a s w e ll Exampl e s ar e n o t v e ry .

rar e am o n g th e fe a th e r e d tri b e th e e ffe ct b ein g s e e n i n th e c o l o r

,

o f th e pl u mag e a s i n o th e r a ni mal s i n th a t o f th e h a i r
, Th e .

w hi te cro w an d th e w hi te blackb i r d ar e alb i n o s A lb i n o m i c e ar e .

n o t v e ry u n c o mm o n Blum e n bac h n o ti c e s th e fe e bl e n es s o f th e i r
.

e y e s a n d th e i r d i s p o s iti o n t o av o i d th e l i g h t by th e i r cl o s i n g th e i r
, ,

e y e l i d s e v e n i n th e tw i l i g h t Th e w h i te e l e p h a nts o f I n d i a ar e
.

v e n e rate d by th e n ati v e s w h o b el i e v e th e m to b e a ni ma te d w i th
,

th e s o ul s o f th e i r a n c i e n t k i n g s In th e h uma n rac e p e rh ap s m o r e
.
, ,

alb i n o s ar e to b e fo u n d am o n g th e n e gro e s th a n am o n g an y o th e r
p e o p l e ; bu t th i s may b e o w i n g to th e p e cul i ari ti e s b ei n g w i th
t h e m m o r e pr o m i n e n t a n d a ttrac ti n g m o r e a tte n ti o n
, O n e o f th e .

k i n g s o f th e A sh a nte e s i s s ai d to h av e h ad par ti cular r e gard fo r

th e s e p e o pl e a n d c o ll e c te d ar o u n d h i m a b o u t o n e h u n dr e d o f
,

th e m . A c c o rd i n g to H u mb o ld t alb i n o s ar e m o r e c o mm o n am o n g
,

n a t i o n s o f da r k s k i n a n d i n h ab i ti n g h o t c l i ma te s
,
In th e c o pp e r .

c o l o r e d ra c e s th e y ar e m o r e rar e a n d s ti ll m o r e s o am o n g th e
,

w h i te s . N ew A mer i can Cyclop aedi a Vol I p age 2 8 4 , . .

, .
226 A L BIN O S, E TC .

Alb i no s may b e fo u n d i n alm o s t e v e ry c o mmu n i ty i n So u th e rn

G u ine a Ev e ryw h e r e th ey ar e r e gard e d a s s o m e w h a t s acr e d a n d
.
,

th e i r p e r s o n s ar e c o n s i d e r e d i n v i o labl e O n n o c o n d i tio n w h at
.

e v e r w o uld a m an s tri k e o n e o f th e m G e n e rally th e y ar e v e ry

.

m i ld ; a n d I h av e n e v e r h e ard o f th e i r tak i n g adva ntag e o f th ei r

ack no wl e dg e d i nv i o lab i li ty In fe a tur e s th e y ar e n o t u nl ik e th e
.

r e s t o f t h ei r rac e b u t th e i r c o mpl e x i o n i s v e ry n e arly a pure

,

w h i te th e i r h a i r o f th e o rdi n ary t e x tur e b u t o f a c r e am c o l o r

, , ,

a n d th e i r e y es ar e gray an d al w ay s i n m o ti o n
, Wi ls on s A f r i ca .
’
,

p age 31 1 .

A t th e m o u th of alb i n o gi rl i s s acri
th e Bra ss R i v e r , w h en an

fi c e d th e o ffic i ato r at th i s c e r e m o n y i s an o ld m an n am e d O n ter o o

, .

H e h as a n e n o rm o u s tu b e r o s i ty o n th e back o f hi s h e ad b u t w h eth
e r hi s d i v i n i ty i s b e l i e v e d t o e x i s t i n t hi s o r n o t my i n fo rma nt ,

ca n n o t s ay S e v e ral ca n o e s acc o mpa ny hi m an d th e v i cti m w h o

.
, ,

i t s e e m s i s qu i te s a ti sfi e d w i th h e r fa te as s h e i s i n d o c tr i n a te d
, ,

w i th t h e i d e a th at h er fu tur e d es ti n y i s to b e marri e d to a w h i te
m an . A s s o o n as th e y r e ach th e bar th e ca n o e s ar e all tu rn e d
,

w i th th e i r h e ad s h o m e ward s ; th e w o rd i s g i ve n an d th e g irl i s ,

th r o w n i n to th e wa t e r w i th a w e i g h t r o u n d h er n e ck to p r e v e n t
,

h e r fl o a ti n g th u s o bv i a ti n g th e p o s s i b i l i ty o f an e s cap e
, Ten .

Year s Wa n der i ngs a mong the E thi op i ans by Thomas J Hutchi ns on

’
, .
,

F R . . G . S .

A curi o u s s up ers titio n i s c o nn e cte d w ith Parro t I sl a n d an d i s ,

o b s e r v e d w i th r e l i g i o u s pu n c tual i ty by th e n a ti v e s o f Old Kalab ar ,

o n th e o cca s i o n o f n e e d ari s i n g fr o m i ts p e rfo rma n c e Wh e n e v e r .

a s carc i ty o f Eur o p e a n trad i n g s hi p s e x i s ts o r i s appre h e n d e d , ,

t h e D uk eto w n au th o ri ti es ar e accu s to m e d t o tak e an alb i n o c h i ld

o f th e i r o w n rac e an d o ffe r i t up a s a s acri fic e a t Pa r r o t I s l a n d
, , ,

t o th e G o d o f th e w hi te m an ” —
Hutchi ns on s Wes tern Af r i ca
.
’
,

p age 1 12 .
2 28 R EE- EMIN EN CE OF TH E WH I TE R A O ES .

ri ght an gl e s w i th th e l in e o f th e n o s e Th e fac i al a n gl e i s n i n ety

.

d e gr e e s Th e s ta tur e i s tall l ith e w e ll pr o p o r ti o n e d ; th e s h o u l

.
, ,

d e rs n e i th e r to o br o ad n o r to o n arr o w Th e l e n g th o f th e e x .

t e n d e d arm s i s e qual to th e w h o l e h e i g h t o f th e b o dy ; i n o n e
w o rd all th e pro p o rti o n s r e v e al th e p e rfe ct h arm o n y w hi c h i s th e
,

e s s e n c e o f b e a u ty S uc h i s th e typ e o f th e w h i te rac e — th e
.
,

Cauca s i a n a s i t h a s b ee n agre e d to call i t — th e m o s t p u r e th e

, , ,

m o s t p erfe c t typ e o f h uma n i ty — A r n o ld G uyot . E ar th an d .

Ma n , p age 255 .

A s i a h as
y i eld e d to Eur o p e th e s c e p tre o f c i v il i zati o n fo r tw o
th o u s a n d y e ar s A t th e pr e s e n t day Eu r o p e i s s ti ll u n q u e s ti o n
.
,

ably th e fi r s t o f th e c i v i l i z i n g c o n ti n e n ts N o w h e re o n th e s u r .

fac e o f o ur pla n e t h as th e m i n d o f m an ri s e n to a s u b l i m e r h e i g ht ;
n o w h e r e h a s m a n k n o w n s o w e ll h o w t o s u bd u e n a tu r e a n d t o ,

m ak e h er th e i n s tr u m e n t o f i n te ll i g e n c e T h e n a ti o n s o f Eu r o p e
.

r epre s e n t n o t o nly th e h i g h e s t i nte ll e c tu al g r o w th w h i c h t h e h u ma n

r ac e h as a tta i n e d at a n y e p o c h b u t th e y r u l e al re ady o ve r n e a r ly
,

e v e ry par t o f t h e gl o b e a n d a r e p r e pa r i n g t o pu s h th e i r c o n q u e s ts
,
-

furth e r s ti ll — A r n o ld G uyot E a th a nd Ma n p a ge 3 1
. .
r
, .

Th e abl ish m en t o f Euro p e a n c i vi l iz ati o n i n th e N e w W o rl d

e st ,

w hi c h h as m o r e th a n d o u b l e d th e te r ri to ri al e x te n t o f th e c ul ti
vate d n ati o n s p r e par e s a n e p o c h o f aggra n d i z e m e n t m o r e rap i d
,

s till . Th e t w o A m e r i ca s s i tu a te d b e t w e e n t h e o th e r fo u r c o n ti
,

n e n ts s e e m d e s ti n e d t o b e c o m e i n th e i r t u r n a n e w c e n tr e o f
, , ,

ac ti o n o r a p o i nt o f s u pp o r t fo r t h e e s tabl i s h m e nt o f e a sy a n d
,

m o r e rap i d r e la ti o n s w i th all t h e n a ti o n s o f th e w o r l d a n d ,

th e i r r e s i s ti bl e l o g i c o f fac ts pa s s i n g u n d e r o u r e y e s c o m p e l s u s
t o b e l i e v e th at d ur i n g t h e e p o c h w h i c h i s pr e pa r i n g t h e b o u n
, ,

dari c s o f th e d o ma i n o f th e c i v i l i z e d w o r ld c a n o n ly b e th o s e o f
th e gl o b e i ts el f
”
A r n o ld G uyo t
. E a r th an d All a n p age 32 8
.
, .

W e b e l o n g to th e A n gl i ca n rac e w hi ch carri e s A n glica n ,

p r i n ci pl e s an d l ib e rty o v e r th e gl o b e b e c au s e w h e r e v e r i t , ,

m o v e s l ib e ral i n s ti tu ti o n s an d a c o mm o n l aw full o f ma nly r ig hts

,

a n d in s tin c t w i th th e pri n c i pl e o f a n e xpa n s i v e l i fe a c c o mpa n y i t

"
.
,
 F E E -E MIN E N CE OF TH E WH ITE R A CE S . 2 29

W e b el o n g to th a t rac e w h o s e o bv i o u s ta s k i t i s am on g o th e r ,

pr o ud an d s acre d ta s k s to r e ar a n d s p r e a d c i vi l l ib e rty o v e r va s t
,

r e g i o n s i n e v e ry part o f th e e arth o n c o n ti n e n t a nd i s l e W e , .

b el o n g to th at tri b e w h i ch al o n e h as th e w o rd S el f G o v e rn m e n t ” -
.

F r anci s L i eber Ci vil L iberty a n d S elf G over nment p age 2 1

.
, .

Th e r e ar e ma ny n ati o n s an d tri b e s w hi ch h av e alr e ady di s

app e ar e d fro m th e e arth b e cau s e th e y di d n o t r es i st th e p o w e r o f
,

m o r e p o w e rful n a ti o n s o r w e r e u n abl e to b e c o m e p o w e rful th e m

,

s e lv e s . W e do n o t gri e v e o v e r th e fall o f th e Ce l ts b e cau s e w e ,

o ur s e lv e s d e s tr o y e d th e m W e l o o k o n w i th tra n qu ill i ty as th e
.

ab o ri gi n al p eo pl e o f A m eri ca d e cay an d pa ss away w h i l e o ur o w n ,

”—
ra c e i s th e s o l e cau s e o f th ei r d e s truc ti o n B ur mei s ter s Black .
’

Man , p age 1 3 .

Th e N g r o o r A fri ca n w i th h i s black s k i n w o o lly h ai r an d

e , , ,

c o mpr e s s e d e l o n gate d skull ; th e Mo n g o l i a n o f Ea s te rn A s i a a n d

,

A m e ri ca w i th hi s o l i v e c o mpl e x i o n br o ad a n d all b ut b e ardl e s s

, ,

fac e o bl i qu e ey e s an d s quar e s k u ll ; an d th e C auca s i a n o f VVe st

, ,

e rn A s i a a n d Eu r o p e w i th h i s fa i r s k i n a n d fac e full br o w
, an d , ,

r o u nd e d s kull ; s u c h as e v e ry s ch o o l b oy k n o w s ar e th e thr e e
,
-
,

gr e at typ e s or vari e tie s i nto w hi c h n a turali s ts h av e d i vi d e d th e i n

h ab i tan ts o f o u r pla n e t A cc e p ti n g th i s r o ug h i n i ti al c o n c e p ti o n
.

o f a w o rld p e o pl e d e v e ry w h e r e m o r e o r l e s s c o mpl etely w i th

, ,

th e s e th r e e var i e ti e s o f h u ma n b e i n g s o r th e i r c o mb i n a ti o n s th e ,

hi s to ri a n i s abl e i n v i rtu e o f i t to a n n o u n c e o n e i mp o rta n t fac t at

, ,

th e v e ry o u ts et to w i t th a t u p to th e pr es en t m o m e n t th e d es
, , , ,

ti n i e s o f th e s p e c i e s app e ar t o h av e b e e n carr i e d fo rw ard alm o s t

e x c l u s i v e ly b y i ts C auca si a n vari ety — N or th Br i tis h R evi ew .
”
,

A ugus t, 1 84 9 .

We n o w c o m e to th e typ i cal Cauca s i a n fam il y w hi ch e m ,

brac e s th e gr e a te s t c e r e bral d e v e l o pm e nt i n w i d th an d d ep th ,

c o mb i n e d w ith th e h ig h e s t fo rm o f b e au ty s tre n g th an d p o w e r o f , ,

e n d u r a n c e c o u pl e d w i th a n e rv o u s s y s te m l e s s s way e d b y i mpul s e
,
.

In thi s gr o up i s fo u n d th e m o s t p e rfe c t n o ti o n s o f th e i d e al b e a u ti
ful o f r e la ti v e pr o p or tion i n ar t an d i n l iteratur e of l o g i c an d o f
, ,

20
2 30 PR E -E MIN E N CE on TH E WH I TE R A O ES .

th e ma th e mati cal s c i e n c e s i n g en e ral It i s h er e th a t

.

fe mal e b e au ty i s p o s s e s s e d o f th e h i g h es t h uma n l o v el i n e s s grac e , ,

a n d d e l i cacy ; a n d th e ma n ly c h a r ac te r a tta i n s th e m o s t maj es ti c

a n d v e n e rabl e a s p e c t H a mi lton S mi th s N a tu r a l H is to ry of the

.
’

Hu ma n Sp ec i es p age 4 01 , .

Th e C auca s i a n fo rm o f m a n c o mb i n e s ab o v e th e r es t s tre n g th , ,

o f l i mb w i th ac ti v i ty o f m o ti o n e n abl i n g i t to e n d ur e th e gr e a t
,

e s t v i c i s s i tu d e s o f t e mp e ra t u r e i n all cl i ma te s ; to e m i gra te c o l o ,

n i z e a nd mul tiply i n th e m w i th th e s o l e e xc e p ti o n o f th e p o s i ti v e
, ,

e x tr e m e s H is l o n g e v i ty i s m o r e g e n e rally pr o trac te d e v e n i n
.
,

th e m i d s t o f th e e n e rva ti n g h ab i ts o f h i g h c i v i l i z a ti o n ; h i s s o l i d
fibre g i v e s a r e a s o n e d s e lf p o s s es si o n a n d dari n g i n v i c i s s itud es
-
,

a ri s i n g fro m th e pa s s i o n s fr o m acc i d e n t o r fr o m th e e l e m e n ts ;
,

a n d hi s r e fl e c ti v e p o w e r s fi n d e xp e d i e n t s to brav e da n g e r w i th

s e lf p o ss es s i o n a n d i mpu n i ty
-
Th e m o ral a n d i n te ll e c tual c h arac
.

te r w e fi n d t o b e i n u n i s o n w i th h i s s t r uc tu r e ; th e r e a s o n i n g p o w
e r s o u t s tr i pp i n g t h e m e r e pr o c e s s o f c o mpari n g s e n s a ti o n s a n d ,

s h o w i n g i n v o l i ti o n m o r e e l e va te d t h o ug h t m o r e r e a s o n i n g j u s
, , , ,

t i c e a n d h uma n i ty ; h e al o n e o f all th e rac e s o f ma n k i n d h as p ro

,

d u c e d e xampl e s o f fr ee a n d p o pula r i n s ti tu ti o n s a n d h i s p hy s i cal ,

c h arac te ri s ti c s h av e ma i nta in e d th e m i n s o c i al l i fe By m e a n s o f .

hi s l o g i cal i n te ll e c t h e h a s arri v e d at i d e a s r e qu i s i te fo r th e ac
,

u i s i ti o n o f ab s tr ac t tru th s ; r es o r ti n g t o ac tu al e xp e ri m e n t h e
q ,

fix e d ba s e s w h e r eo n to b u ild d e m o n s trabl e i n fe re n c e s w h e n th e ,

p o s i ti v e facts ar e n o t o th e rw is e s h o w n ; h e i n v e n te d s i mpl e arb i

tr ar y c h arac te r s t o r e pr e s e n t w o rd s a n d m u s i cal s o u n d s ; a n d a
fe w s ig n s w hi ch n e v e r th e l e s s d e n o te i n t h e i r r ela ti v e p o s i ti o n s
, , , , ,

all th e p o s s ibl e c o mb in a ti o n s o f n u m b e rs an d q u a n ti ty ; h e h a s
m e a s ure d ti m e an d d i s ta n c e mak i ng th e s i d e r e al b o d i e s u n e rr i n g
,

gu i d es t o mark l o cal i ty an d g i v e n au ti c al d i r e c ti o n ; h e h as a s c e n d
e d t o th e s k i e s d e s c e n d e d i n to th e d e e p a n d ma s te r e d th e p o w e r s
, ,

o f l i gh tn i n g By m e c h a n i cal r e s e arc h e s th e b e a r d e d m a n h a s a s
.
,

s u a ge d h uma n t o i l mul tipl i e d th e r e s ul ts o f i n d u s try a n d c r e a t e d

, ,

a v e l o c ity o f l o c o m o ti o n s u p eri o r to th e fl i g h t o f b i rd s ; by h i s
c h e m i cal d i s c o v e ri es h e h a s m o d i fie d b o d ily pa i n a n d pr o duc e d
, ,

n u mb e rl e s s d i s c o v e ri e s u s e ful i n m e d i c i n e i n a r t s a n d m a n u fac , ,

t ure s .H e h a s fo u n d e d a s o u n d a n d c o n n e c te d s y s te m o f t h e s c i
e n c e s i n g e n e ral an d acqu i r e d a cr i ti cal l i te ra tu r e ; w h il e
,
fo r ,
2 32 PR E - EMIN EN CE OF TH E WH I TE R A CE S .

th a t th e S o u th e rn State s ccup i e d by a nyb o d y b u t ne g ro es

c an be o ,

t w o th i rd s o f th e i r i n h ab i ta nts b ei n g ac tually w h i te s a n d th e i n
-
,

cr e a s e o f th e w h i te s b ei ng gre ate r th a n th at o f th e black s w h at ,

ab s urd i ti e s may n o t b e main ta in e d ! Wes ton s Pr ogr es s of ’

S laver y, p age 1 5 9 .

H umb o ld t o b s e rv es th a t th e C auca s i a n race s ar e d i sti n gu i sh e d

by th ei r fl e x i b ili ty o f o rga ni zatio n i n r e s p e c t to cl i ma te ; an d o f
th i s w e h av e a r e markabl e i n s t a n c e i n th e Fr e n c h w h o h av e l o n g ,

o ccup i e d th e l o w e r Mi ss i s s i pp i a n d th e m o s t n o r th e rly o f th e C a n

ada s an d w i th o u t any l o s s o f th ei r o ri g in al v i g o r i n e i th e r o f th o s e
,

w i d e ly s epar ate d la ti tud e s Th e d e s c e n da nts o f th at rac e e x

.
,

e l le d fr o m A cad i a s u ff e r e d a d i s p e r s i o n e qua lly w i d e b e in g

p , ,

fo u n d i n th e C ar o l i n a s o n th e G ulf o f Me x i co an d o n th e u pp e r
, ,

S t J o h n i n th e la ti tud e o f Q u e b e c
. If th e r e ar e malario u s r e
.

g i o n s at th e S o u th o n th e c o a s ts o f th e A tla nti c a n d th e G ulf o f

,

Me x i c o th e y a r e o f l i m ite d e x te n t a n d a s a w h o l e th e W hite ra c e
, , , ,

e x h i b i ts as muc h p h y s i c al v i g o r a t th e S o u th a s a t t h e N o rth a n d , ,

i n th e o p i n i o n o f ma n y o b s e rv e r s d e c i d e dly m o r e , Wes ton s .

’

Pr ogr ess of S la very p age 1 60 , .

I b e l ie v e th at th e gr e a tn e s s o r abj e ctn e s s o f e v e ry p eopl e i s

d u e pri mar i ly i f n o t s o l e ly to o n e cau s e
, , rac e I n d e e d s ee i n g , .
,

as i t app e ar s t o m e th a t th e ma n i fe s ta ti o n o f th e i mmu tabl e qual

,

i ti e s o f rac e i s th e o n e g r e a t fac t o f h i s to ry ; th a t th e a n n al s o f th e
w o rl d t e ac h u s th at th e p o w e r o f rac e i s th e o n e ma s te r a n d p o s
i ti ve fo rc e th e o p e ra ti o n o f w h i c h c an b e cal c ula te d up o n a s a
,

c e rta i nty ; th at i t i s th e pri mal l aw o f h uma ni ty ; th a t i t i s w o rk

i n g a s i rr e s i s tibly a n d w i th ac ti o n as p o s i ti v e a n d s i mpl e a s i t
w o rk e d th o u s a n ds o f y e ar s ago ; th at a t thi s v e ry day i t i s br e ak
i ng th e b o n d s o f tr e a ti es a n d d es tr o y i n g k i n gd o m s to mak e n a ti o n s ,

to d e n y i ts fo rc e o r to ra te i t at l e s s th a n param o u n t i mp o rta n c e
, ,

s e e m s t o m e l i k e calcula ti n g e cl i p s e s o r bu i ld in g h o u s es w i th l i k e

d i s r e sp e c t t o th e fo r c e an d law o f grav itati o n — R i char d G r ant .

”

Whi te . L etter to the L ondon Sp ecta tor , 1 865 .

Mo s t d isti n c tly do I d eny th a t th i s c o u ntry is gr e at o nl y be

 P R E -E M IN E N CE OF TH E WH ITE R A O ES . 233

cau se i t is paci o u s i n th e p o s s e s s i o n o f d irt ; b e cau s e l ik e R u s

s ,

s i a i t i s va s t o r e v e n b e c au s e l i k e Fra n c e i t i s r i c h a n d w arl i k e
, , , , .

Its r e al gr e a tn e s s I b el i e v e w i th a b e l i e f h av i n g th e cl e arn e s s o f
, ,

c o n vi ctio n a n d th e e ar n e s tn e s s o f fa i th h a s i ts s o l e o r i g i n i n th e ,

qual i ti es o f th e rac e by w h i ch th e la n d w as s ettl e d an d r e clai m e d ,

a n d by w h i c h its g o v e rn m e n t an d i t s s o c i e ty w e r e fram e d
”
.

R i char d G r a nt Whi te L etter to the L o ndo n Sp ecta tor 1 8 65

.
, .

It i s th e ri c tly w hite rac e s th at ar e b e ari n g o n ward th e fiam

st

b e au o f c i vi l i za ti o n as d i s pl ay e d i n th e G e rma n i c fam il i e s al o n e
,
”
.

J os i ah Cla r k N ott . Typ es f

o Ma n ki nd , p ge 4 05
a .

H i s to ry , m o n um ents o s te o l o g i cal re mai n s e v e ry

trad i ti o n , , ,

li terary r e c o rd an d s c i e n ti fic i n d u c ti o n all s h o w th a t rac e s h av e ,

o cc u p i e d s u b s t a n ti ally th e s am e z o n e s o r pr o v i n c e s fr o m t i m e i m

m e m o r i al S i n c e th e d i s c o v e ry o f th e mari n e r s c o mpa s s ma nk i n d
.
’
,

h av e b e e n m o r e d i s tu rb e d i n th e i r pri m i ti v e s e a ts ; a n d w i th th e ,

i n cr e a s i n g fac i l iti e s o f c o mmu n i ca ti o n by la n d a n d s ea i t i s i m ,

p o s s ibl e to p r e d i c t w h a t c h a n g es c o m i n g ag es may bri n g fo r th .

Th e C a u ca s i a n rac e s w h i ch h av e alway s b ee n th e r e pre s e n t a ti v e s

,

o f c i vi l i za ti o n ar e t h o s e al o n e t h a t h a ve e x t e n d e d o v e r a n d c o l o
,

n i z e d all pa r t s o f th e gl o b e ; a n d muc h o f th i s i s th e w o rk o f th e

la s t th r e e h u n dr e d y e ar s Th e Cr e a to r h as i mpla n te d i n thi s
.

gro u p o f rac e s an i n s ti n c t th at i n s pi te o f th e m s elv e s dri v e s th e m

, ,

th r o ugh all d ifficul ti e s to car r y o u t t h e i r g r e a t m i ss i o n o f c i v i l iz i n g

t h e e ar th . It i s n o t r e a s o n o r p hi la n th r o py w hi c h u rg e s th e m o n ,

b ut i t i s d e s ti n y W h e n w e s e e gr e a t d i v i s i o n s o f th e h uma n fam
.

i ly i n cr e a s i n g i n n umb e r s s pr e ad i n g i n all d i r e c ti o n s e n cr o achi n g

, ,

by d e gr e e s u p o n all o th e r rac e s w h e r e v e r th e y c an li v e an d pro s

e r a n d g r ad u a lly s u ppla n ti n g i n fe ri o r typ es i s i t n o t r e a s o n abl e
p , ,

to c o n cl u d e th a t th e y a r e fu lfill i n g a l aw o f n a tur e — J osi ah Clar k .

N ott . Typ es of Manki nd p age 77 , .

N o d i s ti n ctly m ark e d rac e s c an dw ell to g eth e r o n e qual

tw o
t e rm s S o m e rac e s m o r e o v e r app e ar d es ti n e d t o l i v e a n d pr o s
.
, ,

e r fo r a t i m e u n ti l th e d e s tr o y i n g rac e c o m e s w h i c h i s t o e x te r
p ,

m i n ate and s uppla n t th e m Ob s erv e h o w th e ab o ri g i n e s o f A m e r

.

2 0*
2 34 F EE -E M IN E N CE or TH E WH ITE R A CE S .

i ca ar e fad i n g a w ay b e fo r e th e e x o ti c rac e s o f Euro p e T h o s e .

g r o up s o f ra c e s h e r e to fo r e c o mp r e h e n d e d u n d e r th e g e n e ri c t e r m
C a u ca s i a n h av e i n all ag e s b e e n th e rul e rs ; a n d i t r e q u i r e s n o
,

pr o ph e tic e ye to s e e th a t th e y ar e d e s ti n e d e v e n tu ally to c o n qu e r
a n d h o ld e v e ry fo o t o f th e gl o b e w h e r e cl i ma te d o e s n o t i n te rp o s e

a n i mp e n e tr abl e barr i e r N o p h i la n th ro py n o l e g i sla ti o n n o

.
, ,

m i s s i o n ary la b o r s c a n c h a n g e thi s l aw ; i t i s w r itte n i n ma n s n a

,
’

tur e by th e h a n d o f hi s C r e a to r
”
Jos i ah Cla r k N ott Typ es of
.
-
.

Ma nki nd , p ge a 79 .

W he n w e fre e fr o m thi s plagu e s p o t o f s lav e ry — th e

ar e -
,

c u r s e t o o ur i n d u s try o u r e du c a ti o n o u r p o l i ti c s a n d o u r r e l i g
, , ,

w e s h all i n c r e a s e m o r e rap i dly i n n u mb e r a n d s ti ll m o r e ,

ab u n da n tly b e ri c h Th e S o u th w i l l b e a s th e N o r th — a c ti ve
.
, ,

i n te ll i g e n t
, Vi rg i n i a r ic h a s N e w Yo rk th e C ar o l i n a s a s ac ti v e ,

as M a s s ac h u s e tts T h e n by p e ac e ful purc h a s e th e A n gl o S ax o n

.
,
-

may acqu i r e th e r e s t o f thi s N o rth A m e r i ca n c o nti n e nt Th e .

S pa n i ard s w ill mak e n o th i n g o f i t N ay w e may h o n o rably go .

,

fur th e r s o u th a n d p o s s es s th e A tla nti c a n d Pac ific s l o p e s o f th e

,

N o r th e rn c o n ti n e n t e x te n d i n g th e ar e a o f fr e e d o m at e v e ry s te p
, .

W e may ca r ry th i th e r th e A n glo S ax o n v i g o r an d e nterpri s e the -

,

o l d l o v e o f l ib e r ty th e l o v e al s o o f law ; th e b es t i n s ti tu ti o n s o f
,

th e pr es e n t a ge e ccl e s i a s ti cal p o l i ti cal s o c i al d o m e s ti c

, , Then , , .

w h a t a n a ti o n w e s h all o n e d ay b e c o m e A m eri ca th e m o th e r o f ,

a t h o u s a n d A n gl o S ax o n S ta t es tr o p i cal a n d t e mp e ra te o n b o th
-
, ,

s i d e s o f t h e e q u a to r may b e h o ld th e Mi s s i s s ipp i a n d t h e A maz o n

,

u n i ti n g th e i r w a te r s th e d r a i n ag e o f t w o va s t c o nti n e n ts i n t h e
, ,

Me d i te r r a n e a n o f th e W e s t e r n W o r ld ; may c o u nt h e r c hi ldr e n a t
la s t by h u n d r e d s o f m ill i o n s — an d am o n g th e m all b e h o ld n o
,

tyra n t a n d n o s lav e Theo dor e Pa r ker Sp eec h a t N ew Yo r k .

,

May 12 , 1 85 4 .

Th e C auca s i a n d iffe r s fro m all

r rac e s ; h e i s h uma n e h e o th e ,

i s c i vi l i z e d a n d p r o g r e s s es
,
H e c o n q u e rs w i th hi s h e ad a s w e l l
.

a s w i th h i s h a n d It i s i n te ll e c t afte r all t h a t c o n qu e r s — n o t
.
, , ,

t h e s tr e n g th o f a ma n s ar m Th e Cauca s i a n h a s b e e n o fte n m a s
’
.

t e r o f t h e o th er r ac e s — n e v e r t h e i r s lav e ,
H e h as carri e d h i s .

r e l ig i o n to o th e r rac e s b u t n e v e r tak e n th e i r s
, In hi s to ry all r e .
2 36 F E E - E MIN E N CE OF TH E WH ITE R A CE S .

l m e nt If th e r e b e a n yth in g i n th e s upr e macy o f rac es th e

s e tt e .
,

e xp e r i m e n t n o w i n pro gr e s s w i ll d e v e l o p i t If th e r e b e an y.

t r u th i n th e i d e a th at th o s e w h o i s s u e d fr o m th e gr e a t C auca s i a n
fo u ntai n a n d s pr e ad o v e r Euro p e ar e to r e ac t o n I n d i a a n d o n
, ,

A s i a a n d to ac t o n th e w h o l e W e s t e r n w o rld i t may n o t b e fo r u s
, , ,

n o r o u r c h i ldr e n n o r o u r gra n dc hi ldr e n t o s e e i t b u t i t w i ll b e

, ,

fo r o u r d es c e n da n ts o f s o m e g e n e ra ti o n to s ee th e e x te n t o f th a t
pro gre s s an d d o m i ni o n o f th e fav o r e d rac es Fo r my s e lf I b e .
,

l i e v e th e r e i s n o l i m it fit to b e a s s i g n e d to i t by th e h uma n m i nd ,

b e cau s e I fin d at w o rk e v e ryw h e r e o n b o th s i d e s o f th e A tla nti c

, ,

u n d e r vari o u s fo rm s an d d e gre e s o f r e s tri c ti o n o n th e o n e h a n d ,

a n d u n d e r vari o u s d e g r e e s o f m o ti v e a n d s ti mulu s o n th e o th e r

h a n d i n th es e bra n c h es o f a c o mm o n rac e th e gr e a t pri n c ipl e o f

, ,

th e fr e e d o m o f h uma n th o ug h t a n d th e r e s p e c tab i l i ty o f i nd i vi du al
,

c h arac te r
”
. Webs ter s Wor ks Vol I I p age 2 1 4
’
, . .
, .
 A PP E N D I X I .

R A D ICA L ISM IN THE SO UTH

ITS BL A CK A N D BL I GH T I N G S WA Y .

W A N H EL PER
B Y H IN TO N RO ,

A ut hor o f Th e Im p e n d i n g C isis o f th e S o r u th . ”

A S H E VI LL E , N o rth Car o li na , N o vemb er 1 1 , 18 67 .

To the Edi tor s of the N a ti o n a l In telli gencer

In t h e acc o mpa n y i n g c o mm u n i ca t i o n , addr e s s e d To th e G o o d
Pe o pl e o f th e Old Fr e e S ta te s , i t i s n o t at all u nl ik e ly th a t I h av e
”

s a i d s o m e t hi n g s t o w h i c h b o th yo u a n d ma ny o f y o ur r e ad e r s may
t ak e e x c e p ti o n It h as n o t b e e n a ny part o f my p u r p o s e e ith e r to
.

p le a s e o r t o di spl e a s e a nyb o dy b u t s i mply to te ll th e tr uth an d to , ,

s ay, s o far a s I h av e g i v e n e xpr e s s i o n t o my v i e w s pr e c i s e l y w h a t ,

I th i nk If i n y o ur o p i n i o n , th e publ i cati o n o f th e ar ti cl e w o uld

.
,

pr o m o te , e v e n i n par t o n ly th e o bj e c t a t w h i c h I h av e a i m e d , ,

n am e ly th e i mpar ti n g t o t h e p u b li c m i n d o f t h e N o r th a m o r e
,

a c c u r a te a n d ad e qua te k n o w l e dg e o f th e a c tual a n d pro s p e c ti v e

c o n di ti o n o f thi ng s at th e S o uth u n d e r t he bla c k a n d bl igh ti n g ,

s way o f R ad ic al i s m , — yo u may i f yo u pl e a s e , p u bl i s h i t i n th e ,

c o l u m n s o f t he I n te l li g e n c e r D e e ply i mpr e s s e d w i th th e i mp o r
”
.

t a n c e , a t all t i m e s o f e ar n e s t a n d h o n e s t app e al s to m e n s r e a s o n ,
’
,

ra th e r th a n to th ei r pa s s i o n s o r th e ir pr ej ud ic e s I h av e p u r p o s e ly ,

d e lay e d w r i ti n g w h a t I h av e h e r e w r i tte n u ntil afte r th e par ti al

s u b s id e n c e o f t h e g e n e r al e xc i te m e n t a n d c o n fu s i o n w h i c h h av e
b u t s o r e c e n tlv a tt e n d e d t h e g r e a t e l e c ti o n s i n ma n y o f th e w hi te r
a n d (t h e r e fo r e b e tte r pa r ts o f o u r c o m m o n c o u n tr y
) .

H R . . H .

To th e G o od P eop le o f th e O ld F r ee S ta tes
Mo r e h t ny a s g
t an em y o f yo wi l l
e r a o l l ct I a Ca o l i i an m ad e a
o , as an u r ec e , , r n , .

s p e i l pp l t yo
c a a l i g h t d a d p t io ti j dg m t s i b h lf o f l g
ea o ur e n e ne n a r c u en n e a a ar e
m j o i ty o f t h w hi t p o pl o f t h S o t h
a r e e S t at s
e th
e n l h l d i g w hi t s
e u er n e , e no -
s av e o r e ,

wh w h th
o, th y k e w it er t w e g tly o pp ss d d i m p o v ish d by
ne o r no , e re re a re e an er e
th t t
e un or un at xi t mo g e e o f g o s d g o s l v y Th g
s ence a n us o s ne r e an ne r a er . e ener u
h i g w hi h y t h
e ar n c o d d t m i s p i s m e wi t h o fid
ou en ac c r th t y
e o e n re c n e n ce a o u a re
a g i p p d t l is t t o y p o t s t
a n re ar e o o m pl i nt o th s t t m t f o m m
en an r e , or c a , or er a e en r e,
th t h
a f i t b sis t t h a d j
as or s ti a Th s s ru m isi g I n s p tf lly q s t t h t
us ce . u ur n . re ec u re ue a

y ou w ill f vo m w i th y o
a r tt t io
e w h i l I xpl i ur w hi l Ia d vo t
en n e e a n, or e en ea r o
e xpl ai t h t th g at m ss o f t h p oo w hi t s h e e i w hos b h l f I h v
n, a e re a e r e r ,
n e e a a e
e s p i lly d p sis t n t ly w i tt n
ec a an er s t i ll n t h a ll d ; d t h t w i t hi t h l s t
e r e , ar e e r e an a ,
n e a
f w y
e s t h o d i tio o f t h i t h ald o m h b
ear , e c n n so gg v at d t h t i t is w
e r r as een a ra e , a no
i n co st nt p o
an ss o f b o m i g w o s d w o s w i t h t h f t h
r ce ec n d pp l l i g r e an r e, e ur er an a a n
da g n d R ad i l m is l o f b i g d d p ll l d n d p p e t l
er , u n er ca ru e , e n ren er e un ar a e e a en ua .

B fo e t ing di
r e e n er t ly i t o t his s bj t ho w v
r ec p m i t m t o i d lg i n a
n u ec ,
e er , er e n u e .

fe w ge n er al b ut p r ti n n t r efl e t io n s e A l tho g h c hi efl y f o t h e s ak e o f t h e w h i te s
e c . u r ,

2 37
 2 38 A PPE N D IX .

ye t i t w as o n f r t h e i s ak s th at I w a an d m n d al w ay s w i l l b e hos ti l e
n o t al e o r e s, a , a
t sl v y I b l i v d m y y s si I b l i v n w t h t t he is i s l v y ,
o a er . e a e e , an e ar n ce , s e e e o , a re n a er
1t lf
sc d mo
, an s p i lly i n g o s l v y m o l n d so i al g i l t o f l ss
re e ec a ne r a er , a ra a c u no e
re v o l ti g m g i t d t h n th p o l i ti l bl d s w hi h
n a n u e l so p a t o f i t b s
a e ca un er c a re a a r s a e
o ffs p i g I b l i v d t h
r n . d I b l i v d i g h t ly I t hi k t h t t h
e e e e n , aneg o s o gh t e e e r , n , a e n r e u
t b f
o e d d t h e s p d i ly o l o i z d so m w h
re e , an n b y o d t h p s t l im i ts o f
ee c n e e ere e n e re en
th U it d St t s
e n e I do t b li v a e d v d id b l i v th t th t w
. no s e e e , an ne er e e e, a e o r ace
t h w hi t
e n d t h e bl e a k w i d ly d i o i l ably d iff t t h y ac i th i e an r re c nc ere n as e ar e n e r
n t a ur e s o g h t v t i h ab i t t h s m o t y L i v i g i l os sso i tio n
, u e er o n e a e c un r . n n c e a c a
l i v i g t o g th e b th th s m oo f l i v i n g i j x tap osi tio n w i t hi n t h a k w l ,
n e r e n ea e a e r , n u e c no
e dg d l i m i ts o f y h m l t v i ll g t o w
e an i ty v w i thi t h b o nd i s
a e , a e, n, o r c , or e en n e u ar e
o f y f m pl t tio a t h y d i d l i v e d t h s y s te m o f s l v y a d t h y
an ar or an a n, s e un er e a er ,
n as e
s t i ll l i v d t h o d i t io o f f e d o m is
e un er e c I so l m ly b l i v (p t i l a ly
n n r e , , as e n e e e ar cu r as
i t ff t s t h w hi t e s )
a ec g oss sh am a sho k i g i d n y d gl i g i m
e , a r e, c n n ece c , an a ar n cr e.
I b l i v e t h a t t h w ho l
e e g o a is w k d w o t h l ss
e e ne ff t r d r ce a ea an r e r ace , a n e e e an
tim wo n e- w hi h l i k t h
r r ace ,I di is l o g fi t i f e v fit f a y
c , e e n an r ac e , no n er , er or n
s f l tr s t t
u e u u t y i n t his w o ld ; a d I b l i v
or e n an c f t h t h at i t is th w i l l f r n e e e, ur er , e o
H v n t h at al l t h s p o pl
ea e d m o t h s o f si m i l
e e olo e d h t e , an an y er ar c r an c ar ac e r ,
s ho ld u t o b p t i
a p osi tio n t b l t a l o e ; d t h t i f d ly o l o i z d
nce e u n o e e n an a , u c n e ,
p o p l y p o v i d d fo
r er d th n p
r d t ly nd s i t bly l t l o P o v i d
e r , an w i ll e ru en a u a e a ne, r e n ce
soo n t t h m ff oo t d b a n h a d t h s h pp i ly i d t h
cu e o , r t h o f t l as t t h
an r c , n u a r e e ar a e e
b l k o f th s p
u n t da di
e u ti l e o g
e r an is ms w hi h so p o p i tio s ly c m b r
ua e n nu r an c un r u en u e
i t i th n t po h
e cu r r e n e c .

Whi l e o f t h i v i tab l ff ts o f d i g a y m nn o f asso ci at io n o r

o ne e ne e e ec en ur n n a er
r l at io n b tw
e n th tw e s is t h p ti l l v t io o f t h bl k s t h o t h is
ee e o r a ce e ar a e e a n e ac , e er
o ly t h e t p osi ti v a d i m d i bl d g d tio o f t h w hi t s Th i fl
n oo e n rre e a e e ra a n e e . e n u e n ce
of th w hi t e n th bl k is l w y s f g oo d t t h bl k t t h xp s o f t h
e o e ac a a or o e ac a e e en e e
w hi t ; t h i fl e o f t h bl k
e n t h w hi t is
ue n c e l w ay s b d f t h w hi t ; de ac on e e a a or e e an
th ew hi t is g i e d i v i bly t h v i t i m
a a n, I a y t hi g
an d i n v y t hi g
ar a , e c . n n n an n e er n
wh i th w hi t p o pl o f t h S o t h
er e n e w o s th
e e t h p o pl e o f t h N o t h
e d e u ar e r e an e e e r , an
i wh t v
n m t l mo l
a e er m t i l i t
en a s t w o f th S o t h
, ra l ss a dv
, or d a er a n e re e e u ar e e a n ce
th anyo o f t h N o th t h d l i q
u e i s o t h d fi i i s th s m y b
r , e e n ue nc e r e e c enc e , as e ca e a e, are
alo t t i b t bl t t h p
ne a r fi tl
u a dp e i io s p o o f th g o s mo g
e ro es s a n ern c u r e s e nce e ne r e a n us .

I q n l i ty o f p o p l tio t h g t d i ff
ua c b tw n t h N o t h d t h S o t h
u a n, e re a e re n e e ee e r an e u
i s si m ply t his w hi l w h : s d w i t h t h bl k i m p s o f A f i y t h
e e e r e a re cu r e e ac r ca , ou e re
a re bl ss d w i t h t h w hi t g ii o f E o p t t I w o ld d o t o b i g t h S o t h
e e e e en ur e . a u r n e u
up t ho o bl
o an d v f i dly q l i ty w i t h t h N o t h ( d w h t m s t b
n ra e an e e r - r en e ua e r an a u e
d o n soo e l t ner o rt h o bj t t h s i m d t w i ll
a er, o r v b o m pl h d ) is t
e ec u a e a ne er e ac c is e , o
p p re th w y
ar e th e h d f t h g ss o f ll
a , on i m p s o f d k ss d
e o ne an , or e e re a o ur ar ne an
o f d th d ea th, o t h h d t o p w i d t h w y f t h e i g ss o f y o
an , on e er an , o en e e a or n re ur
s p b d t g ii f l i f d o f l i g h t I o t e d t h t h t i o d t i n s
u era un an en o c an . c n n , en, a ,
n r er o u re
th t e s f ty d s
r ue a e s o f t h S o th i o d t m i t i i p p t i ty t h
an u cc e s e u , n r er o a n a n, n er e u , e
i t g i ty f
n e r t io n l U io
o o ur n a d i o d t g t a i t pt d p n a dn , an n r er o u ar a n e e u n n e r r u e e ace n
p o p i t t h o gho t t h g t
r s er y r u d b tt p t o f t his v s t o t i t w m s t
u e re a e r an e er ar a c n ne n , e u ,

with l i ttl d l y p ossi bl o l o z t h

as e e a g o s i Me x i o
as l s wh e, c t ni e e ne r e n c , or e e e re o u
o f o ur o w o t y; n c l s t b t t m p o y m t ho d o f l i f f o m t h i b f l
un r o r , as a a u e rar e re e r e r a ne u
e x is t mo g
e n ce a w m st m o v t h m ll m h t h s m
n us , e w h v hi t h t o
u re e e a , uc e a e as e a e er
re mov d t in t ib s of I di
e ce r a s i t o o e m o o f t h S o t h b o d i g S t te s
r e n an , n n or re e u -
r er n a
o rT i to i s o f t h U i t d S t t s
err r e e n e a e .

Th e e nssi ty f th m o v l d o l o i z tio o f th g o s w
ce or e re pl i n to ma an c n a n e ne r e as a s a e
t n y
e s g a i t is t d y ; b t I fo s w t h
ear a o s d I o- w th t t h a o ld u re a e n . an see no ,
a ere c u
b e no g l o ff t l d m d is d f t h d is pl m t o f t h bl ck s n
en e r a n r e ec ua e an ra e or e ac e en e a o
th e o ne h d d f th fill i g p o f t h S o t h by w hi t p o pl f o m t h N o t h
an ,
an or e n u e u e e e r e r
an d f om E op r t h o th ur ti l ft e ons l v y t h g t s y d s t o g ho ld
e er , u n a er a er , e rea nur er an r n
o f n g o s sho ld fi s t b
e r e , b o l sh d E q lly d d I fo s t h e
u r e a d I p iv i e . ua l re ee n , an erce e
n w th t i
o , s tat o f f d o m d s lf d p d
a , n a e o o f t wo f t l d i l m m s
r ee an e -
e en e n ce , ne a a e a
w o ld u t i n ly b f ll t h
ce r a g o ; b t i th o f w hi h d i l mm s w a v l i k ly
e a e ne r u ne er c e a s e er e
t b f l l h i m so l o n g a h h d t h b
o e a fi t o f g i d s d p o t t o s i n th p so s
s e a e ene u e an r ec r e er n
o f f w fo t t w hi t m his m s t s w h ho w v
a e un r una e is w ll k o w
e en , a er , o, e er , as e n n,
g i d d d p ot t d h im
u e an r s y a d q s t io bl m tho d o f p o i g t h i
ec e as an e a n ue na e e r cu r n e r
o w b n d d b tt ; d this t t ho g h t l w y s w i lf lly t t h s o s i f
rea an u er an , oo, u no a a u ,
o e er i u ,

n ti o ep rr bl d t i m t o f t h g t m j o i t y o f t h i w w hi l f ll o w i t i z s
ar a e, e r en e r ea a r e r o n e e -
c en .

T m it w
o e pl i t h as d i t is pl i n a n w t h t i f th e g o in
e n , an o d i tio o f a no , a ne r , a c n n
p o l i ti l q l i ty i s l ft h
ca e ua h w i ll f o m t h f t d
, ed o m pl i t d e re , s s of e ,
r e a e an c ca e c au e
ne gl c t d hos t i l i ty
e an th p t o f t h w hi t s g d ally d i
on t a d d is ppe ; ar e e , ra u e ou n a e ar
b t t his
u t w i t ho t
no t i l i g n t h w hi t s u m l t i pl i i t y o f l o g l s t i g i j i s
en a n o e e a u c n -
a n n ur e
an d c l m i ti s m a a w hi l e I f o l o n i z d w h et h
e e an w i t hi n w i t ho t t h. U it d c e , er or u e n e
St es at d ft , an a f i b t fi n l am o
a er t o f dv i a rd ssis t p t
u ti ly p o n
a un a ce a n a a nc e , u en re u

h i s o wn r e s o ur ces as i n d ee d i t i s b u t r i g h t a n d p r o p er t h at h e sho ul d h a v e b e n
,
-
, ,
e
240 A PP EN D IX .

h ar d sh i p s d t h e m n o w b y t hos e w an to n a n d r eckl e s s d e m ag o g u e s wh o c o n
, d e ni e
s t i tu t e u su a t o y a n d t y a n i c a l m aj o i t y o f t h
a r rp e s e t C o n g ss r n r e r n re
L e t m e x p ai n : A s is w e ll k o w n w h l e s l v y e x is t d i n t h S o u th t h e
.

e n , i a er e e re
w a s n o r e s p e c ta b i l i t y f l a b o E v y so t o f c t a l w o k w i t h t h e h n d s w h t h r
O r . er r a u r a e e
u p o n o n e s o w n a cc o u n t o i t h e w a y o f h e lp a ssis t a n ce t o O t h s wa lw ys
,
’
r n or er s a a
,
l oo k e d u p o n a s m e n i a l a n d d e g ad i n g N g o e s a s s l a v e s a n d a s e v a n ts w e r . e r , s r er
e m pl o y e d e v r y w h e e n o t o n l y u t o f d oo s b u t a l so w i thi n d oo s
,

e r I nd e n t o r

“
, , r ce
d is g ac e fu l an d c i m i n a l a i t w a i n r a l i ty t his u n i v e s a l c s to m o f
.
,
r , r l e o s s e , r ru r u
h av i g e g o e s a o u d
n n n ” w s
a b o t h fa shio n abl e a nd a is to c ati c Th
r r we e r r . ere r
n e v r a n y v a c a n c i e s o r si tu a tio n s f o p oo r w hi te p o pl e ; a n d ye t t h e n u m b e
e of r e r
t h e s e i n t h e S o u t h g e n e ally w a s a l w a y s m c h g a t
, t h an t h e n m b ro f th n , u re er u er e o
o s J u s t l oo k a t i t ! J u s t t h n k O f i t l T h m a ss o f t h e w hi te p o p u l a t io n f t h e
r e . i e O
t h a b so l u t e ly d b a d f o m t h e p e c u n i a y p o fi ts a n d o t h a dv a n tag e s o f e m
‘

O a e rre r r r er
lo ym e n t a n d fo ce d i n t o th e d is t a n t p u l i e s o f p o v e t y a n d i g n o a n c e I T h e b a s e
,
r r u r r
o n r n d i n c ap a bl e bl c k s by t h e f o
a e of a v ul g p u bl i c O p i io n pl ace d a b o v e t h e
a , rc ar n ,

m e i t o io s w hi te s ! Y t i t w a s n t a t a l l b e ca s e o f a n y i n h
r r u t p o we
e g oo d o . u eren r or

q l i ty i n t h n e g o e s t h a t t h e p oo w hi te s w e t h u s c o w d e d a w a y f o m t h e
ua e r r er r r
m n y d e si a bl e e m p lo vm e ts a d pl ac e s t o w hi h t h e y a l o n e sho ld h a v e b e n
a r n n c u e
h e ti ly w e l c o m d Th e f au l t o f t h e t hi ng u p t t h e c l os o f t h e w a r i s t ac abl e
ar e .
, o e , r e
di t ly t o t h e s l a v e ho ld
re c s t h e m e lv e s w h i n t h e sho t si g h te d a n d vi cio u s p o l er s
, o, r -

i c y w hi c h t h y p u s u e d m a d e v e y o t h e i n t e e s t i n t h e c o u n t y b o t h g e a t a d
e r , e r r r r , r n
s m all s u b o d i n a t e a n d s u b s e vi n t t o t h e n e g o e s a n d n g o s l a v e y
,
r S i n ce t h e r e r e r r .

w a t h e bl a m i n a g oss l y a gg a v a t d a n d u n e xp ec t d fo m r e s t s e x c l u si v ly
r, e, r r e e r , e
w i th t h R ad i c a l p a ty e T h s l v e ho ld s a e n o w b i nn i n g t o s e e a n d l a m n t
r . e a er r e e
t h e fo lly d bl i d ss an d b i g o t y f t h e i u n s e m l y v ti o n t o t h e w o th l s
an n ne r O r e e o r es
n gro e s F
e th s ake f th. o t y l t u si n c e ly ho p e a n d p ay th a t t h e R d i c l s
or e O e c un r , e s er r a a
m y soo n g i v
a v i d e o f si m i l a p e e p t io a d l so o f t ru e so o w fo r t h i r v e y
e e e nc r rc n, n a rr e r
n m e o s v e y bl c k a n d v
u r u , y g i v o u s p o l i ti c al si n s N e v r d i d l i a h m i n M
r a , er r e . e r s, a
h n n e d n s o C h is t i a n s s a c i fi ce t h i
o u a , o u t y th i p o p e ty t h e i r f i e d s t h i r
r r . r e r c n r , e r r r ,
r n , e
f m i ly r t h m s lv e s w i t h m o e fi d l i ty t o t h i G o d t h a n t h s l av ho ld e s h r e
a ,
o e e . r e e r , e e r e
h a v e s a i fi ce d v e y thi g w hi c h t h e y h ld d e a r o n a t h i n o d t p e s e r v a l i v e
cr e r n e e r ,
r er o r e
a n d u s c th d t h e n g o — t h e v
n a y bl c k s t a n d b as t w tc h t h a t v e l i v e d
e e r ,
er a e es re e r .

W a s s h bl a k a n d a b o m i n a bl e i d o l v so b so tt e dly w o r shi pp e d b e fo 3 T h e m
uc c e er e re
s e lv e s t h e i so s t h e i n e a a d d i ta n t lat
,
r n , t h i n e i g h b o s a d t h ei r c o n
r r n s re n es, e r r ,
n u
t ym e n a ll o f t h e i o w n k i t h a n d k i n a n d c o l o
r . t h e s l a v e ho ld
r s c h f lly g v e r, er ee r u a
t o t h e b ttl a n d t o d e a t h ; b t t h e n g o t h m e a e s t a d m os t d e g a d e d o f m a n
a e u e r , e n n r
k i n d v s k e p t a li v a n d is s ti ll am o n g u a n u is n c e l e p r an d a pl agu
a e, s , a , a e , e .

T m e a n d s p ce b o t h fa i l h o f s i ta bl O pp o tu n i ty fo e te i n g i t o all th e
,

i a e re a u e r r n r n
s ad a n d sho c k i g m i n ti o f t h ue lly u j t p os c i p tio n o f t h S o u th e n p oo r
n u a
e e cr n us r r e r

w hi t s w h e by t h c o m m o n x i g ci s o f t h i n a t
,
o, e a nd a the me o u ts k i t e en e e r u re , s re r
t e n an t s O f t h e i c h l d d p o p i to s w e c o m p ll e d t s k s u h a n i n i d nt l
r an e r r e r ,
er e o ee c c e a
and ce tai n l i v l ihoo d
un r t h e y c o ld p o c r e by h n ti g a n d fi shi n g a n d b s c h
e as u r u u n , u
o asio n al j o b s h a nd t h
cc a t h e y c o ld b g t o
, er e o ft n o nly a a so t 0 s p e c e re , s u e , o e s r

i al fa v o f o m o e o m o r rf t h e i w e al thi a n d b e tt e r h ea r te d n i g h b o s
n r re o Ev n r er -
e r . e
a s l i g h t k o w l e dg f t h e f c t s ho w v
n a n d u p o n t h e s e fa t s a l i ttl
e O s ag a io sa , e er, c e c u
refl tio ec w i ll bl e yo t p
n i v e a t o n t h e n u m o u s o p p o tu i t i s b o t h f r
e na u o e r ce ce er r n e ,
o

e d c tio n a n d f o r p h y si
u a l c o m fo t s w hi c h w e a a m a tt o f c o u s gl e n t o
ca r , re , s er r e, i
t h n g o s b u t w hi h a t t h s m e t i m
e e r e , a nd e q lly a s a m tt O f o s e w e
c , e a e, ua a er c ur ,
er

w i thh e ld f o m t h e w hi t s F r n e a lv t w o h u d d a d fifty y e a s t h e n g o e s
e . or r n re n r . e r

h ere ,a w a i t r s i n ho t l s a n d i n t h
s fa m i l i e s o f t h e m os t l n e d a n d fi e d s
e e , e ear re n , a
b a b e s a d a s b o d y s e v an t s t o p o f ssio n al m e pl a s u e s e e k e s a n d o th e s
r r n -
r r e n, e r -
r r ,

h v e h ad t h e c o s t a n t b e u h t o f h e a i n g t h e i n t ll i g n t c o n v e s t io n o f t h e i m s
a n c r e e r a r a

t s er d m is t e ss e s
an nd a l so O f l is t n i g t r th i n t e e s ti n g a n d i n s t cti v s to i e s
,
a e n o e r ru e r
O f w ll i n fo m e d v isi t o s a n d c os m o p o l i ta n s t n g e r s
e -
r R t ai ne d i n g e a t n u m b e s
r ra . e r r

i n th i ti e s a n d t o w n s (j us t w h e n t n o f t h m o u g h t e v e t o h v b e n an d
e c re o o e e r a e e ,

j us t w h e e n t o n e O f t h
r m O g h t v e to b ) t h e y al w ay s h ad f e e a n d u n d is p u t d
o . e u e r e , r e

a d m issio n t o t h p u bl i c m ti g s i t h e c o t ho u s s a d i n t h e t o w n h a ll s d
e ee n n ur e n an
-
,

a l so t t h e e l i g io u s m e e ti n g s h ld i n t h c h u c h s n d e l s e w h
o r e A s a c l a ss t h y e e r e a er .
,
e

al o n O f a ll t h
e, p oo p o pl i n t h e S o th h ad a c ss a t a ll t i m s i n t h e fa m i l i s
e r e e u , c e ,
e ,
e

o f th i c h a d r fi n d to b oo k s m ag a z i e s a n d n w s p p s O n th e o th e h nd
e r n e e , ,
n ,
e a er . r a ,

t h e p oo w hi t s t e a t d a o u t ca s t s m
r e ly b cau s e t h y d i d n o t o w n s l a v e s e n
,
r e s , e re e e ,

j v d on
o e f t h e o p t n i t i e w hi c h w th u s so e a si ly w i t hi n t h
n e O . i or u a ch o f th e s ere e re

n g o se w h th e
r e , th e l a g e m e n t a n d c u l ti v a t io n o f t h
e r or m i nd efo t h e n r e , or r

h a l t h n d c o m fo t o f t h e b o d y :
e a n d w h a t is o s e —ay w h at i n d e e d i s v e y
r a , r , , , ,
r

m ch w o s u —t h c o n d i tio n o f t hi g s i n t his e s p t is s ti ll u n c h a n g e d
r e, c H o d es n r ec . r

t n g y shi ftl e ss a n d w o t h l ss bl ac k s w h o r e ly i n g as o f O l d o n t h e i
u r , ,
i mp o r e , , , , r r

t n a te a n d e sis tl e ss a t O f b gg i n g t o s u pply t h m
a r lv s a m o g o th e t hi g s
r e , e se e ,
n r n ,

w i t h al l t h e t h adb a e a n d b d fi t ti ng g a m n t s f t h i w hi te s up io s
re r e a -
r e O e r er r . ar

e v er yw h er e O ffer i n g t h e i r s e r v i c e s f o r t h e m er t n o m i n a l w a g e s ; a n d th e o l d m a es s
 A PP EN D IX . 24 1

t e r s and e m p l o y e r s accu s to m e d o n ly to s ch wr e tc he d an d b b ,
s ssis tanc e u ar ar o u a
can b e t fr o m n e gr o s lav es and n e gr o se rvan ts ar e t u nd e r the s p e ll o f
s abl e w ite i and s abl e w i zard and w i th rar e e x ec tio n s yav e a s y et l e arn e d l it
as o , e

,
r
, ,
t l e o r n othi ng o f eithe r th e advan t ag e o r the du t y t d e c e ncy o r the p t b i l , ie re s ec a
it y o f e mpl o y i ng d h vi ab o u t the m n o n e bu t w hite p e r so n s i this way t h
an a n rr . n e
n e gr o a
,
t o f d etestabl e c h arac te r and c o l o r c o n ti nu es to b e ban e fully i
es e re r , h

t erp d
o se tw
,
the t w o gr e a t w hite e l e m e n ts the S o u th w he r e l i k e a s lug
e ee n 1 11 , ,

i sh y t m e and e r i ng w oo dw o rm he is
e l l the w hi l e gn w i ng d ee p e r d d ee p a a an er
g , ,

i n to the v it al s o f fir st o n e si d e and the n the othe r O f t h t w o cla sses o f w hites . e

w ho th u s i nc ess an t ly pr e y e d up o n and d es p oi l e d by th black s the p oo r e r
are e ,

w hites ar e i nv r i ably th e gr e a te r v i c ti m s ; fo r
a a i n st these ar e arr y e d the l w ag a o
p r ej ud i c e and the hosti l e i nflu e nc es o f n ot o nly l l the n e gr oes bu t (sh a me ful d a , an
sho ck i ng to r e la te ) o f man o f the w e al thie r w hites al so T his is w h a t c o m es o f
th a t u nn a t ural and e x e crabl e b o nd o f s ympath y and se lfi sh n ess w hi c h h so l o ng
.

as
e x is te d and w hi c h sti l l e x ists b et w ee n the n e gr o o wn e s o r those w ho w e r e b t
, ,
r , u
l a te ly so an d the n e gr oes the m se lv es ; and n o w to this d o ubl e d d ist r essi ng p , an o
aga i n st w h i c h the o w hites o f the S o u th h av e fo r so l o ng a ti m e b r e ly
,
os i ti on, c r a
ee n abl e to o ffe r e v e n a fee 1c r esist nc e i s add e d thi rd p o w e r f m o r e crafty a , a , ar ,

a d far m o r e p o te n t fo r m is c hie f th a
n eithe r o f the othe r s This thi rd p o w e r n .

w hethe r i t see m s t b e so o r n ot o r w hethe r i t wa s i n te nd e d t b e so o r n ot i t i s

o ,
o ,

so n e v e r the l ess this th ird p o w e r in all i anc e w ith the n e gr oes and t h e x s lav e
, , e -

h o ld e r s to u tte rly cru sh o u t and ru i n fo r e v e r the p oo r w hites o f t h S o u th is th e

, e ,

W ho l e R adical par t y bu t m o r e es p e c i ally th a t v e ry un s crup l o u s and d e p e ra te

,
u s

mb o d i m e n t f i t n w j tl y d es cr i b e d and d eteste d a s the rum C o ngr ess U mus

'

the wr o ngfully d is crim i na ti ng n e gr o fav o r i ng e n ac tm e n ts pthis

e o o .

d er ti t ,
-
0 u nco ns u
ti o na l and unpr i nc i pl e d C o ngr ess n ot o nly ar e w hite e m i gran ts fr o m the N o r t h ,
and fr o m Eur o pe n o w c om i ng h ithe r i n l ess nu m b e r s th an the y cam e u nd e r the o ld
c o nd itio n o f th n s b u t many o f the w hites w ho e al r e ady he r e ar e e v e ry day b
i , ar e
c o ming m o r e an m o r e anx io u s to aband o thei r h m and e m i gra te to d ist an t n o es
and fo r ei g n land s ra the r th a r e m a i n the v i c ti m s o f th a t te rr i b l e th rald o m o f
, n
n e gr o s upr e macy w hi c h a m ost m e an and mal i gnan t a sse mblag e o f he ar t l ess R d
, a
i l ar e
ca s w fa ste n i ng p o n the m
no u .

A lm ost e v e ry d y fo r se v e ra l m o n ths pa s t —e v e r s inc e I la s t r e turn e d to t h e

a , ,

S t a te h av e I see n w ho l e fam i l ies d o m eti m es t w o o r th r ee to g ethe r l vi

th e d i r e c tio n o f I ll i n ois so m e t rav e ll i ng t w g
, ,
an s ,
ea n
N o r th C ar o l i na so m e g oi ng i , n , o ar
I nd i ana and othe r s o f the m o r e abl e and v e n t ur eso m e so r t b o und fo r B raz i l d
, , , an
e l se w he r e far b e y o nd the t m ost l i m its o f thei r o wn n a ti v e soi l W hi l e th u s
, u .
,

u nd e r the O ppr essi v e and t yrann i cal O p e ra tio n s o f R ad i cal m i l it ary d es p otis m s o ur ,
o wn na ti v e w hite p eo pl e ar e r o bb e d o f thei r n a t ura l fr ee d o m and fo rc e d to fl ee to ,

fo r ei gn land s Eur o p e an e m i gran ts and e m i gran ts fr o m t h N o r t h ar e r est ra i n e d e

alm ost e n ti r e ly fr o m c o m i ng to the S o u th ! A d th u s s w i ft ly and i n fam o u s l y ar e n
the narr o w m i nd e d and r e v e ng e ful R ad i cal s c o nv e r ti ng ll the S t a tes o f th e S o u t h
-
a
in to o n e va s t H ay ti o r J ama i ca o r Me x i c o dr i v i ng fr o m the c o un t ry the w hite
, , ,
p eo pl e w ho ar e w h th h o r e l se w he r e the o nl y w o r th y a d s av i ng e l e m e n ts
, , e er ere , n
o f p o pula tio n and s urr e nd e r i ng i t c o mpl ete ly to the p o llu tio n d e va st a tio n nd
, , , a
r u i n o f s tup i d and b e a s t l i k e ho rd es o f black b arbar i an s -
.

O f the e x t r e m e v ty and d ist r ess o f many o f the p oo r w hi t es w h o ar e n o w

o er
e m i grati n fr o m t S t a te and o f a sti ll l arg e r numb e r w ho ra the r th an s ubm i t
g
ie , ,

t o the fur t i e r d ng e r and d is grac e o f l t d i l a e and n e gr o R ad i c l d o m i na tio n a ca -

ne r -
a ,

a re anx io u s to l e av e b t ar e d estit u te e v e n o f t e s can t y m e an s n e c ess ary to t ak e

, u
the m away I h av e s carc e ly the he ar t to s p e ak To e n te r ad e q ua te ly i n to d et a i l s
, .

o r par ti cular s u p o n this s ubj e c t i n a m e r e n e w s pap e r ar ti cl e is q u ite o u t o f the ,

q u estio n and so I wi ll o nly r e mark he r e i n a g e n e ral way b t w ith all the e mp h a sis
, , , u
o f e arn est n ess and t ru th th a t I d o n ot b e l ie v e any p eo pl e i any pa r t o f A m e r i ca
, n
w e r e e v e r s ubj e c te d to s uc h unju st and o ppr essi v e st rai ts s uc h m ise rabl e an d ,

wr et c he d shi fts a s th e p oo r e r cla sses o f the w hite p eo pl e o f N o r th C ar o l i n and o f

, a,
th S o u th g e n e rally ar e n o w h av i ng to st ruggl e aga i n st ; and all this ma i nly i c o n
e , n
se q u e nc e o f the blund e ring and unc o n stit u tio nal e nac t m e n ts the u n st a tes manl i k e ,
a d i nfam o u s l e g is la tio n o f th a t o l i garc h y o f se c tio nal d e mag o gu es kn o wn a s the
n
rum p C o ngr ess .

W i thi the la s t fe w w ee k s es p e c i ally many w hite fam i l ies h av e I see n l e av i ng

n ,

t h S t a te a ll o n foot
e d bar e foote d a t th a t appar e n t ly ossesse d o f n o cl othi ng
an
,
p , , ,
e xc e p t the t w o r t h r ee soi l e d and t a tte r e d garm e n ts W t i t he y w e r e w e ar i ng a t
o l
t h ti m e an d c a rrying i
e , a s mall b ndl e n thei r back s e v e ry ar ti cl e o f pr o p e r t y
n u o ,
o f W h a te v e r n a t ur e o r k i nd o f w hi c h the y c o uld clai m the o wn e r shi p O fam , . ne
ily o f ei g h t p e r so n s w ho m I m et o n the r o ad par ti cul rly a tt rac te d my atte n tio n ;
, , a
and my he ar t fr o m an i nv o lun t ary fee l i ng o f c o mm ise ra tio n alm ost bl e d w he n
, ,
I b e cam e a w it n ess o f thei r d i r e d es tit u tio n and wr et c he dn ess This fam i ly w . as
co m p ose d o f the fa the r m o t he r grand m o t he r a n d fi ve c hi ldr e n the e ld es t c hi l d
, , , ,

21
24 2 A PPE N D I X .

b e ing n ot m o r e t h an t w elve y ear s o f ag e E xc e pt th e y o u n g es t ch il d wh ich w as .

i n its m othe r s arm s all w e r e t rav e ll i ng o n foot and ll w e r e bar e foote d w ith t h
’
, , a
,

e
sin gl e e x e c tio n o f the fathe r w ho h ad o n v e ry o ld and rud e ly pa t c he d br o gan s ,
,

A si ngl e o u e r dr ess f the c o mm o n est and c he ap est st u ff and th a t muc h w o rn

.

, O ,
and by n o m e an s l wi th a d i ngy l oo k i ng s un b o nn et app e ar e d to b e the o nl y
c ea n , - -
,
,

ar ti cl e o f cl othi ng o f w hi c h any o n e o f th e fe mal es wa s p ossesse d Th he ad o f . e

the fam i ly h ad n o c o a t ; an d a s fo r the b o y s unc o mb e d ragg e d and ign o ran t the y , , ,

h ad i nd ee d i n a t ruly se r io u s and m e lanc ho ly se n se alm ost l ite rally n othi ng to

, , ,
,

w e ar C o ar se st ra w h a ts c o mm o n shi r ts and v e ry c o mm o n pan t al oo n s l l

.
”
, , a
badly w o rn w e r e the o nly thi ng s the y h ad a s shie ld s fr o m the w e athe r ; and these
,
,

sh abby v es t m e n ts see m e d to c o n stit u te the m tot al f thei r p e r so nal e ff e c ts I su O n

m ll c otto n cl oth wall et w hi c h wa s s w ng acr oss the sho uld e r s o f th e fa the r
.

a s a -
, u
and w hi c h h e e v i d e n t ly carr ie d w itho u t its cau si ng hi m any par ti cular burd e n o r ,

i nc o nv e n ie nc e w e r e d e p osite d the o nly m o vabl es the o nly g oo d s an d c h atte l s

, ,
th e on i ho u seho ld g o d s o f this p oo r th i s u n e duca te d thi s p o l iti cally ppr esse d , , O
and u t t fami ly N
o r una e i s this an e xagg e ra te d p i c t ur e W e r e it b t a so l i . or . u
t ary ca se o r b t o n e o f fe w t h , c o nd itio n o f thin g s w o uld n ot b e so bad ; bu t
u ,
e
s ad to r e fl e c t i t i s o nl y o n e o f many and the numb e r i s incr e a si ng W h ethe r
, , .
,

fl eei ng fr o m ppr essio n (this ti m e n ot s o muc h th e o ppr ess i o n by e x s lav eho ld e r s

O -

as th e ppr essio n by R ad i cal s and n e gr oes ) o r w hethe r r e ma i n i ng a t ho m e u nd e r

O ,
,

the gall i ng y o k e o f t yranny the w ho l e S o u t h i s w full f j t s uc h v i c ti m s a s , ne o us

the fam i ly j st m e n tio n e d A d these v i c ti m s fo r th e m ost par t a s p oo r a s p oo r
u . n , ,

can b e and a s i gn o ran t an d m ise rabl e a s p ossi bl e ar e pr i nc i pally o f the fo rm e r

, ,

cla ss o f p oo r w hites fo r the u tte r cru shi n g o u t and d est ruc tio n o f w ho m the r e is
,

no w i n fo rc e a m ost fo ul and fo rm i dabl e t r i pl e a l l i anc e o f R ad i cal s e x s lav e ,

-

h o ld e r s an d n e gr oes ; bu t a s alr e ady i n ti ma te d th l e a st h arm th a t i s fe l t fr o m

, , ,
e
this all i anc e c o m es fr o m the e x s lav eho ld e r s w ho fo r the fir st ti m e i n thei r l i v es -
, ,

ar e o nl y n o w b e g i n i ng to acc e p t in prac ti c e the c o rr e c t n ess f thei r anc ie n t and

n O
,

all th wh il e pr e ac hi ng th a t w hite p eo pl e ar e b ette r th an n e gr oes I n b h lf o f

-
e- ,
. e a
these l on g and so r e ly ppr esse d p oo r w hites and fo r the m e an s n ot m e r e ly t O , o
e nabl e the m to w ithst and bu t e v e n tually to o v e rc o m e th e th r ee fo ld an d i n i q u ito u s , ,

O pp ositio n th u s rray e d aga i n st the m I he r e and n o w w ith ll du e d e fe r e nc e d

a , , , a an
r es p e c t app e al to G ,d and to th e g oo d p eo pl e o f the N o r th o .

S carc e ly anyw he r e can o n e t rav e l i n t h S o u th at th e p r ese n t t im e w itho u t e , ,

m eeti ng o n e v e ry h and es p e cially am o ng t h p oo r w hites — and the r e ar e f w

, , e , e
n w w ho ar e n ot p o r
o num e r o u s ca ses o f t l wan t si ckn ess s u ffe r i ng an d
o ,
-
ac u a , , ,

d es pa i r ; and w e r e it n ot th a t I fe ar to t x t se v e r e ly y o ur t i I sho uld a oo a e n ce ,

fee l it my du t y to gi v e a so m e w h a t full an d m i nu te acc o un t se v e ral o f the m 0 .

A s i t is ho w e v e r I w i l l o nly adv e rt to t w o o r th r ee ca ses i n add itio n to the o n e

.
, ,
alr e ady m e n tio n e d I n Mar io n the c o un t y se a t o f M D w l l c o un ty i n this S t a te
.
, c o e , ,
adj oi n i ng the c o un t y i n w h i c h I am n o w wr iti ng and w he r e I n o w r esi d e it w , , as
a s c e r t a i n e d a sho r t w hi l e si nc e th a t unl ess the pr essi ng n e c essities f a larg e O
n umb e r o f the p oo r w hite p eo pl e c o uld soo n b e r e l ie v e d the r e wa s gr e a t dang e r ,

th a t many o f the m dur i ng the e n s u i ng w i n te r w o uld s u ffe r i n te n se ly if n ot d ie

, , ,

o u t ri g ht f c o ld and h ung e r I n thei r b eh alf an app e al wa s m ad e to a f w

, O .
, e
w e al th y g e n t l e m e n f Bal ti m o r e w ho n o b ly r es p o nd e d in th e fo rm o f a l i b e al
o , r
c o n t r i bu tio n o f m o n e y Th e r e w e r e and ar e i n th a t c o un ty a s i nd ee d i n e v e ry.
, , ,

o the r c o un t y d ist r i c t and par ish th r o ug ho u t the S o u th a gr e a t m any p oo r wid o w s

, . ,

and o rp h an s w hose h u s band s an d fa the r s w e r e c o n s cr i p te d an d k i ll e d dur i ng the

.

l a te war and w ho n o w w ith o u t land s w itho u t ho u ses

,
e xc e p t he r e and the r e a
, , ,

d il ap i da te d l o g cab i n — and w itho u t e mpl o ym e n t ar e i n a mann e r nak e d

-
, , , re
so urc e l e s d st arv e ds I n vi e w o f the wr et c he dly i ll clad c o nd itio n o f thes e
, an .
-

p oo r wid o w s and o rp h an s it wa s tho ug ht b est to s p e nd the m o n e y w hi c h a s , , ,

a lr e a d y e xplai n e d h ad b ee n g e n e r o u s ly c o n t r i bu te d i B al tim o r e fo r c ot to n
, n ,

t h r e ad s uc h a s i u se d fo r t h w e av i ng f la i n cl oth and to d ist r i bu te a bunc h o f

,
s e O ,
th a t so far a s i t w o ul d g o to e ac h fa t he r ess fam i ly M A lf r e d E rwi n a k i nd
, , . r .
,

h e ar te d an d v e ry esti m bl e c i ti z e n f th a t c o un t y a lawy e r by pr o fessio n wa s p a O , , a

oi n te d to m k e t h d ist r i bu tio n A soo n a s it b e cam e kn o wn th a t M E rw i
a e . s r . n
ad r e c ei v e d this th r e ad to b e gi v e n away a t his d is cr etio n to th e p e r so n s i nd i .

ca et d his o ffic e wa s l i te rally b esie g e d un ti l v e ry soo n the r e wa s n ot a si ngl e b nc h

, , u
l e ft an d the n it wa s t rul y to uc hi ng to w it ess the pr o fo und d is app o i n t m e n t and
,
n
gr ie f am o un ti ng alm ost to d es pa i r o f th e num e r o u s car e w o rn and i nd i g e n t
, ,

m othe r s w ho w e r e sti ll unpr o vi d e d fo r so m e o f w ho m h ad c o m e t w e lv e o r fiftee n ,

m i l es o v e r the r o ug h m o un t a i n r o ad s o n foot bar e foote d and w ith s carc e ly , , ,

cl othes e n o ug h up o n the m se lv es to co v e r i n the u s u al way t hei r o wn p e r so n s , , .

T h si g ht I s ay t h
e si g ht o f these v e ry p oo r w i d o w e d m othe r s h av i ng to r et urn
, , e
h o m e e mp t y h and e d bu t he avy he ar te d a s I my se lf s aw m any o f the m r et urn i ng
-
,
-
, ,

to r i ck et c o ld c o mf o r t l ess l o g cab i n s i n a m ann e r d estitu te n ot o nly o f f i

y , , , ur n
t ur e and b e dd i ng b t al so f alm os t e v e ry o t he r t hi g e xc e p t a t r oo p f h al f
, u O n , O
24 4 A PP E N D I X .

a ckn o wl e d g e t h a t e v e ry s an e p e r so n w ho fam i l i ar i z es h im se lf wi th th e c o n t e n ts
O f N oj o q u e mu st by the i rr esisti bl e fo rc e o f the fac ts and l o g i cal infe r e nc es
,
the r ei n r e c o rd e d l e arn to l o v e w hite p eo pl e a s so i nfin ite ly the s up e r io r s f n eg o e s
, o r
a s to burn w ith a d ee p and un q u e nc h abl e d esi r e to s av e the f o rm e r fr o m any an d
a l l mann e r o f c o n t am i na tio n by the l a tte r ; and the r e fo r e to d e mand w it h u n , , ,

aba ti ng e n e rgy and firmn ess a s a ffe c ti ng the t w o rac es an ab so lu te tot al an d, , ,

ete rna l se para tio n .
,

B e cau s e o f its gr oss e xc esses its sho r t c o m i ng s and its c o rrup tio n s th e fir st , , ,

and m ost i mp o r t an t thi ng n e c ess ary t o b e d o n e i o rd e r to r e m e dy e x isti ng e v il s ,

n
,
is to u tte rly br e ak d o wn and d est r o y th e w ho l e R ad i cal par t y a par t y w hi c h i n its , ,
m o n st o u s a ffi l i a tio n wi th n e gr oes is br i ng i ng u tte r abj e c t n ess and ru i n up o n t
r , a
l e a st te n S ta tes O f the U n io n and d is grac i ng and cr i ppl i ng all the othe r s H e r e
, .
,
in th e S o u the rn S t a tes the R ad i cal i nflu e nc e w hi c h is j u st a s black and bad a s it
, ,
can b e c o upl e d n ot i n n am e bu t i n r e al it y w ith th e o ld s lav eho ld i ng i nflu e nc e
, , , , ,
k ee p s the n e gr o u nna t urally and d isse n tio u s l y i n te rlard e d b et w ee n the t w o gr e a t
w hite e l e m e n ts O f the S o u th th u s pr e v e n ti ng he r e am o ng the ei g ht m i ll io n s o f
, ,

p eo pl e w ho al o n e ar e g oo d fo r any thi ng th a t un it y o f se n ti m e n t and purp o s e an d , ,

th a t h arm o ny O f plan and actio n wi tho u t w hi c h it i s i mp ossi bl e fo r u s e v e r to ,

a tt a i n any thi ng l i k e p e rman e n t p e ac e pr os p e r it y o r gr e a t n ess I nd ee d und e r , , .

,

the ac t ua l m i l it ary d es p otis m s w hi c h an unr e publ i can and mal i gnan t R ad i cal
C o ngr e s h av e foiste d u p o n u s and und e r the a t r o c io u s R ad i cal th r e a ts O f n u
s ,
l i m ite d c o n fis ca tio n and p e rp et ual d is franc hise m e n t l e ad i ng u s to fe ar th a t a sti ll ,

m o r e o ppr essi v e and gall i ng yo k e is h e ld i n r ese rv e fo r u s the r e is alr e ady a n ,

alm ost tot al s u s p e n s i o n o f all publ i c and pr i va te w o rk s ; m e n h av e n o he ar t to d o
any thi ng t hei r ho p es and thei r e n e rgie s h av e b ee n cru she d ; thei r dw e ll i ng s
, ,

thei r o u t ho u ses and thei r fe nc es a e i n m ost ca ses i n a st a te t d i lap i da tio n ;

-
, r , , o
thei r i n s titu tio n s o f l e arn i ng thei r c h urc hes and thei r publ i c bu i ld i ng s o f all
, ,
k i nd s s uc h a s w e r e n ot ac t ually burn e d to a shes dur i ng t h e war h av i ng b ee n ,
r e a t ly m is u se d and abu se d — a g oi ng to d e cay ; and i n many plac es w he r e a t re
g
,
e a st o rd i nary i n st ruc to r s a n d s c hoo l s ar e st i ll to b e fo und th e c h i ldr e n i f n ot O f , ,

n e c essit y r e q u i r e d to r e ma i n a t ho m e and w o rk ar e too fr e q u e n t ly so d estit u te ,

O f cl othi ng th a t thei r par e n ts ar e a sh am e d to l et t he m g o b e y o nd the narr o w

l i m its o f thei r o wn m o urnfully fo r e b o d i ng and gl oo my o b se rvatio n M any o f the .

u b li c r o ad s and br i dg es and n ot a fe w o f the fo rd s and fe rry b o a ts h av e b ee n so

,
-
,
o ng o t O f r e pa i r th a t the y h av e b e c o m e ab so lu te ly dang e r o u s ; and u nl ess i n the
u , ,
g oo d Pr o v i d e nc e O f G o d the d eso la ti ng and d est ruc ti v e rul e f R ad i cal is m ca n
, O
soo n b e c h e ck e d and av e r te d those w ho t rav e l he r e e x te n si v e ly w hethe r by , ,

s te am p o w e r o r by ho r se p o w e r w i ll d o so a t the i mm i n e n t p e r i l o f thei r l i v es
- -
, .

E s p e c i ally am o ng the n e gr oes he r e cr i m e and lawl ess n ess o f e v e ry so r t ar e n o w

far m o r e r i fe th an e v e r b e fo r e ; w h i l e i n many ca ses und e r the v i c io u s pr ote c tio n , ,

a ffo rd e d the m by the R ad i cal n e gr o bur e au b e fo e w hos e D o gb e rry ag e n ts th e , r

pr ese nc e and the tes ti m o ny o f a s g oo d w hite m e n a s e v e r l i v e d ar e bu t too O fte n
t r e a te d w ith c o n te mp t the y (the d e l i n qu e n t n e gr oes ) ar e n e v e r pun ishe d a t all ;
,

o r, i f pun ishe d pun ishe d o nl y i n the m i ld est p ossi bl e mann e r

, I h av e kn o wn i n .

s t anc es w he r e w hite m e n c o m i n to a kn o wl e dg e O f c i m s c o mm itte d by n e gr o es

, r e ,
- t hose v e ry w hites the m se lv es e i n g the v i c ti m s — w o uld e ndur e the w r o ng an d , ,

p a ss the w ho l e ma t te r by i n sil e nc e and w itho u t ac tio n ra the r th an s ubj e c t the m , ,

s e lv es to the i n s ul t e xp e n se and l oss o f ti m e w hi c h the y w e ll kn e w the y w o uld

, ,

b e b u t too l i k e ly to i ncur by mak i ng c o mpla i n t w hethe r at the n e gr o bur e au o r , ,

a t any o n e O f those othe r bu r e au s o f m i l it ary d e s p otis m w hi c h h av e b ee n so unn e ,

c s s a i l y and so w i ck e dly i n fl i c te d up o n u s by t h e R ad i cal C o ngr ess

e r E v e ryw he r e .

th r o ug ho u t the S o u th the i ncr e a si ng d e m o ral i za tio n o f the n e gr oes is n o w

, ,
ind ee d s adly see n and s adly fe l t N o w o uld it b e an e a s y matte r to mak e up a
,
. r
ful l and c o mpl ete i nd i c t m e n t aga i n st the m O f al l thei r hi g h cr i m es and m i d s e
m e a n o s I n e v e ry d ist r i c t o r c o m mun it y O f a c o n si d e rabl e si z e o n the r i g ht h an d
r .
,
and o n the l e ft the y ar e alm ost c o n st an t ly c o mm itti ng bru t al murd e r and hi g h
,

way r o bb e ry ; br e ak i ng i n to dw e ll i ng s and w ar eho u ses ; d e pr e da ti ng o n o rc h ard s ,

fi e ld s O f gra i n and granar ies ; appr o pr i a ti ng to thei r o wn u se othe r p eo pl e s ca tt l e
,
’
,
p i g s an d p o ul t ry ; ste al i n g e v e ry thi ng th a t the y can lay thei r h and s up o n ; o u t ag r
i ng pur e and i nn o c e n t w h i te g i rl s ; and n o t unfr e qu e n t ly i n a s p i r it o f t h m os t
,

,
e
s avag e wan to nn ess and r e v e ng e setti ng o n fir e an d u tte rly d est r o y i ng th e ho u se s ,

and othe r pr o p e r t y O f thei r w hite n ei g h b o r s Te rr o r is m r ei gn s s upr e m e am o ng .

t h e w hite fe mal es O f e v e ry fam i ly and s l ee p is ban ishe d ,

.

N o t far fr o m he r e I wa s a fe w w ee k s ag o i n a s mall t o wn w he r e t he r e w e r e
, , , ,
j u st ei g ht sto r es e v e ry o n e o f w h i c h h ad a t d i fi e e n t ti m es b ee n br o k e n i n to an d
, , r ,

r o bb e d E ithe r a t the ac t ual ti me r es p e c ti v e ly O f e ac h r o bb e ry o r afte rward i t

.
, ,

wa s fully a s c e r t ai n e d and pr o v e n th a t si x o f t hese sto r es h ad b ee n fo rc i bly and ,

fe l o n io u s ly e n te r e d by n e gr oes and the oth e r t w o by p e r so n s unkn o wn A ll o f ,

.

t he m h ad b ee n e n te r e d s i nc e t h e es tab li sh m e n t o f t h e R a dical n e gr o b ur e au .
 A PP E N D I X . 2 45

Pri o r t o t h a t t im e n o s to r e in t h a t to wn h d e v e r b ee n e n te r e d b y b urgl ar s
,
a .

T hes fac ts w e ll c o n si d e r e d mu st l e ad to the m ost so l e mn and pr o fo und c o nv ie

e , ,

tio n i th e br e a st f e v e ry r i g ht thi nk i ng man th a t the n e gr oes st r o ngly fo r ti fie d

, n O -
, ,

in the m o rb i d and m is plac e d s ympa th y f the R ad i cal s ar e fee l i ng the m se lv es a t O ,

c ompara ti v e l i b e r t y to co mmi t w ith i mpuni t y e v e ry s p e c ies o f o u t rag e an d , ,

cr i m e
B r o k e n he art e d o v e r t h d is a s t r o u s r e al i ti es O f th pr ese n t and di mly p ee rin g
.

-
e e ,

in to the dark and unc e rt a i n fu t ur e all the w hite p eo pl e he r e f w h a te v e r c o nd i , , O

t io n i n li fe ar e d ej e c te d and so rr o wful to an e x te n t th a t I n e v e r b e fo r e w it n esse d
,
.

S o m eti m es it h see m e d to m e th a t I c o uld di s c e rn so m ethi ng ho ly so m ethi ng

as ,

s cr e d i n the d ee p and t r o ubl e d s adn ess o f those ab o u t m e ; a s i f i nd ee d G d i n

a , , , o ,

h i s gr e a t m e rcy h ad c o m e to dw e ll i n the r he ar ts and to pr ote c t the m fr o m

,
i ,

fur the r o u t rag e I w o uld th a t this w e r e so A m o ng m e n w hose he ar ts ar e n ot

. .

e n ti r e ly call o u s t e v e ry c o n si d e ra tio n O f ju sti c e and h uman it the r e sho uld

o y ,

alway s pr e vai l a se n tim e n t k ee nly ali v e to th e s ugg estio n th a t t he r e sho ul d b e ,

b oth a m e a s ur e and a li m it a tio n f pun ish m e n t Y t st rang e to s ay m o r e O . e , ,

s t rang e to s ay o f w hite m e n and stil l m o r e st rang e to s ay o f w hite m e n i n thi s ,

ni n etee n th c e n t ury the R ad i cal s a s r e pr ese n te d i n the R ad i cal C o ngr ess see m t o
, , ,

b e ac tua te d by s uc h se n t i m e n t a s this F the cr i m es w hi c h w e r e c o mm itte d

no . or
by o nly a fe w d o z e n ac t ual t ra ito r s (the m o r e pr o m i n e n t and gu i l t y o f w ho m
o ug ht i my O p i n io n to h av e b ee n h ang e d m o r e t h an t w o y e ar s ag o ) the y ar e
, n , ,

infl i c ti ng ll mann e r o f se v e r e p e nal t i es and pun ish m e n ts o n ei g h t m il l io n s f

a O

p eO p l ! The y c o mpla i n an d ju st ly o f th e cru e l t r e a t m e n t and d e a th

e ,
f so m e ,
O
t ho u s an d s o f U n io n so ld ie r s i n L i bby P r iso n a t S ali s bury and a t A nd e r so nv i ll e , ,

bu t by law s m o r e t yrann i cal and barbar o u s th an w e r e e v e r b e fo r e e ac t e d by an y

, n
c i vil i z e d l e gis lat ur e t he y ar e d e l i b e ra te ly cru shi ng o u t the s p i r it and the l i fe o f
,
m il li o n s O f i nn o c e n t m e n w o m e n and c hi ldr e n ! I n the va i n e ffo rt t e xculpa te
, , o
t he m se lv es the y vaun ti ngly pr o cla i m to the w o rld th a t t hei r m e a s ur es o f m i l it ary
,

r e c o n st ruc tio n w e r e e nac te d i n gr e a t part if n ot pr i nc i pally fo r the pr ote c tio n , ,

and fo r the b e n e fi t O f U n io n m e n i t h S o u th I te ll the m th a t the t ru e U ni o n n e .

m e n f the S o u th (the w hite U n io n m e n and e xc e p t these the r e w e r e n o n e d

O , , an
ar e n o n e w o rt h y f the n am e ) d etest w ith a d etest a ti o n u nu tte rabl e the e n ti r e
O , ,

bat c h f thei r d is grac e ful an d ru i n o u s m i l it ary m e a s ur es f r e c o n st ruc tio n W it h

O O .

fe w e xc e p tio n s the w hi te U n io n m e n o f th e S o u th fee l th a t the y h av e b ee n m ost

,

fo ull y and sh am e f lly b et ray e d and d isho n o r e d ; and w e r ej e c t wi th i mm e a s urabl e

u ,

s c o rn and i nd i gn a tio n th e i mpu t a tio n th a t w e h av e any s ym p a thies o r pu p oses

, r
i n c o mm o n wi th ba se m i nd e d and d e g e n e ra te par tis an s w ho l i k e the R ad i cal s
-
, , ,

a re aband o n e d to e v e ry hi g h pr i nci pl e f ho n o r and r i g ht r e a so n W w e r e a d O . e , n

ar e sti ll R e publ i can s ; n ot black R e publ i can s bu t w hite R e publ i can s R adi cal s
, ,
.

w e n e v e r w e r e n o r can w e b I t is the n th e R e publ i can part y i n th e p e r so n s

, e .
, , ,

O f f ac ti and fanat i cal mul tit ud es o f R adi cal d e mag o g es th a t h a s l e ft u s and

ons u , ,

n t w e w ho h av e l e ft the R e publ i can par t y

o A d I he r e te ll these R a d i cal s and I . n ,

t e ll the m w ith e mp h a sis and d isti nc t n ess n ot a s a th r e a t bu t a s a warn i ng th a t , , , ,

i n any fu tur e c o nfli c t o f arm s (w hi c h ho w e v e r may G d and g oo d m e n av e r t l ) b , ,

o e
t w ee n the fr ie nd s and e n e m ies o f the C o n stit u ti o n and o f the G o v e rnm e n t o f h ,
t e
U n ite d S t a tes a s c o n stit u tio na lly o rgan i z e d the b ette r cla ss f U i o n w hite m e n , O n
o f the S o u th w o ul d b e pr e c ise ly w he r e the y w e r e b e fo r e — the y w o ul d b e w ith the ,
r i g ht bu t n ot wi th the R adi cal s
, .

B t w h y d o I s p e ak o f a warlik e c o n ti ng e ncy O f t his so rt a s b ei ng n e w e v e n

u
w ithi n t h b o und s o f p ossi b i l it y !
e I w il l te ll y o u Th a t the w ho l e c o un t ry N o r th . ,

and S o u th E a st and W est is n ot n o w i n a st a te o f g e n e ral g oo d o rd e r p e ac e an d

, ,
‘

p r os p e r it y i s al o n e du e to the u nwi se and unj u s t l e gi s latio n o f the R ad i cal C

, on
gr ess A larg e maj o r it y o f th a t C o ngr ess ar e n o w e v i nc i ng o r h av e bu t r e c e n t ly
.

e v i nc e d a d i s p ositio n to pr ose cu te e v e n to sti ll gr e a te r l e ng ths i f p ossi bl e t hei r

,

, , , ,

fo rm e r s c he m es o f r e v e ng e d es p o tis m and ru i n A s a m e r e part y m e a s ur e rank , , .

,

w ith wan to nn ess and u s urpa tio n the y w th r e a te n t i mp e ac h and r e m o v e ,

no o a
P r es id e n t w ho tho ug h at ti m es so m e w h a t st ubb o rn and i mprud e n t h a s lway s
, , , a
b ee n r i g i dly fa ithful i n the p e rfo rmanc e o f his c o n stit u tio nal du ties i fl xi b ly , n e
h o n es t tho r o ug hl y pa t ri oti c and e m i n e n t ly so l i c ito u s to pr o m ote i n all pr o p e r
, , ,

w ay s th e publ i c g oo d A n i n telli g e n t and di sti ngu ishe d m e rc h an t o f B osto n

, .
,
w ith w ho m o n a c e r t a i n o cca sio n I di n e d i n N w Yo rk a f w m o n th s ag o
, , e , e ,
r e mark e d to m e th a t i his p i n io n the pr ese n t o r a fu t ur e B ancr o ft i n d et a i l i ng
, n O ,

t o p oste r it y the t r e histo ry o f the adm i n ist ra tio n o f A n d r e w J oh n so n w o uld

u ,

fi nd i n h i m the b est pr esi d e n t A bra h am L i nc o ln al o n e e xc e p te d th a t w e h av e ,

h d i n A m e r i ca th u s far si nc e t h e day s O f J oh n Qu i ncy A dam s
,
a , , Th a t wa s the .

h o n est o p i n i o n O f a h i gh l y d at e d hi g h m i nd e d and m ost w o rt h y m e rch an t

o
e uc -

o f the c i t y o f B os to n L t the w ho l e cr o w d o f n ois y rad i cal s w ho n ot u nl i k e a

, ,

. e , ,

pack o f p oo dl es s narl i ng an d s napp i g a t the hee l s o f an e l e p h an t ar e i nc ess an t l y n ,

a nn o yi ng and d e faming o n e w ho is i n e ve ry g oo d
q u al i t y va s t ly t h e s u p e ri o r o f , ,
*
21
246 A PPE N D I X .

th e m se l v es r e fl e c t wh e th e r th e p os i tiv e O p i n io n t h u s e xp r esse d wa s n o t to l e rabl y

,

w e ll fo und e d A n othe r g e n t l e man (and this br i ng s m e to the v e ry g ist o f w h a t I

.

w ish to s ay i n r e fe r e nc e to fu t ur e fig hti ng and t o b e g th a t the rad i cal s w i ll g i v e n o ,

o cca sio n fo r it ) a N w Yo rk e r w ho o ccup ies an i mp o r t an t jud i c i al p osit i o n d e clar e d

, e ,

t o m e i n J un e la st th a t i n ca se f the a tte mp t f the R ad i cal C o ngr ess to r e m o v e

,

, , O O
th eP r esi d e n t i n any mann e r o r fo r any cau se n ot e xpl i c i tly pr es cr i b e d i n the ,

C o n stit u tio n m i“nd y o u he d i d n ot e v e n m e n tio n the nam e f A ndr e w J oh n so n

, , O ,
h o nly s p o k e O f
e the P r esi d e n t — h fo r o n e w o ul d t ak e up arm s to r esi s t ,
”
e, ,

t h u s urpa tio n an d he b e l ie v e d the p eo pl e w o uld g e n e rally d o the s am e thi ng

e ,

H e fur the r r e mark e d th a t i n s uc h an e v e n t the war w o ul d b e o n e m e r e ly fo r the

.

p r ese rva tio n f r e publ i can and d e m o cra ti c i n stit u t i o n s and th a t it w o uld pr e
O ,
v a i l o nly a t the N o r th unl ess the S o u th by he r o wn v o l itio n sho uld c o m e t, , , o
b e a par t to i t N W i t may b e th a t the r e ar e c e r t a i n m e n i n the S o u th
. O ,
who w ] b e m o r e o r l ess r ej oi c e d a t t h e o u t br e ak o f a war f th a t so t bu t i f
on O r ,

s o I m ost si nc e r e ly ho p e and t ru st t h a t the y may n e v e r b e gra ti fi e d ; n

, w i ll the y or
b e, unl ess it b e th r o ug h t h f o lly and the cr i m e f the R a d i cal par t y Th w hite e O . e
U n io n m e n o f the S o u th ar e n ot o nly S o u the rn e r s the y ar e al so A m e r i can s and , ,
t he y wi sh w e l l to the w ho l e c o un t ry ; i nd ee d so e x te n si v e ar e thei r g oo d w i ll ,
a n d a s p i ra t io n s i n this r e ard th a t the y h O p the day w i ll s oo n c o m e o r c o m e e
g , ,

so m e t i m e w he n the e n t i r e c o n ti n e n t f N o r th A m e r i ca fr o m the A t lan ti c to

, O ,

t h P ac i fic and fr o m B eh r i ng s S t ra its t o the I sth mu s o f D ar ie n sh all b e fo und

e ,
’
,

t o b e too s mall to r e pr ese n t i n full o n the map s the p e ac e ful pr os p e r o u s and , ,

pr o gr essi v e p e fi i and b o undar ies o f o ur n a tio nal d o ma i n W e b e l ie v e th a t

sn r c es .
”

A ndr e w J oh n so n h a s mad e and is sti ll mak i ng i the p e r so n o f hi m se lf a t ruly

, , n ,

abl e and pa t r ioti c P r esi d e n t o f these U n ite d S t a tes ; and w e b e l ie v e fur the r w itho u t ,
adv o cati ng his e l e c tio n o r e l e ctio n th a t he w o uld mak e fo r the e n s u i ng Pr esi r e- , ,
d e n ti al te rm a b e tte r Pr esi d e n t th an an y o n e f the g e n t l e m e n w hose nam es t h
, O e
R ad i cal s h av e y et m e n tio n e d i n c o nn e c tio n wi th th a t hi g h ffi c e ; and this si mply O .

b e cau se the y h av n ot m e n tio n e d the nam es o f s uc h cl e ar si g hte d and w o r th y

e -

R e publ i can s ta tes m e n a s S e ward A dam s F esse nd e n S he rman M C l l ch D , , , , c u o , O O

l itt l e B r o wn i ng W e ll es R aym o nd and R andall ; in o r the n am es f any f thos e
, , , ,
O O
t r ie d and t ru st y D e m o cra ti c st a tes m e n to w ho m i n magnan i m o u s and pra ise ,
w o rt h y c o al itio n w ith the R e publ i can s w e may y et h av e to l oo k fo r the s afe p i l ot ,
ing f t h shi p o f S t a te o v e r the many r o ug h sho al s an d br e ak e r s am o ng w hi c h
O e
t h R ad i cal s h av e so n e gl i g e n t ly and so culpably all o w e d he r to dr i ft
e .

W the w hite U n io m e n f the S o u th — and al l the w hite m e n he r e t w o o r

e, n O , ,

t h r ee d o z e n arc h t ra ito r s e xc e p te d w o uld soo n b e c o m e firm and fa ith ful fr ie nd s

-
,

o f the U n io n i f the y w e r e o nly a ffo rd e d j t and r e a so nabl e pp o r t un it y to b e

,
a us O
c o m e so — ar e v e r d esi r o u s th a t ll the S o u the rn S t a tes sh all a t o nc e b e prud e n t ly
, y a
an d p o p e rly r eh ab i l it a te d ; w e wan t the m to r es um e w itho u t d e lay thei r r i g ht
r , ,
~

ful st a t u s i n the natio n ; w e wan t the m ackn o wl e dg e d and t r e a te d i n all , re

sp t
ec s , a s fr ee and e q ual St a tes w ith e nl i g hte n e d and r e publ i can c o n sti tu tio n s o f ,

g o v e rnm e n t si m i lar to t hose o f N w Yo rk Pe nn s ylvan i a and O hio ; w e wan t

, e , ,

the m to r et a i n i n the ampl est p ossi bl e se n se b oth the se mblanc e and th r e al it y

, ,
e
O f w hite S t a tes and so av oi d the u tte r d is grac e and w o r th l ess n ess f b e c o m i ng
,
O
black S t a tes ; and w e i n sist up o n it th a t the i nfam o u s d o gma s and te ac hi ng s f ,
o
th e R ad i cal s w h o ar e so p e r ti nac io u s ly st r i v i ng to r e duc e the w hite rac es f o u r
,
O
c o un t ry to th e l o w l e v e l f n e gr ohoo d o ug ht to b e e v e ry w he r e r e fu se d and r ej e c te d
O ,
w ith the u t m ost d is da i n W i n sist up o n it th a t the ab o l itio n O f s lav e ry am o n g . e ,
u s o ug ht to l e av e the n e gr o o ccupy i ng i n the S o u th pr e c ise ly the s am e st a t u s th a t
the ab o l itio n o f s lav e ry am o ng y o u l e ft hi m o ccup i ng i n the N o r th W i n sist y . e
u p o n it th a t b e cau se f his na t ural infe r i o r it y his d es p i cabl e c h arac te r isti c s his
, , O , ,

gr oss st up i d it y and his b ti l s s he o ug ht n ot to b e a ll o w e d eithe r t v ote o r

,
ru s i ne ,
o
to ho ld ffic e n o r to fill o r p e rfo rm any othe r hi g h func tio n w hi c h app e r t a i n s and
O , , ,

o f r i g ht sho uld alway s app e r t a i n e xclu si v e ly to the w o r th y and w e ll q li fi d

, ,
-
ua e
w hite c iti z e n s f o u r c o un t ry ! S p e ak i ng he r e o nly fo r my se lf a s an i nd i v i dual I
O .
, ,

m ay s ay w ith ab so lu te si nc e r it y and t ru th th a t ho w e v e r muc h othe r s may it c h fo r

, ,
o ffi c e the r e is n o p ositio n o f ho n o r t ru st o r pr o fi t w ithi n the g i ft o f any numb e r
, , , ,

O f the A m e r i can p eo pl e o r any numb e r f any othe r p eo pl e th a t I w o uld acc e p t , O , ,

u nl ess it cam e to m e th r o ug h w hite v otes al o n e A d w hi l e this is st r i c t ly t ru e i t . n ,

i s v e ry c e r t a i n al so th a t ho w e v e r unr e g e n e rate I may b e i n othe r r es p e c ts and

, , , ,

i t w o uld see m th a t acc o rd i ng to th p i n io n o f so m e I am a rathe r si nf l so r t O f

,
e O ,
u
ma n, y et I fee l h appy i n the p e rfe c t a ss uranc e th a t I sh all n e v e r g o d o wn to the
-

grav e e l se w he r e w it h the black cr i m e r esti ng up o n my so ul o f h av i ng i n any

nor , ,

c o n ti ng e ncy o r und e r any p ossi bl e o r c o nc ei v bl e c i rcum st anc es e v e r v ote d f r a

,
a ,
o
n e gr l v i n sist up o n i t t h a t the e nfranc hise m e n t o f th e n e gr oes and the d i s
]o e
franc h i se m e n t f the w hites w he r e by the s upr e macy o f the n e gr oes h a s alr e ady
O
,

b ee n est abl ishe d o r is ab o u t t b e est abl ishe d i n alm ost e v e ry S o u the rn S t a te i s a

,

, o ,

c o n s u mma t e o u trag e an u nmi tiga te d d es p ot i s m a n un p ara l l e l e d i nf amy an d an

, , ,
24 8 A PPE N D I X .

and in th i s e ffo r t w h ic h wi ll b e in p e rfe c t h arm o ny wi th th at wi s d o m an d p atri o t

,
i s m w hi c h t h r o ug h the m i g ht y e n e r ies and e n te rpr ises o f w hite m e n h av e
, , ,

b r o u gh t i mmr i s h ab l e gr e at n ess and g o ry to th e N o r th w e m ost e arn est ly an d ,

t ru sti ngly so l i ci t y o ur fra te rnal c o O p e ra tio n A n d t he n h av i ng a t la st i m it a te d th e

- .
,

g oo d e xampl e w hi c h yo u h av e he ld pr o m i n e n t ly b e fo r e u s fo r m o r e th an h a lf a c e n
t ury bu t w hi c h i n o ur e xc e s i v e fo lly and st ubb o rnn ess w e h av e un til n o w ej e c te d ;
, ,
s
, r
h av i ng fill e d o u r S t a tes a s yo u h av e fi ll e d y o ur S t a tes w ith w hite p eo pl e and n ot
, , ,

w ith s uc h i n to l e rabl e h uman rubb ish a s n e gr oes I nd i an s and mula ttoes t he n w e , , ,

m e an to fig h t y o u a ga i n ; n ot w ith ste am ram s cann o n mu s k ets bay o n ets s w o rd s
-
, , , ,

n o r s abr es ; n ot W it h any O f the s angu i nary and so rr o w f u l w e ap o n s o f d e a th

,

,
b u t w ith all t h e pl e a si ng and e nn o bl i ng ag e nc ies o f l i fe T he n fo r th e fir st ti m e .
,

s i nc e y o u wi se ly ab o l ishe d s lav e ry and n e gr oes and w e foo li sh ly r et a i n e d th e m

, ,
w i ll i t b e p ossi bl e fo r o ur S t a tes O f the S o u t h to b e g i n t o b e e q ual w ith y o ur S t a tes
O f th e N o r th A n d the n a s w e al l advanc e o nward i n the rand marc h o f i mpr o v e
and w e wan t te n s and h undr e d s o f tho u s and s 0 gy o u to c o m e am o ng u s
.
,

m en t ,
-
,
a n d b e wi th u s and o f u s and a t th e s am e ti m e to a i d u s by so und c o un s el and
, , , ,

o the rw ise i n the var ie d and ard u o u s du ties an d r e s p o n s b i l i ti s w hi c h ar e n o w

,
r e
d e v o lv i n g up o n u s — w e sh all b e i n to c h all e ng e y o u i n g oo d e arn est ; n ot to th e
,
ba tt l e fie ld bu t t o c o ur teo u s e mu a tio n and r i valry i n all o f th e n o bl e ar ts and r e
-
,
fi n e m en t s a y an d al so o cca sio nally i n so m e O f th e m o r e i nn o c e n t an d ma n ly
, ,

gam es and s p o r t s o f p e ac e an d c i v ili z a ti o n

, .
 A PPE N D I X I I .

I
ID EN T CA L N ES S O F TH E S EN TIMEN T A N D SCO PE O F THE “
I
MPE N D N G CR S S O F TH E SO UTH , ” A N D I
N O J O QUE ” I I .

A L ETT ER F R O M MR . HEL PER .

A S HEV I LL E , N o r th Car o lin a , J anuary 22 , 18 68 .

To the E d i tor s of th e N a ti o n a l I n telli gen cer

O nc e m o r e b e g l e av e to r eite ra te t h e fac t an d at th e s am e tim e b y a n ap p e a l
I , , ,
to the r e c o rd
, to o
fier e v i d e nc es o f the fac t (i n r e ply to s undry i ll fo und e d accu s a
‘

t io n s t o the c o n t rary ) t h a t my v ie w s o f ho w e v e r l i t t l e i mp o r t anc e the y may b e

, ,

t o uc hi ng the n e gr o h av e n e v e r und e rg o n e any c h ang e w h a te v e r I h av e d e clar e d ,

, .

he r eto fo r e and I n o w d e clar e aga i n th a t the r e i s i n r e al it y n o inc o n sis t e ncy o f

, , , ,
st a te m e nt w hethe r w ith r e fe r e nc e to the n e gr oes o r w ith r e fe r e nc e to s lav e ry
, ,
b et w ee n my t w o p o l iti cal w o rk s Th e I mp nd i ng C i s i s f th e S u th a n d
,

, e r o o
N j qu e
o o I t h a s b ee n s aid by many p e r so n s o f l oose h ab i t s o f u tt e ranc e b oth
.
”
, ,
N o r th an d S o u th an d i t is b e l ie v e d by so m e b u t by n o o n e w ho h a s e v e r r e a d th e
, ,

b oo k W i th his e y es o p e n th a t th e fo rm e r w o rk Th e I mp n di ng C r i s i wa s wr it
, ,
e s,”
t e n i n th e in te r es t o f the n e r oes and i n a s pi r i t o f hosti l it y to th e w hites T his , .

is si mply un t ru e A n d n o w o r the pr oo fs o f m y d e clara tio n Turn to the d e d i ca

. .

tio n pag e o f Th e I mp en d i ng C i s i (and i n o rd e r t h a t y o u m ay b e e nabl e d t o r s ”

d o so c o nv e ni e n t ly I he r e w ith t ran s m it a c o py to y o ur ad d r ess ) and y o u w i ll the r e
, ,

find th a t the b oo k is c o n s p i cu o u s ly d e d i ca te d — to w ho m ! N o t to th e n e gr oes ,

m ark y o u n o to thei r ma ste r s bu t To T H E N O N S L A V E H O L D I N G e
, r us O F
,
-

T H E SO UTH D oes n ot t his d e dica t io n o f i tse lf sho w p la i nly t o e v e ry c and i d

.
”

m i nd the C auca si an dr i ft o f t h e w ho l e w o rk 2
N o w t urn to the pr e fac e an d see w h a t I h av e s ai d th e r e
, F r o m th e se c o n d .

p aragrap h I q u ote a s fo ll o w s
,

I n wr iti ng this b oo k i t h a s b ee n n o part o f my purp ose to c ast u n m er i t ed

,
O ppr o br i um up o n s lav eho ld e r s n o r to d i s play any s p e c i al fr ie ndli n ess o r s ympa th y
,

fo r the black s I h av e c o n si d e r e d my s ubj e ct m o r e par t icul arly w ith r e fe r e nc e to

.

i ts e c o n o m i c a s p e c ts a s r e gard s the w hites n ot wi th r e fe r e nc e e xc ep t i n a v e ry , ,

s lig ht d e gr ee t o its h uman it ar i an o r r e l i g io u s a s p e c ts
”
.
,

W itho u t g oi ng in t o the b o dy o f th e b oo k t hese q u o t ati o n s fr o m th e d e d i ca ti o n ,

an d t h e pr e fac e o ug h t i t see m s t o m e to b e q ui te s ufii ci e nt ; bu t i f y o u w i ll
, , , ,

gran t m e the s pac e I will b ri n g fo rwar d t hr ee o r fo ur a ddi ti o nal e x t rac ts O n

,
.

p ag e 14 5 I s a i d ,
A ll mank i n d may o r may n o t b e th e d es c e ndan t s o f A d am an d Eve I n o ur .

o wn h umbl e way o f thi nk in g w e ar e fr ank t o c o nfess w e d o n o t b eli e ve in th e , ,

u n it y o f the rac es .
”

O n pa ge 8 5 I s a i d ,
C o nfin e d to the o gi n al S tat es i n w h ic h i t e x is t e d t h e s y s te m o f e nfo rc e d
r ,

se rv it ud e w o uld soo n h av e b ee n di s p ose d o f by l e gis la ti v e e n ac tm e n t s and l o ng ,

b e fo r e the pr ese n t day by a gradual pr o c ess t h a t c o uld h av e sho ck e d n o i n te r est
an d alarm e d n o pr ejud i c e w e w o uld h av e r i d o ur se lv es n o t o nly o f A fr i can s lav
,

e ry w hi c h is an ab o m i na tio n and a cur se bu t al so o f the n e gr oes the m se lv es

, , ,

w ho i n o ur judgm e n t w hethe r v ie w e d i n r e la tio n to thei r ac t ual c h arac te r i s ti c s

, ,
and c o nd itio n o r th r o ug h t h e s t r o n g an tip a th i es o f th e w h i tes ar e t o s ay th e l e a st
, , , ,
an und es i rabl e p o pula tio n ”

O n pag e 1 43 th e c o un t ry at th e t i m e I w r o t e h aving b ee n i n a c o m p ara t i ve ly

.

, , ,

w e al th y and uncr i ppl e d c o nd itio n I adv o ca te d the rai si ng o f a larg e s u m ,

O n e h alf o f w hi c h s um w o uld b e amp l y s uffic ie n t to land v e ry n e gr o m t hi s
- e
c o un t ry o n th e c o a s t o f L i b e r i a w h i the r if w e h ad th e p o w e r w e w o ul d sh i p , , ,
t h e m al l wi thm th e n e x t s i x m o n ths ” .
25O A PPE N D I X .

P ur s uing th i s i d e a of c o l o ni z ati o n I s aid o n p age 144

, ,
L e t u s c h ar t e r all the o c e an ste am e r s p a ck ets and cl i pp er s h i p s th a t can b e
, ,

h ad o n l i b e r a l te rm s and k ee the m c o n st an t ly ply i ng b et w ee n the p o r ts o f A m e r

,
ica and A fr i ca un ti l all the s av es w ho ar e he r e he ld i n b o ndag e sh all e nj o y fr e e
,

d o m i n the land o f the i r fa the r s U nd e r a w e ll d e vi se d and pr o p e rly c o nduc te d

.
-

s y ste m o f o p e ra tio n s o nly a fe w y e ar s w o uld b e r e q u i r e d to r e d ee m the U n ite d

,

S t a t es fr o m the m o n st r o u s cur se o f n e gr o s lav e ry .

”

D o z e n s o f si m i lar e x t rac ts m i g h t b e gi v e n ; b ut I wi ll n e i the r t r es p a ss o n my

o w n ti m e by t ran s cri b i ng the m n o r o n y o ur s by a s king y o u to publ ish the m
, It .

w a s my i n t e n tio n th a t my I mp en d i ng C i s i s sho uld b e an e arn est an ti s lav e ry

r
” -

a pp e al t o the gr e a t maj o ri ty o f the w hite p eo pl e o f the S o u th and n ot i n an y , ,

se n se n o r to any e x te n t an app e al to the n e gr o ; and I c h a ll e ng e any o n e to
, ,

q u ote fr o m the b oo k a si ngl e p ag e paragrap h se n te nc e l i n e o r w o rd th a t w he n

, , , , , ,
c r iti cally e xam i n e d and fa i rly i n te rpr ete d w i ll j u st if y the a ss ump tio n th a t I e v e r
,

r e gard e d the n e gr o othe rw ise th an a s a v e ry i nfe r io r and alm ost w o r th l ess so r t o f

m an n ot t o b e k e p t i n s lav e ry i ncr e a se d and r et a i n e d am o ng u s bu t to b e fr ee d
, , , , ,
c o l o n i z e d ju st ly and l i b e rally p r o vid e d fo r
,
an d the n p u t w ho lly up o n h i s o wn
,
r eso urc es and l e ft t o hi m se lf
,
.

My o pp ositio n to s lav e ry (and i f p oss ibl e I am m o r e o pp ose d t o i t n o w t ha n I

, ,

w a s te n y e ar s ag o ) l oo k e d t o the ul ti ma te w hite n i ng u p o f all the S o u the rn S t a tes ,

a n d n ot to the s p r e ad i ng n o r to th e c o n ti nuanc e o t t h a t fo u l blackn ess an d d i l
’

, s co
o ra tio n o f t he m w hi c h the n e xi ste d w hi c h sti ll e x ists and w hi c h t h e rad i cal par t y
, ,

a r e n o w vic io u s ly and cri m i nally e nd e av o r i ng to p e rp et ua te N o w o rk e r i n w o o d

e v e r gr oo v e d a plank w ith m o r e s t purp ose to“
.

e i n t r o duc e the r ei n th e to ngu e o r t h e

d o v et a i l o f an othe r plank th an I wr ote the Imp en d i ng C i s i s wi th the fix e d
, r
”

d ete rm i na tio n i f s p ar e d to fo ll o w the s am e i n du e ti m e w ith

, , N j oqu e
, Th e , o .
”

ab o l itio n o f s lav e ry wa s o nly a n e c ess ary ste p a s i ne q u n n to war d t h e a e c o m , a o ,

p l i s h m e n t o f a sti ll n o bl e r w o rk w hi c h d es p ite t h e fo rmidabl e O pp ositio n e n c o u n

, ,

t er e d th r o ug h the ba se n ess the t r e a so n and the t yranny o f a u s urpa to ry C o ngr ess

, , ,

i s n o w i n rap i d pr o cess o f c o n s umma tio n A fe w y e ar s m o r e and th e U n ite d

.
,

S t a tes o f A m e r i ca i f n o t t h e w h o l e o f A m e r i ca w i ll b e fo und to b e h app i ly an d

, ,

pr os p e r o u ly an d p e rman e n tly p eo p l e d b y vi g o r o u s an d all -t rium p hi ng o ffshoot s

s
o f t h e w h i te ra c es o nly .
25 2 L MD E X;

Cumm ing , G or d o n 71 84 153 , , , . G l u tto ny o f th e N e gr oe s , 100- 102 .

C u st o m s H ab i ts an d M an n e r s
, , , in N e G o d wi n P ar k e 2 1 5 , , .

gr o lan d 1 38 152 ,
- . G uy o t A r n o l d 227 228
, , , .

Cu vi e r 2 18 227
, , .

Ha b i ts M ann e r s , an d Cu s to m s i n N e

D arwin Ch ar l es 2 18 2 19
, , , .
gr o lan d 138 152 ,
-
.

D e cr e a se o f t h e N e gr o R a ce 1 58 - 1 6 1 .
H arri s C o rnwalli s 39
, , , 8 4 , 1 02 .

D e n h am D i x o n 9 5 1 31 .
H e l p e r H i n to n R fr o m .
(E x t rac ts
, , ,

D e n h am an d Clap p e r to n 16 38 , 9 1 , 1 08 , N oj o q u e 1 9 9 208 Se e al s o - .

, ,

128 , 1 4 3, 1 66 .
t h e I n t r o duc t io n an d t h e A p p e n

D i sho n es t y o f th e N e gr oes 94 9 7 .
d i xe s t o th e v o lum e in h an d .
,

D o c t o r s in N egr o l an d 7 0—7 4 , .
H e n d rick s Tho ma s A 1 8 7 , .
, .

D oo l i ttl e J am es R 1 84 1 85 1 86
, . .
H uman B u t c he ri es an d H uman S acri
, , ,

D o ugla s S t e p he n A 1 82 fi ce s in N e gr o l a n d 19 25 ,
-
.
, .
, .

D ray so n A lf r e d W 49 1 14 1 68
, , , .
H u tc h in so n Tho ma s J 29 94 104 1 26 , , , ,

D runk e nn ess an d D e b auc he ry in N e

gr o lan d ,
H ut s o v e l s an d H o l es
, H , (b u t no

D u Ch ai ll a Paul B 1 7 —1 9 2 6 33 44
, .
, , , , ,
H o u ses ) in N egr l a d o n ,
15 2- 15 8 .

5 3—5 6, 5 9 , 60, 72, 73, 77, 79 , 9 3, 9 7, H u xl e y Tho ma s H 1 7 , .

, .

I d o lat ry in N g l n d 5 7—70 e ro a , .

D uncan , J oh n , 2 3, 25 , 2 8 , 33, 39 , 69 , 77,

I nd o l e nc e and I m p r o vid e nc e o f th e
N e gr oes 1 22—1 25
9 6, 1 1 0, 122 , 145 , 146 , 1 70
.
,
.

I n h os p i t al it y to S t rang e r s in N e gr o
Engl ish Tho m as D unn 2 16
, , .
l and 8 2 8 9 ,
- .

E x tin c tio n (pr o b abl e ) o f th e N e gr o

I ncr e a si ng P e min e nc e an d Pr e d o m r e- ~

i n n c o f t h e W h i t e R ac es 22 7
R ac e 1 58 1 61 -
a e ,
, .

E x t o rti o n an d R o bb e ry in N egr o lan d ,

8 2- 8 9 .

J n e e r so n
’

, T ho m as ,
173- 1 77, 22 0, 224 .

F ail ur e o f M i ss i o nary E n t e rp ri ses in Ki ch ere r , Mr .

, 9 2 , 1 50 .

N egr o l an d , 1 34—138 .
Krap f, L o u is 8 7, 1 34 , 1 60 .
,

F t e i c hi s m ,
P r ies tcraft , an d I d o l at ry
in N egr ol an d 5 7 70 ,
-
. L an d e r , R i c h ar d , 2 4 , 37, 62 , 8 1 , 9 1,

F i she r S y d n e y G eo rg e 1 9 6 19 7 2 31
, , , , . 92, 9 7, 100, 1 05 , 1 09 ,

F oo t e A ndr e w H 28 30 65 136
, .
, , , , . L awl ess n ess and Mi se ry in N egro lan d
F r ee man J J 2 1— 2 3 31 68 7 1 1 2 1 1 59
. .
, , , , , , ,

L a z in ess o f th e N e gr oes 1 2—125 ,

2 .

F un er al R i tes in N e gr oland ,
1 18- 122 . L ic h t e n s t e in D r H e nry 9 1 1 01 , .
, , , 1 1 1,

1 1 2 , 1 48 , 1 5 7, 1 58 , 169 .

G l o ve r , S amu el T .
, 2 13. L i eb e r , Fr an ci s , 228 .
 IN D E X 253

L inc o l n A b rah am 180 18 1

, , , . O gil b y , J ohn , 1 5 , 16, 7s, 8 7, 123,

L iving s to n e Ch ar l es 2 6 , , . 1 33, 1 49 .

L i ving s to n e D avi d 2 1 28 30 4 7 60, , , , , , , 6 1,

70, 76 , 80, 1 01 , 102 , 103, 1 10, 12 1 , Pa k ,r Ma ngo , 88 , 9 4 , 104 , 127, 1 53,

1 22 , 1 37, 1 38 ,
1 39 , 140, 1 5 7, 171, 17
2 . 1 67 .

L o n d o n D i s p atc h 135 , .
r
Pa ke r , T heo d o r e 234 , .

L ope Ed uar d o 1 7 Pa rt o n J a m es 2 14
‘

z, , . .

L y e ll S i C h arl es 1 65
,
r , . P e nu y an d M i s e ry i n
r N egr ol an d , 89

L y in g an A frican A cc o m p l i s h ment
, , 7
9 , 94 .

98 .
Ph y s ica l Me n tal and Mo ra l D i ffe r e nc e s
, ,

b e tw ee n th e W hi te s and th e '

Macb r ai r , R . M .
, 90 .
B l ac k s 1 62 1 7 2 , , .

M ann H o rac e , , 2 35 . Po l ygamy i n N egrol an d 105 1 17 ,

-
.

Man n e r s , H a b i ts , an d Cu s to ms in N e Pr i e s tcraft F e tic h i s m an d I d o l atr y i n

, ,

gr o lan d ,
1 38—1 52 .
N e gr o l an d , 57
-
70

Marriag e an d Co n cu b i n ag e i n N e gr o Pr o b ab l e E t x incti o n o f th e N e gr o
l an d 1 05 1 17 ,
- .
ac e 158 16 1
R ,
-

Me ntal Ph y s ical an d Mo ral B id e r Pr os ti t u ti o n an d N ak e d n es s in N e gr o

‘

, ,

e n ces b e tw ee n th e W h i t e s an d l an d 75 78 ,
- .

t h e Bl ac k s 1 62 1 72 ,
-
.

Mi ss i o nary E n te r p ri ses F ai l u r e of i n ,
R i d o c to r s i n N egr ol an d 70 74
a n- ,
- .

N e gr ol an d , 1 34- 1 38 .
R al eig h R e gi s te r 124 , .

Mo fiat
'

R o b e rt 30, 4 8 , 1 00, 1 32 , 150, R e ad e W inw oo d 32 5 7 7

, 7 90 95 , , , , , ,
1 04 ,
, ,

1 16 , 1 1 7,
1 25 , 1 36 , 1 5 0, 165 , 1 66 .

Moo r e , ranci s 5 1 79 9 8 1 18 132

F , , , , , .
R ic h ar d so n J am es 61 125 1 44 167 , , , , , .

Mo rto n S amu e l G eo rg e 2 09 2 10 .
R o bb in g Stran g e r s i n N egr ol an d 82 8 9 ,
- .
, , ,

M u l a ttoes th e O ff s p ring o f Cr im es
,

again s t N atur e 2 1 6—223 , .

Sa c rific e s , h um an , in N egr ol an d , 19
25
Mu m b o J um b o i n N egr ol an d 1 17 1 18
.

, , .

S c o tt A nn a M 8 7 1 14 1 37 146 .
, , , , .

Mung e n W ill iam

,
, ,
S e war d W m H 1 7
,
9 1 80 . .
, , .

Mu rr ay H ug h 19 20 4 1 4 9 65
, , , , , , , Sh am e l ess n es s an d N ak e d n es s i n N e
1 10, 1 37, 142 , 1 55 , 167 gr o lan d 7 5 7 8
.
-
.
,

Sku ll s h um an a s s acr e d R e l ic s and

, ,

N ake d n es s an d Sh am el e ssne s s i n N e O r n am e n t s i n N egro lan d 25 29 ,

- .

gr o l an d 75 78 ,
-
. Slave ry an d th e S l ave tr ad e i n N e gr o -

N ati o n al I n te llig e nce r 129 , . l an d 374 4 ,

- .

N e w A m e rican C yc l o p aed i a 225 , . Smi th Ch ar l es H amil to n 4 1 1 7

,
0 229 , , , ,

N e w Yo rk Tr ib un e 1 36 1 7 3 , , . 2 30

N i g h t Car o u s al s i n N e gr ol an d 8 0 82 ,
- . S p ek e , J ohn H a nn ing , 42 , 50, 9 8 , 123,
N o r t h B r i tish R e vi e w 229 , . 130, 1 31 , 160 .

N o tt J os ia h Cl ark 2 1 1 2 16 233
, , , . S tee dman , A n d r ew , 45 , 7
2 , 144 .
 5 4 IN D E X.

St r ang e r s I n h osp itali ty to i n N egr o

, , W e b ster , D an iel , 17
8 , 179 , 235 .

l an d 82 89 ,
- . W e s tmi n s t e r R e vi e w , 85 .

S upe r s ti ti o n and W i tch cr aft i n N eg r o W e s t o n , G eo rge M 2 15 , 231 , .

, 232 .

l and 4 5 5 7 ,
-
. W h ee l o ck , E M 1 61 . .

Wh i te ( co lo r ) , th e N e gr o s A ff e cti on fo r
’

T h eft as a Fi ne A rt amo ng th e A fri

t h e , 1 02- 105
9 4- 9 7
.

ca ns , .

W h i te e gr oes (A lb in o s ) 223 226

N -
d
Tim i i t y an d Co war di ce of th e N e
, .

W h i te R ac es R t e e mi n e nc e and Pr e -
g roe s , 125 1 30 - .
,

T h ur m an A . G . 1 87 .
d o minan ce o f th e 22 7236 ,
-
.

, ,
W hi te R ic h ard G ra n t 2 13 2 14 232
, , , , .

U ntr ut hful ness o f th e N e gr oe s , 97, 98 .

W il s o n J L e ig h to n 2 1 39 4 5 65 66
, .
, , , , , ,

V al d e z , F r an ci s c o Tr avas so s , 1 7, 31 , 4 3,
72 , 1 03 , 1 05 , 1 06 , 107, 108 , 1 18 , 128 ,

1 12 , 125 , 1 47 1 5 1 , 226
5 3, , 1 48
.
.

V an Evr i e , J H . .
, 2 11 , 2 12 .
W i tc h craft i n N egr olan d 4 5- 5 7 , .

Ve n al ity o f th e N e gr oe s 98 100 ,
- .
W ra ng li n g an d L aw l es sn es s i n N egro
Vo r acit y and G l utto ny o f th e N egr oe s ,
l an d , 89- 94 .

100- 102 .
77
18 76 25 a i n the
i n the f aces of
c
f books no less tha n
ul obser ver
men by which a
,
s hilf
wi ll h n aw a s w ell w h a t to e x

h h
e
p
t t f r om t e on e a s t e

o ther .
" —BU T L ER .
 N E W B O O KS
A nd N ew Ed itio n s R e c e n tly Pu blish ed by

CA R L E T O N ,
Pu b li s h e r ,
N E W YO R K .

N B — 1 IIE PU B L I s EE Es ,
‘ ’
o r i p t o f th e p i c i n dv n ce wi ll nd ny f
u n e a a se a
th fo ll ow i g Bo k s by m p O
. e ce r , o
e n o to y p r t o f th Unit d St t s
ai P STA G E FR EE , an a e e a e .

Thi c nv en ie n t
s o d v e ry s fe m od e m y b
an d o p te d w hen th n ei gh b o ri g Bo k
a a e a e n o
se ll r s
e e n ot s uppli d wi th th
ar d si r d w o rk S t t nam and dd
e e i n full
e e . a e e a r es s .

Vi c t o r H u go .

L Es m s ER A BL Es — Th e . c e l e b r a te d n o ve l . O ne la rg e 8 vo vo l
u m e , p a p e r co ve r s , clo th b ou n d $ 2 50 ,
.

m s MI SER ABLE S — Ia th e S p a n i s h l a n g ua g e Fi n e 8 vo e d i ti o n
. . .
,

tw o vol s p a p e r co ve r s
.
,
c l o th b ou n d $ 5 00 , ,

J A R GAL — A n e w n o v e l
. I llu s tr a te d I z m o clo th . . .
,

THE L IF E O F V I CT O R H UG O — By h im s e l f 8 vo c l o th . . .
,

M i ss M u l o ck .

1 oin HAL IF AX — A n o ve l W i th i llu s tr a ti o n

. . . I z mo . c l o th ,

A L IF E F O R A L IF E do . . do .
5
Ch ar l o tt e B r on te (C u r r er B e ll ) .

JANE EYR E — A n o ve l . . . W i th il lu s tr a ti o n . I z mo . c l o th ,
THE PR O F E SS O R do . . do . do .
5
emm nn do . do . do .
5
VIL L Er TE '
do . . do . do .
5
H an d -B oo k s o f So c i ety.
rn E HAB I T S o r G O O D SO CI ET Y ; w i th th ou g h ts h i n ts a n d , ,

a n e cdo te s co n c e r n i n g n i c e p o i n ts of t a s te g oo d ma nn e r s
, , ,

a n d th e ar t of ma k i n g o n ese lf a g r ee a b l e T h e m o s t e n te r .

ta i n i n g w o r k of th e k i n d I z m o clo th $ 1 7 5 . .
,
.

TH E A R T o r C O NV E R S AT I O N W i th dir e é ti o n s fo r s e l f cul tu r e
.
- -
.

A s e n s i b l e a n d i n s tr u ét ive w o r k th a t ou g h t to b e i n th e ,

h a n d s O f e ve ry o n e wh o w i s h e s to b e e i the r a n a g r ee a b l e
tal k e r o r li s te n e r . 1 2 mo c l o th $ 1 50 .
, .

! IIE A R T O F A MU S I NG — G r ac e fu l a r ts g am es tr i c k s a n d c h a r
.
, , ,

ad es i n te n d e d to amu s e e ve r y b od y W i th s u gg es ti o n s fo r
, .

p r i va te th e a tr i cal s t a b l e au x p a r lo r an d famil y amu se m e n ts

, ,
.

N e a r l y 1 50 i llu s tr a t i ve p i ct u r e s 1 2 mo clo th $ 2 0 0 . .
,

R o bin son Cr u so e.

A h an d s om e i l l us tr a te d e d i ti o n com p l e te ,
. 12 mo c l o th .
,
4 L IS T O F B O O KS P UB L ISHE D

Mrs Mary . J . H o lm es’ W or k s .

‘
L ENA R I VE R S A n o ve l
. . I zm o . clo th ,
D A R K NE S S AND D A YL I G HI do '‘
. . do .

I EMPES I AND S UN S H I NE do do
‘ ’ ‘
. . .

MA R I AN G R E Y do . . do .

MEAD O W B R O O K do . . do .

ENG L I S H O R PHAN S do . . do .

D O R A DEANE . do . do .

C O US I N MAUDE do . . do .

HO ME S TEAD O N THE HI LL S I DE do . . do .

H UGH W O R TH I NGT O N do . . do .

T II E CA ME R O N PR I DE do do
a th s /
. . .

R O S E M AT E E R —
7 w t P t ed do . . do .

Miss A u gu sta J . E va n s .

BEULAH .
—A n o ve l of g r e a t p o w e r . mo clo th 12 .

MA O A R IA do do . . do
Pu h
. .

ST . EL MO . do d o yu s t . . lzs h ea do ’
. .

B y th e A u th o r o f R u tl e d ge .”

R UTLEDGE —A d e e p l y i n te r es ti n g n o ve l
. I z mo c l o th . .

T HE S UTHE R LAND S do do . . .

F R AN K W A R R I NGT O N do do . . .

S T PH I L I P S do do
’
. . . .

L O U I E S LA S T TE R M AT S T MA R Y s
’
do .
’
. .

R O U N D HEA R TS AND O THE R S T O R I E S — Fo r c h i l d r e n do . . .

A R O S A R Y F O R LENT — D e vo ti o n al R e adi n g s do . .

C a p ta i n M a yn e R ei d ’s W o r k s —Il l u s tr a t e d .

THE S CAL P HUNTE R S A r oma n c e . . 12 mo c l o th

.

TH E R IF L E R ANGE R S do . . do .

THE T I GE R H UNTE R d o! . do .

O S CE O LA THE S E MI N O LE
,
do . . do .

THE W A R T R A IL do . . do
THE HUNTE R S F EAS T do ’
. . do .

R ANGE R S AND R EGULAT O R S do . . do .

TH E W H I TE CH I E F do . . do .

TE E QUAD R O O N do . . do .

THE W I LD HUNT R E SS do . . do .

TEE W O O D R ANGE R S do . . do .

W I LD L IF E . do . do .

TH E MA R O O N do . . do .

L O S T LE O N O R E do . . do .

TH E R EA D L ESS H O R S E MAN do do
a th s /
. . . .

THE W H I TE GAUNT L ET ym t P zeal . do .

0 L IS T O F B O O KS P UB L IS HED

N ew A m er ica n N o vel s .

TE MPL E H O U SE — By M r s Eli z a b e th S tod d a r d 1 2 mo c l . . . .

,

THE B I SH O P S S O N — By Alic e C a r y
’
. do . o .
5
BEA US EIN CO U R T — By M rs C A W a r fie ld
. do . . . . .
5
H O US EH O LD O F B O UVE R I E do do do . . . .

H ELEN C O U R TENA Y — By au th o r V e r n o n G r o ve do ’
. . .
5
PECUL I A R — By Ep e s S a r g e n t
. do . .
5
V AN QU I S HED — By M i ss A gn es L e o n ar d
. do . .
5
FO U R O AKS — By Kam b a T h o r p e
. do .
5
MAL B R O O K — I 7.z p r es s do . .

M . M i ch e l e t ’s R em ar k ab le W o rk s .

E — T r a n s la te d fr om th e F r e n c h 1 2 m0 cl $ 1
LOV . . .
, .
50
W O MAN (LA F EMM E) do . . do .

Ern est R en a n .

THE L IF E O F JE SUS — T ra n s la te d fr om th e F r e n c h .

TH E APO S TLE S . do . do .
5
Pop u l a r I ta l i a n N o v el s .

D O CT O R A N TO N Io — A lo ve s to r y mo c l
'

. . By R u fii n i . 12 . .
,
B EAT R I CE CENC I — By G u e rr a zz i .
,
w i th p o r tr a i t . do .
5
R e v. J o h n Cu m m i n g, D . D .
, of L on d on .

THE GR EAT T R I BULAT I O N — . T wo se r i es . 12 m0 clo th $ 1

. .
50
THE G R EAT PR E PA R AT I O N . do . do $1
. .
50
THE G R EAT C O N S UMMAT I O N . do . do $1
. .
50
THE LA ST W A R N I NG CR Y . do $1
. .
50
M rs . R i tch i e (A n n a Co r a M ow att ) .

FA IR Y FI NGE R S A ca p i ta l n e w n o ve l
. . 12 mo c l o th .
, 5
THE M UTE S I NGE R do . . do .
5
THE CLE R G YM AN S W IF E — a n d o th e r s to r i es
’
. do .
5
M o th er G o o se fo r C r o w n F o lk s .

U
H MO R O US RH YMES fo r grow n pe opl e . 12 m0 . c l o th ,
1 . 2 5
T . S. A r th u r ’s N ew W or k s .

L I GHT O N S HAD O W ED PATH S — A n o ve l . 12 mo c l o th .

,

O UT I N THE W O R LD . do . do .
$1 .
50
N O TH I NG BUT MO NE Y . do . do . $1 .
50
W HAT CAM E A F TE R W A R D S . do . do . $1 .
50
011 11 NE I GHB O R S . do . do .
$1 .
50

N ew E n gl i s h N o v el s .

WO MAN
’
T ATEG Y — B e au ti full y i llu s tr a te d
S S R 12 mo c l o th $ 1 50
“
. .
,
. .

BEY M IN S TR E — By a p o p ula r au th o r
. . do 5 .

R EC O MMENDED T o M E R C Y
”
do . . do .

S HAND — By S he r i da n L e Fa n u do
’
WYL D E R . .
$ 1 75 . .

HO U S E BY THE CHU R CH Y AR D do . . do 5 .
 “
-1

BYG . W CA R
. L E TO N
'
( 6 00 .

Edm u n d Kir k e.

A MO NG THE PIN E S — O r Li fe i n th e S ou th . 1 2 m0 .clo th , $ 1 5c

.

MY S O UTHE R N F R I END S . do . do .

D O W N I N TENNE S S EE . do . do .
$ 1 50
.

A D R IF T I N D I X I E . do . do .

A MO NG THE GUE R I LLA S . do . do .

Ch ar les R ea d e .

THE CL O I STE R AND THE HEA R TH — A mag n i fic e n t n e w n o ve l .

th e b es t th i s au th o r e ve r w r o te 8 vo clo th . .
,

Th e O p er a .

.
TAL E S F R O M THE O PER A S .
-
A o f c l e ve r s to r i es b a se d
c o lle éti o n ,

u p o n th e p lo ts of all th e famou s O p e r a s 1 2 mo clo th $ 1 50 . .

, .

R o b er t B . R o o s evel t.

THE GAME FI S H O F THE N O R TH — I llu s tr a te d

'
-
. . 12 mo c l o th
.
,

S U PE R I O R FI S H I NG do . . do .

THE GAM E B I R D S O F THE N O R TH

-
. do .

Hi n to n R o w an H el p er .

THE IMPEND I NG C R I S I S O F THE SO UTH . 12 mo clo th.

,

N O J O QU E —
A Qu es tio n fo r a C o n ti n e n t
. . do .

H en r y M o r fo r d .

A I IN 6 7 — S k e tc h es of a el mo c l o th
’
P R S . tr v . 12 .
,

F r o m th e G er m a n .

W IL L -
o
’
-
THE -
WI SP — . A b e au ti ful c h ild s b oo k ’
. 12 mo c l . .
, $ 1 50.

Th e Ci ty o f R i ch m o n d.
R I CHMO ND DU R I NG THE WA R —
. By a lad y . 12 mo clo th .
, 5
D r . J . J . Cr a ven .

THE PR I SO N L IF E O F J E FF E R SO N DAV I S — In ci d e n ts a n d co n ve r s a
-

t i o n s du r i n g h i s ca p ti vi ty a t Fo r tr ess M o n r o e .

Ca p ta i n R a ph a el Sem m es .

THE C R U I SE O F THE ALABA MA AND S UMTE R . I zm o . clo th ,

J o h n S . Mosby .

HIS L IF E AND E XPL O I T S I N THE WA R — W i th p o r tr a i ts d o . .

5
W a lter B a r r ett
, Cl e r k .

TH E OLDE R CHANT S O F N EW Y O R K — P e r s o n al i n ci d e n ts
M
‘

,
s k e t c h es b i ts o f b i o gr ap h y a n d e ve n t s i n th e li fe o f l e adi ng
, ,

m e rc h a n ts i n N e w Yo r k C i ty Fou r s e r i es 1 2 mo cl . . . .
,

Madam e O c t a vi a W a lto n L e Ver t.

so UV EN IR s O F T R AVEL — N ew e d i tio n La rg e . I z mo c l o th ,
.

H . T . Sp er r y.
O O UN TR Y L O VE vs C I T Y F L I R TAT I O N —A ca pi tal n e w S oci e ty tal e
. .
,

w i th 20 s up e r b i llu s tr a ti o n s b y H o pp i n I zmo clo th . .

,
8 B O O KS P UB L IS HED B Y O A R L E TO JV, N E W YO R K .

M i s ce ll a n eo u s W o r k s .

MADE MO I S ELLE MER QU EM — By G e o r ge S a n d 1 2 mo . . . cl .

,

L O VE I N LE TTE R S — A fa s ci n a ti n g c o lle é tio n do . .

A B O O K AB O UT LA W Y E R S — F 1 0m Lo n do n e di ti o n do . . .

LAU S P o e m s by Al g e r n o n S w i n b u r n e do
V EN ER I s — . . .

O U R A R T I S T I N CUBA —By G e o W C a r l e to n
. do . . . .

O U R A R T I S T I N PE R U do do . do . . .

HO W To M A K E M O NE Y a n d H o w to Ke e p It ,
do . .

F A I R F A X A n o ve l B y Jo h n E s te n C oo k e
.
-
. do . .

H I LT TO H I LT . do do do . . .

THE L O S T CAU S E R EGA I NED —By E dw A P olla r d do . . . . .

MA R Y BR A N D EG EE — A n o v e l B y C uyl e r P i n e
. do . . .

R EN S HA W E . do do do . . .

THE SHENAND O AH — H i s to r y of th e C o n f s te am e r do
. . . .

ME M O R I AL S O F J UN I U S B R UTU S B O O T H — (T h e Eld e r ) do . .

M O UNT CALVA R Y — By M a tth e w H al e S mi th do

“
. .

L O VE L IF E O F D R E K K ANE AND MA R GA R ET FO X do
-
. . . . .

B A L L A D s — B th e au th o r o f Ba r b a r a s H i s to r y do ’ ”
.
y . .

MA N a n d th e C o n d i ti o n s th a t S u r r ou n d H im
,
do . .

PR O M ETHEU S I N ATLANT IS — A p r o p h e c y do . .

T I TAN AG O N I STE S — A n Am e r ica n n o ve l

. do . .

PUL PI T PUNGENC I E S — W i ttici s m s fr om th e P ul p i t do

. . .

CH O LE R A A h a n d b oo k o n i ts tr e a tm e n t a n d cu r e do
.
-
. .

A L I CE O F M O N M O UTH —B E dmu n d C S t e dma n do

y . . .

N O TE S O N S HA KS PEA R E — By Ja s H H ac k e tt do
. . . . .

THE MO NTAN A S — A n o ve l B y M r s S J H a n coc k do

. . . . . . .

PA S T I M E S W I TH L I TTLE F R I END S — M a r t h a H B u tt do . . .

L IF E O F J A M E S STE PHEN S F e n i a n H e ad Ce n tr e do .
-
. .

PO E MS — B
y G a y H N ar a m o r e . do . .

GO ME R Y O F M O NTG O M E R Y — By C A W a sh b u r n do . . . . .

PO E MS — By M r s S a r a h T Bol to n . do . . .

CEN TEO L A By au th o r
.
-
G r ee n M ou n tai n Bo y s do ”
. .

R ED TA PE AND PI GE O N H O LE GE NE R AL S
-
do
-
.

T R EAT IS E O N DEA F NE SS — By D r E B Li gh th ill do . . . . . .

A R O UND THE PY R AM I D S — B
y G e n Aa r o n W a r d do . . . .

CH I NA AND THE CH I NE S E — By W L G S mi th do . . . . . .

E DGA R PO E AND H IS C R I T I C S —By Mr s W h i tma n do . . . .

M A R R I ED O FF A I1 I llu s tr a te d S a t i r i cal P o e m do
‘
-
. . .

THE R U SS I A N BALL do do. do do . . . .

THE SN O B L A CE BALL do do . do do . . . .

THE C I T Y S HEA R T
’
do . do do do . . . .

PO E MS — By M r s V i r g i n ia Qua r l es . do . .

AN AN SW E R T o HUGH MI LLE R — By T A D a vi e s do . . . .

C O SMO G O N Y — By T h oma s A D a vi e s
. 8 vo . . .

R U R AL A R CH I TECTU R E — By M Fi e l d I l l u s tr a te d d o . . . .