DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION CvSU-LSHS

11-STEM
LECTURE / DIGMA S.Y 2020-2021
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LESSON 1: CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK

OUTLINE 3. Fire
I. Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk 4. Volcanic Eruption
- Definition of Disaster 5. Drought
- Five Common Disasters in the Philippines
- Disaster Risk DISASTER RISK
II. Types of Disasters  It is the potential of losing something of value.
- Natural Disasters o Physical Health
- Man-made Disasters
o Social Status
III. Risk Factors Underlying Disasters
- General Effects of Disasters o Emotional Well-Being
- Effects of Disaster on Human Life o Financial Wealth
- How and When an Event Becomes a  Essential services such as food, water, housing,
Disaster health care, and sanitation are usually disrupted
- Areas/Location Exposure for prolonged periods of time.
 Disaster Risk = function (Hazard, Exposure, and
CONCEPT OF DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK
Vulnerability).
DEFINITION OF DISASTER a. Hazard – waves, storms, tsunamis,
1. According to the UNISDR (United Nations erosion, sea level rise (a danger or a
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) risk).
o It is a serious disruption of the functioning of b. Exposure – communities and
a community or a society causing infrastructure located along coastal and
widespread human, material, economic, or low lying areas.
environmental losses, which exceeds the c. Vulnerability – susceptibility to damage
ability to the affected community or society and capacity to cope with/adapt to
to cope, using its own resources. disturbances.
2. According to WHO (World Health
 In order to control disaster risks, we need to
Organization)
reduce the level of vulnerability and keep
o Any occurrence that causes damage,
exposure and hazard away.
ecological disruption, loss of human life,
 The potential disaster losses, in lives, health
deterioration of health and health services,
status, livelihoods, assets and services, which
on a scale of sufficient to warrant on
would occur to a particular community or a
extraordinary response from outside the
society over some specified future time period.
affected community or area.
o Disaster occurs when there is/are: TYPES OF DISASTERS
a. 100 or more affected;
NATURAL DISASTERS
b. 10 or more deaths;
 Occurrences when a natural hazard affects
c. State of Emergency; and
human and/or the built environment.
d. Call for International Assistance.
 Human vulnerability and lack of appropriate
3. Disasters are frequently described as a result
emergency management, leads to financial,
of the combination of:
environmental, or human impact.
a. Exposure to hazard;
1. Typhoons/Cyclones
b. Conditions of vulnerability that are
2. Floods
present; and
3. Flashfloods
c. Insufficient capacity or measures to
4. Tsunamis
reduce or cope with the potential
5. Volcanic Eruptions
negative consequences.
6. Droughts
7. Earthquakes
8. Landslides
FIVE COMMON DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES 9. Fires (caused by lighting)
1. Typhoon 10. Heavy Rains
2. Earthquake 11. Pest Infestation
Discussion Date: February 17, 2020 DRR11-L1
 12. Tornadoes AREAS/LOCATION EXPOSURE

MAN-MADE DISASTERS NATURAL HAZARDS

 Events that are caused by humans and occur AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSURE
in/or close to human settlements according to Storm surge, tsunami, or
Coastal areas
IFRC. tidal waves
 It is the consequence of technological or human Reclaimed areas Flooding
hazards. Near fault lines Earthquakes
1. Armed Conflicts On foot of denuded
Landslide
2. Industrial and Chemical Hazards mountains
3. Road and Air Accident Volcanic eruption –
Near volcanoes (danger pyroclastic materials, lahar
4. Environmental Pollution zones) flow, lava flow, and ash
5. Maritime Accidents fall.
6. Epidemics River banks and esteros Flooding, flashfloods
7. War Thunderstorm, hailstorm,
8. Explosions Open fields
blizzard
9. Terrorist Attack Table 1-1. Areas/Location Exposure on Natural Hazards

10. Oil Spill

MAN-MADE HAZARDS
11. Garvalanche (Garbage)
AREAS/LOCATIONS EXPOSURE
12. Fires (caused by faulty wirings)
Near oil depots Oil spill, pollution
RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS Toxic waste – heavy metal,
Near mining projects
 A number of factors make it more likely that lead, mercury, nitric acid
those affected will have more severe or long- Chemical fumes, chemical
Near chemical plants
wastes
lasting stress reactions after disasters.
Nuclear waste, possible
1. Severity of Exposure Near nuclear plants technical failure, leaks, or
2. Gender and Family worse accidental explosion
3. Age Near factories Factory waste, pollution
4. Developing Countries Unsafe building structures Fire
5. Low or Negative Social Support Public places in mega
Terrorism
cities
GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTERS Table 1-2. Areas/Locations of Exposure on Man-made Hazards
1. Loss of Life
2. Injury REFERENCES
3. Damage to and Destruction of Property Rosarda, N. A. L. (2021). Powerpoint Presentation:
4. Damage to and Destruction of Production Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk.
5. Loss of Livelihood
6. Disruption to Essential Services
7. Damage to National Infrastructure
8. Disruption to Governmental Systems
9. National Economic Loss
10. Sociological and Psychological effects after
Effect

EFFECTS OF DISASTER ON HUMAN LIFE

1. Displaced Populations
2. Health Risks
3. Food Scarcity
4. Emotional Aftershocks

HOW AND WHEN AN EVENT BECOMES A DISASTER

 An event, either man-made or natural, becomes
a disaster when it is sudden or progressive –
causing widespread human, material, or
environmental losses.

Discussion Date: February 17, 2020 DRR11-L1